Rebeleanu C., Doroftei D., Perju-Dumbrava D., Pintea V.L., Siserman C., Radu C.C.
{"title":"The Medico-Legal Examination of the Male Aggressor in Rape Cases","authors":"Rebeleanu C., Doroftei D., Perju-Dumbrava D., Pintea V.L., Siserman C., Radu C.C.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The safety of the medical act is a patient’s right, which involves minimizing the risk of unnecessary damage in medical care, thus medical workers become fully responsible for error prevention. At the same time, at an international level there is more and more evidence about the harm caused to patients as a result of inadequate medical care, where the irrational use of medicines is among the frequent causes. This problem was also identified through an extensive research carried out in hospitals and primary care medical institutions in the Republic of Moldova. The article describes the causes of the low level of monitoring of the rational use of medicines both at the central and institutional level. The authors identify the existing normative gaps, as well as the respective solutions to improve the situation.
{"title":"The Risk of Error in Medication Prescription – Legal and Institutional Gaps","authors":"Gramma R., Padure A.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.284","url":null,"abstract":". The safety of the medical act is a patient’s right, which involves minimizing the risk of unnecessary damage in medical care, thus medical workers become fully responsible for error prevention. At the same time, at an international level there is more and more evidence about the harm caused to patients as a result of inadequate medical care, where the irrational use of medicines is among the frequent causes. This problem was also identified through an extensive research carried out in hospitals and primary care medical institutions in the Republic of Moldova. The article describes the causes of the low level of monitoring of the rational use of medicines both at the central and institutional level. The authors identify the existing normative gaps, as well as the respective solutions to improve the situation.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45087988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Although technical possibilities of diagnosis in modern medicine are incomparably greater, even nowadays, diagnostic mistakes are identified during autopsy in a considerable number of cases. Moreover, in the last decades, the frequency of discrepancies not only stayed at the same level but also increased. The present research is a selective retrospective analytical study based on 152 medico-legal reports regarding the corpses of patients who died in hospitals, as well as their medical records for a period of 5 years (2009–2013). All the dead bodies were examined in the territorial departments of the Center of Forensic Medicine of Republic of Moldova. The study aimed to analyze and classify discrepancies between clinical and medico-legal diagnoses in mechanical traumas. Brain injuries were most frequently diagnosed (clinical and morphological) in the researched sample, this kind of trauma was also most frequently under-and overdiagnosed. All the nosological units in the study were more frequently underdiagnosed than overdiagnosed. Most of the discrepancies were found in the main diagnosis, manifested by underdiagnosis and attributed to the 2 nd category.
{"title":"Characteristics of Clinical and Medico – Legal Diagnosis in Cases of Discrepancy","authors":"Bondarev A., Padure A., Lungu E.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.264","url":null,"abstract":": Although technical possibilities of diagnosis in modern medicine are incomparably greater, even nowadays, diagnostic mistakes are identified during autopsy in a considerable number of cases. Moreover, in the last decades, the frequency of discrepancies not only stayed at the same level but also increased. The present research is a selective retrospective analytical study based on 152 medico-legal reports regarding the corpses of patients who died in hospitals, as well as their medical records for a period of 5 years (2009–2013). All the dead bodies were examined in the territorial departments of the Center of Forensic Medicine of Republic of Moldova. The study aimed to analyze and classify discrepancies between clinical and medico-legal diagnoses in mechanical traumas. Brain injuries were most frequently diagnosed (clinical and morphological) in the researched sample, this kind of trauma was also most frequently under-and overdiagnosed. All the nosological units in the study were more frequently underdiagnosed than overdiagnosed. Most of the discrepancies were found in the main diagnosis, manifested by underdiagnosis and attributed to the 2 nd category.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46189184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mastalier B., Lazar A.M., Ghita B., Petrutescu M.S., Botezatu C.
{"title":"Medico-Legal and Malpractice Issues for the Surgical Oncology During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mastalier B., Lazar A.M., Ghita B., Petrutescu M.S., Botezatu C.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Driving a Vehicle Under the Influence of Psychoactive Substances: A Criminal Law and Forensic Toxicology Overview","authors":"Ureche D., Zlati G., Suian M.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44184043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doroftei D., Radu C.C., Carasca C., Negrea C., Csok L., Rebeleanu C.H., Siserman C.
. Skydiving incidents during flight are common, a decisive factor in what concerns the traumatic injuries severity being represented by special techniques-to prevent the conversion of incidents into accidents. The injury pattern is revealing a polymorphism related to every single incident. In rare cases these incidents conclude with severe bodily injuries or even death. In this paper, two cases of skydiving accidents will be reviewed, one concluded with the survival of the skydiver, and the other with the person’s death, by analyzing the operational procedures, their usage, the severity of the traumatic injuries and other skydiving accidents from international literature
{"title":"Forensic Aspects of Skydiving -Related Deaths and Injuries","authors":"Doroftei D., Radu C.C., Carasca C., Negrea C., Csok L., Rebeleanu C.H., Siserman C.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.258","url":null,"abstract":". Skydiving incidents during flight are common, a decisive factor in what concerns the traumatic injuries severity being represented by special techniques-to prevent the conversion of incidents into accidents. The injury pattern is revealing a polymorphism related to every single incident. In rare cases these incidents conclude with severe bodily injuries or even death. In this paper, two cases of skydiving accidents will be reviewed, one concluded with the survival of the skydiver, and the other with the person’s death, by analyzing the operational procedures, their usage, the severity of the traumatic injuries and other skydiving accidents from international literature","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42438429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radu C.C., Bulgaru-Iliescu D., Fulga I., Siserman C., D. C., Rebeleanu C., Perju-Dumbrava D.
. The present paper aims to structure in an organized way the legal information incident to medical practice and the mandatory moral and professional norms, considering the lack of such a complete support. At this moment, these legal aspects are described separately in some laws, more or less known and accessible to the entire population. Thus, we will approach the topic of medical responsibility through theoretical notions, which concern criminal, civil, administrative and professional responsibility.
{"title":"The Applicability and Usefulness of Knowing the Types of Medical Liability","authors":"Radu C.C., Bulgaru-Iliescu D., Fulga I., Siserman C., D. C., Rebeleanu C., Perju-Dumbrava D.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.293","url":null,"abstract":". The present paper aims to structure in an organized way the legal information incident to medical practice and the mandatory moral and professional norms, considering the lack of such a complete support. At this moment, these legal aspects are described separately in some laws, more or less known and accessible to the entire population. Thus, we will approach the topic of medical responsibility through theoretical notions, which concern criminal, civil, administrative and professional responsibility.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In forensic practice, defining the vitality of injuries and the time elapsed from the moment they occurred until the victim’s death is one of the most difficult issues. Mechanical injuries are the most common injuries that a medical examiner encounters in everyday practice. However, the issue of the vitality and age of injuries is important even in the case of other types of violent deaths, e.g., in case of gunshot wounds, burns, hanging, strangulation, throttling, or drowning. Vital changes at the injury site can be assessed based on macroscopic, microscopic, and histochemical findings. Still, in recent years, the development of immunohistochemical techniques has made a significant contribution to more accurate diagnosis and dating of skin injuries. In forensic practice in Slovakia, these methods are not yet commonly performed, although they are an integral and necessary part of the forensic conclusions in foreign countries. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and expression of selected antigens, namely fibronectin and tenascin, in injured skin and adjacent tissues, to distinguish injuries sustained during life from those which aroused after death, to specify the time of harm, and also to determine the possible effects of postmortem changes (autolysis, putrefaction) on the detection and relevance of the results. The acquired findings confirmed the importance of using immunohistochemical methods in dating skin and soft tissue injuries and their application to routine forensic practice in Slovakia, with significant use in expertise activities for law enforcement authorities.
{"title":"Use of Immunohistochemical Examination for Diagnosing and Dating Skin Injuries in Forensic Medicine in Slovakia","authors":"Szoradova A., Iannaccone S.F., Sidlo J.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.243","url":null,"abstract":": In forensic practice, defining the vitality of injuries and the time elapsed from the moment they occurred until the victim’s death is one of the most difficult issues. Mechanical injuries are the most common injuries that a medical examiner encounters in everyday practice. However, the issue of the vitality and age of injuries is important even in the case of other types of violent deaths, e.g., in case of gunshot wounds, burns, hanging, strangulation, throttling, or drowning. Vital changes at the injury site can be assessed based on macroscopic, microscopic, and histochemical findings. Still, in recent years, the development of immunohistochemical techniques has made a significant contribution to more accurate diagnosis and dating of skin injuries. In forensic practice in Slovakia, these methods are not yet commonly performed, although they are an integral and necessary part of the forensic conclusions in foreign countries. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and expression of selected antigens, namely fibronectin and tenascin, in injured skin and adjacent tissues, to distinguish injuries sustained during life from those which aroused after death, to specify the time of harm, and also to determine the possible effects of postmortem changes (autolysis, putrefaction) on the detection and relevance of the results. The acquired findings confirmed the importance of using immunohistochemical methods in dating skin and soft tissue injuries and their application to routine forensic practice in Slovakia, with significant use in expertise activities for law enforcement authorities.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45648626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The paper aims to highlight some of the specific peculiarities of the convict in detention, the way in which the behavior is conditioned by certain social and psychological factors, and ways in which psychosocial intervention could reduce frustration and aggression. The sample included 90 male prisoners, aged between 15 and 50 years, the average age. The comparative study carried out considering the age and the type of crime committed, highlighting the existence differences and also the influence of maladaptive cognitive schemas on the way of perceiving the object of frustration, the direction of manifestation of aggression, respectively the way of managing conflict situations.
{"title":"Features of Aggression and Frustration in People in Detention","authors":"D. C., Manuela G.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.310","url":null,"abstract":". The paper aims to highlight some of the specific peculiarities of the convict in detention, the way in which the behavior is conditioned by certain social and psychological factors, and ways in which psychosocial intervention could reduce frustration and aggression. The sample included 90 male prisoners, aged between 15 and 50 years, the average age. The comparative study carried out considering the age and the type of crime committed, highlighting the existence differences and also the influence of maladaptive cognitive schemas on the way of perceiving the object of frustration, the direction of manifestation of aggression, respectively the way of managing conflict situations.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46373824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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