Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.067
Yareli Soto-Carrasco, J. Vargas-Hernández, P. Rozenberg, A. Gómez‐Guerrero
Introduction: Climate change will have a differential impact on mountain forest growth linked to elevation. Objective: To evaluate the interrelationships of growth ring components at altitudinal gradient limits of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. in three mountains of east-central Mexico. Materials and methods: We analyzed 295 tree samples from Cofre de Perote, Pico de Orizaba and Monte Tláloc corresponding to the period 1960-2017 with a total of 17 700 observations per variable (ring width and density [TRW, TRD], earlywood [EWW, EWD], latewood [LWW, LWD] and minimum and maximum density [MID, MAD]). Results and discussion: Growth parameters were higher at the lower limit (≈3 500 m). The correlation of TRW with EWW (r ≥ 0.95) and LWW (r ≥ 0.78) was significant (P < 0.05). TRD correlated with EWD (r ≥ 0.83) and MID (r ≥ 0.72), as well as EWD with MID (r ≥ 0.92) and LWD with MAD (r ≥ 0.92). At the upper limit (≈4 000 m), correlations of TRW, EWW and LWW with TRD, EWD and MID were negative (-0.3 ≥ r ≥ -0.8). This may be explained by lower temperatures and growth periods reducing the relative importance of latewood in ring width. Conclusions: The information provided contributes to understand the dynamics of P. h ar t we g ii xylogenesis in response to climate and possible implications for radial growth facing climate change.
简介：气候变化将对与海拔高度相关的山林生长产生不同的影响。目的：评价哈特威松海拔梯度极限生长环组分的相互关系。位于墨西哥中东部的三座山脉。材料和方法：我们分析了1960-2017年期间来自Cofre de Perote、Pico de Orizaba和Monte Tláloc的295个树木样本，每个变量（环宽和密度[TRW，TRD]、早材[EWW，EWD]、晚材[LWW，LWD]以及最小和最大密度[MID，MAD]）共有1700个观测值。结果与讨论：生长参数在下限（≈3500 m）较高。TRW与EWW（r≥0.95）和LWW（r≤0.78）的相关性显著（P＜0.05），EWD和MID为负（-0.3≥r≥-0.8）。这可能是由于较低的温度和生长期降低了晚材在环宽中的相对重要性。结论：所提供的信息有助于了解P.h ar t we g ii木材发生对气候的反应动力学，以及气候变化对径向生长的可能影响。
{"title":"Growth ring components of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. at the altitudinal distribution limits in east-central Mexico","authors":"Yareli Soto-Carrasco, J. Vargas-Hernández, P. Rozenberg, A. Gómez‐Guerrero","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.067","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Climate change will have a differential impact on mountain forest growth linked to elevation. Objective: To evaluate the interrelationships of growth ring components at altitudinal gradient limits of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. in three mountains of east-central Mexico. Materials and methods: We analyzed 295 tree samples from Cofre de Perote, Pico de Orizaba and Monte Tláloc corresponding to the period 1960-2017 with a total of 17 700 observations per variable (ring width and density [TRW, TRD], earlywood [EWW, EWD], latewood [LWW, LWD] and minimum and maximum density [MID, MAD]). Results and discussion: Growth parameters were higher at the lower limit (≈3 500 m). The correlation of TRW with EWW (r ≥ 0.95) and LWW (r ≥ 0.78) was significant (P < 0.05). TRD correlated with EWD (r ≥ 0.83) and MID (r ≥ 0.72), as well as EWD with MID (r ≥ 0.92) and LWD with MAD (r ≥ 0.92). At the upper limit (≈4 000 m), correlations of TRW, EWW and LWW with TRD, EWD and MID were negative (-0.3 ≥ r ≥ -0.8). This may be explained by lower temperatures and growth periods reducing the relative importance of latewood in ring width. Conclusions: The information provided contributes to understand the dynamics of P. h ar t we g ii xylogenesis in response to climate and possible implications for radial growth facing climate change.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42205987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.09.056
M. Mendoza-Cariño, A. L. Bautista-Olivas, H. Duarte-Tagles, Hernán Celaya-Michel
Introduction: Mangroves provide environmental goods and services that mitigate climate change. Objective: To estimate the economic value of the carbon stock in the aboveground biomass of mangroves in Bahía del Tóbari (BT) and El Sargento in Sonora. Materials and methods: Field research were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in 16 plots (10 x 10 m). Biomass of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn, Rhizophora mangle L. and Avicennia germinans(L.) L. was determined with specific allometric equations. Carbon stocks and avoided CO2e emissions were estimated with conversion factors 0.5 and 3.7, respectively; these data represented the 2015 baseline. The 2020 estimates included changes in mangrove cover. The economic value was determined using the marginal carbon abatement cost method. Results and discussion: The 2015 baseline indicated reserves of 52.1 MgC∙ha-1 and 191.2 tCO2e∙ha-1 for BT, and 71.7 MgC∙ha-1 and 263.2 tCO2e∙ha-1 for El Sargento. By 2020 avoided emissions of 69 368.2 tCO2e∙TA-1 (TA= 362.79 ha) were estimated for BT and 116 696tCO2e∙TA-1(TA = 468.32 ha) for El Sargento. Economic values of these emissions were 131 799.5 USD (World Bank) and 180 357.2 USD (voluntary carbon market) for BT and 221 722.2 USD (World Bank) and 303 409.4 USD (voluntary carbon market) for El Sargento. Conclusions: The highest estimates of C reserves and economic value were recorded at El Sargento. Compared to other studies in the region, both sites had higher avoided CO2e emissions.
{"title":"Economic value of aboveground mangrove biomass carbon storage in Sonora, Mexico","authors":"M. Mendoza-Cariño, A. L. Bautista-Olivas, H. Duarte-Tagles, Hernán Celaya-Michel","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.09.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.09.056","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mangroves provide environmental goods and services that mitigate climate change. Objective: To estimate the economic value of the carbon stock in the aboveground biomass of mangroves in Bahía del Tóbari (BT) and El Sargento in Sonora. Materials and methods: Field research were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in 16 plots (10 x 10 m). Biomass of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn, Rhizophora mangle L. and Avicennia germinans(L.) L. was determined with specific allometric equations. Carbon stocks and avoided CO2e emissions were estimated with conversion factors 0.5 and 3.7, respectively; these data represented the 2015 baseline. The 2020 estimates included changes in mangrove cover. The economic value was determined using the marginal carbon abatement cost method. Results and discussion: The 2015 baseline indicated reserves of 52.1 MgC∙ha-1 and 191.2 tCO2e∙ha-1 for BT, and 71.7 MgC∙ha-1 and 263.2 tCO2e∙ha-1 for El Sargento. By 2020 avoided emissions of 69 368.2 tCO2e∙TA-1 (TA= 362.79 ha) were estimated for BT and 116 696tCO2e∙TA-1(TA = 468.32 ha) for El Sargento. Economic values of these emissions were 131 799.5 USD (World Bank) and 180 357.2 USD (voluntary carbon market) for BT and 221 722.2 USD (World Bank) and 303 409.4 USD (voluntary carbon market) for El Sargento. Conclusions: The highest estimates of C reserves and economic value were recorded at El Sargento. Compared to other studies in the region, both sites had higher avoided CO2e emissions.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.061
E. González-Gaona, Hugo E. Borja-Nava, K. V. De Lira-Ramos, Y. E. Rodríguez-Cruz, V. J. Arriola-Padilla
Introduction:Zadiprion Rohwer is a genus of sawflies including seven species that cause defoliations in coniferous forests. Objective: To determine the species of Zadiprion sawflies infesting Pinus cembroides (Zucc.) in Miquihuana, Tamaulipas. Materials and methods: Biological material was collected from sawfly larvae. Part of the material was preserved in 70 % alcohol for morphological description, another in 96 % anhydrous alcohol for molecular identification and another portion was placed in a Binder 720 KBW E5.1 to complete the biological cycle and obtain adults. The ovipositor of the female and phenology during five years were described. Results and discussion: The sawfly larva has an orange-brown head with a small circular eyestalk, a longitudinal brown spot on the dorsum, two white lines on the sides and a dark subdorsal stripe. The female is light yellow with dark sutures on the thorax. The lancet of the ovipositor has nine rings; the first is inverted “U” shaped. Males are mainly black with yellowish legs and a yellowish-brown spot in the postocellar area; there is no yellowish-brown pronotum or tegula and the harpes are rounded and pale at the apex. The population is different from Z. rohweri (Middleton) and Z. jeffreyi (Smith), reported in GenBank; however, they are related. Conclusions: The sawf ly under study is a new species and was recorded as Zadiprion borjaisp. nov. (GenBank: ON181557).
{"title":"New species of sawfly of the genus Zadiprion Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) attacking Pinus cembroides (Zucc.) in Tamaulipas, Mexico","authors":"E. González-Gaona, Hugo E. Borja-Nava, K. V. De Lira-Ramos, Y. E. Rodríguez-Cruz, V. J. Arriola-Padilla","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.061","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Zadiprion Rohwer is a genus of sawflies including seven species that cause defoliations in coniferous forests. Objective: To determine the species of Zadiprion sawflies infesting Pinus cembroides (Zucc.) in Miquihuana, Tamaulipas. Materials and methods: Biological material was collected from sawfly larvae. Part of the material was preserved in 70 % alcohol for morphological description, another in 96 % anhydrous alcohol for molecular identification and another portion was placed in a Binder 720 KBW E5.1 to complete the biological cycle and obtain adults. The ovipositor of the female and phenology during five years were described. Results and discussion: The sawfly larva has an orange-brown head with a small circular eyestalk, a longitudinal brown spot on the dorsum, two white lines on the sides and a dark subdorsal stripe. The female is light yellow with dark sutures on the thorax. The lancet of the ovipositor has nine rings; the first is inverted “U” shaped. Males are mainly black with yellowish legs and a yellowish-brown spot in the postocellar area; there is no yellowish-brown pronotum or tegula and the harpes are rounded and pale at the apex. The population is different from Z. rohweri (Middleton) and Z. jeffreyi (Smith), reported in GenBank; however, they are related. Conclusions: The sawf ly under study is a new species and was recorded as Zadiprion borjaisp. nov. (GenBank: ON181557).","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.014
Sandra L. Castro-Garibay, Á. Villegas-Monter, J. López-Upton, M. Sandoval-Villa, L. Arévalo-Galarza
Introduction: Grafted plants of conifers are used in the establishment of clonal seed orchards, but with the methodology currently used, unsatisfactory results are reported. Objective: To compare grafting and growth of Pinus greggii var. australis scion from nursery and field stock plants grafted on four rootstocks. Materials and methods: Scions of P. greggii Engelm. var. australis Donahue et López, collected from nursery stock plants (NSSP) and field trees (FSSP), were divided into terminal bud and basal segment, and grafted onto P. greggii var. australis, P. patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham., P. teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. and P. leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. Percentage of grafting, height increment, diameter, scion-rootstock ratio and number of shoots (NS) were evaluated. Height and diameter increment data were subjected to an ANOVA and NS was analyzed with Poisson regression. Results and discussion: Grafting ranged from 93 to 100 %. The greatest increase in height was reported for P. teocote (14 cm) with scion from the terminal shoot of the nursery plant, while the combination P. greggii / P. leiophylla had the best scion-rootstock ratio with a value of 1. The highest NS was recorded with scion from the basal segment of NSSP. Getting two types of scions from one scion made the use of vegetative material more efficient. Conclusions: The use of nursery stock plants, 15-month-old rootstock, and two types of scions allowed having grafted plants in three months. The methodology developed was efficient, cost-effective and fast.
简介：针叶树的嫁接植物被用于建立无性系种子园，但按照目前使用的方法，结果并不令人满意。目的：比较南方松（Pinus greggii var.australis）接穗在4种砧木上的嫁接和生长情况。材料和方法：P.greggii Engelm的Scions。从苗木植物（NSSP）和田间树木（FSSP）中采集的澳大利亚变种Donahue et López，将其分为顶芽和基部，并嫁接到P.greggii var.australis、P.patula Schiede ex Schltdl上。等人。，P.teocote Schiede ex Schltdl。et Cham。和P.leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl。et Cham。对嫁接率、高度增量、直径、接穗砧木比例和芽数（NS）进行了评价。对高度和直径增量数据进行方差分析，并用泊松回归分析NS。结果与讨论：移植率为93～100%。据报道，具有来自苗圃顶芽的接穗的P.teocote（14cm）的高度增加最大，而P.greggii/P.leiphylla组合的接穗-砧木比最好，值为1。NSSP基部接穗的NS最高。从一个接穗中获得两种类型的接穗可以更有效地利用营养物质。结论：使用苗木、15个月大的砧木和两种类型的接穗可以在三个月内移植植物。所制定的方法高效、成本效益高、速度快。
{"title":"Effective protocol to increase the percentage of grafting success of Pinus greggii Engelm. var. australis Donahue et López","authors":"Sandra L. Castro-Garibay, Á. Villegas-Monter, J. López-Upton, M. Sandoval-Villa, L. Arévalo-Galarza","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Grafted plants of conifers are used in the establishment of clonal seed orchards, but with the methodology currently used, unsatisfactory results are reported. Objective: To compare grafting and growth of Pinus greggii var. australis scion from nursery and field stock plants grafted on four rootstocks. Materials and methods: Scions of P. greggii Engelm. var. australis Donahue et López, collected from nursery stock plants (NSSP) and field trees (FSSP), were divided into terminal bud and basal segment, and grafted onto P. greggii var. australis, P. patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham., P. teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. and P. leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. Percentage of grafting, height increment, diameter, scion-rootstock ratio and number of shoots (NS) were evaluated. Height and diameter increment data were subjected to an ANOVA and NS was analyzed with Poisson regression. Results and discussion: Grafting ranged from 93 to 100 %. The greatest increase in height was reported for P. teocote (14 cm) with scion from the terminal shoot of the nursery plant, while the combination P. greggii / P. leiophylla had the best scion-rootstock ratio with a value of 1. The highest NS was recorded with scion from the basal segment of NSSP. Getting two types of scions from one scion made the use of vegetative material more efficient. Conclusions: The use of nursery stock plants, 15-month-old rootstock, and two types of scions allowed having grafted plants in three months. The methodology developed was efficient, cost-effective and fast.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49318639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.04.024
Xareni Ramírez-López, C. Ramírez-Herrera, M. V. Velasco-García, V. Cetina-Alcalá
Introduction:Oregano (Lippia graveolens H. B. K.) grows in semi-arid ecosystems. There is no information on the population dynamics of this species at the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (RBTC). Objective: To determine the vertical structure and spatial distribution of L. graveolens in five topographic conditions in the RBTC. Materials and methods: Ten sampling units were established in five topographic conditions (TC), where six plant height categories were defined. Density and structural variables were measured, from which IVI was obtained and population structure curves were constructed. The spatial distribution pattern was analyzed with the Ripley’s transformed function (L(t)). Results and discussion: TC1 showed population curve type IV (low frequency in the first, third and fourth height categories, high in the second and fifth categories, and low in the rest) with lower density (100 plants∙ha-1; 1.6 %) in category 6 (>251 cm), and higher density (1 840 plants∙ha-1;29 %) in category 4 (151 a 200 cm). For TC2 to TC5, the curve was V-type (low frequency in the first category, gradual increase up to the intermediate category, and gradual decrease in the rest) with lower density (20 plants∙ha-1; 0.4 %) in category 6, and higher density (2 320 plants∙ha-1; 51 %) in category 4 which also had the highest IVI (92.8 to 126.1). Spatial distribution was aggregated in TC1 to TC4 and randomized in TC5. Conclusions: Topographic conditions influenced the vertical structure and spatial distribution of oregano.
简介：牛至生长在半干旱生态系统中。Tehuacán-Cuicatlán生物圈保护区（RBTC）没有关于该物种种群动态的信息。目的：确定RBTC五种地形条件下graveolens乳杆菌的垂直结构和空间分布。材料和方法：在五种地形条件下建立了十个采样单元，其中定义了六种植物高度类别。测量密度和结构变量，由此获得IVI并构建群体结构曲线。利用Ripley变换函数（L（t））对空间分布模式进行了分析。结果和讨论：TC1显示IV型种群曲线（第一、第三和第四高度类别的频率较低，第二和第五类别的频率较高，其余类别的频率低），第6类（＞251厘米）的密度较低（100株∙ha-1；1.6%），第4类（151 a 200厘米）的密度较高（1 840株∙ha-1；29%）。对于TC2至TC5，曲线为V型（第一类频率较低，逐渐增加到中间类，其余部分逐渐减少），第6类密度较低（20株；0.4%），第4类的密度更高（2 320株；51%），IVI也最高（92.8至126.1）。TC1至TC4的空间分布汇总，TC5的空间分布随机化。结论：地形条件影响牛至的垂直结构和空间分布。
{"title":"Population structure and spatial distribution of oregano (Lippia graveolensH. B. K.) at the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico","authors":"Xareni Ramírez-López, C. Ramírez-Herrera, M. V. Velasco-García, V. Cetina-Alcalá","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.04.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Oregano (Lippia graveolens H. B. K.) grows in semi-arid ecosystems. There is no information on the population dynamics of this species at the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (RBTC). Objective: To determine the vertical structure and spatial distribution of L. graveolens in five topographic conditions in the RBTC. Materials and methods: Ten sampling units were established in five topographic conditions (TC), where six plant height categories were defined. Density and structural variables were measured, from which IVI was obtained and population structure curves were constructed. The spatial distribution pattern was analyzed with the Ripley’s transformed function (L(t)). Results and discussion: TC1 showed population curve type IV (low frequency in the first, third and fourth height categories, high in the second and fifth categories, and low in the rest) with lower density (100 plants∙ha-1; 1.6 %) in category 6 (>251 cm), and higher density (1 840 plants∙ha-1;29 %) in category 4 (151 a 200 cm). For TC2 to TC5, the curve was V-type (low frequency in the first category, gradual increase up to the intermediate category, and gradual decrease in the rest) with lower density (20 plants∙ha-1; 0.4 %) in category 6, and higher density (2 320 plants∙ha-1; 51 %) in category 4 which also had the highest IVI (92.8 to 126.1). Spatial distribution was aggregated in TC1 to TC4 and randomized in TC5. Conclusions: Topographic conditions influenced the vertical structure and spatial distribution of oregano.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42521998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.04.022
Alejandra Cabrera-Rodríguez, J. Pérez‐Moreno, M. Torres-Aquino, G. Olmos-Oropeza, J. F. Martínez-Montoya, J. Palacio-Núñez, J. A. Flores-Cano
Introduction: In the high mountain ranges of the Altiplano Potosino there are relict forests of Quercusspp. The species of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with these ecosystems are so far unknown. Objective: To know the morphology of Astraeus aff. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan associated with Quercus species in three sites of scarce precipitation in the Altiplano Potosino. Materials and methods: Ectomycorrhizal fungi and vegetative structures of oak were collected during the rainy season for morphological characterization and identification. Soil physicochemical variables were evaluated by Tukey’s analysis of variance and least significant difference (P = 0.05), to identify differences among the studied sites (Cerro El Peñon Blanco, Sierras de Guanamé and La Mojonera). Results and discussion: The ectomycorrhizal species A. aff. hygrometricus was associated with Quercus potosina Trel.,Q. pringlei SeemenexLoes., Q. tinkhamii C. H. Muller and Q. striatula Trel. The fungi had five to 14 laciniae per basidiomata and the following diameter ranges: 13 to 20 mm (endoperidium), 42.3 to 57.4 mm (exoperidium), 8 to 10.1 μm (spore length), 4.4 to 6.9 μm (endoperidium hyphae) and 4.9 to 9.2 μm (exoperidium hyphae). Oak and fungal species were found in friable soils (sandy to clayey) with pH 5 to 7.7 and low nitrogen (<2 %) and high phosphorus contents (85 mg∙kg-1). Conclusion: The ectomycorrhizal association of A. aff. hygrometricus with oak species explains the survival of these shrub oak forests under the semi-arid environments of the studied sites.
简介：在Altiplano Potosino的高山山脉中，有Quercusspp的残余森林。到目前为止，与这些生态系统相关的外生菌根真菌的种类尚不清楚。目的：了解黄芪的形态学特征。在Altiplano Potosino的三个降水稀少的地点，与Quercus物种相关的Hytrometricus（Pers.）Morgan。材料和方法：在雨季采集橡树的外生菌根真菌和营养结构，进行形态学鉴定。通过Tukey方差分析和最小显著差异（P=0.05）评估土壤理化变量，以确定研究地点（Cerro El Peñon Blanco、Sierras de Guanamé和La Mojonera）之间的差异。结果与讨论：外生菌根菌种A.aff。潮湿病与波菌Quercus potosina Trel。，Q.pringlei SeemenexLoes。，Q.tinkhamii C.H.Muller和Q.stritula Trel。每个担子菌有5到14个laciniae，直径范围如下：13到20mm（内孢子），42.3到57.4mm（外孢子），8到10.1μm（孢子长度），4.4到6.9μm（内孢子菌丝）和4.9到9.2μm（外孢子菌丝）。在pH为5至7.7、低氮（<2%）和高磷（85 mg∙kg-1）的易碎土壤（沙质至粘性）中发现了橡树和真菌物种。结论：A.aff的外生菌根结合。潮湿的橡树物种解释了这些灌木橡树林在研究地点的半干旱环境下的生存。
{"title":"Ectomycorrhizal association of Astraeus aff. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan with an oak forest relict in the Altiplano Potosino, Mexico","authors":"Alejandra Cabrera-Rodríguez, J. Pérez‐Moreno, M. Torres-Aquino, G. Olmos-Oropeza, J. F. Martínez-Montoya, J. Palacio-Núñez, J. A. Flores-Cano","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.04.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the high mountain ranges of the Altiplano Potosino there are relict forests of Quercusspp. The species of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with these ecosystems are so far unknown. Objective: To know the morphology of Astraeus aff. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan associated with Quercus species in three sites of scarce precipitation in the Altiplano Potosino. Materials and methods: Ectomycorrhizal fungi and vegetative structures of oak were collected during the rainy season for morphological characterization and identification. Soil physicochemical variables were evaluated by Tukey’s analysis of variance and least significant difference (P = 0.05), to identify differences among the studied sites (Cerro El Peñon Blanco, Sierras de Guanamé and La Mojonera). Results and discussion: The ectomycorrhizal species A. aff. hygrometricus was associated with Quercus potosina Trel.,Q. pringlei SeemenexLoes., Q. tinkhamii C. H. Muller and Q. striatula Trel. The fungi had five to 14 laciniae per basidiomata and the following diameter ranges: 13 to 20 mm (endoperidium), 42.3 to 57.4 mm (exoperidium), 8 to 10.1 μm (spore length), 4.4 to 6.9 μm (endoperidium hyphae) and 4.9 to 9.2 μm (exoperidium hyphae). Oak and fungal species were found in friable soils (sandy to clayey) with pH 5 to 7.7 and low nitrogen (<2 %) and high phosphorus contents (85 mg∙kg-1). Conclusion: The ectomycorrhizal association of A. aff. hygrometricus with oak species explains the survival of these shrub oak forests under the semi-arid environments of the studied sites.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46777797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.066
M. A. Salazar-Borunda, M. Pereda-Solís, P. M. López-Serrano, J. A. Chávez-Simental, J. H. Martínez-Guerrero, L. Tarango-Arámbula
Introduction: The Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida Nelson 1903) is a subspecies threatened by habitat destruction and sensitive to climate change. It is distributed in the old forests of the United States and Mexico. Objective: To determine the potential historical (1970-2000) and future (2021-2040, 2041-2060 y 2061-2080) distribution of the Mexican spotted owl under two climate change scenarios (SSP 245 and SSP 585). Materials and methods: Potential distribution was modeled using the R software with the MaxEnt algorithm, 155 geographically uncorrelated occurrence records, and five bioclimatic layers. Areas of environmental suitability were predicted for eight environmental management units in the United States and Mexico. Results and discussion: Three temperature variables contributed 93.1 % to the model prediction: mean diurnal range (44.8 %), maximum temperature of the warmest month (28.8 %) and average of the coldest quarter (19.5 %). Future scenarios showed gradual and continuous losses of suitable bioclimatic space for the bird in seven management units, especially in the high emissions scenario (SSP 585) in the Sierra Madre Oriental de México (-56.1 to -96.4 %). The Southern Rocky Mountains environmental management unit in the United States was the only one that gained suitable bioclimatic space (51.3 to 167.2 %) in all periods. Conclusion: Although changes are not significant, the loss of areas of bioclimatic suitability begins in 2030 and increases in 2041 and, therefore, climate change represents a current threat to this bird of prey.
简介：墨西哥斑猫头鹰（Strix occidentalis lucida Nelson 1903）是一个受到栖息地破坏威胁的亚种，对气候变化敏感。分布于美国和墨西哥的古老森林中。目的：确定墨西哥斑点猫头鹰在两种气候变化情景（SSP 245和SSP 585）下的潜在历史（1970-2000）和未来（2021-2040、2041-2060和2061-2080）分布。材料和方法：使用R软件和MaxEnt算法、155个地理上不相关的发生记录和5个生物气候层对潜在分布进行建模。对美国和墨西哥的八个环境管理单位的环境适宜性区域进行了预测。结果与讨论：三个温度变量对模型预测的贡献率为93.1%：平均日较差（44.8%）、最热月的最高温度（28.8%）和最冷季度的平均温度（19.5%）。未来的情景显示，在七个管理单元中，该鸟的合适生物气候空间逐渐和持续丧失，尤其是在墨西哥东部马德雷山脉的高排放情景（SSP 585）中（-56.1%-96.4%）。美国南落基山脉环境管理部门是唯一一个在所有时期都获得适当生物气候空间的部门（51.3%至167.2%）。结论：尽管变化不大，但生物气候适宜性区域的丧失始于2030年，并在2041年增加，因此，气候变化是目前对这种猛禽的威胁。
{"title":"Climate change will affect the distribution of the Mexican Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalislucida Nelson 1903)","authors":"M. A. Salazar-Borunda, M. Pereda-Solís, P. M. López-Serrano, J. A. Chávez-Simental, J. H. Martínez-Guerrero, L. Tarango-Arámbula","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.10.066","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida Nelson 1903) is a subspecies threatened by habitat destruction and sensitive to climate change. It is distributed in the old forests of the United States and Mexico. Objective: To determine the potential historical (1970-2000) and future (2021-2040, 2041-2060 y 2061-2080) distribution of the Mexican spotted owl under two climate change scenarios (SSP 245 and SSP 585). Materials and methods: Potential distribution was modeled using the R software with the MaxEnt algorithm, 155 geographically uncorrelated occurrence records, and five bioclimatic layers. Areas of environmental suitability were predicted for eight environmental management units in the United States and Mexico. Results and discussion: Three temperature variables contributed 93.1 % to the model prediction: mean diurnal range (44.8 %), maximum temperature of the warmest month (28.8 %) and average of the coldest quarter (19.5 %). Future scenarios showed gradual and continuous losses of suitable bioclimatic space for the bird in seven management units, especially in the high emissions scenario (SSP 585) in the Sierra Madre Oriental de México (-56.1 to -96.4 %). The Southern Rocky Mountains environmental management unit in the United States was the only one that gained suitable bioclimatic space (51.3 to 167.2 %) in all periods. Conclusion: Although changes are not significant, the loss of areas of bioclimatic suitability begins in 2030 and increases in 2041 and, therefore, climate change represents a current threat to this bird of prey.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48524185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.010
Fabiola Torres-Duque, A. Gómez‐Guerrero, L. Trejo-Téllez, V. Reyes-Hernández, A. Correa-Díaz
Introduction: Nutrient movement in high mountain forests generates information on their functioning and response to climate change effects. Nitrogen dynamics in these ecosystems has been poorly studied. Objective: To quantify N reservoirs in forest litter, topsoil (0-10 cm) and needle litterfall, and to measure temporal concentrations of nitrate and ammonium in topsoil and N resorption (ReabsN) in the Jocotilán (JO) and Tláloc (TL) mountains of central Mexico. Materials and methods. A total of 108 (JO) and 128 (TL) soil and needle litterfall samples were collected for one year. N and ReabsN reservoirs were compared between mountains using the Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). Temporal trends of soil moisture, N and ReabsN forms were analyzed with linear mixed models, setting time and mountain as fixed factors. Results and discussion. Gravimetric moisture, total N, and nitrate and ammonium concentrations were not different between mountains. Total inorganic N (ammonium + nitrate) in JO was higher than in TL (46 vs. 41 mg∙kg-1). N in needle litterfall and soil were higher in JO, but ReabsN in TL was higher (60 vs. 55 %). Soil moisture, ammonium and ReabsN had a seasonal pattern of cubic trend (P < 0.05), denoting N pulses. Conclusions. Forests showed differences in N dynamics in needle litterfall, resorption and soil inorganic forms of N, indicating that it is possible to differentiate their functioning according to this nutrient.
{"title":"Soil inorganic nitrogen pulses and leaf nitrogen resorption in two Pinus hartwegii Lindl. forests","authors":"Fabiola Torres-Duque, A. Gómez‐Guerrero, L. Trejo-Téllez, V. Reyes-Hernández, A. Correa-Díaz","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nutrient movement in high mountain forests generates information on their functioning and response to climate change effects. Nitrogen dynamics in these ecosystems has been poorly studied. Objective: To quantify N reservoirs in forest litter, topsoil (0-10 cm) and needle litterfall, and to measure temporal concentrations of nitrate and ammonium in topsoil and N resorption (ReabsN) in the Jocotilán (JO) and Tláloc (TL) mountains of central Mexico. Materials and methods. A total of 108 (JO) and 128 (TL) soil and needle litterfall samples were collected for one year. N and ReabsN reservoirs were compared between mountains using the Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). Temporal trends of soil moisture, N and ReabsN forms were analyzed with linear mixed models, setting time and mountain as fixed factors. Results and discussion. Gravimetric moisture, total N, and nitrate and ammonium concentrations were not different between mountains. Total inorganic N (ammonium + nitrate) in JO was higher than in TL (46 vs. 41 mg∙kg-1). N in needle litterfall and soil were higher in JO, but ReabsN in TL was higher (60 vs. 55 %). Soil moisture, ammonium and ReabsN had a seasonal pattern of cubic trend (P < 0.05), denoting N pulses. Conclusions. Forests showed differences in N dynamics in needle litterfall, resorption and soil inorganic forms of N, indicating that it is possible to differentiate their functioning according to this nutrient.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.013
V. M. Martínez-Calderón, J. Sosa-Ramírez, J. M. Fuantos-Mendoza, D. Pérez-Salicrup, J. Luna-Ruíz
Introduction:Arctostaphylos pungens Kunt is a species with significant characteristics for restoration; however, there are few studies on its propagation. Objective: To evaluate the effect of pre-germinative treatments and the use of vegetative propagation methods in A. pungens. Materials and methods: Eight pre-germinative treatments were evaluated, consisting of scarification with H2SO4 (98 %) for 5 and 6 h, gibberellic acid immersion (1 000 ppm), cold stratification (4 °C for 30, 60 and 90 days) and heat shock (100 °C for 5 min), as well as combinations of these. Vegetative propagation was analyzed by cuttings and air layering. Results and discussion: The highest germination (73.33 ± 15.63 %) was for immersion in H2SO4 for 5 to 6 h; heat shock and cold stratification treatments showed low or no germination. Root formation was not achieved in cuttings but was achieved in 37.50 ± 25 % of 20-week air layering. Conclusion: The best treatments consisted of immersion in H2SO4. It is recommended to continue experimenting with vegetative propagation by leaving air layering for more than the 20 weeks used in this study to achieve complete root development.
{"title":"Propagation of Arctostaphylos pungens Kunt from temperate forests of north-central Mexico","authors":"V. M. Martínez-Calderón, J. Sosa-Ramírez, J. M. Fuantos-Mendoza, D. Pérez-Salicrup, J. Luna-Ruíz","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Arctostaphylos pungens Kunt is a species with significant characteristics for restoration; however, there are few studies on its propagation. Objective: To evaluate the effect of pre-germinative treatments and the use of vegetative propagation methods in A. pungens. Materials and methods: Eight pre-germinative treatments were evaluated, consisting of scarification with H2SO4 (98 %) for 5 and 6 h, gibberellic acid immersion (1 000 ppm), cold stratification (4 °C for 30, 60 and 90 days) and heat shock (100 °C for 5 min), as well as combinations of these. Vegetative propagation was analyzed by cuttings and air layering. Results and discussion: The highest germination (73.33 ± 15.63 %) was for immersion in H2SO4 for 5 to 6 h; heat shock and cold stratification treatments showed low or no germination. Root formation was not achieved in cuttings but was achieved in 37.50 ± 25 % of 20-week air layering. Conclusion: The best treatments consisted of immersion in H2SO4. It is recommended to continue experimenting with vegetative propagation by leaving air layering for more than the 20 weeks used in this study to achieve complete root development.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42258003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.009
A. G. Villalba-Villalba, L. Chan-Chan, A. Maldonado-Arce
Introduction: Metals are found naturally in the environment, but their indiscriminate use has caused serious pollution problems. Objective: Two species of Aspergillus were isolated and identified from tailings, then their tolerance index at different concentrations of several metals was evaluated. Materials and methods: Fungi were isolated from tailings located in the Sonoran Desert. Fungal growth was evaluated in the presence of Cr6+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ metals using the tolerance index and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results and discussion: A. flavus had very high tolerance indices to Cr6+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ at all concentrations evaluated (>20 mM); it also had a high tolerance index to the other metals at lower concentrations. The MIC for this fungus in the presence of Cd2+, Hg2+ and Ag+ was recorded between 5 and 10 mM. The growth of A. nidulans was not inhibited with 20 mM of Cr6+. The MIC of A. nidulans in presence of Hg2+, Ag+ and Cu2+ is in the range 1-5 mM; with Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ it is in the range between 15 and 20 mM. The dose-response curves display a characteristic sigmoidal shape. With Ag+ and Cu2+A. flavus displayed a hermetic behavior. Conclusion: High metal tolerance of these fungi suggests their potential use in the removal of metals.
{"title":"Toxic metal tolerance of Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillus nidulansisolated from tailings","authors":"A. G. Villalba-Villalba, L. Chan-Chan, A. Maldonado-Arce","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Metals are found naturally in the environment, but their indiscriminate use has caused serious pollution problems. Objective: Two species of Aspergillus were isolated and identified from tailings, then their tolerance index at different concentrations of several metals was evaluated. Materials and methods: Fungi were isolated from tailings located in the Sonoran Desert. Fungal growth was evaluated in the presence of Cr6+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ metals using the tolerance index and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results and discussion: A. flavus had very high tolerance indices to Cr6+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ at all concentrations evaluated (>20 mM); it also had a high tolerance index to the other metals at lower concentrations. The MIC for this fungus in the presence of Cd2+, Hg2+ and Ag+ was recorded between 5 and 10 mM. The growth of A. nidulans was not inhibited with 20 mM of Cr6+. The MIC of A. nidulans in presence of Hg2+, Ag+ and Cu2+ is in the range 1-5 mM; with Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ it is in the range between 15 and 20 mM. The dose-response curves display a characteristic sigmoidal shape. With Ag+ and Cu2+A. flavus displayed a hermetic behavior. Conclusion: High metal tolerance of these fungi suggests their potential use in the removal of metals.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47290883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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