Scripcaru C., Bulgaru-Iliescu D., Diac M., Iacob V., Scripcaru A.
: The present paper aims to analyze the particularities of the accused’s behavior in the post-criminal period, a period full of emotional stress and suspiciousness. The behavior of the accused during this period may produce major disturbances in the interrogation but may cause “artifacts” in the case of submitting him to a psychiatric forensic examination. The paper briefly describes the concepts of general and judicial psychology, detailing the purpose of judicial psychology. Subsequently, the authors particularize aspects of judicial psychology in the case of the main psychiatric disorders and the way of approaching the patients suffering from these diseases in the post-criminal period. We appreciate as a final conclusion that it is necessary to improve the techniques of judicial psychology and use them more widely. Judicial psychology has proven its usefulness in a large number of forensic cases, which recommends it as part of the psychiatric forensic expertise committees.
{"title":"The Psychology of the Accused in the Post-Criminal Period – Implications in the Psychiatric Forensic Expertise","authors":"Scripcaru C., Bulgaru-Iliescu D., Diac M., Iacob V., Scripcaru A.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.218","url":null,"abstract":": The present paper aims to analyze the particularities of the accused’s behavior in the post-criminal period, a period full of emotional stress and suspiciousness. The behavior of the accused during this period may produce major disturbances in the interrogation but may cause “artifacts” in the case of submitting him to a psychiatric forensic examination. The paper briefly describes the concepts of general and judicial psychology, detailing the purpose of judicial psychology. Subsequently, the authors particularize aspects of judicial psychology in the case of the main psychiatric disorders and the way of approaching the patients suffering from these diseases in the post-criminal period. We appreciate as a final conclusion that it is necessary to improve the techniques of judicial psychology and use them more widely. Judicial psychology has proven its usefulness in a large number of forensic cases, which recommends it as part of the psychiatric forensic expertise committees.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49610058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Students’ Adjustment to University Life During the Covid 19 Pandemic","authors":"Cadariu I.E.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Contribution of Medico-Legal Expertise to the Investigation of Road Accidents. C.A. Stan, G. Decu............................ Hydatid Cyst with Surprising Location in the Forensic Autopsy. Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Stan C.A., Decu G.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48458740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ungureanu S., Mureșan C.O., C. V., Stan E., Gavriliță G.D., D. R., E. A.
: Introduction. Traffic accidents represent one of the most common causes of violent deaths in legal medicine. Traumatic injuries resulting from them can directly contribute to the cause of death and their location on the victims’ body may indicate the position the victims occupied in the vehicle. Case report. We analyzed the case of a 71-year-old man who was involved in a traffic accident and died eight days after being hospitalized. The victim’s autopsy was performed at the Institute of Legal Medicine Timisoara. Subsequently, in this case the police asked for a new forensic report to establish the severity of the traumatic injuries and their role in the thanatogenerating process and the position the victim occupied in the vehicle. The autopsy established that the cause of death was vertebro-medullary trauma involving the cervical and thoracic spine with fractures of vertebral bodies involving the spinal cord, in a polytrauma with a craniocerebral component and a thoracic component. The new forensic report maintained the conclusions of the autopsy report and established by analyzing the location of the traumatic injuries on the victim’s body that the victim might have been in the driver’s seat. Conclusions. Deaths from traffic accidents represent for a forensic expert a subject of great interest. The main aims are to establish the cause of death and the role the traumatic injuries play in the thanatogenerating process. Moreover, the type of traumatic injuries and their location on the victim’s body may suggest the position the victim occupied in the vehicle.
{"title":"Analysis of the Severity of Traumatic Injuries Resulted from Traffic Accidents and their Location on the Victims’ Body - Case Report","authors":"Ungureanu S., Mureșan C.O., C. V., Stan E., Gavriliță G.D., D. R., E. A.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.166","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction. Traffic accidents represent one of the most common causes of violent deaths in legal medicine. Traumatic injuries resulting from them can directly contribute to the cause of death and their location on the victims’ body may indicate the position the victims occupied in the vehicle. Case report. We analyzed the case of a 71-year-old man who was involved in a traffic accident and died eight days after being hospitalized. The victim’s autopsy was performed at the Institute of Legal Medicine Timisoara. Subsequently, in this case the police asked for a new forensic report to establish the severity of the traumatic injuries and their role in the thanatogenerating process and the position the victim occupied in the vehicle. The autopsy established that the cause of death was vertebro-medullary trauma involving the cervical and thoracic spine with fractures of vertebral bodies involving the spinal cord, in a polytrauma with a craniocerebral component and a thoracic component. The new forensic report maintained the conclusions of the autopsy report and established by analyzing the location of the traumatic injuries on the victim’s body that the victim might have been in the driver’s seat. Conclusions. Deaths from traffic accidents represent for a forensic expert a subject of great interest. The main aims are to establish the cause of death and the role the traumatic injuries play in the thanatogenerating process. Moreover, the type of traumatic injuries and their location on the victim’s body may suggest the position the victim occupied in the vehicle.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47262329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Untu I., Scripcaru C., Chirila B.D., Chirita R., Dobrin R.P., B. A.
{"title":"The Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Aggressive Manifestations among Patients with Mental Disorders","authors":"Untu I., Scripcaru C., Chirila B.D., Chirita R., Dobrin R.P., B. A.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41812942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Cranio-cerebral trauma is one of the most serious and frequently encountered causes of death, ranking first in the structure of violent death, among children and adolescents. The present work aimed to study the frequency, dynamics, structure and lesional peculiarities of lethal craniocerebral trauma in children. In order to achieve the proposed goal, 86 cases of lethal head trauma in children examined in the Chisinau thanatology department of the Center of Forensic Medicine for the period 2015-2021 were analyzed. Our study showed that 61.6% of male children died, more frequently aged 13-15; death mainly occurred in spring and summer. Head traumas were noticed mostly in urban areas (78.5%), due to transport and falls from height. Meningo-cerebral traumas (35.8%), scalp wounds (31.6%) and skull bone fractures (24.7%) were predominantly established during autopsies. A less prevalence of cranial fractures can be explained by peculiarities and high elasticity of bone tissue in children.
{"title":"Particularities of Lethal Head Injuries in Children","authors":"Lungu E., Sarpe V., Covata S.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.163","url":null,"abstract":": Cranio-cerebral trauma is one of the most serious and frequently encountered causes of death, ranking first in the structure of violent death, among children and adolescents. The present work aimed to study the frequency, dynamics, structure and lesional peculiarities of lethal craniocerebral trauma in children. In order to achieve the proposed goal, 86 cases of lethal head trauma in children examined in the Chisinau thanatology department of the Center of Forensic Medicine for the period 2015-2021 were analyzed. Our study showed that 61.6% of male children died, more frequently aged 13-15; death mainly occurred in spring and summer. Head traumas were noticed mostly in urban areas (78.5%), due to transport and falls from height. Meningo-cerebral traumas (35.8%), scalp wounds (31.6%) and skull bone fractures (24.7%) were predominantly established during autopsies. A less prevalence of cranial fractures can be explained by peculiarities and high elasticity of bone tissue in children.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45790926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damian S.I., Diac M.M., Scripcaru A., Bulgaru-Iliescu D.
{"title":"Minors Tried as Adults vs. the Humanitarian System of Educational Measures – What is Preferable?","authors":"Damian S.I., Diac M.M., Scripcaru A., Bulgaru-Iliescu D.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Desistance not only denotes the cessation or absence of criminal behavior but also includes a continuously decreasing tendency in offence frequency and seriousness, thus enabling experts to study the entire process up to the very point of giving up delinquency altogether. Domestic as well as international literature and the bulk of the relevant studies have been focusing on the underlying causes of criminal activity, overlooking the factors facilitating the abandonment of the criminal career. However, unlike the former, desistance research is centered on factors that contribute to leaving criminal life behind. Criminological literature distinguishes between two large groups of factors that are at play in the process of desistance, i.e. structural and psychological factors. Taking cognizance of the limitations inherent in unilateral approaches, the vast majority of contemporary researchers endorse an integrative approach since it is obvious that social, environmental, and psychological factors each have their own influence on desistance.
{"title":"An Integrative Approach to Successful Desistance","authors":"Muller-Fabian A.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.229","url":null,"abstract":". Desistance not only denotes the cessation or absence of criminal behavior but also includes a continuously decreasing tendency in offence frequency and seriousness, thus enabling experts to study the entire process up to the very point of giving up delinquency altogether. Domestic as well as international literature and the bulk of the relevant studies have been focusing on the underlying causes of criminal activity, overlooking the factors facilitating the abandonment of the criminal career. However, unlike the former, desistance research is centered on factors that contribute to leaving criminal life behind. Criminological literature distinguishes between two large groups of factors that are at play in the process of desistance, i.e. structural and psychological factors. Taking cognizance of the limitations inherent in unilateral approaches, the vast majority of contemporary researchers endorse an integrative approach since it is obvious that social, environmental, and psychological factors each have their own influence on desistance.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42428013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zamosteanu A.O., Dau-Gaspar O., Muranyi D., Breaz D.A.
: The paper presents comparative results of the pre-test and post-test self-assessment of a training program designed for increasing digital and media literacy competences of Romanian young inmates and for improving the attitudes towards those skills. The educational program has been developed during an Erasmus+ funded international strategic partnership between organizations from five European countries – entitled “Socially Excluded Youth of Media Literacy” (SEMELI) – and has been delivered in incarceration facilities from Romania, Cyprus, Greece, Spain, Latvia, in order to facilitate rehabilitation and community reintegration. Results demonstrate a good efficiency of the training program regarding the development of ICT and media literacy skills of the detainees, but not a significant impact upon their attitudes towards the e-learning environment and the future technically-improved self.
{"title":"Media Literacy Skills of Young Detainees – Training Program Piloted in Romanian Prisons","authors":"Zamosteanu A.O., Dau-Gaspar O., Muranyi D., Breaz D.A.","doi":"10.4323/rjlm.2022.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2022.223","url":null,"abstract":": The paper presents comparative results of the pre-test and post-test self-assessment of a training program designed for increasing digital and media literacy competences of Romanian young inmates and for improving the attitudes towards those skills. The educational program has been developed during an Erasmus+ funded international strategic partnership between organizations from five European countries – entitled “Socially Excluded Youth of Media Literacy” (SEMELI) – and has been delivered in incarceration facilities from Romania, Cyprus, Greece, Spain, Latvia, in order to facilitate rehabilitation and community reintegration. Results demonstrate a good efficiency of the training program regarding the development of ICT and media literacy skills of the detainees, but not a significant impact upon their attitudes towards the e-learning environment and the future technically-improved self.","PeriodicalId":54450,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44315580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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