Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.32011/txjsci_71_1_Article10
John H. Gresham, B. Wyatt, J. Crawford
The development of the trigonometric functions in introductory texts usually follows geometric constructions using right triangles or the unit circle. While these methods are satisfactory at the elementary level, advanced mathematics demands a more rigorous approach. Our purpose here is to revisit elementary trigonometry from an entirely analytic perspective. We will give a comprehensive treatment of the sine and cosine functions and will show how to derive the familiar theorems of trigonometry without reference to geometric definitions or constructions. Supplemental material is available for this article online.
{"title":"ESSENTIAL TRIGONOMETRY WITHOUT GEOMETRY","authors":"John H. Gresham, B. Wyatt, J. Crawford","doi":"10.32011/txjsci_71_1_Article10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/txjsci_71_1_Article10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of the trigonometric functions in introductory texts usually follows geometric constructions using right triangles or the unit circle. While these methods are satisfactory at the elementary level, advanced mathematics demands a more rigorous approach. Our purpose here is to revisit elementary trigonometry from an entirely analytic perspective. We will give a comprehensive treatment of the sine and cosine functions and will show how to derive the familiar theorems of trigonometry without reference to geometric definitions or constructions.\u0000 Supplemental material is available for this article online.","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47687075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_NOTE3
Eland J. Hansler, Tara P. Hansler, Jon Baskin
{"title":"A SIMPLER STRATEGY FOR LIVE-TRAPPING POCKET GOPHERS (RODENTIA: GEOMYIDAE)","authors":"Eland J. Hansler, Tara P. Hansler, Jon Baskin","doi":"10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_NOTE3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_NOTE3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43576455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_ARTICLE3
K. Treviño, D. Starkey
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the A horizon (topsoil) exhibits stratification across two depths, 1 cm and 4 cm. Two sites in San Antonio, TX, were chosen to address this question. The first was on the campus of the University of the Incarnate Word. The second was adjacent to the university in the Headwaters Sanctuary. At each locality, soil samples were analyzed in order to examine the morphological diversity of bacteria across site and depth. Preliminary results suggest that the bacterial biodiversity is different when depths are considered as a single entity versus individually. These finding have implications for investigations into soil biodiversity and suggest that in order to gain an accurate estimate of bacterial biodiversity in topsoil multiple depths within this layer of soil should be examined.
{"title":"STRATIFICATION IN TOPSOIL: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL BIODIVERSITY AT TWO SITES IN SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS","authors":"K. Treviño, D. Starkey","doi":"10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_ARTICLE3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_ARTICLE3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this study was to determine whether the A horizon (topsoil) exhibits stratification across two depths, 1 cm and 4 cm. Two sites in San Antonio, TX, were chosen to address this question. The first was on the campus of the University of the Incarnate Word. The second was adjacent to the university in the Headwaters Sanctuary. At each locality, soil samples were analyzed in order to examine the morphological diversity of bacteria across site and depth. Preliminary results suggest that the bacterial biodiversity is different when depths are considered as a single entity versus individually. These finding have implications for investigations into soil biodiversity and suggest that in order to gain an accurate estimate of bacterial biodiversity in topsoil multiple depths within this layer of soil should be examined.","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45666401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.32011/txjsci_71_1_note4
S. Goldberg, C. Bursey, L. Grismer
{"title":"ENDOPARASITES IN THE THREE-BANDED LARUT SKINK, LARUTIA TRIFASCIATA (SQUAMATA: SCINCIDAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA","authors":"S. Goldberg, C. Bursey, L. Grismer","doi":"10.32011/txjsci_71_1_note4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/txjsci_71_1_note4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.32011/txjsci_71_1_note5
L. Saucedo, R. Roacho, K. Pannell
{"title":"THE BLACK AND WHITE OF BODIPY FLUORESCENT DYES","authors":"L. Saucedo, R. Roacho, K. Pannell","doi":"10.32011/txjsci_71_1_note5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/txjsci_71_1_note5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44446774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_ARTICLE1
Adrian A. Medellin, Russell L. Minton
Ventridens demissus is one of over 2,000 species of land snail in the United States and Canada. Like other zonitid snails, the species is small (10 mm in width) with a thin shell; its distribution ranges from the Appalachians to the southwestern Gulf Coast. Like many land snails, little is known about the biology of V. demissus, and its conservation status remains unstudied. Using a population from Seabrook, Texas, the morphology, reproductive behavior, and gut microbes of V. demissus were described in order to broaden the understanding of this land snail species' life history. Shell morphology data were consistent with those reported previously, while the mean shell required 4.6 N to crush. Reproductive behavior was witnessed between a single pair of individuals, who simultaneously probed one another with their dart apparatuses. In the laboratory, V. demissus laid over 300 small (1.5 mm) eggs, and the growth of twenty hatchlings was followed for at least ten weeks. Gut microbes were dominated by Mycoplasma, Paenibacillus, and enteric groups. These data fill in existing gaps regarding the biology of V. demissus. Future studies on the species should include additional populations from across its range, controlled breeding and rearing experiments, and finer-scaled microbial analysis to distinguish between natural gut flora and ingested microbes.
{"title":"LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF THE PERFORATE DOME SNAIL, VENTRIDENS DEMISSUS (BINNEY, 1843) (GASTROPODA: ZONITIDAE), FROM SEABROOK, TEXAS","authors":"Adrian A. Medellin, Russell L. Minton","doi":"10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_ARTICLE1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_ARTICLE1","url":null,"abstract":"Ventridens demissus is one of over 2,000 species of land snail in the United States and Canada. Like other zonitid snails, the species is small (10 mm in width) with a thin shell; its distribution ranges from the Appalachians to the southwestern Gulf Coast. Like many land snails, little is known about the biology of V. demissus, and its conservation status remains unstudied. Using a population from Seabrook, Texas, the morphology, reproductive behavior, and gut microbes of V. demissus were described in order to broaden the understanding of this land snail species' life history. Shell morphology data were consistent with those reported previously, while the mean shell required 4.6 N to crush. Reproductive behavior was witnessed between a single pair of individuals, who simultaneously probed one another with their dart apparatuses. In the laboratory, V. demissus laid over 300 small (1.5 mm) eggs, and the growth of twenty hatchlings was followed for at least ten weeks. Gut microbes were dominated by Mycoplasma, Paenibacillus, and enteric groups. These data fill in existing gaps regarding the biology of V. demissus. Future studies on the species should include additional populations from across its range, controlled breeding and rearing experiments, and finer-scaled microbial analysis to distinguish between natural gut flora and ingested microbes.","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69517715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_NOTE1
S. Gorton, J. Hutchinson
{"title":"SUMMER ACOUSTIC MONITORING OF BAT ACTIVITY IN CIBOLO PRESERVE","authors":"S. Gorton, J. Hutchinson","doi":"10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_NOTE1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/TXJSCI_71_1_NOTE1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43204761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.32011/txjsci_71_1_article7
K. A. Hopkins, D. A. Gravatt
Seed germination requirements for S. alata were investigated using cold stratification and phytohormones. Treatments included no stratification (control), two week, three week, four week, five week, and six week cold stratification. Hormone treatments included no stratification with cytokinin, no stratification with gibberellins, no stratification with cytokinin and gibberellins, no stratification with auxin, and one with six week stratification with abscisic acid. Three weeks cold stratification was required to yield a significant increase in percent germination. Gibberellin was the only hormone which caused a significant increase in germination in S. alata seeds.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF COLD STRATIFICATION AND HORMONES ON SEED GERMINATION OF SARRACENIA ALATA","authors":"K. A. Hopkins, D. A. Gravatt","doi":"10.32011/txjsci_71_1_article7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/txjsci_71_1_article7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Seed germination requirements for S. alata were investigated using cold stratification and phytohormones. Treatments included no stratification (control), two week, three week, four week, five week, and six week cold stratification. Hormone treatments included no stratification with cytokinin, no stratification with gibberellins, no stratification with cytokinin and gibberellins, no stratification with auxin, and one with six week stratification with abscisic acid. Three weeks cold stratification was required to yield a significant increase in percent germination. Gibberellin was the only hormone which caused a significant increase in germination in S. alata seeds.","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44306780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE2
J. Hunt, K. Davis, M. Sanderford
Salination of freshwater (FW) bodies has the potential to affect homeostatic regulation of osmotic and volume balance in FW organisms. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in volume balance by maintaining blood pressure in marine and seawater acclimated euryhaline fish, but little is known about the RAS in FW adapted fish. The purpose of the present study was to first determine if the FW channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), demonstrates evidence of a functional RAS. Channel catfish (n = 6) were implanted with a catheter in the dorsal aorta to measure dorsal aortic pressure (PDA) and infuse drugs. Infusion of [Asn1,Val5,Asn9]-angiotensin I (ANGI) at 100, 400, and 1000 ng/kg significantly increased PDA in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, Captopril (CAP), essentially eliminated the pressor response to the highest dose of ANGI (P < 0.05). Finally, infusion of 400 ng/kg [Asn1,Val5]-angiotensin II (ANGII) significantly increased PDA from baseline (P < 0.05). The results suggest that channel catfish appear to have an operational RAS and may serve as a suitable model in which to study the role of ANGII in blood pressure regulation in FW adapted fish.
{"title":"EVIDENCE OF A FUNCTIONAL RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN THE CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS)","authors":"J. Hunt, K. Davis, M. Sanderford","doi":"10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Salination of freshwater (FW) bodies has the potential to affect homeostatic regulation of osmotic and volume balance in FW organisms. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in volume balance by maintaining blood pressure in marine and seawater acclimated euryhaline fish, but little is known about the RAS in FW adapted fish. The purpose of the present study was to first determine if the FW channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), demonstrates evidence of a functional RAS. Channel catfish (n = 6) were implanted with a catheter in the dorsal aorta to measure dorsal aortic pressure (PDA) and infuse drugs. Infusion of [Asn1,Val5,Asn9]-angiotensin I (ANGI) at 100, 400, and 1000 ng/kg significantly increased PDA in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, Captopril (CAP), essentially eliminated the pressor response to the highest dose of ANGI (P < 0.05). Finally, infusion of 400 ng/kg [Asn1,Val5]-angiotensin II (ANGII) significantly increased PDA from baseline (P < 0.05). The results suggest that channel catfish appear to have an operational RAS and may serve as a suitable model in which to study the role of ANGII in blood pressure regulation in FW adapted fish.","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE6
Joseph T. Mannozzi, Victoria J. Filbert, W. Mackay, D. Fulford, C. Steele
Escherichia coli, Listeria spp. and Salmonella typhimurium are common food pathogens and responsible for frequent and widespread outbreaks of foodborne illness annually. This study examines the potential of radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) as a food decontamination technology through its reduction of inoculations of these bacteria on representative food items (apples, cantaloupes, and spinach). RCI exposure resulted in ≥99% reduction in the recovery of these bacteria within a 90-min exposure, with two exceptions (E. coli and S. typhimurium inoculated on cantaloupe: 94% reduction; 88% reduction, respectively). When E. coli, L. innocua and S. typhimurium were inoculated onto apple slices, the percentages remaining after exposure to RCI for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min were: 100, 2, 0, 0; 100, 30, 9, 0.01; and 100, 21, 0.004, 0.02, respectively. When E. coli, L. innocua and S. typhimurium were inoculated onto the rough outer skin of cantaloupes, the percentages remaining after exposure to RCI for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min were: 100, 19, 15, 6; 100, 9, 10, 1; and 100, 24, 22, 12, respectively. When E. coli, L. innocua and S. typhimurium were inoculated onto spinach leaves, the percentages remaining after exposure to RCI for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min were: 100, 16, 0.001, 0.002; 100, 19, 11, 0.005; and 100, 0.007, 0, 0, respectively (SE = ± 0.1 maximum). These results indicate that RCI is an effective technology for reducing foodborne pathogens.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF RADIANT CATALYTIC IONIZATION IN REDUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI, LISTERIA INNOCUA AND SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM ON REPRESENTATIVE FOOD CONTACT SURFACES","authors":"Joseph T. Mannozzi, Victoria J. Filbert, W. Mackay, D. Fulford, C. Steele","doi":"10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Escherichia coli, Listeria spp. and Salmonella typhimurium are common food pathogens and responsible for frequent and widespread outbreaks of foodborne illness annually. This study examines the potential of radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) as a food decontamination technology through its reduction of inoculations of these bacteria on representative food items (apples, cantaloupes, and spinach). RCI exposure resulted in ≥99% reduction in the recovery of these bacteria within a 90-min exposure, with two exceptions (E. coli and S. typhimurium inoculated on cantaloupe: 94% reduction; 88% reduction, respectively). When E. coli, L. innocua and S. typhimurium were inoculated onto apple slices, the percentages remaining after exposure to RCI for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min were: 100, 2, 0, 0; 100, 30, 9, 0.01; and 100, 21, 0.004, 0.02, respectively. When E. coli, L. innocua and S. typhimurium were inoculated onto the rough outer skin of cantaloupes, the percentages remaining after exposure to RCI for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min were: 100, 19, 15, 6; 100, 9, 10, 1; and 100, 24, 22, 12, respectively. When E. coli, L. innocua and S. typhimurium were inoculated onto spinach leaves, the percentages remaining after exposure to RCI for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min were: 100, 16, 0.001, 0.002; 100, 19, 11, 0.005; and 100, 0.007, 0, 0, respectively (SE = ± 0.1 maximum). These results indicate that RCI is an effective technology for reducing foodborne pathogens.","PeriodicalId":54431,"journal":{"name":"The Texas Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45609716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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