Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.008
Sandra Altamirano-León, J. C. Ramírez-Martínez, Daniel F. Díaz-Porras, Ricardo Balam-Narváez, I. Luna‐Vega, Raúl Contreras-Medina
Introduction: Climate change represents a problem that generates long-term impacts and is considered a threat to the conservation of many species. Objective: To evaluate the impact of climate change on the distribution areas of 10 trees species characteristic of cloud forests in the state of Oaxaca. Materials and methods: The impact was evaluated for two-time horizons (2050 and 2080) and two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) under the Had GEM2-ES general atmospheric circulation model. Current and future distribution was modeled with MaxEnt. The distribution of Carpinus tropicalis, Juglans pyriformis, Liquidambar styraciflua, Litsea glaucescens, Magnolia dealbata, Magnolia schiedeana, Ostrya virginiana, Symplocos coccinea, Zinowiewia concinna and Taxus globosa were obtained from the herbarium specimen review. Results and discussion: In RCP 4.5, J. pyriformis, L. styraciflua, L. glaucescens and S. coccinea increased (2.8 % to 20.5 %) their area of distribution. In this scenario, the rest of the species reduced their area by up to 30 % compared to the current distribution. In RCP 8.5-2050, J. pyriformis and O. virginiana had a gain of more than 5 %. All species showed a reduction greater than 10 % under the RCP 8.5-2080 scenario. The models showed area under the curve greater than 0.8 and partial ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) greater than 1.7. Conclusions: Understanding the response of 10 species to climate change will serve as a basis for proposing conservation and monitoring plans, since nine of them are in some category of risk.
气候变化是一个产生长期影响的问题，被认为对许多物种的保护构成威胁。目的:评价气候变化对瓦哈卡州云雾林10种特有树种分布面积的影响。材料和方法:在Had GEM2-ES大气环流模式下，对两个时间范围(2050年和2080年)和两个排放情景(RCP 4.5和8.5)的影响进行了评估。当前和未来的分布是用MaxEnt建模的。通过对植物标本室标本的整理，得到了热带杉木、梨形胡桃木、枫香木、白玉兰、白玉兰、山茱萸、红豆杉和红豆杉的分布。结果与讨论:在rcp4.5中，梨形j.s ririformis, L. styraciflua, L. glaucescens和S. coccinea的分布面积增加了(2.8% ~ 20.5%)。在这种情况下，与目前的分布相比，其余物种的面积减少了30%。在RCP 8.5 ~ 2050中，梨形蠓和维吉尼亚蠓的增势均在5%以上。在RCP 8.5-2080情景下，所有物种的减少幅度均大于10%。模型曲线下面积大于0.8，部分ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic)大于1.7。结论:了解10种物种对气候变化的响应将作为提出保护和监测计划的基础，因为其中9种物种处于某种风险类别。
{"title":"Climate change and impact on distribution of tree species in the cloud forest of Oaxaca","authors":"Sandra Altamirano-León, J. C. Ramírez-Martínez, Daniel F. Díaz-Porras, Ricardo Balam-Narváez, I. Luna‐Vega, Raúl Contreras-Medina","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Climate change represents a problem that generates long-term impacts and is considered a threat to the conservation of many species. Objective: To evaluate the impact of climate change on the distribution areas of 10 trees species characteristic of cloud forests in the state of Oaxaca. Materials and methods: The impact was evaluated for two-time horizons (2050 and 2080) and two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) under the Had GEM2-ES general atmospheric circulation model. Current and future distribution was modeled with MaxEnt. The distribution of Carpinus tropicalis, Juglans pyriformis, Liquidambar styraciflua, Litsea glaucescens, Magnolia dealbata, Magnolia schiedeana, Ostrya virginiana, Symplocos coccinea, Zinowiewia concinna and Taxus globosa were obtained from the herbarium specimen review. Results and discussion: In RCP 4.5, J. pyriformis, L. styraciflua, L. glaucescens and S. coccinea increased (2.8 % to 20.5 %) their area of distribution. In this scenario, the rest of the species reduced their area by up to 30 % compared to the current distribution. In RCP 8.5-2050, J. pyriformis and O. virginiana had a gain of more than 5 %. All species showed a reduction greater than 10 % under the RCP 8.5-2080 scenario. The models showed area under the curve greater than 0.8 and partial ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) greater than 1.7. Conclusions: Understanding the response of 10 species to climate change will serve as a basis for proposing conservation and monitoring plans, since nine of them are in some category of risk.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43812425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.070
Joel Rascón-Solano, J. M. Olivas-García, O. Aguirre-Calderón, J. Hernández-Salas, M. Portillo-Vázquez, Samuel A. García-García, Viridiana S. Galván-Moreno
Introduction: To strengthen production chains in the state of Chihuahua, it is necessary to evaluate the feasibility of establishing sawmills in forest communities and ejidos. Objective: To formulate a sawmill investment project for the Basihuare ejido, Guachochi, Chihuahua, and to evaluate its viability by estimating financial and economic indicators. Materials and methods: Projections of supply from 2020 to 2024 were made based on the records of roundwood inputs of the Pinus genus from 2015 to 2019. Sawmilling coefficients, sawn timber grade distribution and market price were determined with historical information from a private industry located in Guachochi. Feasibility was evaluated by estimating the income tax established according to income. Results and discussion: A net present value of 16 194 605 MXN at a discount rate of 12 %, an internal rate of return of 78.69 % and a benefit/cost relationship of 1.25 were estimated. A break-even point of 1 520 255 bf produced, a payback period of 2.07 years and an economic profitability of 61.14 % were also determined. Conclusion: The indicators were positive in all cases, which shows that the project is financially viable. The methodology used for the formulation and evaluation of investment projects in the forestry sector can be replicated and adapted by different agrarian nuclei
{"title":"Industrial investment project: An alternative for community development in the forest of Basihuare ejido, Chihuahua, Mexico","authors":"Joel Rascón-Solano, J. M. Olivas-García, O. Aguirre-Calderón, J. Hernández-Salas, M. Portillo-Vázquez, Samuel A. García-García, Viridiana S. Galván-Moreno","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.070","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To strengthen production chains in the state of Chihuahua, it is necessary to evaluate the feasibility of establishing sawmills in forest communities and ejidos. Objective: To formulate a sawmill investment project for the Basihuare ejido, Guachochi, Chihuahua, and to evaluate its viability by estimating financial and economic indicators. Materials and methods: Projections of supply from 2020 to 2024 were made based on the records of roundwood inputs of the Pinus genus from 2015 to 2019. Sawmilling coefficients, sawn timber grade distribution and market price were determined with historical information from a private industry located in Guachochi. Feasibility was evaluated by estimating the income tax established according to income. Results and discussion: A net present value of 16 194 605 MXN at a discount rate of 12 %, an internal rate of return of 78.69 % and a benefit/cost relationship of 1.25 were estimated. A break-even point of 1 520 255 bf produced, a payback period of 2.07 years and an economic profitability of 61.14 % were also determined. Conclusion: The indicators were positive in all cases, which shows that the project is financially viable. The methodology used for the formulation and evaluation of investment projects in the forestry sector can be replicated and adapted by different agrarian nuclei","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42873447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.01.001
M. L. España-Boquera, Omar Champo-Jiménez, María D. Uribe-Salas
Introduction: The Abies forest of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) is a key ecosystem for the butterfly Danaus plexippus L. The study of this habitat is essential to understand the global effects of environmental transformation. Objectives: To study the impact of climate change over the last 20 years (2000-2019) on the MBBR, to (1) describe variations in climate and phenology; (2) analyze the relationships between LAI (leaf area index) and climate; and (3) estimate greening Materials and methods: Monthly mean temperature and precipitation values from the NASA Giovanni database and the Copernicus LAI series were analyzed. Using the TIMESAT algorithm, 11 phenological variables per pixel and year were determined and the annual spatial average of each one was calculated for each type of land cover (pine, oyamel, shrubs and crops) and the cumulative increase of the extended integral (greening). Results and discussion: Mean temperature increased 0.87 °C in 2000-2019. Beginning, middle, and end of the season have occurred progressively earlier, and cumulative leaf area, as well as minimum and maximum LAI, have increased. Greening was recorded in 53.21 % of the MBBR and browning in 33.97 %. Conclusion: The increase in mean temperature affects phenology of MBBR, causing longer growing seasons and net greening of the area.
{"title":"Phenological variation and greening of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (2000-2019)","authors":"M. L. España-Boquera, Omar Champo-Jiménez, María D. Uribe-Salas","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Abies forest of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) is a key ecosystem for the butterfly Danaus plexippus L. The study of this habitat is essential to understand the global effects of environmental transformation. Objectives: To study the impact of climate change over the last 20 years (2000-2019) on the MBBR, to (1) describe variations in climate and phenology; (2) analyze the relationships between LAI (leaf area index) and climate; and (3) estimate greening Materials and methods: Monthly mean temperature and precipitation values from the NASA Giovanni database and the Copernicus LAI series were analyzed. Using the TIMESAT algorithm, 11 phenological variables per pixel and year were determined and the annual spatial average of each one was calculated for each type of land cover (pine, oyamel, shrubs and crops) and the cumulative increase of the extended integral (greening). Results and discussion: Mean temperature increased 0.87 °C in 2000-2019. Beginning, middle, and end of the season have occurred progressively earlier, and cumulative leaf area, as well as minimum and maximum LAI, have increased. Greening was recorded in 53.21 % of the MBBR and browning in 33.97 %. Conclusion: The increase in mean temperature affects phenology of MBBR, causing longer growing seasons and net greening of the area.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47670384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.077
Fabiola Torres-Duque, A. Gómez‐Guerrero, L. Trejo-Téllez, V. Reyes-Hernández, A. Correa-Díaz
Introduction: It is essential to have baselines on nutrient dynamics in forests, due to disturbances that climate change may cause.Objective: To quantify the annual production of needles of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. and the proportion of nutrients in the alpine forests of Jocotitlán (JO) and Tláloc (TL) mountains, Estado de México.Materials and methods: A total of 12 circular needle litter traps (30 cm diameter) were placed at ground level, in each forest, distributed in four topographically contrasting sites. For one year, 228 leaf mass measurements and 1 140 chemical determinations were made to determine needle stoichiometry. Measurements were subjected to a longitudinal analysis of variance, by testing trends over time (P < 0.05).Results and discussion: Needle production in JO were 67 % higher (11.2 Mg∙ha-1∙year-1) than in TL (6.7 Mg∙ha-1∙year-1); needle litterfall was higher during summer (June and July, months with higher precipitation). For JO, nutrient flux was 98.0, 5.2, 8.7, 24.6, and 5.6 kg∙ha-1∙year-1 for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively; for TL it was 55.3, 3.4, 7.8, 14.4, and 4.7 kg∙ha-1∙year-1 in the same order of nutrients. Nutrient concentrations were lower from March to May. Except for K, nutrient concentrations and needle production showed quadratic and cubic seasonal trends. Mg dynamics and N:Mg and N:K ratios in TL were more positive for tree growth.Conclusions: Jocotitlán and Tláloc forests produce significant needle mass (compared to other ecosystems) with high dynamic in nutrient transfers.
引言：由于气候变化可能造成干扰，因此必须建立森林养分动态的基线。目的：定量分析哈特威松针叶的年产量。以及Jocotitlán（JO）和Tláloc（Tl）山脉高山森林中营养物质的比例，墨西哥Estado de México。材料和方法：在每片森林的地面上总共放置了12个圆形针形垃圾收集器（直径30厘米），分布在四个地形对比的地点。在一年的时间里，进行了228次叶片质量测量和1140次化学测定，以确定针头化学计量。通过测试随时间变化的趋势，对测量结果进行了纵向方差分析（P<0.05）；夏季（6月和7月，降水量较高的月份），针叶落叶量较高。对于JO，N、P、K、Ca和Mg的养分通量分别为98.0、5.2、8.7、24.6和5.6 kg∙ha-1∙year-1；TL的营养水平依次为55.3、3.4、7.8、14.4和4.7 kg·ha-1·year-1。3～5月养分浓度较低，除K外，养分浓度和针产量均呈二次和三次季节性趋势。TL中的Mg动态、N:Mg和N:K比值对树木生长更为有利。结论：Jocotitlán和Tláloc森林产生了显著的针叶质量（与其他生态系统相比），具有高动态的养分转移。
{"title":"Stoichiometry of needle litterfall of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. in two alpine forests of central Mexico","authors":"Fabiola Torres-Duque, A. Gómez‐Guerrero, L. Trejo-Téllez, V. Reyes-Hernández, A. Correa-Díaz","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.077","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is essential to have baselines on nutrient dynamics in forests, due to disturbances that climate change may cause.Objective: To quantify the annual production of needles of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. and the proportion of nutrients in the alpine forests of Jocotitlán (JO) and Tláloc (TL) mountains, Estado de México.Materials and methods: A total of 12 circular needle litter traps (30 cm diameter) were placed at ground level, in each forest, distributed in four topographically contrasting sites. For one year, 228 leaf mass measurements and 1 140 chemical determinations were made to determine needle stoichiometry. Measurements were subjected to a longitudinal analysis of variance, by testing trends over time (P < 0.05).Results and discussion: Needle production in JO were 67 % higher (11.2 Mg∙ha-1∙year-1) than in TL (6.7 Mg∙ha-1∙year-1); needle litterfall was higher during summer (June and July, months with higher precipitation). For JO, nutrient flux was 98.0, 5.2, 8.7, 24.6, and 5.6 kg∙ha-1∙year-1 for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively; for TL it was 55.3, 3.4, 7.8, 14.4, and 4.7 kg∙ha-1∙year-1 in the same order of nutrients. Nutrient concentrations were lower from March to May. Except for K, nutrient concentrations and needle production showed quadratic and cubic seasonal trends. Mg dynamics and N:Mg and N:K ratios in TL were more positive for tree growth.Conclusions: Jocotitlán and Tláloc forests produce significant needle mass (compared to other ecosystems) with high dynamic in nutrient transfers.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44659202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.049
Iván J. Velázquez-Castro, A. Aldrete, J. López-Upton, M. López-López, J. Etchevers-Barra
Introduction: Genetic improvement and nutritional management are used to increase productive capacity. Objective: To analyze the effect of traditional and controlled-release fertilizers, as well as the way to define the doses (technically or empirically), on growth of 20 tree families of Pinus patulaSchiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. Materials and methods: Four fertilization treatments were applied: 1) control; 2) “technical”, based on foliar analysis; 3) controlled release (18-6-12 + 2CaO + 3.5 Mg + 2.1 Si + microelements); and 4) mixture of agricultural fertilizers in nutrient concentrations similar to the controlled-release treatment. Height, diameter, biomass index, number of whorls, leaf mass, and growth initiation and cessation were evaluated in a group of 10 superior and 10 inferior three-year old families in Chignahuapan, Puebla. Data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS. Results and discussion: Trees showed no significant differences in growth, biomass production and growth initiation by fertilization effect, but showed significant differences by genetic quality (P ≤ 0.05). The genotype*fertilization interaction was significant; after one year of controlled-release fertilizer application, inferior genotypes had the highest values of relative rates of biomass production, diameter at root collar and height. Conclusions: Controlled-release fertilizers at appropriate doses and environmental conditions are a viable option to promote growth of young P. patula trees in the field.
简介：遗传改良和营养管理被用来提高生产能力。目的：分析传统肥料和控释肥料对20个patulaSchiede ex Schltdl树种生长的影响，以及确定剂量的方法（技术或经验）Cham。材料和方法：采用四种施肥处理：1）对照；2） “技术”，基于叶面分析；3） 控释（18-6-12+2CaO+3.5Mg+2.1Si+微量元素）；和4）营养浓度类似于控释处理的农业肥料的混合物。对普埃布拉州奇格纳瓦潘市10个三岁以上和10个三年以下家庭的身高、直径、生物量指数、轮生数量、叶片质量以及生长开始和停止进行了评估。数据分析采用SAS的MIXED程序。结果与讨论：施肥效应对树木生长、生物量产生和生长启动没有显著差异，但在遗传质量方面存在显著差异（P≤0.05），基因型与施肥交互作用显著；施用控释肥一年后，劣质基因型的生物量产量、根颈直径和高度的相对比率最高。结论：在适当的剂量和环境条件下，控释肥料是一种可行的选择，可以促进年轻的帕特拉树在田间的生长。
{"title":"Fertilization of two genetic groups of Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. in a four-year progeny trial","authors":"Iván J. Velázquez-Castro, A. Aldrete, J. López-Upton, M. López-López, J. Etchevers-Barra","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.049","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Genetic improvement and nutritional management are used to increase productive capacity. Objective: To analyze the effect of traditional and controlled-release fertilizers, as well as the way to define the doses (technically or empirically), on growth of 20 tree families of Pinus patulaSchiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. Materials and methods: Four fertilization treatments were applied: 1) control; 2) “technical”, based on foliar analysis; 3) controlled release (18-6-12 + 2CaO + 3.5 Mg + 2.1 Si + microelements); and 4) mixture of agricultural fertilizers in nutrient concentrations similar to the controlled-release treatment. Height, diameter, biomass index, number of whorls, leaf mass, and growth initiation and cessation were evaluated in a group of 10 superior and 10 inferior three-year old families in Chignahuapan, Puebla. Data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS. Results and discussion: Trees showed no significant differences in growth, biomass production and growth initiation by fertilization effect, but showed significant differences by genetic quality (P ≤ 0.05). The genotype*fertilization interaction was significant; after one year of controlled-release fertilizer application, inferior genotypes had the highest values of relative rates of biomass production, diameter at root collar and height. Conclusions: Controlled-release fertilizers at appropriate doses and environmental conditions are a viable option to promote growth of young P. patula trees in the field.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48311106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.076
D. Cadena-Zamudio, J. G. Flores-Garnica, M. E. Lomelí-Zavala, Ana G. Flores-Rodríguez
Introduction: Forest fires are natural disturbances that influence structure, dynamics, performance, composition and diversity of species. Objective: To compare composition, structure and diversity of temperate forest vegetation affected by different levels of severity of a forest fire in Jalisco. Materials and methods: Composition, horizontal structure, importance value index (IVI), diameter class, diversity indexes of Shannon, Simpson, Margalef richness and Bray-Curtis similarity were evaluated in three regions (Bosque La Primavera and Sierra de Tapalpa and Sierra de Quila) of temperate forest with three levels of severity (no fire, moderate and extreme). Results: Twelve species from six families were recorded. Pinaceae and Fagaceae were the most dominant. Dominance ranged from 0.2 to 50 m2∙ha-1 in moderate and extreme severity sites. Pinus devoniana recorded the highest IVI (71 %) in Sierra de Tapalpa. The highest number of trees was recorded in diameter class ≤30 cm. Diversity and richness indices showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for Sierra de Tapalpa and Sierra de Quila and among fire levels; the highest indices were recorded in sites of moderate severity. Tree composition similarity between regions was low (<33 %). Conclusions: Moderate severity of forest fire favored composition, structure and diversity of vegetation in temperate forests of Jalisco, indicating that the level of severity influences resilience of forest ecosystem communities.
简介：森林火灾是影响物种结构、动态、性能、组成和多样性的自然干扰。目的：比较哈利斯科不同严重程度森林火灾对温带森林植被的组成、结构和多样性的影响。材料和方法：在三个严重程度为三级（无火灾、中度和极端）的温带森林地区（Bosque La Primavera、Sierra de Tapalpa和Sierra d Quila），评估Shannon、Simpson、Margalef丰富度和Bray Curtis相似性的组成、水平结构、重要值指数（IVI）、直径等级、多样性指数。结果：共记录6科12种。以松科和壳斗科最具优势。在中度和极端严重程度的地区，优势在0.2至50 m2∙ha-1之间。在Sierra de Tapalpa，泥松的IVI最高（71%）。直径≤30cm的树木数量最高。Sierra de Tapalpa和Sierra d Quila的多样性和丰富度指数在不同火灾等级之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）；中度严重部位的指数最高。区域间的树木组成相似性较低（<33%）。结论：中度森林火灾有利于哈利斯科温带森林植被的组成、结构和多样性，表明严重程度影响森林生态系统群落的恢复力。
{"title":"Does the severity of a forest fire modify the composition, diversity and structure of temperate forests in Jalisco?","authors":"D. Cadena-Zamudio, J. G. Flores-Garnica, M. E. Lomelí-Zavala, Ana G. Flores-Rodríguez","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.076","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Forest fires are natural disturbances that influence structure, dynamics, performance, composition and diversity of species. Objective: To compare composition, structure and diversity of temperate forest vegetation affected by different levels of severity of a forest fire in Jalisco. Materials and methods: Composition, horizontal structure, importance value index (IVI), diameter class, diversity indexes of Shannon, Simpson, Margalef richness and Bray-Curtis similarity were evaluated in three regions (Bosque La Primavera and Sierra de Tapalpa and Sierra de Quila) of temperate forest with three levels of severity (no fire, moderate and extreme). Results: Twelve species from six families were recorded. Pinaceae and Fagaceae were the most dominant. Dominance ranged from 0.2 to 50 m2∙ha-1 in moderate and extreme severity sites. Pinus devoniana recorded the highest IVI (71 %) in Sierra de Tapalpa. The highest number of trees was recorded in diameter class ≤30 cm. Diversity and richness indices showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for Sierra de Tapalpa and Sierra de Quila and among fire levels; the highest indices were recorded in sites of moderate severity. Tree composition similarity between regions was low (<33 %). Conclusions: Moderate severity of forest fire favored composition, structure and diversity of vegetation in temperate forests of Jalisco, indicating that the level of severity influences resilience of forest ecosystem communities.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.05.026
M. C. Rosales‐Villarreal, N. Rocha‐Guzmán, J. Gallegos‐Infante, M. Moreno‐Jiménez, R. Reynoso-Camacho, I. Pérez-Ramírez, R. Tsao, R. González-Laredo
Introduction: Beyond the commercial value of coffee grains there is recent interest for the non-timber benefit and traditional medicinal properties of the Coffea tree leaves.Objective: To determine the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties and inhibition of oxidative stress by extracts from Coffea leaves obtained by ultrasound assistance as an opportunity for production of plant bioactives. Material and methods: The phytochemical composition of ten extracts of Coffea arabica L. leaves cv. Catimor 5000 was evaluated in their phenolic and methylxanthines contents as well their antioxidant activity in vitro through nitric oxide (NO), absorbance capacity of oxygen radicals (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and radical ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) assays, and their effect on inhibition of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). Extracts were obtained by ultrasound assistance under different conditions (wave amplitude, solvent ratio, and extraction time). Results and discussion: The higher phenolics and caffeine contents, as well the greater oxidative stress inhibition response in the HT-29 model, ORAC and NO assays were obtained at 60/40 water/methanol, 40 % amplitude and 6 min of extraction time. In this work, identification of two flavanones have been reported for the first time in Coffea leaves: neohesperidin and naringenin. Regarding phenolic acids, it was detected and identified a group of hydroxybenzoic acids not previously reported in coffee leaves, such as vanillic, shikimic, syringic, and ellagic acids, along with 2,4,6 trihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid.Conclusion: The novel phytochemical composition of bioactive extracts from Coffee leaves by ultrasound assistance is significant, representing a potential source of food nutraceuticals.
{"title":"Antioxidant phytochemicals and modulation of oxidative stress from infusions and ultrasound-assisted extractions of Coffea leaves","authors":"M. C. Rosales‐Villarreal, N. Rocha‐Guzmán, J. Gallegos‐Infante, M. Moreno‐Jiménez, R. Reynoso-Camacho, I. Pérez-Ramírez, R. Tsao, R. González-Laredo","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.05.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Beyond the commercial value of coffee grains there is recent interest for the non-timber benefit and traditional medicinal properties of the Coffea tree leaves.Objective: To determine the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties and inhibition of oxidative stress by extracts from Coffea leaves obtained by ultrasound assistance as an opportunity for production of plant bioactives. Material and methods: The phytochemical composition of ten extracts of Coffea arabica L. leaves cv. Catimor 5000 was evaluated in their phenolic and methylxanthines contents as well their antioxidant activity in vitro through nitric oxide (NO), absorbance capacity of oxygen radicals (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and radical ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) assays, and their effect on inhibition of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). Extracts were obtained by ultrasound assistance under different conditions (wave amplitude, solvent ratio, and extraction time). Results and discussion: The higher phenolics and caffeine contents, as well the greater oxidative stress inhibition response in the HT-29 model, ORAC and NO assays were obtained at 60/40 water/methanol, 40 % amplitude and 6 min of extraction time. In this work, identification of two flavanones have been reported for the first time in Coffea leaves: neohesperidin and naringenin. Regarding phenolic acids, it was detected and identified a group of hydroxybenzoic acids not previously reported in coffee leaves, such as vanillic, shikimic, syringic, and ellagic acids, along with 2,4,6 trihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid.Conclusion: The novel phytochemical composition of bioactive extracts from Coffee leaves by ultrasound assistance is significant, representing a potential source of food nutraceuticals.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.07.045
Liliana Cuapio-Hernández, A. Sánchez‐González, Numa P. Pavón-Hernández, M. López-Herrera, Ma. Amparo Borja-de la Rosa
Introduction: Magnolia rzedowskianaVázquez, Domínguez & Pedraza is a tree species endemic to the cloud forest of the Sierra Madre Oriental; its scanty (distributed) and isolated populations are considered at danger of extinction.Objective: To describe the microscopic anatomical characteristics of M. rzedowskiana wood to contribute to the biological knowledge of this species.Materials and methods: Wood samples were determined by a non-destructive method, extracting two growth cores from five adult trees in each of the four sampling sites located in Chilijapa and Zotictla in Hidalgo, La Yesca in Querétaro and ejido La Trinidad in San Luis Potosí. Cores were sectioned into subsamples to elaborate fixed preparations from tangential, transversal and radial cuts. Characteristics were identified using an optical microscopy and described according to IAWA (International Association of Wood Anatomists) criteria.Results and discussion: Growth zones, diffuse porosity, solitary and multiple radial pores in intermediate arrangement between radial and tangential; scalariform perforation plate and libriform fibers; diffuse and scanty paratracheal and apotracheal axial parenchyma; biseriate rays combined with triserial, uniseriate and heterocellular rays composed of procumbent cells with a row above and below of marginal square cells with oil bodies. The wood is distinguished by mesomorphism and resistance to drought.Conclusion: The anatomical description of M. rzedowskiana is a contribution to biological knowledge. From an economic point of view, this wood has potential use to produce pulp for paper.
简介：Magnolia rzedowskianaVázquez，Domínguez&Pedraza是马德雷山脉东方云雾林的特有树种；其稀少（分布）和孤立的种群被认为有灭绝的危险。目的：描述浙江木的显微解剖特征，为进一步了解浙江木的生物学特性提供依据。材料和方法：木材样品采用非破坏性方法进行测定，从伊达尔戈的奇利贾帕和佐蒂特拉、克雷塔罗的La Yesca和圣路易斯波托西的ejido La Trinidad四个采样点的五棵成年树上分别提取两个生长芯。岩芯被分割成子样本，以从切向、横向和径向切割中精心制作固定制剂。使用光学显微镜鉴定特征，并根据IAWA（国际木材解剖学家协会）标准进行描述。结果和讨论：生长带、扩散孔隙、径向和切向中间排列的孤立和多个径向孔隙；梯状穿孔板和libriform纤维；弥漫和稀少的气管旁和离气管轴向薄壁组织；双列射线与三列、单列和由平卧细胞组成的异源细胞射线结合，平卧细胞在具有油体的边缘方形细胞的上面和下面有一排。这种木材的特点是介晶性和抗旱性。结论：rzedowskiana的解剖学描述是对生物学知识的贡献。从经济角度来看，这种木材有可能用于生产纸浆。
{"title":"Wood anatomy of Magnolia rzedowskianaVázquez, Domínguez & Pedraza, endemic species of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico","authors":"Liliana Cuapio-Hernández, A. Sánchez‐González, Numa P. Pavón-Hernández, M. López-Herrera, Ma. Amparo Borja-de la Rosa","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.07.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.07.045","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Magnolia rzedowskianaVázquez, Domínguez & Pedraza is a tree species endemic to the cloud forest of the Sierra Madre Oriental; its scanty (distributed) and isolated populations are considered at danger of extinction.Objective: To describe the microscopic anatomical characteristics of M. rzedowskiana wood to contribute to the biological knowledge of this species.Materials and methods: Wood samples were determined by a non-destructive method, extracting two growth cores from five adult trees in each of the four sampling sites located in Chilijapa and Zotictla in Hidalgo, La Yesca in Querétaro and ejido La Trinidad in San Luis Potosí. Cores were sectioned into subsamples to elaborate fixed preparations from tangential, transversal and radial cuts. Characteristics were identified using an optical microscopy and described according to IAWA (International Association of Wood Anatomists) criteria.Results and discussion: Growth zones, diffuse porosity, solitary and multiple radial pores in intermediate arrangement between radial and tangential; scalariform perforation plate and libriform fibers; diffuse and scanty paratracheal and apotracheal axial parenchyma; biseriate rays combined with triserial, uniseriate and heterocellular rays composed of procumbent cells with a row above and below of marginal square cells with oil bodies. The wood is distinguished by mesomorphism and resistance to drought.Conclusion: The anatomical description of M. rzedowskiana is a contribution to biological knowledge. From an economic point of view, this wood has potential use to produce pulp for paper.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44689051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.067
Gina I. Reyes-Esteves, J. López-Upton, M. V. Velasco-García, M. Jiménez-Casas
Introduction: The Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca has high environmental degradation. Several species have been planted to recover vegetation cover; Pinus greggii Engelmann ex Parlatore var. australis Donahue & López has grown successfully even without selected material.Objective: To determine growth performance and genetic parameters of 90 families at early ages, for use in the selection of superior trees.Materials and methods: In San Miguel Achiutla, Oaxaca, genetic variation in growth, conformation and straightness of 90 selected open-pollinated families of P. greggii var. australiswas evaluated in a progeny trial five years after planting in two different quality sites. Additive genetic variation, heritability (h2) and genetic and phenotypic correlations were calculated.Results and discussion: h2 were superior in the more fertile site. Height, whorls, straightness and volume had greater genetic control (0.09 < h2i < 0.18). h2i of stem straightness was higher when evaluated as a whole than when divided into three sections. Genetic correlations were high and positive among growth variables (rg > 0.81; diameter vs. volume = 0.99) and low to moderate for the rest. Volume had a higher genetic correlation with other traits and higher genetic variation and heritability, so it could be used as a selection criterion for breeding cycle. Some genetic correlations differed contrastingly between sites in equal pairs of variables.Conclusion: Differences between families and heritability will allow the identification of superior individuals for germplasm sources for regional use.
瓦哈卡州的Mixteca Alta地区环境严重退化。为了恢复植被覆盖，已经种植了几种植物;即使没有精选的材料，greggii Engelmann ex Parlatore var. australis Donahue & López也能成功生长。目的:测定90个家系早期的生长性能和遗传参数，为优良树种的选育提供依据。材料与方法:在瓦哈卡州的San Miguel Achiutla，对90个开放授粉的P. greggii var. australis科在两个不同的优质地点种植5年后进行了子代试验，评价了其生长、构象和直线性的遗传变异。计算加性遗传变异、遗传力(h2)以及遗传和表型相关性。结果与讨论:h2在土壤肥力较强的地方效果较好。株高、株数、直线度和株数的遗传控制程度较高(0.09 < h2i < 0.18)。整体评价时，茎直度的H2i值高于分三段评价时的H2i值。各生长变量间呈高度正相关(rg> 0.81;直径对体积= 0.99)，其余部分为低至中等。体积与其他性状的遗传相关性较高，遗传变异和遗传力较高，可作为育种周期的选择标准。在相等的变量对中，某些遗传相关性在位点之间差别很大。结论:家族间的差异和遗传力的差异有助于鉴定出区域利用的优质种质资源。
{"title":"Genetic parameters of a progeny trial of Pinus greggii Engelmann ex Parlatore var. australis Donahue & López in the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Gina I. Reyes-Esteves, J. López-Upton, M. V. Velasco-García, M. Jiménez-Casas","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.067","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca has high environmental degradation. Several species have been planted to recover vegetation cover; Pinus greggii Engelmann ex Parlatore var. australis Donahue & López has grown successfully even without selected material.Objective: To determine growth performance and genetic parameters of 90 families at early ages, for use in the selection of superior trees.Materials and methods: In San Miguel Achiutla, Oaxaca, genetic variation in growth, conformation and straightness of 90 selected open-pollinated families of P. greggii var. australiswas evaluated in a progeny trial five years after planting in two different quality sites. Additive genetic variation, heritability (h2) and genetic and phenotypic correlations were calculated.Results and discussion: h2 were superior in the more fertile site. Height, whorls, straightness and volume had greater genetic control (0.09 < h2i < 0.18). h2i of stem straightness was higher when evaluated as a whole than when divided into three sections. Genetic correlations were high and positive among growth variables (rg > 0.81; diameter vs. volume = 0.99) and low to moderate for the rest. Volume had a higher genetic correlation with other traits and higher genetic variation and heritability, so it could be used as a selection criterion for breeding cycle. Some genetic correlations differed contrastingly between sites in equal pairs of variables.Conclusion: Differences between families and heritability will allow the identification of superior individuals for germplasm sources for regional use.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42895205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.07.046
Mayela Rodríguez-González, J. Arreola-Ávila, Ricardo Trejo-Calzada, J. Cueto-Wong, J. Zegbe-Domínguez, Isidro Reyes-Juárez, L. G. Yáñez-Chávez, Amparo Borja-de la Rosa
Introduction: Viviparity in pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) has increased considerably. This genetic-environmental phenomenon can be controlled with soil moisture management and other quality variables.Objective: To determine the effect of soil moisture content on yield, nut size, kernel percentage and germinated nut on the tree.Materials and methods: Forty-year-old pecan nut trees were irrigated by 40 emitters with an output of 3.2 L∙h-1. From the phenological stage of shell hardening, irrigation time was 4, 6 and 8 h, corresponding to moisture levels of 0.257, 0.327 and 0.380 m3 of water per m3 of soil, at depths of 40 to 80 cm. Yield per tree, germinated nut percentage, fruit size and kernel percentage were evaluated during the production cycles of 2016 and 2017 production cycles.Results and discussion: During the two production cycles, when soil moisture level increased from 0.257 to 0.380 m3∙m-3, nut yield per tree, fruit length and diameter, and kernel percentage increased on average 23.8 %, 25.3 and 10 %, and 1.8 %, respectively; however, vivipary increased 11.2 %, which was reflected in the decrease of commercial pecan nut percentage. Treatments 0.327 and 0.380 m3∙m-3 had a similar effect (P > 0.05) on these variables.Conclusions: The lower moisture level (0.257 m3∙m-3), starting at the kernel filling stage, decreased vivipary and increased commercial kernel percentage.
{"title":"Yield and vivipary of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis[Wangenh.] K. Koch) in relation to soil moisture","authors":"Mayela Rodríguez-González, J. Arreola-Ávila, Ricardo Trejo-Calzada, J. Cueto-Wong, J. Zegbe-Domínguez, Isidro Reyes-Juárez, L. G. Yáñez-Chávez, Amparo Borja-de la Rosa","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.07.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.07.046","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Viviparity in pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) has increased considerably. This genetic-environmental phenomenon can be controlled with soil moisture management and other quality variables.Objective: To determine the effect of soil moisture content on yield, nut size, kernel percentage and germinated nut on the tree.Materials and methods: Forty-year-old pecan nut trees were irrigated by 40 emitters with an output of 3.2 L∙h-1. From the phenological stage of shell hardening, irrigation time was 4, 6 and 8 h, corresponding to moisture levels of 0.257, 0.327 and 0.380 m3 of water per m3 of soil, at depths of 40 to 80 cm. Yield per tree, germinated nut percentage, fruit size and kernel percentage were evaluated during the production cycles of 2016 and 2017 production cycles.Results and discussion: During the two production cycles, when soil moisture level increased from 0.257 to 0.380 m3∙m-3, nut yield per tree, fruit length and diameter, and kernel percentage increased on average 23.8 %, 25.3 and 10 %, and 1.8 %, respectively; however, vivipary increased 11.2 %, which was reflected in the decrease of commercial pecan nut percentage. Treatments 0.327 and 0.380 m3∙m-3 had a similar effect (P > 0.05) on these variables.Conclusions: The lower moisture level (0.257 m3∙m-3), starting at the kernel filling stage, decreased vivipary and increased commercial kernel percentage.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46501714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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