Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2030425
V. Steinmann, M. Ferrucci, C. A. Maya-Lastra
Serjania is among the largest Neotropical genera of Sapindaceae and comprises ∼240 species. Traditionally, the genus has been defined by its schizocarpic fruits separating into three distally winged mericarps. However, recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that fruit type is not consistent within the genus and that it also includes a few species having capsular fruits that were previously placed in other genera. A phylogenetic analysis is presented based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. The ingroup consisted of 48 species broadly sampled from across the geographic range and taxonomic spectrum of Serjania and focusing on species with atypical fruits. An ancestral character state reconstruction of fruit type was performed and demonstrated that the ancestral fruit type of the genus is strongly supported to be a schizocarp, but there are at least five independent derivations to capsular fruits and at least one transition back from capsules to schizocarps. Also, transitions from winged to wingless mericarps have occurred at least twice. Infrageneric classification is problematic and all of the sections that were represented by more than one species come out as poly- or paraphyletic. Our limited sample of taxa precludes the possibility of a new classification at present and a broader phylogenetic sample of the genus will be needed to understand relationships and determine which lineages warrant formal recognition. In addition to the phylogenetic study, Serjania frutescens, a new capsular-fruited species from Michoacán, Mexico, is described, illustrated, and compared with its putative closest relatives. A key is provided to differentiate this species from other Mexican Serjania with capsular fruits, and new synonymies and lectotypifications associated with capsular-fruited Serjania tortuosa and S. sonorensis are established. Phylogenetic results suggest that these two are cryptic species and at least superficially indistinguishable by morphology.
{"title":"Phylogenetics of Serjania (Sapindaceae-Paullinieae), with emphasis on fruit evolution and the description of a new species from Michoacán, Mexico","authors":"V. Steinmann, M. Ferrucci, C. A. Maya-Lastra","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2022.2030425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2030425","url":null,"abstract":"Serjania is among the largest Neotropical genera of Sapindaceae and comprises ∼240 species. Traditionally, the genus has been defined by its schizocarpic fruits separating into three distally winged mericarps. However, recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that fruit type is not consistent within the genus and that it also includes a few species having capsular fruits that were previously placed in other genera. A phylogenetic analysis is presented based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. The ingroup consisted of 48 species broadly sampled from across the geographic range and taxonomic spectrum of Serjania and focusing on species with atypical fruits. An ancestral character state reconstruction of fruit type was performed and demonstrated that the ancestral fruit type of the genus is strongly supported to be a schizocarp, but there are at least five independent derivations to capsular fruits and at least one transition back from capsules to schizocarps. Also, transitions from winged to wingless mericarps have occurred at least twice. Infrageneric classification is problematic and all of the sections that were represented by more than one species come out as poly- or paraphyletic. Our limited sample of taxa precludes the possibility of a new classification at present and a broader phylogenetic sample of the genus will be needed to understand relationships and determine which lineages warrant formal recognition. In addition to the phylogenetic study, Serjania frutescens, a new capsular-fruited species from Michoacán, Mexico, is described, illustrated, and compared with its putative closest relatives. A key is provided to differentiate this species from other Mexican Serjania with capsular fruits, and new synonymies and lectotypifications associated with capsular-fruited Serjania tortuosa and S. sonorensis are established. Phylogenetic results suggest that these two are cryptic species and at least superficially indistinguishable by morphology.","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41368812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2030424
Gabriela Cruz-Lustre, C. Castro, E. L. Borba, J. Batista
Habenaria sect. Micranthae is one of the 14 Neotropical sections of the genus and in its current delimitation, comprises 14 morphologically heterogeneous species. Previous phylogenetic analyses have shown that the section is polyphyletic, so that both the species composition and the morphological characterization of the section are undefined. Furthermore, among the species associated with the section, H. bahiensis has a long history of obscure taxonomic identity and H. gollmeri of undefined phylogenetic relationships. To revise the taxonomic and morphological circumscription of H. sect. Micranthae and clarify the identity of H. bahiensis and phylogenetic relationships of both these species, we collected fresh samples to generate new sequences of DNA markers (ETS, ITS, matK-trnK, and rps16-trnK), performed Bayesian and parsimony analyses, and reassessed morphological features. Based on our analyses, H. sect. Micranthae is re-circumscribed to include eight phylogenetically and morphologically related species, characterized by their sulcate viscidia. Our results indicate that H. gollmeri belongs to H. sect. Micranthae and to the H. parviflora clade. Because none of the samples collected or examined exactly matched the original description of H. bahiensis, the identity of this species remains elusive. Specimens from the Espinhaço mountain range, previously identified as H. bahiensis, represent a new species described here as H. abscondita. In addition, we lectotypified H. maderoi and H. moritzii and proposed the synonymization of this last species with H. armata.
{"title":"Phylogenetics and taxonomy of Habenaria sect. Micranthae (Orchidaceae), with the description of an overlooked new species from the Espinhaço mountain range, Eastern Brazil","authors":"Gabriela Cruz-Lustre, C. Castro, E. L. Borba, J. Batista","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2022.2030424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2030424","url":null,"abstract":"Habenaria sect. Micranthae is one of the 14 Neotropical sections of the genus and in its current delimitation, comprises 14 morphologically heterogeneous species. Previous phylogenetic analyses have shown that the section is polyphyletic, so that both the species composition and the morphological characterization of the section are undefined. Furthermore, among the species associated with the section, H. bahiensis has a long history of obscure taxonomic identity and H. gollmeri of undefined phylogenetic relationships. To revise the taxonomic and morphological circumscription of H. sect. Micranthae and clarify the identity of H. bahiensis and phylogenetic relationships of both these species, we collected fresh samples to generate new sequences of DNA markers (ETS, ITS, matK-trnK, and rps16-trnK), performed Bayesian and parsimony analyses, and reassessed morphological features. Based on our analyses, H. sect. Micranthae is re-circumscribed to include eight phylogenetically and morphologically related species, characterized by their sulcate viscidia. Our results indicate that H. gollmeri belongs to H. sect. Micranthae and to the H. parviflora clade. Because none of the samples collected or examined exactly matched the original description of H. bahiensis, the identity of this species remains elusive. Specimens from the Espinhaço mountain range, previously identified as H. bahiensis, represent a new species described here as H. abscondita. In addition, we lectotypified H. maderoi and H. moritzii and proposed the synonymization of this last species with H. armata.","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46480771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2039318
Fábio P. de Sá, Thais H. Condez, Mariana L. Lyra, C. Haddad, L. R. Malagoli
The Neotropical family Hylodidae comprises 46 currently recognized rheophilic Torrent frog species, today classified in the genera Crossodactylus, Hylodes, Megaelosia, and Phantasmarana, all endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Megaelosia and Phantasmarana are distributed along the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira mountain ranges, southeastern Brazil, and are the least speciose genera of the family, including all the mute giant hylodids. Megaelosia is a monotypic genus, whereas Phantasmarana comprises six currently recognized species: P. apuana, P. bocainensis, P. boticariana, P. jordanensis, P. lutzae, and P. massarti. Herein, we provide a taxonomic revision of these Giant Neotropical Torrent frogs, offering a comprehensively sampled species-level molecular phylogeny. By combining molecular and morphological data, we confirm that Megaelosia and Phantasmarana are valid genera. We provide diagnostic traits for both genera, redescribe the poorly known species P. jordanensis, and describe two new species from distinct localities at Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, P. curucutuensis sp. nov. and P. tamuia sp. nov., presenting details of adult and larval morphology, and notes on their natural history and behaviour. We further discuss systematic and taxonomic concerns, and evolutionary processes related to distribution, body sizes, and communication in the family Hylodidae. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:61EA0116-6FB9-44B8-A2CE-E99D7B887E8B http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:079339E6-C802-4B47-A3A3-9FA0D0FCA3D1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0EA22628-89E9-483B-AB90-F3F0D18E28F1
新热带蛙科包括46种目前公认的亲流性Torrent蛙，目前分为Crossodactylus属、Hylodes属、Megaelosia属和Phantasmarana属，均为大西洋森林的特有种。Megaelosia和Phantasmarana分布在巴西东南部的Serra do Mar和Serra da Mantiqueira山脉，是该科物种最少的属，包括所有的静音巨型hylodids。Megaelosia是一个单型属，而Phantasmarana包括六个目前公认的物种：P.apuana、P.bocainensis、P.boticariana、P.jordanensis、P.lutzae和P.massarti。在此，我们对这些巨型新热带洪流蛙进行了分类修订，提供了一个全面的物种级分子系统发育样本。通过结合分子和形态学数据，我们确认Megaelosia和Phantasmarana是有效的属。我们提供了这两个属的诊断特征，重新描述了鲜为人知的约丹P.jordanensis，并描述了来自Parque Estadial da Serra do Mar不同地区的两个新物种，P.curucutuensis sp.nov.和P.tamuia sp.nov..，介绍了成虫和幼虫形态的细节，并对它们的自然历史和行为进行了说明。我们进一步讨论了海狗科的系统和分类学问题，以及与分布、体型和交流有关的进化过程。http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:61EA0116-6FB9-44B8-A2CE-E99D7B887E8Bhttp://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:079339E6-C802-4B47-A3A3-9FA0D0FCA3D1http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0EA22628-89E9-483B-AB90-F3F0D18E28F1
{"title":"Unveiling the diversity of Giant Neotropical Torrent frogs (Hylodidae): phylogenetic relationships, morphology, and the description of two new species","authors":"Fábio P. de Sá, Thais H. Condez, Mariana L. Lyra, C. Haddad, L. R. Malagoli","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2022.2039318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2039318","url":null,"abstract":"The Neotropical family Hylodidae comprises 46 currently recognized rheophilic Torrent frog species, today classified in the genera Crossodactylus, Hylodes, Megaelosia, and Phantasmarana, all endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Megaelosia and Phantasmarana are distributed along the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira mountain ranges, southeastern Brazil, and are the least speciose genera of the family, including all the mute giant hylodids. Megaelosia is a monotypic genus, whereas Phantasmarana comprises six currently recognized species: P. apuana, P. bocainensis, P. boticariana, P. jordanensis, P. lutzae, and P. massarti. Herein, we provide a taxonomic revision of these Giant Neotropical Torrent frogs, offering a comprehensively sampled species-level molecular phylogeny. By combining molecular and morphological data, we confirm that Megaelosia and Phantasmarana are valid genera. We provide diagnostic traits for both genera, redescribe the poorly known species P. jordanensis, and describe two new species from distinct localities at Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, P. curucutuensis sp. nov. and P. tamuia sp. nov., presenting details of adult and larval morphology, and notes on their natural history and behaviour. We further discuss systematic and taxonomic concerns, and evolutionary processes related to distribution, body sizes, and communication in the family Hylodidae. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:61EA0116-6FB9-44B8-A2CE-E99D7B887E8B http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:079339E6-C802-4B47-A3A3-9FA0D0FCA3D1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0EA22628-89E9-483B-AB90-F3F0D18E28F1","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2039796
D. Alvares, A. Ferrari, Márcio Borges‐Martins
We assessed the geographic distribution of amphibians and reptiles occurring in the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion (USE) to find shared distribution patterns, in order to identify chorotypes which could inform the conflicting regionalization of the Pampa province. We compiled nearly 83,000 records of complete geographic distributions of the 58 species of amphibians and 86 species of reptiles with occurrence in the Uruguayan Savanna throughout South America. Endemicity analysis (NDM/VNDM) was implemented to identify shared geographic distribution patterns (chorotypes). We described general diversity patterns for the Uruguayan Savanna in terms of endemic species and the degree of species shared with other ecoregions. We have found five amphibians (anurans) and nine reptiles (six lizards, two amphisbaenians, and one snake) endemic to the USE, while most species from the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion are shared with other ecoregions. We recovered 38 consensus areas from 68 individual areas resulting in 17 chorotypes after implementing a metaconsensus cluster analysis. Our results indicate a complex pattern of shared geographic distributions between Uruguayan Savanna and adjacent biogeographical units. The limits of the ecoregion coincided with some chorotypes, however, the traditional limits of the Pampa did not align with any chorotype. The tropical affinity of the USE was supported by both the number of species shared with Alto Paraná Atlantic forests, and the pattern of chorotype recovered. Species that occur in temperate pampa and the USE were widely distributed in other ecoregions.
{"title":"Geographic distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles from the Uruguayan Savanna","authors":"D. Alvares, A. Ferrari, Márcio Borges‐Martins","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2022.2039796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2039796","url":null,"abstract":"We assessed the geographic distribution of amphibians and reptiles occurring in the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion (USE) to find shared distribution patterns, in order to identify chorotypes which could inform the conflicting regionalization of the Pampa province. We compiled nearly 83,000 records of complete geographic distributions of the 58 species of amphibians and 86 species of reptiles with occurrence in the Uruguayan Savanna throughout South America. Endemicity analysis (NDM/VNDM) was implemented to identify shared geographic distribution patterns (chorotypes). We described general diversity patterns for the Uruguayan Savanna in terms of endemic species and the degree of species shared with other ecoregions. We have found five amphibians (anurans) and nine reptiles (six lizards, two amphisbaenians, and one snake) endemic to the USE, while most species from the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion are shared with other ecoregions. We recovered 38 consensus areas from 68 individual areas resulting in 17 chorotypes after implementing a metaconsensus cluster analysis. Our results indicate a complex pattern of shared geographic distributions between Uruguayan Savanna and adjacent biogeographical units. The limits of the ecoregion coincided with some chorotypes, however, the traditional limits of the Pampa did not align with any chorotype. The tropical affinity of the USE was supported by both the number of species shared with Alto Paraná Atlantic forests, and the pattern of chorotype recovered. Species that occur in temperate pampa and the USE were widely distributed in other ecoregions.","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41799045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2039317
Miquéias Ferrão, Romildo Augusto de Souza, O. Colatreli, J. Hanken, A. Lima
Recent studies have showed that several species of frogs previously thought to be widespread throughout Amazonia are species complexes with each individual species displaying smaller geographic ranges and that only a small fraction of Amazonian frogs are indeed widely distributed. Evaluating cryptic diversity within these complexes and describing associated candidate species are crucial for biological conservation, especially in regions where tropical forest is rapidly vanishing such as in southern Amazonia. In this study, we integrate mitochondrial (16S rRNA), morphological, bioacoustic and breeding behaviour data to investigate whether populations of the leaf-litter toad Rhinella castaneotica–proboscidea complex are conspecific as suggested by former studies. Our molecular analysis recovered five main clades in this complex whose geographic distributions are likely limited by geographic barriers. Morphological, bioacoustic and breeding behaviour data support the heterospecificity of three of them. The names R. proboscidea sensu stricto and R. castaneotica sensu stricto are applied to the populations from central and eastern Amazonia, respectively. The population from south-western Amazonia is described herein as a new species. It differs from other members of the R. margaritifera species group by its snout–vent length (35.7–45.2 mm in males and 38.3–52.1 mm in females), poorly developed supratympanic crests, dorsal skin smooth in males and granular in females, and advertisement call with average call duration of 285 ± 28 ms, 11 ± 1 notes, last note duration of 41 ± 10 ms and dominant frequency of 1,810 ± 220 Hz. Moreover, males of the new species vocalize while aggregated in temporary ponds unconnected to streams and do not exhibit necrophilic behaviour. South-western Amazonia is one of the Amazonian regions most threatened by forest loss and the formal description of new species adds impetus to support conservation strategies. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F14DC28-DD0C-498C-B27D-113264EBE7CE2F0A
{"title":"Hidden in the litter: cryptic diversity of the leaf-litter toad Rhinella castaneotica–proboscidea complex revealed through integrative taxonomy, with description of a new species from south-western Amazonia","authors":"Miquéias Ferrão, Romildo Augusto de Souza, O. Colatreli, J. Hanken, A. Lima","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2022.2039317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2039317","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have showed that several species of frogs previously thought to be widespread throughout Amazonia are species complexes with each individual species displaying smaller geographic ranges and that only a small fraction of Amazonian frogs are indeed widely distributed. Evaluating cryptic diversity within these complexes and describing associated candidate species are crucial for biological conservation, especially in regions where tropical forest is rapidly vanishing such as in southern Amazonia. In this study, we integrate mitochondrial (16S rRNA), morphological, bioacoustic and breeding behaviour data to investigate whether populations of the leaf-litter toad Rhinella castaneotica–proboscidea complex are conspecific as suggested by former studies. Our molecular analysis recovered five main clades in this complex whose geographic distributions are likely limited by geographic barriers. Morphological, bioacoustic and breeding behaviour data support the heterospecificity of three of them. The names R. proboscidea sensu stricto and R. castaneotica sensu stricto are applied to the populations from central and eastern Amazonia, respectively. The population from south-western Amazonia is described herein as a new species. It differs from other members of the R. margaritifera species group by its snout–vent length (35.7–45.2 mm in males and 38.3–52.1 mm in females), poorly developed supratympanic crests, dorsal skin smooth in males and granular in females, and advertisement call with average call duration of 285 ± 28 ms, 11 ± 1 notes, last note duration of 41 ± 10 ms and dominant frequency of 1,810 ± 220 Hz. Moreover, males of the new species vocalize while aggregated in temporary ponds unconnected to streams and do not exhibit necrophilic behaviour. South-western Amazonia is one of the Amazonian regions most threatened by forest loss and the formal description of new species adds impetus to support conservation strategies. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F14DC28-DD0C-498C-B27D-113264EBE7CE2F0A","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49461955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.2017060
Vannesa V. Catzim, M. Elías-Gutiérrez, G. Pérez‐Lachaud
Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are among the most familiar insects; many species are of economic importance, but their diversity in the tropics is poorly known. We aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the lady beetle fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula, particularly for Quintana Roo state. We used an integrative approach for species identification, comparing classical morphological identifications and quick automated methods for species delimitation using DNA barcode sequences. Through a literature review and a survey of lady beetles in gardens in Quintana Roo, we further provide an updated list of the species found on the Yucatan Peninsula. Out of the 40 species delimited in our study, 34 are new reports for the peninsula, and 36 are new for Quintana Roo state. Overall, 62 species of lady beetles are now recorded for the entire region, including three exotics: the invasive Harmonia axyridis, Chilocorus nigrita, and Delphastus catalinae. Our study also contributed to public reference libraries with 110 barcode sequences for the tropics belonging to 34 delineated species. We showed that cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) sequences can be useful for lady beetle species delimitation and that the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery algorithm (ABGD) was the best method, complementing the number of initially delineated morphospecies. The Barcode Index Number (BIN) approach overestimated seven putative species due to the splitting of conspecifics, while the ABGD method suggested two additional MOTUs at a prior intraspecific distance of 0.059. Combined molecular and morphological data in our study revealed one additional putative species of Diomus, initially considered a tentative colour variation. Our study exemplifies how molecular methods paired with classical taxonomy can efficiently assist in delineating species when descriptions and identification keys are unavailable and highlights the possible great richness of coccinellid species awaiting exploration and description on the Yucatan Peninsula.
{"title":"Contribution to the lady beetle fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula and integrative taxonomy for species delimitation","authors":"Vannesa V. Catzim, M. Elías-Gutiérrez, G. Pérez‐Lachaud","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2021.2017060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2021.2017060","url":null,"abstract":"Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are among the most familiar insects; many species are of economic importance, but their diversity in the tropics is poorly known. We aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the lady beetle fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula, particularly for Quintana Roo state. We used an integrative approach for species identification, comparing classical morphological identifications and quick automated methods for species delimitation using DNA barcode sequences. Through a literature review and a survey of lady beetles in gardens in Quintana Roo, we further provide an updated list of the species found on the Yucatan Peninsula. Out of the 40 species delimited in our study, 34 are new reports for the peninsula, and 36 are new for Quintana Roo state. Overall, 62 species of lady beetles are now recorded for the entire region, including three exotics: the invasive Harmonia axyridis, Chilocorus nigrita, and Delphastus catalinae. Our study also contributed to public reference libraries with 110 barcode sequences for the tropics belonging to 34 delineated species. We showed that cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) sequences can be useful for lady beetle species delimitation and that the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery algorithm (ABGD) was the best method, complementing the number of initially delineated morphospecies. The Barcode Index Number (BIN) approach overestimated seven putative species due to the splitting of conspecifics, while the ABGD method suggested two additional MOTUs at a prior intraspecific distance of 0.059. Combined molecular and morphological data in our study revealed one additional putative species of Diomus, initially considered a tentative colour variation. Our study exemplifies how molecular methods paired with classical taxonomy can efficiently assist in delineating species when descriptions and identification keys are unavailable and highlights the possible great richness of coccinellid species awaiting exploration and description on the Yucatan Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2025946
J. E. Florentín, R. M. Salas, S. Jarvie, J. Svenning, J. Gomez
Areas of endemism are a standard unit of biogeography and are commonly used for analytical biogeographic analyses as a criterion to identify areas for conservation. Galianthe is a genus of 56 species of mainly herbaceous plants from the family Rubiaceae found in the Neotropics, occurring in campos rupestres (quartzitic rock outcrops), cerrado (savanna), lowland grasslands, campos de altitude (highland grasslands), sasonally dry tropical forests (caatinga vegetation), and savanna hillsides. Currently, the conservation status assessment is only known for eleven species of Galianthe, and there have been no previous attempts to identify areas of endemism for the genus. In view of this, we used the NDM/VNDM software to analyze the distribution of the 56 species of Galianthe to identify areas of endemism and to recognize which species define each area. We also evaluated the conservation status of forty-five species for first time, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines. Our finding identified 12 areas of endemism with three cell sizes, mainly in the eastern part of Paraguay and southern Brazil. Illustrating the general biodiversity crisis, 41% of the Galianthe species (23 spp.), were evaluated as Endangered due to their degree of endemism and destruction of their habitat, while 31 species were evaluated as not threatened and two species had Insufficient Data. In turn, only five threatened species were found within or on the periphery of protected areas. We consider that although protected areas are designed to protect biodiversity, in recent decades they have experienced different degrees of threat. Due to the high risk of many species of the genus, it is necessary to consider restoration (as a complement to conservation) of the processes that maintain grasslands to conserve unique, endemic and threatened species.
特有区是生物地理学的标准单位，通常用于分析生物地理学分析，作为确定保护区的标准。Galianthe是新热带地区发现的56种主要草本植物，主要来自Rubiaceae科，分布在campos rupestres(石英岩石露头)，cerrado(稀树草原)，低地草原，campos de altitude(高原草原)，季节性干燥的热带森林(caatinga植被)和稀树草原山坡上。目前，对该属植物的保护状况评估仅为11种，并且没有对该属植物的特有区域进行鉴定。因此，我们利用NDM/VNDM软件对56种Galianthe的分布进行了分析，以确定特有区，并识别出哪些物种定义了每个区。根据国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)的指导方针，我们还首次评估了45个物种的保护状况。我们的发现确定了12个具有三种细胞大小的地方性区域，主要在巴拉圭东部和巴西南部。由于其特有程度和栖息地的破坏，41%的加利亚种(23种)被评估为濒危物种，31种被评估为不受威胁，2种被评估为数据不足，说明了普遍的生物多样性危机。反过来，在保护区内或周边地区只发现了五种受威胁物种。我们认为，虽然保护区是为了保护生物多样性而设计的，但近几十年来，它们经历了不同程度的威胁。由于该属的许多物种的高风险，有必要考虑恢复(作为保护的补充)维持草原的过程，以保护独特的，特有的和受威胁的物种。
{"title":"Areas of endemism and conservation status of Galianthe species (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) in the Neotropics","authors":"J. E. Florentín, R. M. Salas, S. Jarvie, J. Svenning, J. Gomez","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2022.2025946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2025946","url":null,"abstract":"Areas of endemism are a standard unit of biogeography and are commonly used for analytical biogeographic analyses as a criterion to identify areas for conservation. Galianthe is a genus of 56 species of mainly herbaceous plants from the family Rubiaceae found in the Neotropics, occurring in campos rupestres (quartzitic rock outcrops), cerrado (savanna), lowland grasslands, campos de altitude (highland grasslands), sasonally dry tropical forests (caatinga vegetation), and savanna hillsides. Currently, the conservation status assessment is only known for eleven species of Galianthe, and there have been no previous attempts to identify areas of endemism for the genus. In view of this, we used the NDM/VNDM software to analyze the distribution of the 56 species of Galianthe to identify areas of endemism and to recognize which species define each area. We also evaluated the conservation status of forty-five species for first time, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines. Our finding identified 12 areas of endemism with three cell sizes, mainly in the eastern part of Paraguay and southern Brazil. Illustrating the general biodiversity crisis, 41% of the Galianthe species (23 spp.), were evaluated as Endangered due to their degree of endemism and destruction of their habitat, while 31 species were evaluated as not threatened and two species had Insufficient Data. In turn, only five threatened species were found within or on the periphery of protected areas. We consider that although protected areas are designed to protect biodiversity, in recent decades they have experienced different degrees of threat. Due to the high risk of many species of the genus, it is necessary to consider restoration (as a complement to conservation) of the processes that maintain grasslands to conserve unique, endemic and threatened species.","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46656202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-04DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.2003906
V. Surugiu, M. Schwentner, K. Meißner
The identity of Scolelepis squamata (O.F. Müller, 1806) (Spionidae) has long been under debate. For clarification of this problem a collection of Scolelepis specimens at the type locality of this species, the island of Helgoland (North Sea) and in particular the Helgoland Dunes, has been undertaken. Based on morphological and molecular studies the occurrence of only one Scolelepis species can be reported in the eulittoral zone. The specimens are in good accordance with the morphology of S. squamata. Based on these newly collected specimens S. squamata is redescribed and illustrated comprehensively, and, in addition, molecular information on several markers is provided. A neotype has been designated and deposited in the collection of the Zoological Museum at Hamburg University, Germany. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on COI, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA reveal little genetic diversity along the Atlantic coast from Helgoland to Portugal and thus support the occurrence of S. squamata in these coastal regions of the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Our results further indicate the presence of a distinct Scolelepis species in the Black Sea, which is closely related to S. squamata. Also, S. mesnili is reinstated as a valid species. Furthermore, it is shown that several earlier genetic studies had misidentified S. squamata specimens wrongly as S. foliosa or S. bonnieri, highlighting the need for the taxonomic redescription as well as for providing DNA barcodes from unambiguously identified specimens. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0D6C3783-FF06-4D84-8D92-B8691E88F0B9
{"title":"Fixing the identity of Scolelepis squamata (Annelida: Spionidae) – neotype designation, redescription and DNA barcode sequences","authors":"V. Surugiu, M. Schwentner, K. Meißner","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2021.2003906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2021.2003906","url":null,"abstract":"The identity of Scolelepis squamata (O.F. Müller, 1806) (Spionidae) has long been under debate. For clarification of this problem a collection of Scolelepis specimens at the type locality of this species, the island of Helgoland (North Sea) and in particular the Helgoland Dunes, has been undertaken. Based on morphological and molecular studies the occurrence of only one Scolelepis species can be reported in the eulittoral zone. The specimens are in good accordance with the morphology of S. squamata. Based on these newly collected specimens S. squamata is redescribed and illustrated comprehensively, and, in addition, molecular information on several markers is provided. A neotype has been designated and deposited in the collection of the Zoological Museum at Hamburg University, Germany. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on COI, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA reveal little genetic diversity along the Atlantic coast from Helgoland to Portugal and thus support the occurrence of S. squamata in these coastal regions of the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Our results further indicate the presence of a distinct Scolelepis species in the Black Sea, which is closely related to S. squamata. Also, S. mesnili is reinstated as a valid species. Furthermore, it is shown that several earlier genetic studies had misidentified S. squamata specimens wrongly as S. foliosa or S. bonnieri, highlighting the need for the taxonomic redescription as well as for providing DNA barcodes from unambiguously identified specimens. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0D6C3783-FF06-4D84-8D92-B8691E88F0B9","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2036854
J. M. R. Luque, E. Moreno, I. E. Kovalsky, J. G. Seijo, V. S. Solís Neffa
Polyploidy is a major force in plant evolution. The possession of more than two chromosome complements may affect the genetic and genomic constitution and the phenotypes of polyploids, having consequences for their ecology, geography and diversification. Here, we used Turnera sidoides autopolyploid complex to assess the effect of polyploidy on genome size and on the diversification of this species. The remarkable diversity in habitat preferences, ploidy levels and multiple independent origins of polyploids, make this complex a suitable model for disentangling the effects of phylogenetic relationships and environmental conditions on the variation in genome size. We used an integrative approach comprising genome size estimations in 53 (diploid to hexaploid) populations of the different subspecies and morphotypes of T. sidoides, a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and a biogeographical analysis to identified closely related diploids and polyploids that remained in the same habitat aiming to answer the following questions: 1) does polyploidy per se induce a significant change of the Cx-value?; 2) is the Cx-value variation an adaptive response/consequence to different environmental gradients?; and 3) does polyploidy enable the range expansion of diversified diploid lineages within the same ecoregion?. Comparisons of Cx-values among phylogenetically related diploids–polyploids provided evidence that polyploidy is not the main factor determining the Cx variation. Instead, the Cx-values varied associated with few climatic variables along latitudinal and climatic gradients, suggesting that variation in genome size would have been an adaptive response to different habitats. The analysis of the environmental preferences of diploid and polyploids within each lineage provides evidence that autopolyploidy further promoted the range expansion of the already diversified diploids. These results together with the morphological constancy among different cytotypes within lineages suggest that autopolyploidy per se did not contribute significantly to the morphological and taxonomic diversification, but enabled further range expansion of lineages within the complex.
{"title":"Polyploidy, genome size variation and diversification in an autopolyploid complex: the case of Turnera sidoides (Passifloraceae, Turneroideae)","authors":"J. M. R. Luque, E. Moreno, I. E. Kovalsky, J. G. Seijo, V. S. Solís Neffa","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2022.2036854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2036854","url":null,"abstract":"Polyploidy is a major force in plant evolution. The possession of more than two chromosome complements may affect the genetic and genomic constitution and the phenotypes of polyploids, having consequences for their ecology, geography and diversification. Here, we used Turnera sidoides autopolyploid complex to assess the effect of polyploidy on genome size and on the diversification of this species. The remarkable diversity in habitat preferences, ploidy levels and multiple independent origins of polyploids, make this complex a suitable model for disentangling the effects of phylogenetic relationships and environmental conditions on the variation in genome size. We used an integrative approach comprising genome size estimations in 53 (diploid to hexaploid) populations of the different subspecies and morphotypes of T. sidoides, a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and a biogeographical analysis to identified closely related diploids and polyploids that remained in the same habitat aiming to answer the following questions: 1) does polyploidy per se induce a significant change of the Cx-value?; 2) is the Cx-value variation an adaptive response/consequence to different environmental gradients?; and 3) does polyploidy enable the range expansion of diversified diploid lineages within the same ecoregion?. Comparisons of Cx-values among phylogenetically related diploids–polyploids provided evidence that polyploidy is not the main factor determining the Cx variation. Instead, the Cx-values varied associated with few climatic variables along latitudinal and climatic gradients, suggesting that variation in genome size would have been an adaptive response to different habitats. The analysis of the environmental preferences of diploid and polyploids within each lineage provides evidence that autopolyploidy further promoted the range expansion of the already diversified diploids. These results together with the morphological constancy among different cytotypes within lineages suggest that autopolyploidy per se did not contribute significantly to the morphological and taxonomic diversification, but enabled further range expansion of lineages within the complex.","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46104937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.2014597
Raquel Hernández-Austria, U. García-Vázquez, Christoph I. Grünwald, G. Parra-Olea
The Eleutherodactylus subgenus Syrrhophus has a complex taxonomic history. For many years the species were classified into series and groups of species based on morphological and allozyme data. However, most of the species have conservative morphology, and their phylogenetic relationships have not been resolved. Furthermore, recent studies employing molecular tools have shown that Syrrhophus diversity is highly underestimated. Here, we present a near-complete phylogenetic hypothesis based on mitochondrial data (16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and cytochrome b) and employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The Bayesian tree has high support values (posterior probabilities ≥0.95) whereas the maximum likelihood hypothesis has generally low values (bootstrap support <70). Both phylogenetic analyses recovered Syrrhophus as monophyletic and composed of four main, allopatric clades (E. symingtoni clade, E. longipes clade, E. modestus clade, and E. nitidus clade) concordant with geography. Based on the molecular and morphological data, we describe a new species from the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The new species is most closely related to E. campi and E. cystignathoides from which it has a genetic distance >7% in 16S rRNA. Finally, based on the phylogenetic results, we resurrect E. rubrimaculatus from synonymy. Our results increase the number of species in the subgenus Syrrhophus to 41. We highlight the importance of efforts to study this important component of Mexican biodiversity. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3C2B2315-D5C8-420A-938C-A2B3A75B4248
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny of the subgenus Syrrhophus (Amphibia: Anura: Eleutherodactylidae), with the description of a new species from Eastern Mexico","authors":"Raquel Hernández-Austria, U. García-Vázquez, Christoph I. Grünwald, G. Parra-Olea","doi":"10.1080/14772000.2021.2014597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2021.2014597","url":null,"abstract":"The Eleutherodactylus subgenus Syrrhophus has a complex taxonomic history. For many years the species were classified into series and groups of species based on morphological and allozyme data. However, most of the species have conservative morphology, and their phylogenetic relationships have not been resolved. Furthermore, recent studies employing molecular tools have shown that Syrrhophus diversity is highly underestimated. Here, we present a near-complete phylogenetic hypothesis based on mitochondrial data (16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and cytochrome b) and employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The Bayesian tree has high support values (posterior probabilities ≥0.95) whereas the maximum likelihood hypothesis has generally low values (bootstrap support <70). Both phylogenetic analyses recovered Syrrhophus as monophyletic and composed of four main, allopatric clades (E. symingtoni clade, E. longipes clade, E. modestus clade, and E. nitidus clade) concordant with geography. Based on the molecular and morphological data, we describe a new species from the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The new species is most closely related to E. campi and E. cystignathoides from which it has a genetic distance >7% in 16S rRNA. Finally, based on the phylogenetic results, we resurrect E. rubrimaculatus from synonymy. Our results increase the number of species in the subgenus Syrrhophus to 41. We highlight the importance of efforts to study this important component of Mexican biodiversity. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3C2B2315-D5C8-420A-938C-A2B3A75B4248","PeriodicalId":54437,"journal":{"name":"Systematics and Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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