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PATTERNS OF GASTROPOD MOLLUSK PREDATION ON BIVALVE MOLLUSKS ALONG THE UPPER TEXAS GULF COAST 上德克萨斯海湾沿岸腹足类软体动物捕食双壳类软体动物的模式
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE5
S. Randolph, A. Maccarone
Predation on bivalve mollusks by gastropod mollusks is common in coastal regions of the United States; however, few previous studies have examined whether drilling gastropods exhibit prey selection. In 2016, shells with small holes drilled by as many as two gastropod predators were collected at three sites separated by 30 km along the Texas Upper Gulf Coast on the Bolivar Peninsula (29° 40′N, 94° 90′W). The likeliest predators in these waters are the southern oyster drill (Stramonita haemastoma Linnaeus 1767) and the moon snail (Neverita duplicate Say 1822). Collected shells were identified to species and measurements were taken to examine statistical relationships between predators and prey species. These measurements included drill-hole diameter, shell thickness, drill-hole completeness, number of drill attempts, and collection site. Across the three locations, 17 different species of shells with drill holes were collected; of these, we focused on the ten most abundant species (n = 277 shells). The sample showed high variation in drill-hole diameter, shell thickness, and drill-hole completeness. Both the total number of holes and mean drill-hole diameter differed significantly among prey species (ANOVA, both P < 0.0001). In addition, drill-hole diameter correlated directly with prey shell thickness (P < 0.0001). Shells whose drill holes were complete were significantly thinner than shells with incomplete holes (P < 0.0001). Mean prey shell thickness, mean drill-hole diameter, and mean number of drill holes all differed significantly by collection site (all P < 0.0001). Ecological and morphological implications related to gastropod predation on mollusks are discussed.
腹足纲软体动物对双壳类软体动物的捕食在美国沿海地区很常见;然而,以前很少有研究考察钻探腹足类是否表现出猎物选择。2016年,在玻利瓦尔半岛得克萨斯上湾沿岸相隔30公里的三个地点(29°40′N,94°90′W)采集到了多达两种腹足类食肉动物钻出的带有小孔的贝壳。这些水域中最有可能的捕食者是南部的牡蛎钻(Stramonita haemastoma Linnaeus 1767)和月蜗牛(Neverita replicate Say 1822)。收集的贝壳被鉴定为不同的物种,并进行测量以检查捕食者和猎物物种之间的统计关系。这些测量包括钻孔直径、外壳厚度、钻孔完整性、钻孔次数和采集地点。在这三个地点,收集了17种不同种类的有钻孔的贝壳;在这些物种中,我们重点研究了十种最丰富的物种(n=277个贝壳)。样品显示出钻孔直径、外壳厚度和钻孔完整性的高度变化。不同猎物的总孔数和平均钻孔直径均存在显著差异(ANOVA,均<0.0001)。此外,钻孔直径与猎物外壳厚度直接相关(P<0.0001)。钻孔完整的外壳明显比钻孔不完整的外壳薄(P<0.0001,和平均钻孔数量均因采集地点而异(均P<0.0001)。讨论了与腹足类捕食软体动物有关的生态和形态学意义。
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引用次数: 1
SEAGRASS MONITORING IN SAN ANTONIO BAY, TEXAS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT 德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥湾的海草监测及其管理意义
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE1
C. Hobson, A. Whisenant
As resource managers have become more aware of the ecosystem services provided by seagrasses (providing food, cycling nutrients, stabilizing sediments, etc.), the need to evaluate and monitor the condition of seagrass beds over time has become a conservation priority. In 2012, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) launched a pilot seagrass monitoring program designed to monitor changes in seagrass condition across coastal Texas. Given limited state resources, an ongoing monitoring plan needs to be feasible using existing staff and equipment in an efficient manner. As part of the pilot study, seagrass percent coverage and canopy height were measured at fifty stations in San Antonio Bay (the Guadalupe River estuary), Texas. Seagrass beds were monitored in early fall over three years (2012, 2014, and 2015) to capture peak above-ground biomass. Percent coverage of Halodule wrightii, the dominant seagrass species in San Antonio Bay, decreased significantly over time, as did canopy height. Two other seagrass species, Halophila engelmannii and Ruppia maritima, were documented at lower frequencies in the bay during the study. Higher occurrence of Ruppia maritima in the third and final year of the study may have been linked to reduced bay salinities.
随着资源管理者越来越了解海草提供的生态系统服务(提供食物、循环营养、稳定沉积物等),随着时间的推移,评估和监测海草床状况的必要性已成为保护的优先事项。2012年,德克萨斯州公园和野生动物部(TPWD)启动了一项海草监测试点项目,旨在监测德克萨斯州沿海海草状况的变化。鉴于国家资源有限,需要以有效的方式利用现有工作人员和设备,制定一项持续的监测计划。作为试点研究的一部分,在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥湾(瓜达卢佩河河口)的50个站点测量了海草覆盖率和冠层高度。在三年(2012年、2014年和2015年)的初秋,对海草床进行了监测,以捕捉地上生物量的峰值。圣安东尼奥湾的优势海草Halodule wrightii的覆盖率随着时间的推移显著下降,树冠高度也显著下降。在研究期间,海湾中记录到另外两种海草,Halophila engelmanini和Ruppia maritima,频率较低。在研究的第三年也是最后一年,Ruppia maritima的发生率较高,可能与海湾盐度降低有关。
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引用次数: 1
PORIFERAN ABUNDANCE IS NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH CORAL HEALTH IN THE MESOAMERICAN REEF 中美洲珊瑚礁中的孢子虫数量与珊瑚健康呈负相关
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE7
MacKenzie L. Kroll, Bobby A. Rodriguez, Andrea C. Edie, K. Phelps, Donna E. Hamilton, S. Randell, Stephanie A. Lockwood
The Mesoamerican Reef is the second largest coral reef in the world and has experienced a 50% loss of coral coverage in recent decades. Due to the high biodiversity of marine life that depend on the Mesoamerican Reef, identifying drivers of coral loss is crucial. This study was designed to assess the relationship between the presence of yellow band disease (YBD) and white plague type-II (WPII) on stony corals with environmental (water depth) and biological stressors (abundance of sponges in close proximity) in the reef surrounding the Bay Islands, Honduras. Both radial and parallel transect survey techniques were used to quantify the abundance of seven sponge species within a one-meter radius of Orbicella species and Montastraea cavernsoa. The strongest predictor of coral health was the abundance of Callyspongia plicifera, followed by Svenzea zeai, in close proximity to diseased coral. A weak, but positive, correlation between poriferan abundance and the presence of disease lesions on coral was observed. However, no significant relationship of disease prevalence with water depth was observed. Additionally, no differences in the prevalence of disease lesions between four species of native stony corals were observed. These findings suggest coral species are equally susceptible to bacterial pathogens, but that close association with poriferans may increase the transmission and persistence of harmful bacteria in coral reef ecosystems.
中美洲珊瑚礁是世界上第二大珊瑚礁,近几十年来珊瑚覆盖率下降了50%。由于依赖中美洲珊瑚礁的海洋生物的高度生物多样性,确定珊瑚损失的驱动因素至关重要。本研究旨在评估洪都拉斯海湾群岛周围珊瑚礁中石珊瑚黄带病(YBD)和ii型白鼠疫(WPII)的存在与环境(水深)和生物压力(近距离海绵丰度)之间的关系。采用径向和平行样带调查技术,定量分析了在Orbicella和Montastraea cavernsoa 1 m半径范围内7种海绵的丰度。珊瑚健康的最强预测因子是有丰富的水母(Callyspongia plicifera),其次是靠近患病珊瑚的斑纹水母(Svenzea zeai)。观察到多孔体丰度与珊瑚上的病变存在微弱但正的相关性。然而,没有观察到疾病患病率与水深有显著关系。此外,在四种原生石珊瑚之间,没有观察到疾病病变的患病率差异。这些发现表明,珊瑚物种同样容易受到细菌病原体的影响,但与多孔体的密切联系可能会增加珊瑚礁生态系统中有害细菌的传播和持久性。
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引用次数: 1
SOIL CONTAMINANT SAMPLING RESULTS FROM LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE'S BOCA CHICA TRACT, CAMERON COUNTY, TEXAS 德克萨斯州卡梅伦县下里奥格兰德谷国家野生动物保护区博卡-奇卡地区土壤污染物采样结果
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/txjsci_70_1_note2
Christopher J. Perez, J. Downey
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引用次数: 0
YEAR-ROUND BRIDGE COLONY OF MEXICAN FREE-TAILED BATS (TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS MEXICANA) IN TRANS-PECOS TEXAS 德克萨斯州跨佩科斯地区墨西哥无尾蝙蝠的一年四季桥群
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE4
S. Kasper, F. Yancey
Mexican Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) from a bridge colony in Big Bend Ranch State Park, Presidio County, Texas were followed over two natal seasons sand two winters. For the period of this study, the bridge was being utilized as a maternity roost with a number of the young of the summer overwintering in each of the two winters examined. The site also was used by nonreproductive adult males during spring and summer. Adult bats left the bridge roost by mid-to-late summer, leaving only young of the summer at the bridge to exploit roost and local resources through the fall and winter. Young of the summer being left at the maternity roost to overwinter is a novel behavior for T. b. mexicana. Sex-and age-specific segregation of bats is inferred within the bridge roost.
墨西哥自由尾蝙蝠(Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana)来自德克萨斯州普雷斯蒂奥县大弯牧场州立公园的一个桥梁群落,在两个出生季节和两个冬天被跟踪。在这项研究期间,这座桥被用作母巢,在两个冬天的每一个冬天都有许多夏季的幼崽越冬。春季和夏季,非繁殖性成年雄性也会使用该网站。成年蝙蝠在夏中下旬离开了大桥栖息地,只留下夏季的幼蝙蝠在秋冬季节在大桥上开发栖息地和当地资源。夏天的幼崽被留在产窝里越冬,这对墨西哥T.b.来说是一种新奇的行为。根据推测,蝙蝠在桥栖地内的性别和年龄分离。
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引用次数: 5
REPRODUCTION IN THE CAPE REGION WHIPTAIL ASPIDOSCELIS TIGRIS MAXIMUS (SQUAMATA: TEIIDAE) FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO 开普地区的繁殖:墨西哥下加利福尼亚地区的鞭尾蜘蛛(鳞目:虎蛛科)
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_NOTE1
S. Goldberg, Clark R. Mahrdt
Stephen R. Goldberg1* and Clark R. Mahrdt2 1Whittier College, Department of Biology, Whittier, California 90608 2San Diego Natural History Museum, Department of Herpetology 1788 El Prado, San Diego, California 92101 *Corresponding author; Email: sgoldberg@whittier.edu ––––––––––––––––––––––––– The Western Whiptail, Aspidoscelis tigris is currently recognized as a polytypic species and comprises nine subspecies in Baja California, Mexico (Grismer 2002). The endemic Cape Region Whiptail, Aspidoscelis tigris maximus occurs throughout the arid tropical region of the Cape Region of Baja California Sur. Asplund (1967) previously reported on the reproduction of A. t. maximus (as Cnemidophorus maximus Cope, 1864) for the month of August during the summer rainfall season in the Cape Region. The purpose of this study is to provide additional information on the reproductive cycle of A. tigris from the Cape Region, Baja California Sur, Mexico utilizing a histological examination of gonadal material from museum specimens, a method often used to avoid removing additional specimens from a population. The minimum sizes for reproduction of males and females are provided.
Stephen R.Goldberg1*和Clark R.Mahrdt2希捷学院生物系,加利福尼亚州惠蒂尔90608 2圣地亚哥自然历史博物馆爬虫学系1788 El Prado,加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥92101*通讯作者;电子邮件:sgoldberg@whittier.edu––––-–––--–––—–––——–––西鞭尾虎Aspidoscelis tigris目前被认为是一种多型物种,在墨西哥下加利福尼亚州包括九个亚种(Grismer 2002)。地方性的开普省虎斑病(Aspidoscelis tigris maximus)发生在南下加利福尼亚开普省干旱的热带地区。Asplund(1967)先前报道了在开普省夏季降雨季节的8月份,A.t.maximus(如Cnemidophorus maximus Cope,1864)的繁殖。本研究的目的是利用博物馆标本中性腺物质的组织学检查,提供关于墨西哥南下加利福尼亚州开普地区虎繁殖周期的额外信息,这种方法通常用于避免从种群中移除额外的标本。提供了雄性和雌性繁殖的最小尺寸。
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引用次数: 0
COUNTY RECORDS AND MAJOR RANGE EXTENSIONS FOR VASCULAR PLANTS FROM THE WEST CROSS TIMBERS IN ERATH COUNTY, TEXAS 得克萨斯州erath县维管植物的县记录和主要范围扩展
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_ARTICLE3
T. Cotton, A. Nelson
Floristic data for Erath County, Texas, is unknown or limited. In this investigation plants were collected from 35 sites in Erath County from September 2003 to April 2008. Plants were identified and categorized based on the following status: introduced, endemic, threatened, and endangered species, as well as county records and major range extensions. One hundred and nineteen new county records were recorded for Erath County. Sixty five species were major range extensions, occurring greater than one county away from the border of Erath County. Twenty-six species were introduced while 93 species were native. Six of the native species were endemic to Texas, with Penstemon guadalupensis classified as endemic to north-central Texas and the Edwards Plateau. There were no rare, threatened, or endangered plants found. Convolvulus arvensis was the only noxious weed found, being state-listed as a noxious species.
德克萨斯州埃拉斯县的植物区系数据是未知或有限的。本调查于2003年9月至2008年4月在Erath县35个地点采集植物。根据引种、特有种、受威胁种、濒危种、县域记录和主要范围扩展情况对植物进行了鉴定和分类。伊拉斯县创造了一百十九项新的县记录。65种是主要的范围扩展,发生在距离伊拉斯县边界超过一个县的地方。引进物种26种,本地物种93种。本地种中有6种为德州特有种,其中瓜达卢普彭属德州中北部和爱德华兹高原特有种。没有发现稀有、受威胁或濒临灭绝的植物。卷尾草是唯一发现的有毒杂草,被国家列为有毒物种。
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引用次数: 1
POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FALL BREEDING OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY (DANAUS PLEXIPPUS) IN THE ROLLING PLAINS ECOREGION OF WEST TEXAS 西德克萨斯起伏平原生态地区黑脉金斑蝶秋季繁殖的潜在意义
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_NOTE4
M. Brym, C. Henry, R. Kendall
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引用次数: 4
RANGE EXPANSION OF THE NORTHERN PYGMY MOUSE (BAIOMYS TAYLORI) INTO EASTERN NEW MEXICO 北侏儒鼠(BAIOMYS TAYLORI)向新墨西哥州东部的活动范围扩大
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.32011/TXJSCI_70_1_NOTE3
Keith Geluso, K. Geluso
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引用次数: 0
In vitro Digestability of Fall Forages by Coexisting Deer Species in Texas 德克萨斯州共存鹿种对秋季牧草体外消化率的研究
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2782-3_112
James J. Jackley, S. Demarais, L. Varner, T. Barnes
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引用次数: 6
期刊
The Texas Journal of Science
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