Transportation Research Part B-Methodological最新文献

{"title":"Mixed connected autonomous and human-driven vehicular traffic: Single-lane stochastic capacity modeling by incorporating heterogeneous and random headways","authors":"Fang Zhang,&nbsp;Hao Guan,&nbsp;Xiangdong Chen,&nbsp;Qiang Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capacity improvement has been widely recognized as one of the major benefits brought by the emerging connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology, as CAVs are able to maintain shorter headways in the traffic stream. Nevertheless, the penetration of CAVs also increases the heterogeneity of headway configuration and raises additional challenges in modeling the traffic capacity. This study aims to model the stochasticity of the single-lane highway capacity for the mixed traffic consisting of both CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs), with consideration of heterogeneity (i.e., distinctness of headway types) and randomness (i.e., variability within each type of headway) of headways in the mixed traffic. To this end, we propose a unified analytical approach based on the phase-type distributions, considering the effects of CAV platooning and two kinds of conservative driving modes. Concretely, we model the mixed traffic fleet as a platooned arrival process, featured by three components including the vehicular platoon size distribution, the intra-platoon headway distribution, and the inter-platoon headway distribution. These types of distributions are formulated in phase-type form (PH-distribution), and then coupled together to develop a Markovian arrival process. Upon exploiting the statistical properties of the developed Markovian arrival process, we analytically derive the mean and variance of single-lane capacity under mixed traffic conditions. The PH-distributions of headways are calibrated using real-world vehicle trajectory data, and Monte Carlo simulations are performed to validate the proposed approach. Numerical analyses are carried out to examine the impact of traffic conditions on the stochasticity. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, we extend the scenario to a two-lane road and conduct reliability-based lane policy analysis under different CAV penetration rates and risk-averse attitudes of the road manager. Numerical results indicate that optimal lane policies with reliability considered differ substantially from those in the risk-neutral case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103348"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging cooperative connected automated vehicles for mixed traffic safety","authors":"Chenguang Zhao ,&nbsp;Tamas G. Molnar ,&nbsp;Huan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is expected to reduce congestion, enhance safety, and improve traffic efficiency. Numerous research studies have focused on controlling pure CAV platoons in fully connected automated traffic, as well as single or multiple CAVs in mixed traffic with human-driven vehicles (HVs). While cruise control designs for CAVs have been proposed to stabilize car-following dynamics, few studies have addressed their impact on safety, particularly the trade-offs between stability and safety. In this paper, we study how cooperative control strategies for CAVs can be designed to enhance the safety and stability of mixed traffic, under various levels of connectivity and automation. Considering mixed traffic where a pair of CAVs travels amongst HVs, we design cruise control strategies for the head and the tail CAVs to stabilize traffic via cooperation and, possibly, by also leveraging connectivity with HVs in-between. We introduce the definition of CAV safety, HV safety, and platoon safety, and investigate the real-time safety impact of the CAV controllers using control barrier functions (CBFs). Safety-critical control strategies are then derived by incorporating CBF safety constraints for online computation. Both theoretical and extensive numerical analysis have been conducted to explore the effect of CAV cooperation and HV connectivity on the stability and safety of mixed traffic. The cooperative strategy for CAV control improves stability, and potential safety issues are successfully resolved with the proposed safety-critical design. Moreover, connecting CAVs with the HVs between them offers additional benefits: if HVs are connected to the tail CAV, traffic stability is further improved compared to when they are connected only to the head CAV; whereas if HVs are connected to the head CAV, their safety can be enhanced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103352"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data collection, weighting, and modeling techniques to estimate consistent population parameters","authors":"Dale Robbennolt ,&nbsp;Ram M. Pendyala ,&nbsp;Chandra R. Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empirical research studies regularly encounter sampling-related challenges that can impact the validity and reliability of model estimation results. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the implications of nonrandom sampling for estimator consistency and asymptotic efficiency. Through theoretical and simulation-backed support, we underscore the importance of adopting appropriate sampling and estimation methods in two broad scenarios. First, we demonstrate that achieving range variation in exogenous variables, rather than strict population representativeness, is crucial for estimating individual-level causal relationships when sampling is based only on observed exogenous variables. Second, we investigate the efficacy of weighting approaches when sampling is endogenous and use a joint modeling approach to accommodate unobserved self-selection effects where traditional weighting approaches prove inadequate. Our proposed approach accommodates unobserved correlations and successfully recovers true population parameters when the joint distribution of exogenous variables in the population is known. The methodology also shows improved performance compared to existing methods even when only the population marginal distribution of exogenous variables is available. Notably, our simulation experiments extend beyond the conventional linear regression framework to include binary outcomes, providing crucial insights for nonlinear choice modeling applications. The findings underscore the importance of carefully considering sampling mechanisms and their implications for model estimation, while offering practical guidance for researchers facing various sampling-related challenges in empirical studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103349"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated demand-side management and timetabling for an urban rail transit line: A Benders decomposition approach","authors":"Lixing Yang ,&nbsp;Yahan Lu ,&nbsp;Jiateng Yin ,&nbsp;Shadi Sharif Azadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intelligent upgrading of metropolitan rail transit systems has made it feasible to implement demand-side management policies that integrate multiple operational strategies in practical operations. However, the tight interdependence between supply and demand necessitates a coordinated approach combining demand-side management policies and supply-side resource allocations to enhance the urban rail transit ecosystem. In this study, we propose a mathematical and computational framework that optimizes train timetables, passenger flow control strategies, and trip-shifting plans through the pricing policy. Our framework incorporates an emerging trip-booking approach that transforms waiting at the stations into waiting at home, thereby mitigating station overcrowding. Additionally, it ensures service fairness by maintaining an equitable likelihood of delays across different stations. We formulate the problem as an integer linear programming model, aiming to minimize passengers’ waiting time and government subsidies required to offset revenue losses from fare discounts used to encourage trip shifting. To improve the computational efficiency, we develop a Benders decomposition-based algorithm within the branch-and-cut method, which decomposes the model into train timetabling with partial passenger assignment and passenger flow control subproblems. We propose valid inequalities based on our model’s properties to strengthen the linear relaxation bounds at each node of the branch-and-bound tree. Computational results from proof-of-concept and real-world case studies on the Beijing metro show that our solution method outperforms commercial solvers in terms of computational efficiency. We can obtain high-quality solutions, including optimal ones, at the root node with reduced branching requirements thanks to our novel decomposition framework and valid inequalities. Our integrated optimization approach reduces the fleet size for operators by at least 8.33 % and decreases the waiting time of passengers on the tested instances, thereby validating the effectiveness of our proposed methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-to-many stable matching for integrating ridesharing and public transit on a Mobility-as-a-Service platform","authors":"Yating Wu ,&nbsp;Minghui Lai ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motivated by the practices of SocialCar project, we study the integration of one-to-many peer-to-peer ridesharing and public transit for a Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) platform in the morning commute setting. Drivers and riders can be flexibly matched through either a first-mile or last-mile connection but not both simultaneously. However, MaaS is essentially a decentralized user-centric system, which is challenging to operate since both service providers and travelers are self-interested. We adopt the concept of two-sided stable matching and formulate the decentralized planning problem as an integer program that typically includes an extremely large number of matches and complex stability constraints. The problem is further complicated by the possible nonexistence of a one-to-many stable matching. We propose two new algorithmic frameworks based on column-and-row-generation methods to efficiently check the existence of stable matching or determine an ϵ-stable matching as a relaxed solution for practical application. We test our algorithms with a real-world case study and show that our algorithms are computationally efficient and can generate a small value of ϵ for relaxed stability. Extensive computational experiments also reveal various new managerial insights into match selections, users’ detours and utilities, stability deviations, public transit utilization, the effects of pricing schemes, and the significance of stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103353"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating freight transport into first-and-last-mile ridesharing services with modular autonomous vehicles","authors":"Bo Sun ,&nbsp;Bin Yu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modular autonomous vehicles (MAVs), which can be physically connected as a platooned MAV (PMAV) with flexible capacities and cost savings, are widely recognized as effective solutions for shared mobility services. Motivated by this potential, this study investigates a novel first-and-last-mile ridesharing problem with integrated freight requests to address imbalanced demands and reduce overall operational costs simultaneously. To preserve service quality and passenger acceptance, we incorporate mechanisms for passenger requests to specify their willingness to share rides with freight. Due to the separable advantage of a PMAV fleet, passengers and freight can be appropriately allocated to adaptable MAVs in a PMAV by respecting passengers’ travel requirements. To address the problem mathematically, we adopt it as a route-based set-covering (RSC) model. A column generation algorithm is applied to solve the linear relaxation of RSC, and an improved bidirectional label setting algorithm is employed to efficiently tackle multiple pricing subproblems for finding boosted columns. To obtain high-quality integer solutions, an exact branch-and-price (BP) method is finally utilized. To accelerate the labeling process, we design a tailored ranking technique to eliminate symmetrical labels and an enhanced dominance rule to prevent redundant computations. Furthermore, to handle large-scale cases, we develop an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) metaheuristic, strengthened by a problem-specific MAV matching strategy. Extensive computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods for finding high-quality solutions in realistic instances from Singapore. The results reveal that the implemented solution can reduce total operational costs by 53.67% in comparison with separate passenger and freight transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103337"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fill rate oriented scheduling policy for integrated ore terminal order acceptance and berth allocation","authors":"Zhendi Gao,&nbsp;Mingjun Ji,&nbsp;Jinpeng Liang,&nbsp;Lingrui Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conflicts between mining enterprises and third-party terminals have driven the emergence of vertically integrated mine-to-port supply chains, where single operators control both mining and port operations. This paper addresses the resulting integrated decision-making problem that combines order acceptance with berth allocation under multiple constraints. Operators must strategically choose between long-term contract orders and high-margin spot orders while maintaining customer loyalty, and simultaneously create feasible berthing schedules considering vessel heterogeneity, berth limitations, ship-loader capacity, mine production rates, and stockyard inventories. We use fill rate—the proportion of demand satisfied on time—as the primary service quality metric. We formulate a mixed-integer linear programming model to maximize profit subject to fill-rate and operational constraints. Our solution approach transforms this into an attainability problem within a rolling horizon framework, using profit targets and asymptotic theory to determine feasibility boundaries for joint profit and fill-rate objectives. This enables development of an adaptive adjustment algorithm for long-term terminal operations. Computational experiments demonstrate our method’s efficiency, scheduling approximately 5000 vessels across 52 planning periods in under 6 mins. Our analysis provides both simulation-based and theoretical insights for terminal design, revealing a critical profit-maximization paradox: aggressively pursuing high-margin spot orders can reduce overall profitability when service penalties and demurrage costs are considered. This finding challenges conventional wisdom and emphasizes the importance of integrated decision-making in mine-to-port supply chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103336"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic drone routing problem with uncertain demand and energy consumption","authors":"Guilherme O. Chagas ,&nbsp;Leandro C. Coelho ,&nbsp;Demetrio Laganà ,&nbsp;Patrizia Beraldi","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work addresses a drone routing problem with an identical fleet performing same-day deliveries in a dynamic and uncertain environment. We model the problem as a Markov Decision Process to capture the stochastic nature of customer demand and the uncertainty in energy consumption due to varying payloads and weather conditions. To tackle this problem, we propose an approximate dynamic algorithm that integrates routing planning, drone usage, and battery management. Uncertainty in energy consumption is dealt with the chance constraints ensuring that drone trips are completed safely, preventing premature returns to the depot. The proposed approach features a cost function approximation policy that accounts for a restricted number of trips to be assigned to drones. This ensures that the drones are ready at the depot to fulfill new requests that may arise during the day. Extensive computational experiments on 300 instances validate the effectiveness of our method, demonstrating its superiority over a myopic strategy, a policy function approximation approach, and an oracle method, thus highlighting its potential for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103335"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward mobility incentive: Integrating green service and carbon inclusion scheme into the ride-hailing market","authors":"Wei Tang ,&nbsp;Xiqun (Michael) Chen ,&nbsp;Der-Horng Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing individual responsibility for reducing emissions is a potentially effective way to address mobility sustainability issues. In recent years, the carbon inclusion scheme has been widely implemented to incentivize individual low-carbon travel behaviors. Motivated by the practice, this paper examines the ride-hailing market that integrates the green service with the carbon inclusion scheme to comprehend how the government-led carbon inclusion scheme affects the operation of the ride-hailing market and the prospects of reducing carbon emissions and promoting electrification. We propose two product strategies for the ride-hailing platform: (a) One-product strategy with mixed service provided by electric vehicles (EVs) and fuel vehicles (FVs); and (b) Differentiated-product strategy with green service provided by EVs and basic service provided by FVs. We also consider the significant differences in adopting electric buses in different countries/regions when discussing the impact of carbon inclusion on the ride-hailing market. Our findings indicate that without government-led carbon inclusion, it is more appropriate for the ride-hailing platform to adopt the one-product strategy. With government-led carbon inclusion, when the electrification rate of external public transportation is not very high, and the carbon incentive is high enough, the platform can improve its profit by adopting the differentiated-product strategy. Considering the platform's profit maximization decisions, our analysis also highlights that when the electrification rate of the external option is low and the carbon incentive is high, the impact of the carbon inclusion scheme on the ride-hailing market is better in all aspects, which is a win-win outcome that the ride-hailing platform, drivers, and the government would all like (if the government wants to see better driver welfare, electrification and carbon reduction in the ride-hailing market). Additionally, increasing the potential number of EVs in the ride-hailing market and the total number of drivers makes sense both for the platform (to gain higher profits) and government (which may be concerned about increasing driver welfare, the electrification rate and total carbon reduction of the ride-hailing market). The gained managerial insights provide decision support for the platform operating differentiated services and the government implementing carbon inclusion schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear oscillatory response of automated vehicle car-following: Theoretical analysis with traffic state and control input limits","authors":"Sixu Li,&nbsp;Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trb.2025.103315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a framework grounded in the theory of describing function (DF) and incremental-input DF to theoretically analyze the nonlinear oscillatory response of automated vehicles (AVs) car-following (CF) amidst traffic oscillations, considering the limits of traffic state and control input. While prevailing approaches largely ignore these limits (i.e., saturation of acceleration/deceleration and speed) and focus on linear string stability analysis, this framework establishes a basis for theoretically analyzing the frequency response of AV systems with nonlinearities imposed by these limits. To this end, trajectories of CF pairs are decomposed into nominal and oscillatory trajectories, subsequently, the controlled AV system is repositioned within the oscillatory trajectory coordinates. Built on this base, DFs are employed to approximate the frequency responses of nonlinear saturation components by using their first harmonic output, thereby capturing the associated amplification ratio and phase shift. Considering the closed-loop nature of AV control systems, where system states and control input mutually influence each other, amplification ratios and phase shifts are balanced within the loop to ensure consistency. This balancing process may render multiple solutions, hence the incremental-input DF is further applied to identify the reasonable ones. The proposed method is validated by estimations from Simulink, and further comparisons with prevailing methods are conducted. Results confirm the alignment of our framework with Simulink results and exhibit its superior accuracy in analysis compared to the prevailing methods. Furthermore, the framework proves valuable in string stability analysis, especially when conventional linear methods offer misleading insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54418,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part B-Methodological","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}