Banariu G.M., D. C., Tica I., Rus M., Neagoe G., Onuc S., Sasu D.A., Tica V.I.
{"title":"Covid-19 a Potent Cocktail with Associated Mental Problems: The Psychosomatic Effects in Pregnant Women - An Interdisciplinary Approach","authors":"Banariu G.M., D. C., Tica I., Rus M., Neagoe G., Onuc S., Sasu D.A., Tica V.I.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49484933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lazar M., Hritcu O., Ailincai L., Pavel G., Ioan B.G., Scripcaru A., Lazar R.
: Th e way animals are treated by humans has been a subject of debate for a long time, but people’s attitudes towards animal welfare are still very di ff erent, and real concern for animals has developed in recent decades. Th e European Union (EU) has some of the highest animal welfare regulatory standards in the world which include general requirements regarding breeding, transport, but also requirements speci fi c to certain animal species (such as the slaughter of farm animals). Although the subject is addressed more and more o ft en, there are still de fi ciencies in terms of following simple rules at least at the minimum level. Animal cruelty can take many forms from neglect, animal hoarding, to organized abuse, ritual abuse or sexual abuse. Th ese cases cannot be overlooked as they have been shown to have serious implications, from the great su ff ering in fl icted to animals to their possible connection to crimes and abuse against humans. Combating cruelty against animals is a journey that must be undertaken by all of us, including the governments and the NGOs. At the same time, educating the population plays a major role in the e ff orts to prevent and combat animal cruelty.
{"title":"Cruelty to Animals - An Abusive Human - Animal Relationship. Case Study - Romania","authors":"Lazar M., Hritcu O., Ailincai L., Pavel G., Ioan B.G., Scripcaru A., Lazar R.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.268","url":null,"abstract":": Th e way animals are treated by humans has been a subject of debate for a long time, but people’s attitudes towards animal welfare are still very di ff erent, and real concern for animals has developed in recent decades. Th e European Union (EU) has some of the highest animal welfare regulatory standards in the world which include general requirements regarding breeding, transport, but also requirements speci fi c to certain animal species (such as the slaughter of farm animals). Although the subject is addressed more and more o ft en, there are still de fi ciencies in terms of following simple rules at least at the minimum level. Animal cruelty can take many forms from neglect, animal hoarding, to organized abuse, ritual abuse or sexual abuse. Th ese cases cannot be overlooked as they have been shown to have serious implications, from the great su ff ering in fl icted to animals to their possible connection to crimes and abuse against humans. Combating cruelty against animals is a journey that must be undertaken by all of us, including the governments and the NGOs. At the same time, educating the population plays a major role in the e ff orts to prevent and combat animal cruelty.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43101996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Sexual Behavior","authors":"Miclutia I.V., Milhem Z., Bonea M., D. C.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45683848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Bodily injuries caused in road accidents can affect the life of the victims for a certain period of time or permanently. In relation to this damage, the legal doctrine includes the existence of bodily damage that reveals the impact of the traumatic event in the life of the victim, damage whose assessment involves an interdisciplinary approach. Aspects such as functional deficit (temporary or permanent), pain felt by the victim, aesthetic damage or sexual damage, which represent subcategories of bodily damage, must be evaluated scientifically with the support of legal medicine. In the practice of the courts, the evaluation of bodily harm is done in most cases according to the criteria of the criminal code regarding bodily harm and not according to the specific criteria of civil law that refer to the harm. This factual situation is possible due to the lack of a legal nomenclature that contains the classes of physical or mental injuries that are part of bodily injury, but also due to the absence of medico-legal scales specifically adapted for this area of justice. This paper highlights the particularities of bodily injury and the needs from both the legal and medico-legal areas for a correct assessment in order to establish a fair compensation for the victim of the road accident.
{"title":"Assessment of Posttraumatic Bodily Injury in Road Accidents – Legal and Medico – Legal Criteria","authors":"Stan C.A., Codescu C.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.252","url":null,"abstract":". Bodily injuries caused in road accidents can affect the life of the victims for a certain period of time or permanently. In relation to this damage, the legal doctrine includes the existence of bodily damage that reveals the impact of the traumatic event in the life of the victim, damage whose assessment involves an interdisciplinary approach. Aspects such as functional deficit (temporary or permanent), pain felt by the victim, aesthetic damage or sexual damage, which represent subcategories of bodily damage, must be evaluated scientifically with the support of legal medicine. In the practice of the courts, the evaluation of bodily harm is done in most cases according to the criteria of the criminal code regarding bodily harm and not according to the specific criteria of civil law that refer to the harm. This factual situation is possible due to the lack of a legal nomenclature that contains the classes of physical or mental injuries that are part of bodily injury, but also due to the absence of medico-legal scales specifically adapted for this area of justice. This paper highlights the particularities of bodily injury and the needs from both the legal and medico-legal areas for a correct assessment in order to establish a fair compensation for the victim of the road accident.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Girls Playing Video Games and their Dedication Towards Games","authors":"Ghetau C., Rusus D.O., D. C.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.297","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47878145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pintea-Trifu M., Vica M., Pintea L., Siserman C., Matei H.
. This study aims to evaluate the perception of the medical staff about the stigma related to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in Romania, the difficulty of the case management of patients with STD, the anxiety induced by the diagnostic, the treatment compliance and the financial considerations involved. Materials and method. 50 participants from the medical staff evaluate the themes involved through an anonymous questionnaire. For statistical processing we used R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Results. 82% of the medical staff identified a higher anxiety level at STD patients, in 80% of cases patients preferred to consider sources of contamination other than sexual intercourse, 78% of patients with STD requested keeping the professional secret towards the sexual partners. There was a statistically significant correlation between the presence of a higher anxiety level at the STD patients and the feeling of self-blame (p<0.01), the request of keeping the professional secret towards their partners and the repetitive addressability for the same STD (p=0.006). Conclusions. The medical framework perceives the STD patients’ concern to be stigmatized. This phenomenon has its impact through the individual consequences to engage in suboptimal medical behaviors, but also through consequences over the community and on the expenses of the medical system. The treatment of patients with STD represents a challenge for the medical team, considering the numerous intentions not to recognize the cause of disease, to question the ways of transmission, to protect the partner and the misconceptions regarding the complexity and high cost of the treatment.
本研究旨在评估医务人员对罗马尼亚性传播疾病（STD）相关污名的看法、STD患者病例管理的困难、诊断引起的焦虑、治疗依从性和所涉及的经济因素。材料和方法。来自医务人员的50名参与者通过匿名问卷对所涉及的主题进行了评估。对于统计处理，我们使用R Foundation For statistical Computing。后果82%的医务人员认为性病患者的焦虑程度更高，在80%的病例中，患者更喜欢考虑性交以外的污染源，78%的性病患者要求对性伴侣保守职业秘密。STD患者存在较高的焦虑水平与自责感（p<0.01）、对伴侣保守职业秘密的要求以及对同一STD的重复可寻址性之间存在统计学上显著的相关性（p=0.006）。医学框架认为性病患者的担忧被污名化了。这种现象通过个人从事次优医疗行为的后果产生影响，也通过对社区和医疗系统费用的影响产生影响。性病患者的治疗对医疗团队来说是一个挑战，因为他们有很多不认识病因、质疑传播方式、保护伴侣的意图，以及对治疗复杂性和高成本的误解。
{"title":"The Medical Staff’S Perception of Stigma in Sexually Transmitted Diseases","authors":"Pintea-Trifu M., Vica M., Pintea L., Siserman C., Matei H.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.322","url":null,"abstract":". This study aims to evaluate the perception of the medical staff about the stigma related to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in Romania, the difficulty of the case management of patients with STD, the anxiety induced by the diagnostic, the treatment compliance and the financial considerations involved. Materials and method. 50 participants from the medical staff evaluate the themes involved through an anonymous questionnaire. For statistical processing we used R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Results. 82% of the medical staff identified a higher anxiety level at STD patients, in 80% of cases patients preferred to consider sources of contamination other than sexual intercourse, 78% of patients with STD requested keeping the professional secret towards the sexual partners. There was a statistically significant correlation between the presence of a higher anxiety level at the STD patients and the feeling of self-blame (p<0.01), the request of keeping the professional secret towards their partners and the repetitive addressability for the same STD (p=0.006). Conclusions. The medical framework perceives the STD patients’ concern to be stigmatized. This phenomenon has its impact through the individual consequences to engage in suboptimal medical behaviors, but also through consequences over the community and on the expenses of the medical system. The treatment of patients with STD represents a challenge for the medical team, considering the numerous intentions not to recognize the cause of disease, to question the ways of transmission, to protect the partner and the misconceptions regarding the complexity and high cost of the treatment.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49590984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The work aims to capture the specific peculiarities of the profile of the violent criminal, addressing the issue of assuming responsibility as well as the importance of maladaptive cognitive schemes in violent criminals. The research was conducted on 126 participants, subgrouped according to criminal history. Data were collected with the Young cognitive Schema Questionnaire in its short form (YSQ-S3) for the assessment of maladaptive cognitive schemas and the ROSENZWEIG Frustration Test for the assessment of attribution of responsibility. The results highlighted the links between maladaptive cognitive schemas and the assumption of responsibility, as well as the tendency of violent offenders to assign responsibility to external sources.
{"title":"Predictive Factors of Violent Crime","authors":"Siserman C., Gyorgy M., D. C.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.196","url":null,"abstract":". The work aims to capture the specific peculiarities of the profile of the violent criminal, addressing the issue of assuming responsibility as well as the importance of maladaptive cognitive schemes in violent criminals. The research was conducted on 126 participants, subgrouped according to criminal history. Data were collected with the Young cognitive Schema Questionnaire in its short form (YSQ-S3) for the assessment of maladaptive cognitive schemas and the ROSENZWEIG Frustration Test for the assessment of attribution of responsibility. The results highlighted the links between maladaptive cognitive schemas and the assumption of responsibility, as well as the tendency of violent offenders to assign responsibility to external sources.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41577890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitu-Bute M.A., Croitorescu L., Chinezu L., Doroftei D., Jung H., C. G.
: Hydatidosis or hydatid disease is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the larval form of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is more common in countries where agriculture, especially sheep farming, occupies an important place in the national economy, while areas with lower standards of hygiene and development show increased prevalence. The hydatid cyst develops by ingesting oncospheres, causing primary hydatidosis, mostly located at the level of the hepatic capillary network [60-70%], 20-30% at the level of the pulmonary filter, and 10-15% in the large circuit, with dissemination in muscles, bones, brain, heart, etc. The case of a 50-year-old man who died by mechanical asphyxiation by hanging will be presented, during the autopsy an extremely rare disease was discovered: cardiac hydatid cyst.
{"title":"Hydatid Cyst with Surprising Location in the Forensic Autopsy. Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Nitu-Bute M.A., Croitorescu L., Chinezu L., Doroftei D., Jung H., C. G.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.158","url":null,"abstract":": Hydatidosis or hydatid disease is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the larval form of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is more common in countries where agriculture, especially sheep farming, occupies an important place in the national economy, while areas with lower standards of hygiene and development show increased prevalence. The hydatid cyst develops by ingesting oncospheres, causing primary hydatidosis, mostly located at the level of the hepatic capillary network [60-70%], 20-30% at the level of the pulmonary filter, and 10-15% in the large circuit, with dissemination in muscles, bones, brain, heart, etc. The case of a 50-year-old man who died by mechanical asphyxiation by hanging will be presented, during the autopsy an extremely rare disease was discovered: cardiac hydatid cyst.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Domestic violence is one of the most frequent crimes committed in any society and country all over the world, reaching epidemic proportions. The need for a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach has been recognized to combat this phenomenon internationally. Both, the health system and the medico-legal investigation have a crucial role in proving domestic violence. Their task is to identify domestic violence victims, evaluate their needs, provide necessary care, properly document the consequences of violent acts, report and refer them to other specialized services. Additionally, the purpose of medico-legal investigations is to collect all kinds of evidence that could prove the circumstances alleged by the victim, thus allowing the incrimination of the perpetrator’s actions. The authors present a detailed analysis of a clinical case and highlight the consequences of an inadequate intervention of medical staff in managing a domestic violence case. The gaps admitted by medical staff and identified in this case show that without a proper response from the health system, it becomes difficult or even impossible to prove the crime of domestic violence.
{"title":"Role of the Health System and Forensic Medical Investigations in Proving Domestic Violence","authors":"Toporet N., Padure A., Bondarev A., Glavan P.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.200","url":null,"abstract":": Domestic violence is one of the most frequent crimes committed in any society and country all over the world, reaching epidemic proportions. The need for a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach has been recognized to combat this phenomenon internationally. Both, the health system and the medico-legal investigation have a crucial role in proving domestic violence. Their task is to identify domestic violence victims, evaluate their needs, provide necessary care, properly document the consequences of violent acts, report and refer them to other specialized services. Additionally, the purpose of medico-legal investigations is to collect all kinds of evidence that could prove the circumstances alleged by the victim, thus allowing the incrimination of the perpetrator’s actions. The authors present a detailed analysis of a clinical case and highlight the consequences of an inadequate intervention of medical staff in managing a domestic violence case. The gaps admitted by medical staff and identified in this case show that without a proper response from the health system, it becomes difficult or even impossible to prove the crime of domestic violence.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43638335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Could the life a disabled person be considered a legal injury? Can the courts compare existence and non-existence and find that in some cases the latter is preferable? Is there an asymmetry between ‘a life worth continuing’ and ‘a life worth bringing about’? In the last decades the so-called ‘wrongful life’ cases have raised a series of legal and moral problems. This essay attempts to shed light on some of the underlying problems that are specific to these atypical malpractice cases, to present with critical commentary a ‘wrongful life’ case from Romania, as well as to depict some solutions elaborated by philosophers or legal scholars. Finally, as novelty, in line with Benatar’s distinction between present-life and future-life cases, this short paper proposes thresholds for the admissibility of ‘wrongful life’ cases.
{"title":"The Necessary Arbitrariness in Drawing a Line: Something must be ‘Wrongful’","authors":"Ilyes Z.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.211","url":null,"abstract":": Could the life a disabled person be considered a legal injury? Can the courts compare existence and non-existence and find that in some cases the latter is preferable? Is there an asymmetry between ‘a life worth continuing’ and ‘a life worth bringing about’? In the last decades the so-called ‘wrongful life’ cases have raised a series of legal and moral problems. This essay attempts to shed light on some of the underlying problems that are specific to these atypical malpractice cases, to present with critical commentary a ‘wrongful life’ case from Romania, as well as to depict some solutions elaborated by philosophers or legal scholars. Finally, as novelty, in line with Benatar’s distinction between present-life and future-life cases, this short paper proposes thresholds for the admissibility of ‘wrongful life’ cases.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42782785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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