{"title":"Retracted: IoT-Based English Translation Teaching from the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","doi":"10.1155/2023/9805184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9805184","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retracted: Exploration of Intelligent Teaching Methods for Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities under the Background of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”","authors":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","doi":"10.1155/2023/9842690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9842690","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43753048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retracted: Research on the Integration Method of Character Costume Culture in Dunhuang Murals Based on Deep Learning Algorithm","authors":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","doi":"10.1155/2023/9858495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9858495","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, the finite difference parabolic equation (FDPE) method is presented to calculate the propagation loss (PL) for electromagnetic waves (EWs) in the forest environment. The FDPE method is more efficient and convenient than the empirical models and has more advantages on compatibility and accuracy for long-range EWs prediction. The Debye–Cole dual dispersion model is used to simulate the effective permittivity of vegetation. The results of the FDPE model are compared with those of the advanced refractive effects prediction system and measurement results, and a good agreement is observed. Research found that PL for EWs varies with the effective permittivity. Also, the effective permittivity is a function of radio frequency, weight moisture content, and volume content of vegetation. Thus, it is necessary to establish a statistical model to determine some relations between the PL and plant biophysical parameters. The polynomial fitting method is adopted to process a large amount of PL data for obtaining a linear function. Then, the volume content and moisture content of vegetation can be determined according to the polynomial fitting function. It provides a novel and efficient method for forestry remote telemetry, which is specifically suitable for large-scale inaccessible region with serious environment.
{"title":"Application of the Finite Difference Parabolic Equation Model in Forestry Remote Telemetry","authors":"Qi Guo, Yubin Lan, Xiaoling Deng, Y. Diao","doi":"10.1155/2023/6825971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6825971","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the finite difference parabolic equation (FDPE) method is presented to calculate the propagation loss (PL) for electromagnetic waves (EWs) in the forest environment. The FDPE method is more efficient and convenient than the empirical models and has more advantages on compatibility and accuracy for long-range EWs prediction. The Debye–Cole dual dispersion model is used to simulate the effective permittivity of vegetation. The results of the FDPE model are compared with those of the advanced refractive effects prediction system and measurement results, and a good agreement is observed. Research found that PL for EWs varies with the effective permittivity. Also, the effective permittivity is a function of radio frequency, weight moisture content, and volume content of vegetation. Thus, it is necessary to establish a statistical model to determine some relations between the PL and plant biophysical parameters. The polynomial fitting method is adopted to process a large amount of PL data for obtaining a linear function. Then, the volume content and moisture content of vegetation can be determined according to the polynomial fitting function. It provides a novel and efficient method for forestry remote telemetry, which is specifically suitable for large-scale inaccessible region with serious environment.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47703566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antenna selection techniques are extensively applied to reduce hardware cost and power consumption in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This paper proposed a low-cost antenna selection method for system sum-rate maximization based on multiclass scalable Gaussian process classification (SGPC) which is capable to perform analytical inference and is scalable for massive data. Simulation results show that the average sum-rate obtained by SGPC is 1. 9 bps/Hz more than that obtained by conventional optimization driven user-centric antenna selection (UCAS) algorithm and 1 bps/Hz more than that obtained by the up-to-date learning scheme based on a deep neural network (DNN) when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 10 dB, the number of total antennas at BS is 6, the number of selected antennas is 4, and the number of single-antenna users is 4. The superiority of SGPC over UCAS and DNN is more obvious as SNR, the number of selected antennas, or the number of users increases.
{"title":"Transmit Antenna Selection for Sum-Rate Maximization with Multiclass Scalable Gaussian Process Classification","authors":"Xiaofeng Yang","doi":"10.1155/2023/3547030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3547030","url":null,"abstract":"Antenna selection techniques are extensively applied to reduce hardware cost and power consumption in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This paper proposed a low-cost antenna selection method for system sum-rate maximization based on multiclass scalable Gaussian process classification (SGPC) which is capable to perform analytical inference and is scalable for massive data. Simulation results show that the average sum-rate obtained by SGPC is 1. 9 bps/Hz more than that obtained by conventional optimization driven user-centric antenna selection (UCAS) algorithm and 1 bps/Hz more than that obtained by the up-to-date learning scheme based on a deep neural network (DNN) when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 10 dB, the number of total antennas at BS is 6, the number of selected antennas is 4, and the number of single-antenna users is 4. The superiority of SGPC over UCAS and DNN is more obvious as SNR, the number of selected antennas, or the number of users increases.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42612474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changxian Li, Pingchuan Wen, Xiujuan Lin, Di Wu, Changfei Zhou
Anultra-wideband (UWB) bowl-shaped monopole antenna with a sturdy, simple, and lightweight structure is proposed, and then is used to compose the 3 × 3 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna. The wide bandwidth is determined by the outline of the monopole, which has a quarter wavelength and high-order modes. The inner part of the bowl-shaped monopole is removed for a light weight. The simulated and measured results show that an ultra-wide band of 2.3–8.1 GHz (5.8 GHz, 111.5%) and a high isolation of greater than 20 dB between the antenna elements of the MIMO antenna can be achieved.
{"title":"An Ultra-Wideband MIMO Bowl-Shaped Monopole Antenna with Sturdy and Simple Construction","authors":"Changxian Li, Pingchuan Wen, Xiujuan Lin, Di Wu, Changfei Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2023/5667834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5667834","url":null,"abstract":"Anultra-wideband (UWB) bowl-shaped monopole antenna with a sturdy, simple, and lightweight structure is proposed, and then is used to compose the 3 × 3 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna. The wide bandwidth is determined by the outline of the monopole, which has a quarter wavelength and high-order modes. The inner part of the bowl-shaped monopole is removed for a light weight. The simulated and measured results show that an ultra-wide band of 2.3–8.1 GHz (5.8 GHz, 111.5%) and a high isolation of greater than 20 dB between the antenna elements of the MIMO antenna can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44650081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a noninvasive bone fracture monitoring system is developed using a planar monopole antenna. The proposed antenna provides an ultra-wideband response, and its overall size is 18 × 19 × 0.8 mm3. The proposed ultra-wideband monopole (UWM) antenna has a maximum measured gain of 3.77 dBi, and the maximum SAR value for an input power of 18 dBm is less than 1.6 (W/kg) (1 g). A bovine tibia is experimentally tested using a proposed UWM antenna to monitor the fracture recovery process and then further analysed using principle component and linear regression analysis. In addition, a microcontroller with a wireless communication module is developed to monitor the data in an Android application. The proposed system could be a promising approach for developing a portable, noninvasive monitoring device.
{"title":"On the Experimental Investigation of Bone Fracture Recovery Process Using an Ultra-Wideband Planar Monopole Antenna","authors":"S. Rizwan, K. V. Phani Kumar, S. Palaniswamy","doi":"10.1155/2023/8825446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8825446","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a noninvasive bone fracture monitoring system is developed using a planar monopole antenna. The proposed antenna provides an ultra-wideband response, and its overall size is 18 × 19 × 0.8 mm3. The proposed ultra-wideband monopole (UWM) antenna has a maximum measured gain of 3.77 dBi, and the maximum SAR value for an input power of 18 dBm is less than 1.6 (W/kg) (1 g). A bovine tibia is experimentally tested using a proposed UWM antenna to monitor the fracture recovery process and then further analysed using principle component and linear regression analysis. In addition, a microcontroller with a wireless communication module is developed to monitor the data in an Android application. The proposed system could be a promising approach for developing a portable, noninvasive monitoring device.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47469922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of isolators to reduce mutual coupling in large two-dimensional antenna arrays is complex and requires significant computational effort. This work attempts to alleviate this problem by applying different types of planar isolators in different orientations and experimenting first with two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A U-shaped planar transmission line isolator, a U-shaped planar transmission line-based destructive ground structure, and a planar neutralization line structure are designed to reduce E-plane or H-plane coupling in two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A mutual coupling reduction of approximately 6 dB is achieved. Four combinations of these planar isolators are compared and analyzed in a four-element microstrip antenna array. An optimal combination is then obtained by using two reversely placed U-shaped line isolators, which reduce the mutual coupling by more than 6.1 dB. The study is also extended to a 5 × 5 antenna array. Similar results of mutual coupling reduction are obtained. In addition to simulation, both two-element and 25-element microstrip antennas have been constructed and tested. The agreement of the simulation results with the measured results confirms the effectiveness of the decoupling structures.
{"title":"Investigation of Planar Isolators for Mutual Coupling Reduction in Two-Dimensional Microstrip Antenna Arrays","authors":"Ruowei Yin, Zhipeng Wu","doi":"10.1155/2023/8865793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8865793","url":null,"abstract":"The design of isolators to reduce mutual coupling in large two-dimensional antenna arrays is complex and requires significant computational effort. This work attempts to alleviate this problem by applying different types of planar isolators in different orientations and experimenting first with two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A U-shaped planar transmission line isolator, a U-shaped planar transmission line-based destructive ground structure, and a planar neutralization line structure are designed to reduce E-plane or H-plane coupling in two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A mutual coupling reduction of approximately 6 dB is achieved. Four combinations of these planar isolators are compared and analyzed in a four-element microstrip antenna array. An optimal combination is then obtained by using two reversely placed U-shaped line isolators, which reduce the mutual coupling by more than 6.1 dB. The study is also extended to a 5 × 5 antenna array. Similar results of mutual coupling reduction are obtained. In addition to simulation, both two-element and 25-element microstrip antennas have been constructed and tested. The agreement of the simulation results with the measured results confirms the effectiveness of the decoupling structures.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42059570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a biomimetic optimization algorithm based on the intelligent foraging behavior of a bee colony. It has obvious advantages in dealing with complex nonlinear optimization problems. However, the random neighborhood search leads to the ABC algorithm being good at exploration but neglected in exploitation. Therefore, a modified artificial bee colony algorithm (MABC) is proposed in this paper. The modified artificial bee colony algorithm is applied to the thinned optimization of large multiple concentric circular antenna arrays. The aim is to make the thinned array obtain the narrow beam pattern with the best peak sidelobe level (PSLL) in the vertical plane. The elements in the concentric circular antenna arrays are uniformly excited and isotropic. Two different cases have been considered in this study for thinning of concentric circular antenna arrays using MABC, one with fixed uniform interelement spacing and another with optimum uniform interelement spacing. In both the cases, the thinning percentage of the array is kept equal to or more than 50%. Simulation results of the proposed thinned arrays are compared with a fully populated array to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
{"title":"Synthesis of Thinned Planar Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays Using a Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm","authors":"Yuqi Sun, Jia Sun, Lei Ye","doi":"10.1155/2023/7735267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7735267","url":null,"abstract":"The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a biomimetic optimization algorithm based on the intelligent foraging behavior of a bee colony. It has obvious advantages in dealing with complex nonlinear optimization problems. However, the random neighborhood search leads to the ABC algorithm being good at exploration but neglected in exploitation. Therefore, a modified artificial bee colony algorithm (MABC) is proposed in this paper. The modified artificial bee colony algorithm is applied to the thinned optimization of large multiple concentric circular antenna arrays. The aim is to make the thinned array obtain the narrow beam pattern with the best peak sidelobe level (PSLL) in the vertical plane. The elements in the concentric circular antenna arrays are uniformly excited and isotropic. Two different cases have been considered in this study for thinning of concentric circular antenna arrays using MABC, one with fixed uniform interelement spacing and another with optimum uniform interelement spacing. In both the cases, the thinning percentage of the array is kept equal to or more than 50%. Simulation results of the proposed thinned arrays are compared with a fully populated array to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47601808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ni, W. W. Wang, Y. C. Zheng, J. Ding, K. Cao, B. Liu
This paper presents an antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna (ALTSA) array with the newly emerging substrate-integrated coaxial line (SICL) technology. Each element of the proposed array consists of two vertically stacked antipodal tapered slot antennas (TSA) with the inner conductor of a SICL as the shared fin. The vertical symmetry of this radiating element structure significantly suppresses the cross-polarization level. By employing a SICL-based power splitter with differential outputs, a two-element array with horizontal symmetry is formed. With the inner conductors of two parallel SICLs combined as the flaring metal shared by adjacent tapered slots, the main beam squint is effectively suppressed. Experimental results show an actual −10-dB impedance bandwidth (BW) of 24.5∼34.4 GHz, and the realized gain range measured is 16.1∼18.7 dBi. The cross-polarization levels are −39.4 dB/−40.7 dB at 30 GHz for the E-/H-planes. The measured results agree well with the simulated data which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed SICL-based ALTSA scheme in the potential 5 G·millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications.
{"title":"A Millimeter-Wave Antipodal Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna Array for 5G Wireless Communication","authors":"C. Ni, W. W. Wang, Y. C. Zheng, J. Ding, K. Cao, B. Liu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6227251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6227251","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna (ALTSA) array with the newly emerging substrate-integrated coaxial line (SICL) technology. Each element of the proposed array consists of two vertically stacked antipodal tapered slot antennas (TSA) with the inner conductor of a SICL as the shared fin. The vertical symmetry of this radiating element structure significantly suppresses the cross-polarization level. By employing a SICL-based power splitter with differential outputs, a two-element array with horizontal symmetry is formed. With the inner conductors of two parallel SICLs combined as the flaring metal shared by adjacent tapered slots, the main beam squint is effectively suppressed. Experimental results show an actual −10-dB impedance bandwidth (BW) of 24.5∼34.4 GHz, and the realized gain range measured is 16.1∼18.7 dBi. The cross-polarization levels are −39.4 dB/−40.7 dB at 30 GHz for the E-/H-planes. The measured results agree well with the simulated data which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed SICL-based ALTSA scheme in the potential 5 G·millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46502500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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