High-power microwave (HPM) antenna, one of the key subsystems in the HPM system, is used for HPM radiation. Its performance is partly determined by the impulse responses of reflector materials under HPM. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impulse response characteristics of reflector materials under HPM. Instead of the traditional waveguide cavity, this study was based on the double elliptical reflector system with an open boundary. By using this system, the impulse response of reflector materials was measured, and the response of reflector materials of multiple types under various environments with different electric field strengths and pulse widths was tested. In terms of breakdown, reflection efficiency, and pulse waveform, aluminum and carbon fiber test plates were affected by HPM and compared. Finally, the impulse response characteristics of carbon fiber test plates were summarized. The proposed method applied in this research is universal, matches the practical application environment, and can be extensively employed in the impulse response research and test of reflector materials.
{"title":"Measurement of High-Power Microwave Impulse Response Characteristics of Reflector Materials","authors":"Xianggang Hu, Jiancang Su, Mingtao Zhang, Jingang Gong, Kewei Cheng, Jia Liu, Jiande Zhang, Xiaoxin Zhu, Rui Li, Jie Cheng, Shaotong Wu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3664678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3664678","url":null,"abstract":"High-power microwave (HPM) antenna, one of the key subsystems in the HPM system, is used for HPM radiation. Its performance is partly determined by the impulse responses of reflector materials under HPM. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impulse response characteristics of reflector materials under HPM. Instead of the traditional waveguide cavity, this study was based on the double elliptical reflector system with an open boundary. By using this system, the impulse response of reflector materials was measured, and the response of reflector materials of multiple types under various environments with different electric field strengths and pulse widths was tested. In terms of breakdown, reflection efficiency, and pulse waveform, aluminum and carbon fiber test plates were affected by HPM and compared. Finally, the impulse response characteristics of carbon fiber test plates were summarized. The proposed method applied in this research is universal, matches the practical application environment, and can be extensively employed in the impulse response research and test of reflector materials.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate three square-shaped antennas to increase the bandwidth of circular polarization. Each antenna has two adjacent corners excited with the same amplitudes and a phase difference of 90° using a branched feedline vertical to the ground plane. We evaluate the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth as a function of the loop-arm width using the moment method. It is found that the axial ratio bandwidth reaches 38% for an arm width of 0.04 wavelengths, wider than that of a wire-loop antenna by a factor of three. The simulated results are verified by experimental ones.
{"title":"A Simultaneous Study on Wire-Loop, Plate-Loop, and Plate Antennas for Wideband Circular Polarization","authors":"Kazuhide Hirose, Mitsuki Hirose, Hisamatsu Nakano","doi":"10.1155/2024/9326275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9326275","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate three square-shaped antennas to increase the bandwidth of circular polarization. Each antenna has two adjacent corners excited with the same amplitudes and a phase difference of 90° using a branched feedline vertical to the ground plane. We evaluate the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth as a function of the loop-arm width using the moment method. It is found that the axial ratio bandwidth reaches 38% for an arm width of 0.04 wavelengths, wider than that of a wire-loop antenna by a factor of three. The simulated results are verified by experimental ones.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extraction algorithm of target characteristics resonance set at the high-frequency band plays a significant role in defense applications like early warning. The paper proposes a new method to extract the characteristic resonance set of radar targets in the resonance frequency region using an autoregressive moving average model optimized by root mean square propagation particle swarm optimization. Considering that the total scattering response in the resonant region consists of early-time and late-time responses, the autoregressive moving average model approximate the total scattering responses to avoid errors caused by intercepting the late-time response. Further, the paper investigated the impact of the swarm optimization algorithm on the accuracy of moving average model parameters when obtaining the resonance set at different target aspects. The extracted characteristic resonance results within a range of azimuth directions through an aircraft target paradigm indicate that the new method is more convenient and precise than the matrix beam prediction method.
{"title":"Extracting Pole Characteristics of Complex Radar Targets for the Aircraft in Resonance Region Using RMSPSO_ARMA","authors":"Sang Zhou, Huotao Gao, Fangyu Ren","doi":"10.1155/2024/2233923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2233923","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction algorithm of target characteristics resonance set at the high-frequency band plays a significant role in defense applications like early warning. The paper proposes a new method to extract the characteristic resonance set of radar targets in the resonance frequency region using an autoregressive moving average model optimized by root mean square propagation particle swarm optimization. Considering that the total scattering response in the resonant region consists of early-time and late-time responses, the autoregressive moving average model approximate the total scattering responses to avoid errors caused by intercepting the late-time response. Further, the paper investigated the impact of the swarm optimization algorithm on the accuracy of moving average model parameters when obtaining the resonance set at different target aspects. The extracted characteristic resonance results within a range of azimuth directions through an aircraft target paradigm indicate that the new method is more convenient and precise than the matrix beam prediction method.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present GPS (global positioning system) is widely used in electric vehicle navigation; it is usually installed in the middle-to-rear position on the car’s roof, near the rear windshield. Since the GPS antenna operating frequency is 1.575 GHz, the health risk of the passengers in the car in this high-frequency electromagnetic exposure is a matter of concern. In this paper, we construct models for a GPS antenna, an electric vehicle, and a human body. Through the multiphysics field coupling calculation in COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element simulation software, in both frequency domain and transient analysis, we obtain the electric field strength distribution, specific absorption rate, and temperature distribution of the human body at three positions inside the electric vehicle after being exposed to the GPS antenna radiation for 30 minutes. The peak human-induced electric field is 18.4 V/m, and the peak specific absorption rate is 0.193 W/kg. The 30 minute average maximum human-induced electric field is 1.6906 V/m, which is 3.1% of the ICNIRP limit, the 30 minute average whole-body SAR is 0.0036 W/kg, which is 4.5% of the ICNIRP limit, and the 30 minute average human core temperature rise is 0.06°C, which is 6% of the ICNIRP limit. In addition, we simulate the impact of three different vehicle shell materials on the level of electromagnetic exposure to the human body, which can provide reference for electromagnetic shielding design in automobiles. The results indicate that the induced electric field strength, specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature rise in various parts of the human body did not exceed the standard limits in the latest version of ICNIRP. This suggests that the electromagnetic exposure from the GPS antenna in a typical automotive environment does not pose a threat to human health.
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Electromagnetic Environmental Exposure for GPS Antenna of Electric Vehicle","authors":"Siyu Shang, Mai Lu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3192747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3192747","url":null,"abstract":"The present GPS (global positioning system) is widely used in electric vehicle navigation; it is usually installed in the middle-to-rear position on the car’s roof, near the rear windshield. Since the GPS antenna operating frequency is 1.575 GHz, the health risk of the passengers in the car in this high-frequency electromagnetic exposure is a matter of concern. In this paper, we construct models for a GPS antenna, an electric vehicle, and a human body. Through the multiphysics field coupling calculation in COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element simulation software, in both frequency domain and transient analysis, we obtain the electric field strength distribution, specific absorption rate, and temperature distribution of the human body at three positions inside the electric vehicle after being exposed to the GPS antenna radiation for 30 minutes. The peak human-induced electric field is 18.4 V/m, and the peak specific absorption rate is 0.193 W/kg. The 30 minute average maximum human-induced electric field is 1.6906 V/m, which is 3.1% of the ICNIRP limit, the 30 minute average whole-body SAR is 0.0036 W/kg, which is 4.5% of the ICNIRP limit, and the 30 minute average human core temperature rise is 0.06°C, which is 6% of the ICNIRP limit. In addition, we simulate the impact of three different vehicle shell materials on the level of electromagnetic exposure to the human body, which can provide reference for electromagnetic shielding design in automobiles. The results indicate that the induced electric field strength, specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature rise in various parts of the human body did not exceed the standard limits in the latest version of ICNIRP. This suggests that the electromagnetic exposure from the GPS antenna in a typical automotive environment does not pose a threat to human health.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Design of a monopulse feeding network including a compact power distribution network and a monopulse comparator for a dual polarization slotted waveguide array fabricated on an annular disk is presented in this paper. As the slotted waveguide array is arranged on an annular disk, the feeding network is more complicated than that of a regular array such as a rectangular array. The design details of some key waveguide components, such as the compact assembly of H-plane T-junctions and E-plane elbows used to connect power distribution networks and radiation waveguides, are provided. Quasiplanar magic tees are designed and used to construct the compact sum and difference comparator. The antenna system contains two comparators, which are used to generate sum and difference beams for horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, respectively. Finally, the monopulse slotted waveguide array antenna is divided into two modules, a comparator module and an antenna module (including power distribution network), and fabricated with the layered processing and bonding process. The comparator module is measured using a network analyzer to verify its amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase-frequency characteristics. Screwing the comparator module and the antenna module together, a monopulse slotted waveguide array antenna is obtained, and the sum beam and difference beam characteristics of the antenna are measured in a microwave chamber and presented.
本文介绍了一种单脉冲馈电网络的设计，该网络包括一个紧凑的功率分配网络和一个单脉冲比较器，适用于在环形盘上制造的双偏振开槽波导阵列。由于开槽波导阵列布置在环形盘上，因此馈电网络比矩形阵列等常规阵列更为复杂。本文提供了一些关键波导元件的设计细节，如用于连接配电网络和辐射波导的 H 平面 T 型接头和 E 平面弯头的紧凑组件。设计了准平面魔术三通，并将其用于构建紧凑型和差比较器。天线系统包含两个比较器，分别用于产生水平极化和垂直极化的和波束和差波束。最后，单脉冲开槽波导阵列天线被分为两个模块，即比较器模块和天线模块（包括配电网络），并采用分层加工和粘合工艺制作而成。比较器模块使用网络分析仪进行测量，以验证其幅频特性和相频特性。将比较器模块和天线模块拧在一起，就得到了单脉冲开槽波导阵列天线，并在微波室中测量了该天线的和波束和差波束特性，并对其进行了介绍。
{"title":"Design of the Monopulse Feeding Network for a Slotted Waveguide Array on an Annular Disk","authors":"Zongxin Wang, Yulan Wang, Shengchi Zhu, Peng Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/5761698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5761698","url":null,"abstract":"Design of a monopulse feeding network including a compact power distribution network and a monopulse comparator for a dual polarization slotted waveguide array fabricated on an annular disk is presented in this paper. As the slotted waveguide array is arranged on an annular disk, the feeding network is more complicated than that of a regular array such as a rectangular array. The design details of some key waveguide components, such as the compact assembly of H-plane T-junctions and E-plane elbows used to connect power distribution networks and radiation waveguides, are provided. Quasiplanar magic tees are designed and used to construct the compact sum and difference comparator. The antenna system contains two comparators, which are used to generate sum and difference beams for horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, respectively. Finally, the monopulse slotted waveguide array antenna is divided into two modules, a comparator module and an antenna module (including power distribution network), and fabricated with the layered processing and bonding process. The comparator module is measured using a network analyzer to verify its amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase-frequency characteristics. Screwing the comparator module and the antenna module together, a monopulse slotted waveguide array antenna is obtained, and the sum beam and difference beam characteristics of the antenna are measured in a microwave chamber and presented.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajeev K. Parida, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Arjuna Muduli, Dhruba C. Panda, Adam R. H. Alhawari, Amrindra Pal, M. M. Abdullah, Hasan B. Albargi
In this work, a dual-port antenna system is simulated and fabricated for cognitive radio (CR) application. The proposed system comprises a tapered-fed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing antenna and a dual-narrowband (NB) communicating antenna. For miniaturization, the UWB sensing antenna is placed on the front side of the communicating antenna. The sensing operation takes place over 2.1–12 GHz. The E-shaped dual-band antenna operates at 3.9 GHz and 6.04 GHz. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and isolation are measured to be lower than 0.12 and greater than 18 dB, respectively, within the range of acceptable values for both parameters. The antenna prototype was fabricated and tested experimentally to confirm the simulation’s findings. The outcomes of both the simulation and the testing revealed a definite consistency. This work gives a miniaturized model and good isolation, which is appropriate for C-band applications.
{"title":"A Compact Isolated CR Antenna System for Application in C-Band","authors":"Rajeev K. Parida, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Arjuna Muduli, Dhruba C. Panda, Adam R. H. Alhawari, Amrindra Pal, M. M. Abdullah, Hasan B. Albargi","doi":"10.1155/2024/5522356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5522356","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a dual-port antenna system is simulated and fabricated for cognitive radio (CR) application. The proposed system comprises a tapered-fed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing antenna and a dual-narrowband (NB) communicating antenna. For miniaturization, the UWB sensing antenna is placed on the front side of the communicating antenna. The sensing operation takes place over 2.1–12 GHz. The E-shaped dual-band antenna operates at 3.9 GHz and 6.04 GHz. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and isolation are measured to be lower than 0.12 and greater than 18 dB, respectively, within the range of acceptable values for both parameters. The antenna prototype was fabricated and tested experimentally to confirm the simulation’s findings. The outcomes of both the simulation and the testing revealed a definite consistency. This work gives a miniaturized model and good isolation, which is appropriate for C-band applications.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microstrip antenna arrays are proposed in this paper for the customer premise equipment (CPE) applications in the frequency range 1 (FR1) of the 5th generation (5 G) mobile networks. The proposed antenna arrays consist of three FR4 substrates. Antenna elements and feeding networks are optimized separately through parameter studies and then combined to form the proposed antenna arrays. Bandwidth-enhancing parasitic elements on the top substrate are broadside coupled to the microstrip antennas in the middle substrate, which are probe-fed by the microstrip feeding network using Wilkinson power dividers realized in the bottom substrate through the ground plane and the stud supporting air layer between the lower two substrates. Two antenna arrays, with four and eight antenna elements, are proposed for different gain specifications, 10 dBi and 12 dBi, respectively. Bandwidths of 10-dB return loss for both arrays fully covered the 5 G n78 frequency band (3.3–3.8 GHz). 20 dB isolation between antenna elements can also be achieved using the proposed layouts with rotated elements. The dimensions, radiation gain, and efficiency of the proposed antenna units, four-element array, and eight-element array are 65 × 65 × 11.4, 115 × 115 × 11.4, and 115 × 215 × 11.4 mm3, 6.2, 10.5, and 13 dBi, 74%, 56%, and 50%, respectively. The proposed antenna arrays exhibit the advantages of simple, low-cost, low-profile, and high-gain characteristics, which is potentially applicable to 5 G CPE outdoor unit (ODU)-related devices.
{"title":"Design of Microstrip Antenna Arrays with Rotated Elements Using Wilkinson Power Dividers for 5 G Customer Premise Equipment Applications","authors":"Ting-Yi Huang, Yun-Jhang Lee","doi":"10.1155/2024/2945195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2945195","url":null,"abstract":"Microstrip antenna arrays are proposed in this paper for the customer premise equipment (CPE) applications in the frequency range 1 (FR1) of the 5<sup>th</sup> generation (5 G) mobile networks. The proposed antenna arrays consist of three FR4 substrates. Antenna elements and feeding networks are optimized separately through parameter studies and then combined to form the proposed antenna arrays. Bandwidth-enhancing parasitic elements on the top substrate are broadside coupled to the microstrip antennas in the middle substrate, which are probe-fed by the microstrip feeding network using Wilkinson power dividers realized in the bottom substrate through the ground plane and the stud supporting air layer between the lower two substrates. Two antenna arrays, with four and eight antenna elements, are proposed for different gain specifications, 10 dBi and 12 dBi, respectively. Bandwidths of 10-dB return loss for both arrays fully covered the 5 G n78 frequency band (3.3–3.8 GHz). 20 dB isolation between antenna elements can also be achieved using the proposed layouts with rotated elements. The dimensions, radiation gain, and efficiency of the proposed antenna units, four-element array, and eight-element array are 65 × 65 × 11.4, 115 × 115 × 11.4, and 115 × 215 × 11.4 mm<sup>3</sup>, 6.2, 10.5, and 13 dBi, 74%, 56%, and 50%, respectively. The proposed antenna arrays exhibit the advantages of simple, low-cost, low-profile, and high-gain characteristics, which is potentially applicable to 5 G CPE outdoor unit (ODU)-related devices.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a low sidelobe feeding network has been developed utilizing the louver-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). By adjusting the louver-shaped DGS, the output amplitude and phase of the corresponding ports can be altered, minimizing deviations from theoretical values. This enables antenna arrays equipped with this feeding network to more easily achieve low sidelobe performance. The impact of the louver-shaped DGS on the amplitude and phase of each port in the power divider within the feeding network is analyzed, and a 16-channel feeding network incorporating the louver-shaped DGS has been designed, fabricated, and then measured. The test results indicate that the performance of the line-feeding network is effectively improved by designing and adjusting the louver-shaped DGS. Through the debugging procedure, the amplitude deviation of the feeding network has been reduced from ±0.45 dB to ±0.2 dB, while the phase deviation of the feeding network has been reduced from ±8° to ±2.5°, and the maximum value of the first sidelobe has been reduced from −24.2 dB to −28.1 dB.
{"title":"Design of a Low Sidelobe Feed Network Based on the Louver-Shaped Defected Ground Structure","authors":"Zhang Yuan, Xi Songtao","doi":"10.1155/2024/3452375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3452375","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a low sidelobe feeding network has been developed utilizing the louver-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). By adjusting the louver-shaped DGS, the output amplitude and phase of the corresponding ports can be altered, minimizing deviations from theoretical values. This enables antenna arrays equipped with this feeding network to more easily achieve low sidelobe performance. The impact of the louver-shaped DGS on the amplitude and phase of each port in the power divider within the feeding network is analyzed, and a 16-channel feeding network incorporating the louver-shaped DGS has been designed, fabricated, and then measured. The test results indicate that the performance of the line-feeding network is effectively improved by designing and adjusting the louver-shaped DGS. Through the debugging procedure, the amplitude deviation of the feeding network has been reduced from ±0.45 dB to ±0.2 dB, while the phase deviation of the feeding network has been reduced from ±8° to ±2.5°, and the maximum value of the first sidelobe has been reduced from −24.2 dB to −28.1 dB.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Prithivirajan, Mariya Princy Antony Saviour, J. Seetha, B. Siva Kumar Reddy, Anand Anbalagan, D. Rajesh Kumar
A small, orthogonally polarized, ultra-wideband (UWB), four-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) printed antenna is presented in this study. The envisioned antenna is built up of four microstrip fractal-based circular patch elements, each of which is fed by a microstrip line with a 50-ohm impedance. The use of a defective ground plane allows for the ultra-wideband frequency response to be obtained. In order to achieve maximal isolation, the amount of surface current that flow between the antenna’s four components is limited by arranging radiating elements orthogonally. The four-port MIMO system is printed on a FR4 substrate with a loss tangent of 0.02 and an overall dimension of 20 × 30 × 1.6 mm3. A port-to-port isolation of less than 25 dB was achieved as a consequence of this orthogonal orientation of antenna elements, and the impedance bandwidth is achieved up to 158% (3.1–12 GHz). The suggested ultra-wideband multiple-input multiple-output (UWB-MIMO) antenna achieved a maximum gain of 8 dBi over the operational frequency range (3.1–12 GHz); the findings that were measured and those that were simulated accord with one another rather well. The findings also give an overall strong diversity performance, with the ECC < 0.25, DG > 9.9, and CCL < 0.2 values all being within acceptable ranges.
{"title":"A Compact Highly Isolated Four-Element Antenna System for Ultra-Wideband Applications","authors":"V. Prithivirajan, Mariya Princy Antony Saviour, J. Seetha, B. Siva Kumar Reddy, Anand Anbalagan, D. Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1155/2024/3153057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3153057","url":null,"abstract":"A small, orthogonally polarized, ultra-wideband (UWB), four-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) printed antenna is presented in this study. The envisioned antenna is built up of four microstrip fractal-based circular patch elements, each of which is fed by a microstrip line with a 50-ohm impedance. The use of a defective ground plane allows for the ultra-wideband frequency response to be obtained. In order to achieve maximal isolation, the amount of surface current that flow between the antenna’s four components is limited by arranging radiating elements orthogonally. The four-port MIMO system is printed on a FR4 substrate with a loss tangent of 0.02 and an overall dimension of 20 × 30 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. A port-to-port isolation of less than 25 dB was achieved as a consequence of this orthogonal orientation of antenna elements, and the impedance bandwidth is achieved up to 158% (3.1–12 GHz). The suggested ultra-wideband multiple-input multiple-output (UWB-MIMO) antenna achieved a maximum gain of 8 dBi over the operational frequency range (3.1–12 GHz); the findings that were measured and those that were simulated accord with one another rather well. The findings also give an overall strong diversity performance, with the ECC < 0.25, DG > 9.9, and CCL < 0.2 values all being within acceptable ranges.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140173069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple phase error criterion (PEC-)-based adaptive algorithm for estimating the frequency of a complex sinusoidal signal in additive white Gaussian and impulsive noises is proposed. The proposed technique makes use of the instantaneous phase response of a first-order complex linear predictor (CLP) as a driving function to update the frequency parameter of the CLP. The proposed PEC is attractive due to its simplicity and high impulsive noise robustness. Theoretical analysis for the mean value of the estimated frequency and the steady-state mean square error (MSE) of the frequency estimate are derived in closed forms. Computer simulations are drawn to show the performance of the proposed frequency estimator.
{"title":"Phase Error Criterion Based Adaptive Algorithm for Frequency Estimation","authors":"Prayuth Inban, Rachu Punchalard, Chawalit Benjangkaprasert","doi":"10.1155/2024/9055869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9055869","url":null,"abstract":"A simple phase error criterion (PEC-)-based adaptive algorithm for estimating the frequency of a complex sinusoidal signal in additive white Gaussian and impulsive noises is proposed. The proposed technique makes use of the instantaneous phase response of a first-order complex linear predictor (CLP) as a driving function to update the frequency parameter of the CLP. The proposed PEC is attractive due to its simplicity and high impulsive noise robustness. Theoretical analysis for the mean value of the estimated frequency and the steady-state mean square error (MSE) of the frequency estimate are derived in closed forms. Computer simulations are drawn to show the performance of the proposed frequency estimator.","PeriodicalId":54392,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140154321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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