Journal of Mens Health最新文献

Background: African American men (AAM) have persistently had the highest incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer (PrCa) in the United States. Considering that current guidelines recommend the practice of shared decision-making to determine whether or not to undergo a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test for the early detection of PrCa, this study focuses on the identification of key factors influencing AAM decisions regarding having or not having PSA screenings.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 152 AAM who completed study surveys. Statistical analysis included frequencies, means, and distributions and methods to test for differences in knowledge confidence, satisfaction and, self-efficacy when making decisions.

Results: 94% of participants would get a PSA test if offered, only 57% knew that the PSA test is a blood test. Participants who reported having had a PSA test before the baseline had significantly higher mean scores than their counterparts in the knowledge about the definition of the PSA and biopsy exams (p = 0.04), and in the confidence (p = 0.005) and efficacy (p = 0.002) scales when making PSA screening decisions. Older participants were more likely to have had a PSA test (p < 0.0001) and to intend to screen (p = 0.0441).

Conclusions: Significant differences in the satisfaction scale by clinical site (p < 0.001) may underscore the influence of clinicians' practices in participants' satisfaction with their decisions. Results suggest that patients' experience of care has the potential to positively influence PSA screening. It is our call that type of health insurance, knowledge about PrCa and PSA, and having had a PSA test in the past, as well as the patient's characteristics (age, race and family history of PrCa) be considered when discussing with patients the harms/benefits of PSA screening and their preferences to have or not have the PSA test.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a cornerstone in managing male infertility, especially in obstructive azoospermia (OA) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), necessitating sperm retrieval via testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or microdissection TESE (mTESE). However, the varied post-sperm extraction processing methods pose uncertainty regarding optimal approaches. To address this, a systematic review following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines was conducted, identifying 16 relevant studies. These studies exhibited significant heterogeneity in methodologies and outcomes, with mechanical preparation and enzymatic digestion being the primary techniques investigated. Mechanical methods, including shredding, mincing, vortexing, and crushing, yielded varying sperm counts per 100 mg of tissue, with mincing showing promise in NOA cases. Enzymatic digestion, particularly with collagenase type IV, also showed effectiveness, though inconsistently. Additionally, techniques such as microfluidics and magnetic levitation showed potential for improving sperm retrieval efficiency. However, the lack of standardization in outcomes and reporting impedes the establishment of best practice protocols. While collagenase type IV with elastase seemed promising for OA samples and microfluidics for NOA cases, further studies with standardized methodologies and outcomes are necessary. Assessment of DNA damage and comparisons of ICSI success rates between processing methods are crucial for informed clinical practice. In conclusion, optimizing sperm quantity and quality for ICSI necessitates standardized methodologies and outcomes, with microfluidics and collagenase type IV with elastase showing promise pending further validation through well-designed studies.

Sexual assault is a common occurrence among incarcerated men in correctional facilities, and severely impacts the psychological well-being of the victim. We explored hypermasculinity as a moderator between sexual violence (SV) victimization and consequent mental health outcomes (prototypic and masculine depression, alcohol use and drug use) among incarcerated men in Tshwane, South Africa. A convenience sample of 160 incarcerated men self-completed two questionnaires: Questionnaire 1, completed during their incarceration, included themes such as demographics, incarceration-related characteristics, and involvement in physical fighting, and Questionnaire 2, completed at least two months post their release from incarceration, included themes such as demographics, gang affiliation, hypermasculinity, SV victimization, misuse of substances and/or alcohol, prototypic depression and masculine depression. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine sample characteristics. Associations between variables were examined with Pearson's correlational analysis while the moderation effect was tested with the SPSS PROCESS macro software. Hypermasculinity had a significant moderation effect on SV victimization and prototypic depression. Post hoc probing analyses showed a significant negative relationship between SV victimization and prototypic depression among men who highly endorsed hypermasculinity, but no significant relationship was observed among those who endorsed hypermasculinity at low or average levels. The moderation effect of hypermasculinity was not statistically significant for SV victimization and masculine depression, alcohol use and drug use. Men who were high in hypermasculinity had a decreased likelihood of prototypic depression despite having been sexually victimized. Interventions that address SV-related mental health outcomes should take into account the role of masculine ideals in SV-related psychological reactions among incarcerated men or men with a history of incarceration.

Penile cancer accounts for about 1% of all male cancer diagnoses in the United States. Regional lymph node involvement is strongly correlated with overall outcomes, and as such the procedure of inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) is imperative to the diagnostic and oncologic outcomes for these patients. The current gold standard of open ILND presents challenges in mitigating detrimental postoperative sequalae such as wound complications and lymphedema, without compromising oncologic outcomes. There has been a growing interest and shift in minimally invasive (MIS) approaches to tackle the challenges seen in the open approach to ILND. Several different minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic video-endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) and robotic-assisted VEIL approaches have been explored and described in the literature. A systematic literature search of PubMed and Medline (OVID) literature review was performed to assess outcomes in MIS approaches to ILND in comparison to traditional open approach. Key words included penile cancer/penile neoplasms, minimally-invasive procedures, robotics, video-endoscopic, robotic-assisted, inguinal lymphadenectomy, and inguinal lymph node dissections. Studies show that MIS approaches to ILND have potential to reduce high-grade postoperative complications, operative time, and hospital stay while ensuring oncologic outcomes. Despite the learning curve associated with MIS ILND, preliminary data does suggest favorable outcomes. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to reveal the full benefit of MIS ILND compared to open ILND.

To examine knowledge and attitudes about lung health promotion (smoking cessation and lung cancer screening) among Black male smokers in a large Midwestern city in the United States. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 study participants. Each interview lasted approximately 45 minutes. Participants also completed a brief (5-10 minutes) survey measuring demographic characteristics, smoking experiences and knowledge and attitudes about lung health promotion activities. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data, and deductive thematic analysis for qualitative data analysis. The mean age of study participants was 57.5 years. Eighty-four percent of participants were current smokers, with the majority being daily smokers. Perceived risk for lung cancer was mixed, with 56% of participants endorsing that they considered themselves to be at high or moderate risk and the remaining 44% at low or no risk for lung cancer. Forty percent of participants reported having had a test to check their lungs for cancer. Participants were aware of the health risks associated with smoking but reported limited assistance from providers regarding the receipt of smoking cessation treatments. Awareness of lung cancer screening was limited, but participants expressed openness to screening; however, barriers were anticipated, including costs, fear and a reduced willingness to be screened in the absence of symptoms. Study participants reported limited experiences with lung health promotion activities. Knowledge about the facilitators and barriers can be used to develop health promotion interventions targeting smoking cessation and lung cancer screening.