Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.008
Yoojung Kwon, Kyunghee Choi
A recent study by Ascic et al. demonstrates that in situ reprogramming of tumor cells into conventional dendritic cell (cDC)-like cells using viral-PIB transcription factors creates an immunogenic tumor microenvironment with T cell recruitment and activation. The study highlights the potential of tumor-specific cancer immunotherapy using in vivo reprogrammed cDCs.
{"title":"Enhancing tumor immunity via in vivo cDC1 reprogramming.","authors":"Yoojung Kwon, Kyunghee Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent study by Ascic et al. demonstrates that in situ reprogramming of tumor cells into conventional dendritic cell (cDC)-like cells using viral-PIB transcription factors creates an immunogenic tumor microenvironment with T cell recruitment and activation. The study highlights the potential of tumor-specific cancer immunotherapy using in vivo reprogrammed cDCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"934-936"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.003
Duncan B Sutherland, Lucia M Kato, Sidonia Fagarasan
The recent discovery by Lu and colleagues of Tomasiella immunophila, a bacterium that degrades IgA, offers insights into microbial influences on mucosal immunity and evolutionary immune trade-offs. By modulating IgA titers, T. immunophila influences the dynamic interactions and balance between the host and pathogen. This has implications for immune health, microbiome research, and therapeutics.
Lu 及其同事最近发现了一种能降解 IgA 的细菌 Tomasiella immunophila,这为了解微生物对粘膜免疫的影响以及进化过程中的免疫权衡提供了启示。通过调节 IgA 滴度,嗜免疫球菌影响了宿主和病原体之间的动态互动和平衡。这对免疫健康、微生物组研究和治疗都有影响。
{"title":"Breaking down IgA: Tomasiella immunophila enlightens microbiome-immune interactions.","authors":"Duncan B Sutherland, Lucia M Kato, Sidonia Fagarasan","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent discovery by Lu and colleagues of Tomasiella immunophila, a bacterium that degrades IgA, offers insights into microbial influences on mucosal immunity and evolutionary immune trade-offs. By modulating IgA titers, T. immunophila influences the dynamic interactions and balance between the host and pathogen. This has implications for immune health, microbiome research, and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"928-930"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.007
Christopher D Johnston, Jennifer A Wargo
In the battle against cancer, researchers are exploring the use of engineered bacteria as living medicines. Redenti and colleagues demonstrate that Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) can be engineered to deliver cancer neoantigen payloads, stimulating antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and mediating antitumor immunity in preclinical models of colorectal cancer and melanoma.
{"title":"Engineering immunity: bacterial delivery of cancer neoantigen vaccines.","authors":"Christopher D Johnston, Jennifer A Wargo","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the battle against cancer, researchers are exploring the use of engineered bacteria as living medicines. Redenti and colleagues demonstrate that Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) can be engineered to deliver cancer neoantigen payloads, stimulating antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and mediating antitumor immunity in preclinical models of colorectal cancer and melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"931-933"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.003
Rosalie W M Kempkes, Rab K Prinjha, Menno P J de Winther, Annette E Neele
The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an established therapeutic target in cancer. PRC2 catalyzes methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and is known for maintaining eukaryote cell identity. Recent discoveries show that modulation of PRC2 not only impacts cell differentiation and tumor growth but also has immunomodulatory properties. Here, we integrate multiple immunological fields to understand PRC2 and its subunits in epigenetic canonical regulation and non-canonical mechanisms within innate immunity. We discuss how PRC2 regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, myeloid cell differentiation, and shapes innate immune responses. The PRC2 catalytic domain EZH2 is upregulated in various human inflammatory diseases and its deletion or inhibition in experimental mouse models can reduce disease severity, emphasizing its importance in regulating inflammation.
{"title":"Novel insights into the dynamic function of PRC2 in innate immunity.","authors":"Rosalie W M Kempkes, Rab K Prinjha, Menno P J de Winther, Annette E Neele","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an established therapeutic target in cancer. PRC2 catalyzes methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and is known for maintaining eukaryote cell identity. Recent discoveries show that modulation of PRC2 not only impacts cell differentiation and tumor growth but also has immunomodulatory properties. Here, we integrate multiple immunological fields to understand PRC2 and its subunits in epigenetic canonical regulation and non-canonical mechanisms within innate immunity. We discuss how PRC2 regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, myeloid cell differentiation, and shapes innate immune responses. The PRC2 catalytic domain EZH2 is upregulated in various human inflammatory diseases and its deletion or inhibition in experimental mouse models can reduce disease severity, emphasizing its importance in regulating inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1015-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) enables hosts to react to pathogens by monitoring few key cellular processes. ETI responses are assumed to be similar toward related pathogen effectors. However, recent evidence from the invertebrate model Caenorhabditis elegans and pore-forming toxins indicates a much more complex and specific ETI than previously anticipated.
{"title":"Unanticipated specificity in effector-triggered immunity.","authors":"Alejandra Zárate-Potes, Hinrich Schulenburg, Katja Dierking","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) enables hosts to react to pathogens by monitoring few key cellular processes. ETI responses are assumed to be similar toward related pathogen effectors. However, recent evidence from the invertebrate model Caenorhabditis elegans and pore-forming toxins indicates a much more complex and specific ETI than previously anticipated.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"939-942"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.004
Valentino D'Onofrio, Rafick Pierre Sékaly
Men are at higher risk for developing severe COVID-19 than women, while women are at higher risk for developing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This highlights the impact of sex differences on immune responses and clinical outcomes of acute COVID-19 or PASC. A dynamic immune-endocrine interface plays an important role in the development of effective immune responses impacting the control of viral infections. In this opinion article we discuss mechanisms underlying the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of immune responses by sex hormones during viral infections. We propose that disruption of this delicate immune-endocrine interplay can result in worsened outcomes of viral disease. We also posit that insights into these immune mechanisms can propel the development of novel immunomodulatory interventions that leverage immune-endocrine pathways to treat viral infections.
{"title":"The immune-endocrine interplay in sex differential responses to viral infection and COVID-19.","authors":"Valentino D'Onofrio, Rafick Pierre Sékaly","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Men are at higher risk for developing severe COVID-19 than women, while women are at higher risk for developing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This highlights the impact of sex differences on immune responses and clinical outcomes of acute COVID-19 or PASC. A dynamic immune-endocrine interface plays an important role in the development of effective immune responses impacting the control of viral infections. In this opinion article we discuss mechanisms underlying the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of immune responses by sex hormones during viral infections. We propose that disruption of this delicate immune-endocrine interplay can result in worsened outcomes of viral disease. We also posit that insights into these immune mechanisms can propel the development of novel immunomodulatory interventions that leverage immune-endocrine pathways to treat viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"943-958"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.005
Mohammed N Ullah, Nicholas R Rowan, Andrew P Lane
While primarily a sensory organ, the mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) also plays a critical role as an immune barrier. Mechanisms governing interactions between the immune system and this specialized chemosensory tissue are gaining interest, in part sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Regulated inflammation is intrinsic to normal mucosal healing and homeostasis, but prolonged OE inflammation is associated with persistent loss of smell, belying the intertwining of local mucosal immunology and olfactory function. Evidence supports bidirectional communication between OE cells and the immune system in health and disease. Recent investigations suggest that neuro-immune cross-talk modulates olfactory stem cell behavior and neuronal regeneration dynamics, prioritizing the epithelial-like non-neuronal framework with immune barrier function at the expense of the neurosensory organ in chronic inflammation.
{"title":"Neuroimmune interactions in the olfactory epithelium: maintaining a sensory organ at an immune barrier interface.","authors":"Mohammed N Ullah, Nicholas R Rowan, Andrew P Lane","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While primarily a sensory organ, the mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) also plays a critical role as an immune barrier. Mechanisms governing interactions between the immune system and this specialized chemosensory tissue are gaining interest, in part sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Regulated inflammation is intrinsic to normal mucosal healing and homeostasis, but prolonged OE inflammation is associated with persistent loss of smell, belying the intertwining of local mucosal immunology and olfactory function. Evidence supports bidirectional communication between OE cells and the immune system in health and disease. Recent investigations suggest that neuro-immune cross-talk modulates olfactory stem cell behavior and neuronal regeneration dynamics, prioritizing the epithelial-like non-neuronal framework with immune barrier function at the expense of the neurosensory organ in chronic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"987-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.002
Alexandra Tabachnikova, Akiko Iwasaki
Innate immune cells that are epigenetically reprogrammed by infection can modify host responses to subsequent infections. Lercher et al. have identified epigenetic reprogramming of murine airway-resident macrophages following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, conferring protection from pathology and lethality following secondary influenza A virus (IAV) challenge without reducing viral titers.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 reprograms murine alveolar macrophages to dampen flu.","authors":"Alexandra Tabachnikova, Akiko Iwasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Innate immune cells that are epigenetically reprogrammed by infection can modify host responses to subsequent infections. Lercher et al. have identified epigenetic reprogramming of murine airway-resident macrophages following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, conferring protection from pathology and lethality following secondary influenza A virus (IAV) challenge without reducing viral titers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"925-927"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.007
Ravi Bharadwaj, Swati Jaiswal, Neal Silverman
Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are pivotal for maintaining cellular homeostasis by transporting small molecules across cellular membranes. Recent discoveries have uncovered their involvement in modulating innate immunity, particularly within the cytosol. We review emerging evidence that links SLC transporters to cytosolic innate immune recognition and highlight their role in regulating inflammation. We explore how SLC transporters influence the activation of endosomal Toll-like receptors, cytosolic NODs, and STING sensors. Understanding the contribution of SLCs to innate immune recognition provides insight into their fundamental biological functions and opens new avenues to develop possible therapeutic interventions for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review aims to discuss current knowledge and identify key gaps in this rapidly evolving field.
{"title":"Cytosolic delivery of innate immune agonists.","authors":"Ravi Bharadwaj, Swati Jaiswal, Neal Silverman","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are pivotal for maintaining cellular homeostasis by transporting small molecules across cellular membranes. Recent discoveries have uncovered their involvement in modulating innate immunity, particularly within the cytosol. We review emerging evidence that links SLC transporters to cytosolic innate immune recognition and highlight their role in regulating inflammation. We explore how SLC transporters influence the activation of endosomal Toll-like receptors, cytosolic NODs, and STING sensors. Understanding the contribution of SLCs to innate immune recognition provides insight into their fundamental biological functions and opens new avenues to develop possible therapeutic interventions for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review aims to discuss current knowledge and identify key gaps in this rapidly evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1001-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.006
C J E Metcalf, B Koskella
Following on from the discovery that innate immune pathways are shared widely across the tree of life comes another surprise: Hobbs et al. show that viruses targeting animals and bacteria also use highly conserved tools to fight back. Why such mechanisms remain seemingly unchanged despite the rapid coevolution among hosts and pathogens is now a key open question for the field.
{"title":"Weapon of choice: viruses share cross-kingdom tools.","authors":"C J E Metcalf, B Koskella","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following on from the discovery that innate immune pathways are shared widely across the tree of life comes another surprise: Hobbs et al. show that viruses targeting animals and bacteria also use highly conserved tools to fight back. Why such mechanisms remain seemingly unchanged despite the rapid coevolution among hosts and pathogens is now a key open question for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"937-938"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}