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Plant production of Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer by the micro-propagation technique 香果茶的植物生产采用微繁殖技术
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v50.04
Juscelina Arcanjo dos Santos, Natália Ribeiro Paula, D. Souza, D. Carvalho, G. E. Brondani
Due to the intense exploitation of its essential oil over the years, Ocotea odorifera was included in the endangered species in Brazil. In this context, the micro-propagation technique is an alternative to sexual propagation, and consequently, it favors the conservation of the species. Thus, the objective of this study was to produce seedlings of O. odorifera through the micro-propagation technique. Seed collection was carried out in mother trees distributed in a natural stand. In vitro cultivation was divided into three phases: (i) in vitro germination and establishment; (ii) elongation and rooting and (iii) acclimatization. For explant disinfestation, a 3x2 factorial was used: three sources of propagules (seed, embryo and nodal segment) combined with two immersion times in NaClO (50%) (5 and 10 min), totaling 6 treatments. In the in vitro establishment, two culture media (MS supplemented with ANA and BAP) combined with or without the addition of activated charcoal were tested. In the elongation and rooting phase, the presence and absence of activated charcoal in the development of shoots was evaluated. For the acclimatization of seedlings and shoots, two ex vitro conditions were evaluated: in a growth room environment and in a nursery. We found significant differences between the evaluated treatments. The embryo-type propagule source and disinfested with 50% NaClO for 10 minutes showed the best morphological characteristics of germination and development. The addition of charcoal to basic MS medium, and free from plant regulators, reduced tissue oxidation in the elongation and rooting phase. Shoots of Ocotea odorifera developed in vitro and adapted well to ex vitro acclimatization conditions. Therefore, the micro-propagation protocol used in this work was efficient, providing the production of healthy and suitable seedlings for field conditions.
由于多年来对其精油的大量开采,巴西已将其列为濒危物种。在这种情况下,微繁殖技术是有性繁殖的一种替代方法,因此有利于物种的保护。因此,本研究的目的是利用微繁技术育苗。在分布于自然林分的母树上采集种子。体外培养分为三个阶段:(1)体外萌发和建立;(ii)伸长和生根;(iii)驯化。外植体除虫采用3 × 2因子:3种繁殖体来源(种子、胚和节段)结合2次NaClO(50%)浸泡(5和10 min),共6次处理。在体外培养中,对两种培养基(MS加ANA和BAP)加活性炭或不加活性炭进行了测试。在伸长期和生根期,对活性炭的存在和不存在进行了评价。对于幼苗和芽的适应,评估了两种离体条件:生长室内环境和苗圃环境。我们发现在评估的治疗方法之间存在显著差异。胚型繁殖体源和50% NaClO处理10 min的萌发发育形态特征最好。在基本的MS培养基中添加木炭,并且不含植物调节剂,可以减少伸长和生根阶段的组织氧化。在离体驯化条件下,香果茎部发育良好,适应良好。因此,本研究中采用的微繁方案是高效的,为田间条件提供了健康适宜的幼苗生产。
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引用次数: 0
Capacidade de suporte de cargas de um Latossolo submetido a duas alternativas de uso do solo e sob Floresta Nativa 氧化土在两种土地利用选择和原生森林下的承载能力
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v50.05
André Ribeiro Silveira, Wellington Willian Rocha, Â. M. Leite, J. D. J. Santos, Moacir de Souza Dias Júnior
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引用次数: 0
Photosynthetic acclimatization to cyclical water deficit in rubber tree seedlings 橡胶树幼苗光合适应对周期性水分亏缺的影响
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v50.03
J. Pezzopane, Jessily Medeiros Quaresma, Mariana Duarte Silva Fonseca, R. N. Nóia Júnior, Talita Miranda Teixeira Xavier, Genilda Canuto Amaral, P. C. Cavatte, Jonas Souza Vinco
Plants subjected to successive water deficit cycles may be able to rapidly develop acclimatization responses. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the acclimatization capacity of the photosynthetic machinery of rubber tree seedlings submitted to water deficit cycles (WDC). To do so, we designed four treatments: control plants (fully irrigated, CT); 0P (not previously submitted to any WDC); 1P (previously submitted to one WDC); and 2P (previously submitted to two WDC). The water deficit cycle was characterized by suspending irrigation until rubber tree net assimilation rate (A) reached zero (A≤0). Then the plants were rehydrated until substrate moisture reached its maximum water retention capacity, and the irrigation was maintained until the rate A of the plants recovering from water deficit reached 90% of the rate of the control plant, and then a new cycle of water deficit started again. In the third and last cycle (WDC3), treatments 0P, 1P and 2P were simultaneously subjected to water deficit and comparative eco-physiological evaluations between treatments when each group of plants reached A≤0. After WDC3, 2P plants achieved greater A, stomatal conductance, transpiration and intrinsic efficiency of water use after 21 days, compared to 1P and 0P plants. The leaves of treatments 2P and 0P showed the same relative water content (RWC), higher photosynthetic pigment concentration, and 2P showed greater water absorption capacity in the substrate under low water availability, maintaining high A values in comparison with the other treatments 36 days after the start of WDC3. The results indicate that the 2P plants showed acclimatization of the photosynthetic machinery in maintaining a positive carbon balance when subjected to WDC, indicating that leaf turgor was maintained through cellular and osmotic adjustment, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and greater soil water absorption capacity.
遭受连续水分亏缺循环的植物可能能够迅速产生适应反应。因此,本研究旨在分析橡胶树幼苗在水分亏缺循环(WDC)条件下光合机制的适应能力。为此,我们设计了四种处理方法:对照植物(完全灌溉,CT);0P(之前未提交给任何WDC);1P(之前提交给一个WDC);和2P(之前提交给两个WDC)。水分亏缺循环以暂停灌溉为特征,直到橡胶树净同化率(A)达到零(A≤0)。然后对植株进行再水化处理,直到基质水分达到最大保水能力,并保持灌溉,直到植株从亏水中恢复的速率A达到对照植株的90%,再开始一个新的亏水循环。在第三个和最后一个周期(WDC3)中,当各组植物达到A≤0时,同时进行处理0P、1P和2P的亏水处理和处理间比较生态生理评价。WDC3处理后,与1P和0P植物相比,2P植物在21 d后的A值、气孔导度、蒸腾和内在水分利用效率更高。WDC3启动36 d后,与其他处理相比,2P处理和0P处理的叶片相对含水量(RWC)相同,光合色素浓度较高,在低水分有效度条件下,2P处理对基质的吸水能力更强,保持较高的A值。结果表明,在WDC条件下,2P植物表现出了光合机制的适应性,维持了正碳平衡,表明叶片膨胀是通过细胞和渗透调节、光合色素积累和土壤吸水能力增强来维持的。
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引用次数: 1
Charcoal produced from Attalea tessmannii Burret. fruit wastes 木炭产自Attalea tessmannii Burret。水果废弃物
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v50.01
Alice Neri da Silva Sousa, Keiti Roseani Mendes Pereira, A. F. Dias Júnior, Matheus Bertotti Floriani, M. Brand
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引用次数: 0
Biomass and carbon in two planting densities of eucalypt hybrids of energy forests 能源林桉树杂交林两种种植密度的生物量和碳
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v50.02
William Rodrigues Martins, R. S. Corrêa, Juliano Pereira de Sousa, Paloma Pimentel de Souza
The search for alternative sources of fuel has modified traditional models of forest production, with new concepts emerging and with new problems for production. Therefore, the biomass and carbon in stands of three Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis hybrid clones at two densely planted spacings were quantified. The study was implemented in a completely casualized design, with hybrid clones AEC 1528, I144 and GG100 at spacings of 3.0 m x 0.5 m and 3.0 m x 1.0 m, with 3 replications and 50 plants per plot. After 33 months the trees were harvested for biomass and carbon quantification. The hybrids I144 and GG100 yielded higher productions of biomass and carbon of stemwood and stembark. The smaller spacing increased the production of biomass in all evaluated compartments but did not change the carbon concentration.
寻找替代燃料来源改变了传统的森林生产模式,出现了新的概念和新的生产问题。为此,对3个尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis)杂交无性系在2个密植间距下的林分生物量和碳进行了定量分析。试验采用完全随机化设计,以杂交无性系AEC 1528、I144和GG100为试验材料,株距分别为3.0 m × 0.5 m和3.0 m × 1.0 m, 3个重复,每亩50株。33个月后,采伐树木进行生物量和碳量化。杂交品种I144和GG100的茎材和主干生物量和碳产量均较高。较小的间距增加了所有评价室的生物量产量,但没有改变碳浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Banco de sementes do solo sob plantios de Tachigali vulgaris (L.G.Silva & H.C.Lima) em diferentes espaçamentos na região leste do Estado do Pará, Amazônia 亚马逊州东部地区para州不同行距的普通立gali (L.G.Silva & H.C.Lima)人工林土壤种子库
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v49n132.11
Tainah Silva Narducci, J. Yared, Sílvio Brienza Junior
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引用次数: 1
Wood annual average increment and K, Ca and Mg mineral compartments in soils cultivated with eucalypt 桉树栽培土壤木材年平均生长量和钾、钙、镁矿物区室
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v49n132.02
F. Amaral, E. F. Araújo, A. E. Furtini Neto, A. V. Inda, M. Mancini, N. Curi
Forestry continuously grows in Brazil and it increases the concerns among planted forest companies regarding sustainable production. Knowledge about soil mineral reserves and nutrient release kinetics may introduce an opportunity to optimize fertility management, improving production. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the contents of K, Ca and Mg in the reserve, non-exchangeable, exchangeable and available soil compartments and the nutrient release speed, as well as their correlations and effects on eucalypt productivity. Soil samples were collected from eucalypt plantation sites at the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, comprising seven soil classes. The contents of K, Ca and Mg were determined in sulfuric digestion extract, boiling nitric acid, ammonium chloride, Mehlich-1 and potassium chloride. Nutrient release kinetics were evaluated per Sparks (1989), while CMPC Celulose Riograndense provided the wood volumetric annual average increment (AAI) from the eucalypt plantations. The contents of K, Ca and Mg varied between compartments and depths and were concentrated in the reserve compartment, indicating the importance of this compartment for midand long-term nutrient supply. Most compartments of K, Ca and Mg showed significant correlation; and eucalypt wood productivity (AAI) correlated significantly with the different compartments in both depths, mainly with the reserve compartment and release kinetics expressing their relevance for productivity; in particular for the case of long-cycle plant species, where nutrient release at intermediate and long terms is important.
巴西的林业持续增长,这增加了人工林公司对可持续生产的关注。了解土壤矿产储量和养分释放动力学可以为优化肥力管理、提高产量提供机会。研究了桉树后备区、非交换区、交换区和有效区K、Ca、Mg的含量和养分释放速度,以及它们之间的相关性和对桉树生产力的影响。土壤样本从巴西南里奥格兰德州的桉树种植园收集,包括七个土壤类别。测定了硫酸消解浸膏、沸腾硝酸、氯化铵、梅利希-1和氯化钾中钾、钙、镁的含量。根据Sparks(1989)评估了养分释放动力学,而CMPC Celulose Riograndense提供了桉树人工林的木材体积年平均增量(AAI)。钾、钙、镁的含量因室和深度的不同而不同,且主要集中在储备室,说明储备室对中长期养分供应的重要性。钾、钙、镁的大部分区室呈极显著相关;桉树木材生产力(AAI)与两个深度的不同隔室显著相关,主要与储备隔室和释放动力学表达其与生产力的相关性;特别是对于长周期植物物种,其中中期和长期的养分释放是重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of genetic gain in different variables for Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden breeding 巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden)不同变量遗传增益优化
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v49n132.17
Thiago Wendling Gonçalves de Oliveira, A. Higa, L. D. Silva
This study aimed to optimize the genetic gain for initial growth, low rust infection, and wood quality in an open pollination progeny test of E. grandis. The progeny test was established in Anhembi-SP, in a randomized block design, with 176 progenies, single tree plots, 29 replications, and one external borderline. Three evaluations were carried out. For the variable related to growth, diameter at breast height (DBH); evaluation at 20 months of age; for the degree of rust infection (DRI) the evaluations were carried out at 9 months of age, and for wood quality the variable number of branches (NB) was evaluated at 14 months. The choice of these variables considered the estimates of heritability and genetic correlations. Eight selection methods were used to optimize genetic gains for each variable, such as indirect selection, independent levels, and combined selection indexes with equal and different weights for each variable. The breeding strategies were based on the formation of Seedling Seed Orchards (SSO) and Clonal Seed Orchards (CSO). Based on the results, the indirect selection was not recommended because genetic correlations between DBH, DRI, and NB were weak (< 0.50), and it was necessary to consider the three variables for the construction of selection indexes and independent levels. For both breeding strategies the independent selection levels were the best in optimizing simultaneous selection for growth, rust resistance, and wood quality; with gains for DBH, DRI, and NB of 5.83%, 13.88%, and 4.12%, respectively for the formation of SSOs; while gains of 7.23%, 18.76%, and 6.72% were calculated respectively for the formation of CSOs.
本研究旨在通过开放传粉子代试验,优化大叶松的初始生长、低锈病和木材品质的遗传增益。在Anhembi-SP中建立后代检验,采用随机区组设计,176个后代,单树图,29个重复,1个外部边界。进行了三次评价。与生长有关的变量为胸径(DBH);20月龄评估;在9月龄时进行锈病程度(DRI)评价,在14月龄时进行可变枝数(NB)评价。这些变量的选择考虑了遗传力和遗传相关性的估计。采用间接选择、独立水平和各变量权重相等和不同的组合选择指标等8种选择方法对各变量的遗传增益进行优化。育种策略以形成幼苗种子园和无性系种子园为基础。综上所述,由于胸径、DRI和NB之间的遗传相关性较弱(< 0.50),不建议进行间接选择,需要考虑这三个变量构建选择指标和独立水平。对于两种育种策略,独立选择水平在优化生长、抗锈和木材品质的同时选择方面效果最好;DBH、DRI和NB的增益分别为5.83%、13.88%和4.12%;而cso形成的收益分别为7.23%、18.76%和6.72%。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between spectral variables with RapidEye images and dendrometric variables in teak plantations using principal component analysis 基于主成分分析的柚木人工林RapidEye影像光谱变量与树形变量的关系
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v49n132.09
Lucas Henderson de Oliveira Santos, João Paulo Sardo Madi, L. M. G. R. Diaz, Gláucia Miranda Ramirez, É. C. Souza, G. M. Nunes, A. P. D. Corte, M. P. D. L. C. E. Carvalho, C. Silva, S. P. C. Carvalho
Geo-technological information is increasingly used to monitor forest stands through analytical techniques and procedures for large-scale plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between spectral variables (through vegetation index) using images from the RapidEye satellite, dendrometric variables and the uniformity index in teak plantations by applying principal component analysis. The experiment was implemented in 2015, distributed in 12 experimental units, and 50 trees were measured per unit. The field data were obtained from the forest inventory carried out in May 2019, when data on total height (ht) and diameter at 1.30 m height (dbh) of all trees were collected. A strong negative correlation was observed between vegetation indexes and dendrometric variables with uniformity index. The main component analysis indicated the possibility of differentiating uniform from Relationship between spectral variables with RapidEye images and dendrometric variables in teak plantations using principal component analysis Scientia Forestalis, 49(132), e3655, 2021 2/11 non-uniform plantations. Therefore, it is possible to predict uniformity in teak stands through the correlation between dendrometric variables and spectral variables from the RapidEye satellite.
通过分析技术和大规模人工林的程序,越来越多地利用地质技术信息来监测林分。本研究利用RapidEye卫星影像,利用植被指数对光谱变量、树木学变量和柚木人工林均匀度指数之间的关系进行主成分分析。该试验于2015年实施,分布在12个实验单元,每个实验单元测量50棵树。野外数据来自2019年5月进行的森林清查,当时收集了所有树木的总高度(ht)和1.30 m高度(dbh)的直径数据。植被指数与均匀度指数之间呈显著负相关。主成分分析表明,RapidEye图像光谱变量与树木学变量的主成分分析可以区分柚木人工林的均匀性。林业科学,49(132),e3655,2021 2/11非均匀性。因此,可以通过RapidEye卫星的树形变量和光谱变量之间的相关性来预测柚木林的均匀性。
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引用次数: 1
Resistência ao cisalhamento da linha de cola em madeiras tropicais amazônicas 亚马逊热带木材胶线的剪切强度
IF 0.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v49n132.19
T. Pimentel, Peter Wimmer, Helder Resende de Carvalho, Luciano Roitman, C. Menezzi
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引用次数: 1
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