Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.11.069
Sigifredo Martínez-Rincón, J. Valdez-Lazalde, H. M. De los Santos-Posadas, G. Sánchez‐Martínez
Introduction: Severe Dendroctonus spp. infestations are reported in North and Central America. Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins and Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann are recognized as forest pests and are common in the state of Michoacán, Mexico.Objective: To model current and future (2015-2039) spatial distribution of risk D. mexicanus and D. frontalis infestation in forests of Michoacán, Mexico.Materials and methods: Multicriteria evaluation techniques, including the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy membership functions, were combined with climate and biophysical variables to obtain forest infestation risk maps for D. mexicanus and D. frontalis under current and future climate scenarios.Results and discussion: Climate, fire, tree density and topography were identified as relevant criteria influencing bark beetle outbreaks. The maximum risk value estimated for D. mexicanus was 0.78 and 0.83 for the current and future scenarios, respectively; for D. frontalis these values correspond to 0.84 and 0.85, respectively. In terms of area, high risk of infestation by D. mexicanus increased from 3.9 % (current scenario) to 5.0 % (future scenario); for D. frontalis it decreased from 10.8 % to 9.6 %. The very high-risk value remained constant (0.35 %) for both species and scenarios.Conclusions: Forests of the Transversal Volcanic Belt (in the northeastern part of Michoacán) have the highest risk of bark beetle infestation in the two modeled scenarios.
{"title":"Risk of infestations by Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins and Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann bark beetles in forests of Michoacán","authors":"Sigifredo Martínez-Rincón, J. Valdez-Lazalde, H. M. De los Santos-Posadas, G. Sánchez‐Martínez","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.11.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.11.069","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Severe Dendroctonus spp. infestations are reported in North and Central America. Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins and Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann are recognized as forest pests and are common in the state of Michoacán, Mexico.Objective: To model current and future (2015-2039) spatial distribution of risk D. mexicanus and D. frontalis infestation in forests of Michoacán, Mexico.Materials and methods: Multicriteria evaluation techniques, including the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy membership functions, were combined with climate and biophysical variables to obtain forest infestation risk maps for D. mexicanus and D. frontalis under current and future climate scenarios.Results and discussion: Climate, fire, tree density and topography were identified as relevant criteria influencing bark beetle outbreaks. The maximum risk value estimated for D. mexicanus was 0.78 and 0.83 for the current and future scenarios, respectively; for D. frontalis these values correspond to 0.84 and 0.85, respectively. In terms of area, high risk of infestation by D. mexicanus increased from 3.9 % (current scenario) to 5.0 % (future scenario); for D. frontalis it decreased from 10.8 % to 9.6 %. The very high-risk value remained constant (0.35 %) for both species and scenarios.Conclusions: Forests of the Transversal Volcanic Belt (in the northeastern part of Michoacán) have the highest risk of bark beetle infestation in the two modeled scenarios.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45958918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.063
Estrella E. Blancas-Díaz, E. Castañeda-Hidalgo, C. Robles, G. Rodríguez-Ortiz, G. M. Santiago-Martínez, Y. Villegas-Aparicio
Introduction: Land use change and waste discharge from coffee processing may be affecting quantity and quality of water supplying urban areas in the coastal region of Oaxaca.Objective: To determine the level of contamination of aquifers and estimate surface water runoff in micro-watersheds of Pluma Hidalgo and Santa María Huatulco in Oaxaca, Mexico.Materials and methods: Seven water supply points were analyzed during the rainy season of 2019. The following physicochemical parameters were determined: pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, total solids, chlorides, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Surface runoff was estimated using the Raws and Prevert methods.Results and discussion. Water bodies are within the permissible limits for human use. The Chacalapilla spring was classified as moderately hard (85 mg CaCO3∙L-1), while the seven water bodies exceeded the permissible limit for COD (40 to 200 mg∙L-1); therefore, water is in a contaminated classification range and is not suitable for human consumption. Surface runoff values suggest a medium conservation condition of vegetation cover; areas with higher cover recorded lower runoff coefficients.Conclusions. The physicochemical parameters indicated that water from Pluma Hidalgo and Santa María Huatulco is suitable for human use, but not for drinking
简介:在瓦哈卡沿海地区，土地利用的变化和咖啡加工产生的废物排放可能会影响城市供水的数量和质量。目的:确定墨西哥瓦哈卡州Pluma Hidalgo和Santa María Huatulco微流域含水层污染水平并估算地表水径流量。材料与方法:对2019年雨季7个供水点进行分析。测定了以下理化参数:pH、总溶解固形物、电导率、硬度、总固体、氯化物和化学需氧量(COD)。地表径流用Raws和Prevert方法估算。结果和讨论。水体在供人类使用的允许范围内。Chacalapilla泉水为中等硬度(85 mg CaCO3∙L-1)，而7个水体的COD均超过允许限量(40 ~ 200 mg∙L-1);因此，水在污染分类范围内，不适合人类饮用。地表径流值表明植被覆盖处于中等保护状态;盖度越高的地区，径流系数越低。理化参数表明，Pluma Hidalgo和Santa María Huatulco的水适合人类使用，但不适合饮用
{"title":"Water supply and water runoff quality in the sub deciduous forest of the Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Estrella E. Blancas-Díaz, E. Castañeda-Hidalgo, C. Robles, G. Rodríguez-Ortiz, G. M. Santiago-Martínez, Y. Villegas-Aparicio","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.063","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Land use change and waste discharge from coffee processing may be affecting quantity and quality of water supplying urban areas in the coastal region of Oaxaca.Objective: To determine the level of contamination of aquifers and estimate surface water runoff in micro-watersheds of Pluma Hidalgo and Santa María Huatulco in Oaxaca, Mexico.Materials and methods: Seven water supply points were analyzed during the rainy season of 2019. The following physicochemical parameters were determined: pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, total solids, chlorides, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Surface runoff was estimated using the Raws and Prevert methods.Results and discussion. Water bodies are within the permissible limits for human use. The Chacalapilla spring was classified as moderately hard (85 mg CaCO3∙L-1), while the seven water bodies exceeded the permissible limit for COD (40 to 200 mg∙L-1); therefore, water is in a contaminated classification range and is not suitable for human consumption. Surface runoff values suggest a medium conservation condition of vegetation cover; areas with higher cover recorded lower runoff coefficients.Conclusions. The physicochemical parameters indicated that water from Pluma Hidalgo and Santa María Huatulco is suitable for human use, but not for drinking","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45252911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.016
J. A. Nájera-Luna, J. Méndez-González, F. Cruz-Cobos, F. Hernández
Introduction: Sawmill work is a dangerous occupation because it involves handling materials and equipment that exposes workers to many risks that can affect their health and safety.Objective: To identify injuries, parts of the body affected and agents that cause accidents in sawmill workers in the region of El Salto, Durango.Materials and methods:A structured survey was applied to 300 workers in 26 sawmills and pallet mills to determine typology, damages and cause of injuries suffered in the last five years.Results and discussion: In the sawmills of El Salto, the most important positions are occupied by people of older age and work experience, regardless of their level of schooling; they have suffered one to five accidents in the last five years and only 32 % have received occupational safety training. The most frequent injuries were caused by hits and crushing body parts of assistants (57 %), open wounds in operators (16 %) and sprains (15 %). The mechanisms causing these injuries were getting stuck by moving objects (30 %), hitting against moving objects (23.3 %), falling objects (14.3 %) and false moves (13.7 %). Fingers were the most affected (35 %) due to a hit and by getting stuck. Conclusions: Safety training is limited, leading to 95 % of workers with injuries with different degrees of severity. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.
{"title":"Type, effects and cause of injuries suffered by workers in the sawmill industry of El Salto, Durango, Mexico","authors":"J. A. Nájera-Luna, J. Méndez-González, F. Cruz-Cobos, F. Hernández","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sawmill work is a dangerous occupation because it involves handling materials and equipment that exposes workers to many risks that can affect their health and safety.Objective: To identify injuries, parts of the body affected and agents that cause accidents in sawmill workers in the region of El Salto, Durango.Materials and methods:A structured survey was applied to 300 workers in 26 sawmills and pallet mills to determine typology, damages and cause of injuries suffered in the last five years.Results and discussion: In the sawmills of El Salto, the most important positions are occupied by people of older age and work experience, regardless of their level of schooling; they have suffered one to five accidents in the last five years and only 32 % have received occupational safety training. The most frequent injuries were caused by hits and crushing body parts of assistants (57 %), open wounds in operators (16 %) and sprains (15 %). The mechanisms causing these injuries were getting stuck by moving objects (30 %), hitting against moving objects (23.3 %), falling objects (14.3 %) and false moves (13.7 %). Fingers were the most affected (35 %) due to a hit and by getting stuck. Conclusions: Safety training is limited, leading to 95 % of workers with injuries with different degrees of severity. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45287601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.053
Dolores Adilene García-González, M. S. Santos-Díaz, J. P. Flores-Márgez, Pedro Osuna-Ávila
Introduction: The list of threatened species is enhancing and needs to be revised by integrating plant tissue culture tools with conventional techniques that support the appropriate management of these species. Objective: To assess the effects of the growth regulators for the induction of somatic embryos from mature seeds, shoots, and compact green callus of Echinocactus parryi Engelm. and the histological analysis of the embryogenic structures. Materials and methods: A completely randomized design was utilized to evaluate three types of explants (apical, medium, and basal) cultured on basal Murashige & Skoog media (MS) with different growth regulators concentrations (2, 4-D [dichlorophenoxy acetic acid], BAP [6-benzylaminopurine] and kinetin, at four levels: 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg∙L -1 ). Histological analysis of the embryogenic structures was performed. Results and discussion: The 2, 4-D induced both embryogenic and organogenic callus from seeds and shoot explants. The globular stage did not evolve to their maturity, presumably because of 2, 4-D accumulation. The compact callus explants were the more efficient to induce 19.2 somatic embryos per explant when they were cultured in the medium with 0.5 mg∙L -1 kinetin. However, the latest phases did not germinate, probably due to abnormalities generated by genetic and epigenetic changes in the DNA that can cause abnormal somatic embryos. The histology image demonstrated that the globular and torpedo structures were visible under a microscope showing stained nucleus and numerous starch grains. Conclusions: E. parryi is a species that can produce a high number of embryogenic structures, which represents a great potential to grow massive plants.
{"title":"Effects of the growth regulators for the induction of somatic embryos from explants in an endemic and threatened Echinocactus parryi Engelm.","authors":"Dolores Adilene García-González, M. S. Santos-Díaz, J. P. Flores-Márgez, Pedro Osuna-Ávila","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.053","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The list of threatened species is enhancing and needs to be revised by integrating plant tissue culture tools with conventional techniques that support the appropriate management of these species. Objective: To assess the effects of the growth regulators for the induction of somatic embryos from mature seeds, shoots, and compact green callus of Echinocactus parryi Engelm. and the histological analysis of the embryogenic structures. Materials and methods: A completely randomized design was utilized to evaluate three types of explants (apical, medium, and basal) cultured on basal Murashige & Skoog media (MS) with different growth regulators concentrations (2, 4-D [dichlorophenoxy acetic acid], BAP [6-benzylaminopurine] and kinetin, at four levels: 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg∙L -1 ). Histological analysis of the embryogenic structures was performed. Results and discussion: The 2, 4-D induced both embryogenic and organogenic callus from seeds and shoot explants. The globular stage did not evolve to their maturity, presumably because of 2, 4-D accumulation. The compact callus explants were the more efficient to induce 19.2 somatic embryos per explant when they were cultured in the medium with 0.5 mg∙L -1 kinetin. However, the latest phases did not germinate, probably due to abnormalities generated by genetic and epigenetic changes in the DNA that can cause abnormal somatic embryos. The histology image demonstrated that the globular and torpedo structures were visible under a microscope showing stained nucleus and numerous starch grains. Conclusions: E. parryi is a species that can produce a high number of embryogenic structures, which represents a great potential to grow massive plants.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48762590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.07.047
A. G. Villalba-Villalba, B. González-Méndez
Introduction: Metal pollution is one of the major environmental problems. Some metals are toxic at very low concentrations, bioaccumulate and do not decompose to non-toxic forms. Objective: To isolate a strain of microscopic fungus in a site contaminated with toxic metals and to evaluate the tolerance to these substances. Materials and methods: Fungi were isolated from the soil of an abandoned lead mine. Tolerance index of fungi to cadmium, mercury and lead was evaluated individually at concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 350 and 500 ppm; in addition, a multimetal system (mixture) with cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead was evaluated at 4, 8, 16, 64, 80, 120, 200 and 400 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined. Results and discussion: The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus terreus, which showed high tolerance indices for lead (0.9) at all concentrations tested and indices of 0.8 at most mercury concentrations. Cadmium was the most toxic metal; tolerance indices of 0.56 and 0.2 were observed at 50 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. High tolerance indices (0.9) were observed in the multimetal system up to 64 ppm. MIC was greater than 500 ppm with lead and mercury, less than 250 ppm with cadmium and greater than 400 ppm with the multimetal system. Conclusion: A. terreus showed high tolerance to lead at all concentrations tested. The level of tolerance is influenced by the type of metal.
{"title":"Evaluating Aspergillus terreus tolerance to toxic metals","authors":"A. G. Villalba-Villalba, B. González-Méndez","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.07.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.07.047","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Metal pollution is one of the major environmental problems. Some metals are toxic at very low concentrations, bioaccumulate and do not decompose to non-toxic forms. Objective: To isolate a strain of microscopic fungus in a site contaminated with toxic metals and to evaluate the tolerance to these substances. Materials and methods: Fungi were isolated from the soil of an abandoned lead mine. Tolerance index of fungi to cadmium, mercury and lead was evaluated individually at concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 350 and 500 ppm; in addition, a multimetal system (mixture) with cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead was evaluated at 4, 8, 16, 64, 80, 120, 200 and 400 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined. Results and discussion: The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus terreus, which showed high tolerance indices for lead (0.9) at all concentrations tested and indices of 0.8 at most mercury concentrations. Cadmium was the most toxic metal; tolerance indices of 0.56 and 0.2 were observed at 50 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. High tolerance indices (0.9) were observed in the multimetal system up to 64 ppm. MIC was greater than 500 ppm with lead and mercury, less than 250 ppm with cadmium and greater than 400 ppm with the multimetal system. Conclusion: A. terreus showed high tolerance to lead at all concentrations tested. The level of tolerance is influenced by the type of metal.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.050
A. D. Ortiz-Reyes, J. Valdez-Lazalde, G. Ángeles-Pérez, H. D. L. Santos-Posadas, L. Schneider, C. Aguirre-Salado, A. Peduzzi, Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales Colegio de Postgraduados
Introduction: Tropical forests represent complex and dynamic ecosystems that cover extensive areas, hence the importance of determining biomass content and representing spatial variability. Objective: Estimating and mapping aboveground biomass and its associated uncertainty for medium-stature semi-evergreen (SMSP) and semi-deciduous (SMSC) tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula. Materials and methods: Aboveground biomass was estimated as a function of explanatory variables taken from Landsat images and climatic variables, using the random Forest algorithm. Aboveground biomass was mapped from previous biomass estimates for stripes of the territory with the presence of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and field data. Uncertainty at the pixel level was estimated as the coefficient of variation. Results and discussion: A combination of climatic and spectral variables showed acceptable capacity to estimate biomass in the medium-stature semi-evergreen and semi-deciduous tropical forest with an explained variance of 50 % and RMSE (root mean squared error) of 34.2 Mg·ha -1 and 26.2 Mg·ha -1 , respectively, prevailing climate variables. SMSP biomass ranged from 4.0 to 185.7 Mg·ha -1 and SMSC ranged from 11.7 to 117 Mg·ha -1 . The lowest values of uncertainty were recorded for the medium-stature semi-evergreen tropical forest, being higher in areas with lower amounts of aboveground biomass. Conclusion: Aboveground biomass was estimated and mapped by the combined use of auxiliary variables with an acceptable accuracy, against uncertainty of predictions, which represents an opportunity for future improvement.
{"title":"Synergy of Landsat, climate and LiDAR data for aboveground biomass mapping in medium-stature tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico","authors":"A. D. Ortiz-Reyes, J. Valdez-Lazalde, G. Ángeles-Pérez, H. D. L. Santos-Posadas, L. Schneider, C. Aguirre-Salado, A. Peduzzi, Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales Colegio de Postgraduados","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.050","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tropical forests represent complex and dynamic ecosystems that cover extensive areas, hence the importance of determining biomass content and representing spatial variability. Objective: Estimating and mapping aboveground biomass and its associated uncertainty for medium-stature semi-evergreen (SMSP) and semi-deciduous (SMSC) tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula. Materials and methods: Aboveground biomass was estimated as a function of explanatory variables taken from Landsat images and climatic variables, using the random Forest algorithm. Aboveground biomass was mapped from previous biomass estimates for stripes of the territory with the presence of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and field data. Uncertainty at the pixel level was estimated as the coefficient of variation. Results and discussion: A combination of climatic and spectral variables showed acceptable capacity to estimate biomass in the medium-stature semi-evergreen and semi-deciduous tropical forest with an explained variance of 50 % and RMSE (root mean squared error) of 34.2 Mg·ha -1 and 26.2 Mg·ha -1 , respectively, prevailing climate variables. SMSP biomass ranged from 4.0 to 185.7 Mg·ha -1 and SMSC ranged from 11.7 to 117 Mg·ha -1 . The lowest values of uncertainty were recorded for the medium-stature semi-evergreen tropical forest, being higher in areas with lower amounts of aboveground biomass. Conclusion: Aboveground biomass was estimated and mapped by the combined use of auxiliary variables with an acceptable accuracy, against uncertainty of predictions, which represents an opportunity for future improvement.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43159702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.064
Raymundo F. Ramírez-Roacho, M. Guerrero-Cervantes, J. A. Prieto-Ruíz, M. Bocanegra-Salazar, J. A. Chávez-Simental, J. R. Goche-Télles
Introduction: In Mexico, there is a lack of information on morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of acorns of Quercus, which makes it difficult to make decisions on the use that can be made to the fruits. Objectives: To identify the morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of Quercus rugosaNée, Q. sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. and Q. deserticola Trel. acorns. Materials and methods: From each species, 10 trees were selected and 30 acorns per tree were collected. Mature acorns were characterized morphologically (polar and equatorial diameter, shell weight and total weight) and in physicochemical characterization (moisture, dry matter, ash, crude fiber and protein, ethereal extract and tannins) green and mature acorns were used. Differences among species and among maturity stages were determined with an analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.05) and subsequent Tukey’s test. Results and discussion: Morphology varied among species and among trees of the same species (P < 0.05); Q. deserticola had the largest acorn size (15.69 mm) and weight (1.94 g), and Q. sideroxylaproduced the smallest acorns. Maturity stage and species significantly (P < 0.05) influenced chemical composition; mature acorns had higher content of ethereal extract (8.88 %) and protein (8.40 %). Pearson’s correlation indicated that acorn weight was strongly associated with crown diameter and diameter at breast height. Conclusion: Significant differences were found in morphology and chemical composition of acorns of each species, although they inhabit sites with similar characteristics.
{"title":"Morphological, physical and chemical analysis of acorns from three oak species from Durango, Mexico","authors":"Raymundo F. Ramírez-Roacho, M. Guerrero-Cervantes, J. A. Prieto-Ruíz, M. Bocanegra-Salazar, J. A. Chávez-Simental, J. R. Goche-Télles","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.10.064","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Mexico, there is a lack of information on morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of acorns of Quercus, which makes it difficult to make decisions on the use that can be made to the fruits. Objectives: To identify the morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of Quercus rugosaNée, Q. sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. and Q. deserticola Trel. acorns. Materials and methods: From each species, 10 trees were selected and 30 acorns per tree were collected. Mature acorns were characterized morphologically (polar and equatorial diameter, shell weight and total weight) and in physicochemical characterization (moisture, dry matter, ash, crude fiber and protein, ethereal extract and tannins) green and mature acorns were used. Differences among species and among maturity stages were determined with an analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.05) and subsequent Tukey’s test. Results and discussion: Morphology varied among species and among trees of the same species (P < 0.05); Q. deserticola had the largest acorn size (15.69 mm) and weight (1.94 g), and Q. sideroxylaproduced the smallest acorns. Maturity stage and species significantly (P < 0.05) influenced chemical composition; mature acorns had higher content of ethereal extract (8.88 %) and protein (8.40 %). Pearson’s correlation indicated that acorn weight was strongly associated with crown diameter and diameter at breast height. Conclusion: Significant differences were found in morphology and chemical composition of acorns of each species, although they inhabit sites with similar characteristics.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42796555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.073
M. I. Higuita-Aguirre, J. D. León‐Peláez, Nelson W. Osorio-Vega
Introduction: Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. is a species with high potential for use in commercial reforestation. Knowledge of nutrient requirements in nursery increases the chances of success in the field by generating plants with adequate morphological and physiological characteristics. Objective: To identify the key nutrients for O. pyramidale growth in nursery and to characterize the associated visual symptoms of deficiency. Materials and methods: The design was completely randomized with 10 treatments: one treatment without fertilization, one treatment with complete fertilization (CF), and eight resulting from the CF treatment with suppression of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and cationic microelements (Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn). The effect of each treatment was determined by height, root collar diameter, aboveground dry biomass, root dry biomass, leaf area and relative growth rate. An analysis of variance and separation of means was performed using the Tukey's test (P < 0.05). Results and discussion: Nutrient suppression had significant effects (P < 0.05) on growth after six months in nursery. P was the most limiting element, followed by N. The other treatments showed no significant differences compared to the FC treatment. N suppression caused yellowing, and lack of P caused necrosis with subsequent death and detachment in leaves. B suppression showed no clear deficiency symptoms. Conclusion: O. pyramidale showed high nutrient uptake efficiency. Only N and P strongly limited its development, which represent the key nutrients for the species.
{"title":"Nutrient suppression effect on growth and development of Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. seedlings","authors":"M. I. Higuita-Aguirre, J. D. León‐Peláez, Nelson W. Osorio-Vega","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.12.073","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. is a species with high potential for use in commercial reforestation. Knowledge of nutrient requirements in nursery increases the chances of success in the field by generating plants with adequate morphological and physiological characteristics. Objective: To identify the key nutrients for O. pyramidale growth in nursery and to characterize the associated visual symptoms of deficiency. Materials and methods: The design was completely randomized with 10 treatments: one treatment without fertilization, one treatment with complete fertilization (CF), and eight resulting from the CF treatment with suppression of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and cationic microelements (Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn). The effect of each treatment was determined by height, root collar diameter, aboveground dry biomass, root dry biomass, leaf area and relative growth rate. An analysis of variance and separation of means was performed using the Tukey's test (P < 0.05). Results and discussion: Nutrient suppression had significant effects (P < 0.05) on growth after six months in nursery. P was the most limiting element, followed by N. The other treatments showed no significant differences compared to the FC treatment. N suppression caused yellowing, and lack of P caused necrosis with subsequent death and detachment in leaves. B suppression showed no clear deficiency symptoms. Conclusion: O. pyramidale showed high nutrient uptake efficiency. Only N and P strongly limited its development, which represent the key nutrients for the species.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70580518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.09.062
P. P. Bacca-Acosta, Jhon J. Zuluaga-Peláez, Álvaro A. Castaño-Colorado, Andrés F. Ardila-Fernández
Introduction: Determining growth and yield potential of a forest species is a requirement for management planning. One of the important forest species for the Tumaco region is Carapa guianensis (Aubl.), due to its high timber potential. Objective: To evaluate the growth potential of the native species C. guianensis (andiroba or tangare) in Tumaco, Colombia. Materials and methods: Permanent plots were established in which tree measurement variables were recorded for 90 even-aged individuals for 60 months. Mean annual increments were estimated and an allometric equation was fitted to estimate height from the diameter at 1.30 m (DBH). Results and discussion: At 60 months of age, C. guianensis trees showed survival between 70 and 87 %. Mean annual increase in diameter and height was 2.9 cm∙yr -1 and 2.3 cm∙yr -1 , respectively. By fitting linear and nonlinear models, we determine the following allometric equation . The species showed rapid diameter growth compared to other regions where it can take more than 50 years to reach a minimum usable diameter of 40 cm. Conclusion: Based on mean annual growth increments, and under the agroecological conditions of the region, C. guianensis is expected to reach maturity at an early age (before 50 years of age).
导言:确定森林物种的生长和产量潜力是管理规划的一项要求。由于具有很高的木材潜力，图马科地区重要的森林物种之一是卡拉帕guianensis (Aubl.)目的:评价哥伦比亚图马科地区本地种桂桦(andiroba或tangare)的生长潜力。材料与方法:建立固定样地，记录90例平均年龄个体60个月的树木测量变量。估计了平均年增量，并拟合了异速生长方程，从直径1.30 m (DBH)处估计高度。结果与讨论:60月龄时，桂树的存活率在70% ~ 87%之间。年平均直径和高度增长量分别为2.9 cm∙yr -1和2.3 cm∙yr -1。通过拟合线性和非线性模型，我们确定了以下异速生长方程。与其他地区相比，该物种的直径增长迅速，在其他地区，它可能需要50多年才能达到40厘米的最小可用直径。结论:基于年平均生长增量和本地区的农业生态条件，桂树有望在较早的年龄(50岁前)成熟。
{"title":"Growth potential of Carapa guianensis (Aubl.) in Tumaco, Colombia","authors":"P. P. Bacca-Acosta, Jhon J. Zuluaga-Peláez, Álvaro A. Castaño-Colorado, Andrés F. Ardila-Fernández","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.09.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.09.062","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Determining growth and yield potential of a forest species is a requirement for management planning. One of the important forest species for the Tumaco region is Carapa guianensis (Aubl.), due to its high timber potential. Objective: To evaluate the growth potential of the native species C. guianensis (andiroba or tangare) in Tumaco, Colombia. Materials and methods: Permanent plots were established in which tree measurement variables were recorded for 90 even-aged individuals for 60 months. Mean annual increments were estimated and an allometric equation was fitted to estimate height from the diameter at 1.30 m (DBH). Results and discussion: At 60 months of age, C. guianensis trees showed survival between 70 and 87 %. Mean annual increase in diameter and height was 2.9 cm∙yr -1 and 2.3 cm∙yr -1 , respectively. By fitting linear and nonlinear models, we determine the following allometric equation . The species showed rapid diameter growth compared to other regions where it can take more than 50 years to reach a minimum usable diameter of 40 cm. Conclusion: Based on mean annual growth increments, and under the agroecological conditions of the region, C. guianensis is expected to reach maturity at an early age (before 50 years of age).","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":"273 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70580138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.11.068
J. D. León‐Peláez
Introduction: Standing leaf litter represent an essential source of organic matter and nutrients to dynamize biogeochemical processes at the ecosystem level. Objectives: To characterize the accumulation and decomposition of organic materials and flow of nutrients from standing litter in an urban dry tropical forest in a successional stage, after 10 years of abandonment of agricultural activities, and to determine the potential use of three species in future active restoration activities. Materials and methods: Standing litter samples were collected from a forest fragment in Santa Marta, Colombia, separating leaves, reproductive material, woody material and other residues. Additionally, leaves of three species of interest for ecological restoration (Albizia niopoides Spruce ex Benth., Cordia alba [Jacq.] Roem. & Schult. and Machaerium milleflorum Dugand G. A.) were separated and Ca, Mg, K, N and P concentrations were determined. Results and discussion: Total standing litter was 8.3 Mg∙ha-1 with a mean residence time of two years. The leaves represented 20% of the standing litter, with a mean residence time of 1.4 years. Based on the decomposition constant (kj = 0.73) and the rate of leaf litterfall, organic matter returns accounted for 3.4 Mg∙ha-1∙year-1. Leaf decomposition rate decreased in the following order C. alba > M. milleflorum > A. niopoides. P represented the greatest limitation with low release rates (0.1 to 1.2 kg∙ha-1∙year-1). Conclusions: The passive restoration strategy allowed reactivation of biogeochemical cycle via fine leaf litter. Cordia alba showed potential for inclusion in restoration activities, with lower values for leaf N/P ratio, and higher rates for leaf litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient release.
在生态系统水平上，立叶凋落物是驱动生物地球化学过程的有机物质和营养物质的重要来源。目的:研究热带干旱林城市枯落物在放弃农业活动10年后的一个演替阶段中有机物质的积累、分解和养分的流动特征，并确定3种树种在未来积极恢复活动中的潜在利用价值。材料与方法:从哥伦比亚Santa Marta的一片森林碎片中采集凋落物样本，分离叶片、生殖物质、木质物质和其他残留物。此外，三种生态恢复感兴趣的物种(Albizia niopoides Spruce ex Benth)的叶片。，科尔迪亚阿尔巴[杰克]。Roem。& Schult。分离了千花千草(Machaerium milleflorum Dugand g.a)，测定了Ca、Mg、K、N和P的浓度。结果与讨论:总凋落物8.3 Mg∙ha-1，平均停留时间2年。落叶占直立凋落物的20%，平均停留时间为1.4年。以凋落叶分解常数(kj = 0.73)和凋落叶速率计算，有机质回报为3.4 Mg∙ha-1∙year-1。叶片分解速率依次递减顺序为:C. alba > M. milleflorum > A. niopoides。P的限制最大，释放率低(0.1 ~ 1.2 kg∙ha-1∙年-1)。结论:被动恢复策略可以通过细叶凋落物重新激活生物地球化学循环。白菖蒲叶片N/P值较低，叶片凋落物、凋落物分解和养分释放速率较高，具有纳入恢复活动的潜力。
{"title":"Reactivation of nutrient cycling in an urban tropical dry forest after abandonment of agricultural activities","authors":"J. D. León‐Peláez","doi":"10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.11.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.11.068","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Standing leaf litter represent an essential source of organic matter and nutrients to dynamize biogeochemical processes at the ecosystem level. Objectives: To characterize the accumulation and decomposition of organic materials and flow of nutrients from standing litter in an urban dry tropical forest in a successional stage, after 10 years of abandonment of agricultural activities, and to determine the potential use of three species in future active restoration activities. Materials and methods: Standing litter samples were collected from a forest fragment in Santa Marta, Colombia, separating leaves, reproductive material, woody material and other residues. Additionally, leaves of three species of interest for ecological restoration (Albizia niopoides Spruce ex Benth., Cordia alba [Jacq.] Roem. & Schult. and Machaerium milleflorum Dugand G. A.) were separated and Ca, Mg, K, N and P concentrations were determined. Results and discussion: Total standing litter was 8.3 Mg∙ha-1 with a mean residence time of two years. The leaves represented 20% of the standing litter, with a mean residence time of 1.4 years. Based on the decomposition constant (kj = 0.73) and the rate of leaf litterfall, organic matter returns accounted for 3.4 Mg∙ha-1∙year-1. Leaf decomposition rate decreased in the following order C. alba > M. milleflorum > A. niopoides. P represented the greatest limitation with low release rates (0.1 to 1.2 kg∙ha-1∙year-1). Conclusions: The passive restoration strategy allowed reactivation of biogeochemical cycle via fine leaf litter. Cordia alba showed potential for inclusion in restoration activities, with lower values for leaf N/P ratio, and higher rates for leaf litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient release.","PeriodicalId":54479,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales Y Del Ambiente","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70580498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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