Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.3402/TELLUSB.V59I5.17061
A. Lindroth, M. Lund, M. Nilsson, M. Aurela, T. Christensen, T. Laurila, J. Rinne, T. Riutta, Jörgen Sagerfors, L. Ström, J. Tuovinen, T. Vesala
{"title":"Environmental controls on the CO2exchange in north European mires","authors":"A. Lindroth, M. Lund, M. Nilsson, M. Aurela, T. Christensen, T. Laurila, J. Rinne, T. Riutta, Jörgen Sagerfors, L. Ström, J. Tuovinen, T. Vesala","doi":"10.3402/TELLUSB.V59I5.17061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/TELLUSB.V59I5.17061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75030764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0889.2006.00247.X
F. Touratier, L. Azouzi, C. Goyet
Since anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations in the ocean cannot be measured, it is very difficult to assess the accuracy of the various estimates. Until now, only comparisons among the various approaches and hypotheses have been used to estimate the uncertainties of the results. Here we use three measured anthropogenic tracers (CFC-11, Δ 14 C and 3 H) to assess the relevance of three estimates of anthropogenic CO 2 distributions based upon very different hypotheses. In order to focus this work on the correlations among tracers and estimates of anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations in the ocean, we chose as an example the data set from the WOCE I1 cruise (Indian Ocean; 1995), since it included data from the three tracers as well as data of the carbonate/CO 2 properties. This choice further allows us to use the published results of anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations using both the ΔC* and MIX approaches. Using four properties (total dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and potential temperature) of this data set, we also estimated the distribution of anthropogenic CO 2 using the recent TrOCA approach. The results of correlations of anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations with the anthropogenic tracers 3 H, CFC-11 and Δ 14 C, indicate that these correlations are significantly higher when anthropogenic CO 2 is estimated using either the MIX or the TrOCA approaches than using the ΔC* approach. Based upon these results and the easiness to use the simple TrOCA approach we propose to use this method to unravel the distribution of anthropogenic carbon in the Ocean. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00247.x
{"title":"CFC‐11, Δ14C and 3H tracers as a means to assess anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean","authors":"F. Touratier, L. Azouzi, C. Goyet","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0889.2006.00247.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0889.2006.00247.X","url":null,"abstract":"Since anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations in the ocean cannot be measured, it is very difficult to assess the accuracy of the various estimates. Until now, only comparisons among the various approaches and hypotheses have been used to estimate the uncertainties of the results. Here we use three measured anthropogenic tracers (CFC-11, Δ 14 C and 3 H) to assess the relevance of three estimates of anthropogenic CO 2 distributions based upon very different hypotheses. In order to focus this work on the correlations among tracers and estimates of anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations in the ocean, we chose as an example the data set from the WOCE I1 cruise (Indian Ocean; 1995), since it included data from the three tracers as well as data of the carbonate/CO 2 properties. This choice further allows us to use the published results of anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations using both the ΔC* and MIX approaches. Using four properties (total dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and potential temperature) of this data set, we also estimated the distribution of anthropogenic CO 2 using the recent TrOCA approach. The results of correlations of anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations with the anthropogenic tracers 3 H, CFC-11 and Δ 14 C, indicate that these correlations are significantly higher when anthropogenic CO 2 is estimated using either the MIX or the TrOCA approaches than using the ΔC* approach. Based upon these results and the easiness to use the simple TrOCA approach we propose to use this method to unravel the distribution of anthropogenic carbon in the Ocean. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00247.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"50 1","pages":"318-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77618504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0889.2006.00246.X
B. Guillaume, C. Liousse, R. Rosset, H. Cachier, P. Velthoven, B. Bessagnet, N. Poisson
Few global aerosol models deal with size differentiated inorganic/organic particles. Among them, still fewer ones explicitly treat secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In this context, we have coupled the global chemistry-transport model (CTM) TM4 (Van Velthoven et al., 1996) and the aerosol sectional model ORISAM (ORganic and Inorganic Sectional Aerosol Model, Bessagnet et al., 2002). This new aerosol model ORISAM-TM4 can accommodate aerosol size distributions with a variable number of diameter sections (bins) between 0.04 mu m and over 10 mu m and detailed organic/inorganic chemistry coupled with optional gas schemes. Two model versions are presented: a tracer version and a fully detailed eight-bin version with SOA formation. Focus is made on carbonaceous BC (black carbon) and OC (organic carbon) aerosols. First, significant developments both in ORISAM and in TM4 are discussed in line with the incorporation of updated emission inventories of BC and primary OC (OCp). Then, general comparisons are made between simulated BC and OC concentrations in air and precipitation against worldwide measurements. Also for BC, sensitivity tests using different updated fossil fuel emission inventories are focused over Europe, where emission controls make great strides. The tracer version appears generally satisfactory for BC mostly at background and remote sites, but not for total OC. For this latter, quite significant improvements result from the incorporation of SOA formation in ORISAM-TM4, instead of estimating OC as being simply proportional to OCp, as done in most existing models. Conclusions and prospects are then given.
{"title":"ORISAM-TM4: a new global sectional multi-component aerosol model including SOA formation - Focus on carbonaceous BC and OC aerosols","authors":"B. Guillaume, C. Liousse, R. Rosset, H. Cachier, P. Velthoven, B. Bessagnet, N. Poisson","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0889.2006.00246.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0889.2006.00246.X","url":null,"abstract":"Few global aerosol models deal with size differentiated inorganic/organic particles. Among them, still fewer ones explicitly treat secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In this context, we have coupled the global chemistry-transport model (CTM) TM4 (Van Velthoven et al., 1996) and the aerosol sectional model ORISAM (ORganic and Inorganic Sectional Aerosol Model, Bessagnet et al., 2002). This new aerosol model ORISAM-TM4 can accommodate aerosol size distributions with a variable number of diameter sections (bins) between 0.04 mu m and over 10 mu m and detailed organic/inorganic chemistry coupled with optional gas schemes. Two model versions are presented: a tracer version and a fully detailed eight-bin version with SOA formation. Focus is made on carbonaceous BC (black carbon) and OC (organic carbon) aerosols. First, significant developments both in ORISAM and in TM4 are discussed in line with the incorporation of updated emission inventories of BC and primary OC (OCp). Then, general comparisons are made between simulated BC and OC concentrations in air and precipitation against worldwide measurements. Also for BC, sensitivity tests using different updated fossil fuel emission inventories are focused over Europe, where emission controls make great strides. The tracer version appears generally satisfactory for BC mostly at background and remote sites, but not for total OC. For this latter, quite significant improvements result from the incorporation of SOA formation in ORISAM-TM4, instead of estimating OC as being simply proportional to OCp, as done in most existing models. Conclusions and prospects are then given.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"1 1","pages":"283-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90885184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.3402/TELLUSB.V58I5.17007
G. Bala, K. Caldeira, A. Mirin, M. Wickett, C. Delire, T. Phillips
{"title":"Biogeophysical effects of CO2fertilization on global climate","authors":"G. Bala, K. Caldeira, A. Mirin, M. Wickett, C. Delire, T. Phillips","doi":"10.3402/TELLUSB.V58I5.17007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/TELLUSB.V58I5.17007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86113781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-02-01DOI: 10.3402/TELLUSB.V58I1.16801
H. Rodhe, H. Lejenäs
Tellus has decided to introduce the service OnlineEarly. It is a service that has been added to the Online Journals service known as Synergy. The purpose is to electronically publish complete and final articles before they are printed in the paper versions of Tellus. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00174.x
{"title":"Tellus introduces the service OnlineEarly","authors":"H. Rodhe, H. Lejenäs","doi":"10.3402/TELLUSB.V58I1.16801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/TELLUSB.V58I1.16801","url":null,"abstract":"Tellus has decided to introduce the service OnlineEarly. It is a service that has been added to the Online Journals service known as Synergy. The purpose is to electronically publish complete and final articles before they are printed in the paper versions of Tellus. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00174.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73925773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0889.2005.00141.X
P. Liss, A. Chuck, D. Bakker, S. Turner
It is well known that iron fertilization can increase primary production and hence CO 2 drawdown over a significant fraction of the oceans. What is less well established is the extent to which this leads to long-term sequestration of carbon to the deep oceans, and to feedbacks to the atmosphere arising from increased biological activity. In this note results for changes in trace gas concentrations during an iron addition experiment in the Southern Ocean are presented. They demonstrate that a complex situation exists; some gases (DMS, CH 3 I, CHBr 2 Cl) show increases in concentration following fertilization with iron while others show no change (CH 3 ONO 2 , CH 2 ClI) or even a decrease (CHBr 3 ). The concomitant effects on air–sea fluxes of these gases are potentially important for climate and atmospheric composition. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00141.x
{"title":"Ocean fertilization with iron : effects on climate and air quality","authors":"P. Liss, A. Chuck, D. Bakker, S. Turner","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0889.2005.00141.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0889.2005.00141.X","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that iron fertilization can increase primary production and hence CO 2 drawdown over a significant fraction of the oceans. What is less well established is the extent to which this leads to long-term sequestration of carbon to the deep oceans, and to feedbacks to the atmosphere arising from increased biological activity. In this note results for changes in trace gas concentrations during an iron addition experiment in the Southern Ocean are presented. They demonstrate that a complex situation exists; some gases (DMS, CH 3 I, CHBr 2 Cl) show increases in concentration following fertilization with iron while others show no change (CH 3 ONO 2 , CH 2 ClI) or even a decrease (CHBr 3 ). The concomitant effects on air–sea fluxes of these gases are potentially important for climate and atmospheric composition. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00141.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"42 1","pages":"269-271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77672601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0889.2005.00139.X
D. Woolf
Both experimental estimates and different parametrizations of the transfer velocity of poorly soluble gases exhibit a very broad range of values at a given wind speed. Transfer velocities also appear to depend non-linearly on wind speed, and for high wind speeds this non-linearity is widely attributed to the influence of wave breaking. Both theoretical and experimental studies suggest that wave breaking, and associated whitecapping, is not simply dependent on wind speed but depends also on sea state. New parametrizations of gas transfer velocity based on an existing model of the dependence of transfer velocity on wind stress and whitecapping, supplemented by two sea-state-dependent parametrizations of whitecapping, are developed. These new models predict a diversity of transfer velocities at a given wind speed comparable to the diversity of existing parametrizations. Further, the results suggest that some of the existing parametrizations of transfer velocity reflect in part the wind fetch and sea state typical of the experiments used as a basis of the parametrization. It is suggested that transfer velocities may be estimated much more accurately through satellite retrieval of both wind speed and significant wave height than by wind speed alone.
{"title":"Parametrization of gas transfer velocities and sea‐state‐dependent wave breaking","authors":"D. Woolf","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0889.2005.00139.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0889.2005.00139.X","url":null,"abstract":"Both experimental estimates and different parametrizations of the transfer velocity of poorly soluble gases exhibit a very broad range of values at a given wind speed. Transfer velocities also appear to depend non-linearly on wind speed, and for high wind speeds this non-linearity is widely attributed to the influence of wave breaking. Both theoretical and experimental studies suggest that wave breaking, and associated whitecapping, is not simply dependent on wind speed but depends also on sea state. New parametrizations of gas transfer velocity based on an existing model of the dependence of transfer velocity on wind stress and whitecapping, supplemented by two sea-state-dependent parametrizations of whitecapping, are developed. These new models predict a diversity of transfer velocities at a given wind speed comparable to the diversity of existing parametrizations. Further, the results suggest that some of the existing parametrizations of transfer velocity reflect in part the wind fetch and sea state typical of the experiments used as a basis of the parametrization. It is suggested that transfer velocities may be estimated much more accurately through satellite retrieval of both wind speed and significant wave height than by wind speed alone.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"2 3","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1600-0889.2005.00139.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72394807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-11-01DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00077.X
A. Gabric, R. Cropp, T. Hirst, H. Marchant
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a radiatively active trace gas produced by enzymatic cleavage of its precursor compound, dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is released by marine phytoplankton in the upper ocean. Once ventilated to the atmosphere, DMS is oxidised to form non-sea-salt sulfate and methane sulfonate (MSA) aerosols, which are a major source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in remote marine air and may thus play a role in climate regulation. Here we simulate the change in DMS flux in the Eastern Antarctic ocean from 1960–2086, corresponding to equivalent CO 2 tripling relative to pre-industrial levels. Calibration to contemporary climate conditions was carried out using a genetic algorithm to fit the model to surface chlorophyll from the 4-yr SeaWiFs satellite archive and surface DMS from an existing global database. Following the methodology used previously in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean, we then simulated DMS emissions under enhanced greenhouse conditions by forcing the DMS model with output from a coupled atmospheric–ocean general circulation model (GCM). The GCM was run in transient mode under the IPCC/IS92a radiative forcing scenario. By 2086, the change simulated in annual integrated DMS flux is around 20% in ice-free waters, with a greater increase of 45% in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ). Interestingly, the large increase in flux in the SIZ is not due to higher in situ production but mainly because of a loss of ice cover during summer–autumn and an increase in sea-to-air ventilation of DMS. These proportional changes in areal mean flux (25%) are much higher than previously estimated for the Subantarctic Southern Ocean (5%), and point to the possibility of a significant DMS–climate feedback at high Southern latitudes. Due to the nexus between ice cover and food-web structure, the potential for ecological community shifts under enhanced greenhouse conditions is high, and the implications for DMS production are discussed. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00077.x
{"title":"The sensitivity of dimethyl sulfide production to simulated climate change in the Eastern Antarctic Southern Ocean","authors":"A. Gabric, R. Cropp, T. Hirst, H. Marchant","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00077.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00077.X","url":null,"abstract":"Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a radiatively active trace gas produced by enzymatic cleavage of its precursor compound, dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is released by marine phytoplankton in the upper ocean. Once ventilated to the atmosphere, DMS is oxidised to form non-sea-salt sulfate and methane sulfonate (MSA) aerosols, which are a major source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in remote marine air and may thus play a role in climate regulation. Here we simulate the change in DMS flux in the Eastern Antarctic ocean from 1960–2086, corresponding to equivalent CO 2 tripling relative to pre-industrial levels. Calibration to contemporary climate conditions was carried out using a genetic algorithm to fit the model to surface chlorophyll from the 4-yr SeaWiFs satellite archive and surface DMS from an existing global database. Following the methodology used previously in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean, we then simulated DMS emissions under enhanced greenhouse conditions by forcing the DMS model with output from a coupled atmospheric–ocean general circulation model (GCM). The GCM was run in transient mode under the IPCC/IS92a radiative forcing scenario. By 2086, the change simulated in annual integrated DMS flux is around 20% in ice-free waters, with a greater increase of 45% in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ). Interestingly, the large increase in flux in the SIZ is not due to higher in situ production but mainly because of a loss of ice cover during summer–autumn and an increase in sea-to-air ventilation of DMS. These proportional changes in areal mean flux (25%) are much higher than previously estimated for the Subantarctic Southern Ocean (5%), and point to the possibility of a significant DMS–climate feedback at high Southern latitudes. Due to the nexus between ice cover and food-web structure, the potential for ecological community shifts under enhanced greenhouse conditions is high, and the implications for DMS production are discussed. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00077.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"25 1","pages":"966-981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77581009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-09-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1435-6935.2003.00082.X
H. Lejenäs, H. Rodhe
{"title":"EDITORIAL Tellus launches an electronic submission and peer‐review system","authors":"H. Lejenäs, H. Rodhe","doi":"10.1046/J.1435-6935.2003.00082.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1435-6935.2003.00082.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"10 Suppl 1 1","pages":"855-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88922783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00034.X
A. Johansson, Å. K. Klemedtsson, L. Klemedtsson, B. Svensson
Static chamber measurements of N 2 O fluxes were taken during the 1998 and 1999 growth seasons in a Swedish constructed wetland receiving wastewater. The dominating plant species in different parts of the wetland were Lemna minor L ., Typha latifolia L . , Spirogyra sp . and Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) and Phalaris arundinacea (L.), respectively. There were large temporal and spatial variations in N 2 O fluxes, which ranged from consumption at –350 to emissions at 1791 μg N 2 O m −2 h −1 . The largest positive flux occurred in October 1999 and the lowest in the middle of July 1999. The average N 2 O flux for the two years was 130 μg N 2 O m −2 h −1 (SD = 220). No significant differences in N 2 O fluxes were found between the years, even though the two growing seasons differed considerably with respect to both air temperature and precipitation. 15% of the fluxes were negative, showing a consumption of N 2 O. Consumption occurred on a few occasions at most measurement sites and ranged from 1–350 μg N 2 O m −2 h −1 . 13–43% of the variation in N 2 O fluxes was explained by multiple linear regression analysis including principal components. Emission factors were calculated according to IPCC methods from the N 2 O fluxes in the constructed wetland. The calculated emission factors were always lower (0.02–0.27%) compared to the default factor provided by the IPCC (0.75%). Thus, direct application of the IPCC default factor may lead to overestimation of N 2 O fluxes from constructed wastewater-treating wetlands. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00034.x
在1998年和1999年的生长季节，在瑞典一个接收废水的人工湿地中进行了氮氧通量的静态室测量。湿地不同区域的优势植物种类为小柠檬草(lena minor L .)、热带风叶(Typha latifolia L .)。水绵;分别为大甘油三酯(Hartm.)和蝴蝶兰(Phalaris arundinacea)。在-350 μg N 2o m−2 h−1的消耗和1791 μg N 2o m−2 h−1的排放之间存在较大的时空差异。1999年10月正通量最大，7月中旬最小。2年平均N 2o通量为130 μg N 2o m−2 h−1 (SD = 220)。尽管两个生长季节在气温和降水方面存在较大差异，但各年之间的氮氧通量没有显著差异。15%的通量是负的，表明在大多数测点都有氮的消耗，在1 - 350 μg N O m−2 h−1之间。含主成分的多元线性回归分析解释了氮氧通量变化的13-43%。根据IPCC的方法，从人工湿地的n2o通量计算排放因子。计算的排放因子始终低于IPCC提供的默认因子(0.75%)(0.02 ~ 0.27%)。因此，直接应用IPCC默认因子可能会导致高估人工污水处理湿地的氮氧通量。DOI: 10.1034 / j.1600-0889.2003.00034.x
{"title":"Nitrous oxide exchanges with the atmosphere of a constructed wetland treating wastewater Parameters and implications for emission factors","authors":"A. Johansson, Å. K. Klemedtsson, L. Klemedtsson, B. Svensson","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00034.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00034.X","url":null,"abstract":"Static chamber measurements of N 2 O fluxes were taken during the 1998 and 1999 growth seasons in a Swedish constructed wetland receiving wastewater. The dominating plant species in different parts of the wetland were Lemna minor L ., Typha latifolia L . , Spirogyra sp . and Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) and Phalaris arundinacea (L.), respectively. There were large temporal and spatial variations in N 2 O fluxes, which ranged from consumption at –350 to emissions at 1791 μg N 2 O m −2 h −1 . The largest positive flux occurred in October 1999 and the lowest in the middle of July 1999. The average N 2 O flux for the two years was 130 μg N 2 O m −2 h −1 (SD = 220). No significant differences in N 2 O fluxes were found between the years, even though the two growing seasons differed considerably with respect to both air temperature and precipitation. 15% of the fluxes were negative, showing a consumption of N 2 O. Consumption occurred on a few occasions at most measurement sites and ranged from 1–350 μg N 2 O m −2 h −1 . 13–43% of the variation in N 2 O fluxes was explained by multiple linear regression analysis including principal components. Emission factors were calculated according to IPCC methods from the N 2 O fluxes in the constructed wetland. The calculated emission factors were always lower (0.02–0.27%) compared to the default factor provided by the IPCC (0.75%). Thus, direct application of the IPCC default factor may lead to overestimation of N 2 O fluxes from constructed wastewater-treating wetlands. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00034.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"25 1","pages":"737-750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81712336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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