Adhesive bonds are frequently used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering due to their ability to reduce damage to the adherend and their lightweight. However, their application is restricted by their inadequate durability and reliability in hostile environments. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are employed to enhance epoxy adhesives in this article. The thick adherend shear test is utilized to examine how the shear properties change with different water ageing times. Before exposure to water ageing conditions, GNP-reinforced adhesives exhibit a 3.51% increase compared with neat epoxy at a GNP content of 0.25 wt%. However, after 56 days of water ageing, the increase in shear strength is found to be 13.79%. This suggests that the well-dispersed GNP can reduce the degradation rate in shear properties by half, from 16.71 to 8.44%, at a GNP content of 0.25 wt%. Additionally, as water ageing time increases, the positive influence of GNP on shear properties becomes more evident. The addition of GNP delays the degradation of shear properties caused by water ageing conditions. The effect of GNP does not improve with higher GNP content. When the GNP contents increase to 1 wt%, the shear strength of the GNP-reinforced adhesive decreases compared to neat epoxy.
{"title":"Effect of water immersion on shear strength of epoxy adhesive filled with graphene nanoplatelets","authors":"Zhemin Jia, Qian Liu, Zhicheng Zhang","doi":"10.1515/rams-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Adhesive bonds are frequently used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering due to their ability to reduce damage to the adherend and their lightweight. However, their application is restricted by their inadequate durability and reliability in hostile environments. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are employed to enhance epoxy adhesives in this article. The thick adherend shear test is utilized to examine how the shear properties change with different water ageing times. Before exposure to water ageing conditions, GNP-reinforced adhesives exhibit a 3.51% increase compared with neat epoxy at a GNP content of 0.25 wt%. However, after 56 days of water ageing, the increase in shear strength is found to be 13.79%. This suggests that the well-dispersed GNP can reduce the degradation rate in shear properties by half, from 16.71 to 8.44%, at a GNP content of 0.25 wt%. Additionally, as water ageing time increases, the positive influence of GNP on shear properties becomes more evident. The addition of GNP delays the degradation of shear properties caused by water ageing conditions. The effect of GNP does not improve with higher GNP content. When the GNP contents increase to 1 wt%, the shear strength of the GNP-reinforced adhesive decreases compared to neat epoxy.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140802017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Abu Bakar Sulong, M. S. H. Al-Furjan, Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan
4D printing is recognised for its numerous potential applications due to its reaction towards stimulus factors. However, limited research has focused on what, why, and how this stimulus-response works. This study reveals the mechanism used to stimulate 4D printing reactions. Complex printing via design structure and mechanical control on fibre orientations are promising techniques compared with chemical modifications, which are difficult to control, particularly for commercialisation.
{"title":"Quick insight into the dynamic dimensions of 4D printing in polymeric composite mechanics","authors":"Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Abu Bakar Sulong, M. S. H. Al-Furjan, Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan","doi":"10.1515/rams-2024-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2024-0011","url":null,"abstract":"4D printing is recognised for its numerous potential applications due to its reaction towards stimulus factors. However, limited research has focused on what, why, and how this stimulus-response works. This study reveals the mechanism used to stimulate 4D printing reactions. Complex printing <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> design structure and mechanical control on fibre orientations are promising techniques compared with chemical modifications, which are difficult to control, particularly for commercialisation.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140802016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Zheng, Ali H. AlAteah, Ali Alsubeai, Sahar A. Mostafa
The utilization of waste glass with micro- and nanoparticles in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has garnered significant interest due to its potential to enhance sustainability and material performance. This study focuses on the implications of integrating microwaste glass (MG) and nanowaste glass in the presence of waste foundry sand and its impact on the properties of UHPC. The particular emphasis of the current work is on compressive strength, tensile strength, sorptivity, and microstructure. It is found that MG enhances compressive strength, decreased tensile strength, reduced sorptivity, and a more compact microstructure. The results indicate that replacing cement with 20% microglass achieves the optimal compressive strength by increasing up to 11.6% at 7 days, 9.5% at 28 days, and 10.18% at 56 days. Nanowaste glass, owing to its increased reactivity and larger surface area, accelerates calcium silicate hydrate formation and improves compressive strength. At the same time, the effective utilization of nanowaste glass improves long-term resilience with an optimum compressive strength at 1.5% replacement ratios of 17.5, 18.9, and 16% at 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. Splitting tensile strength increased by 16% at 20% MG and 21% at 1.5% nanowaste glass, respectively. Utilizing MG and nanowaste glass in UHPC with waste foundry sand is a promising method for boosting material performance and minimizing environmental impact.
{"title":"Integrating micro- and nanowaste glass with waste foundry sand in ultra-high-performance concrete to enhance material performance and sustainability","authors":"Dong Zheng, Ali H. AlAteah, Ali Alsubeai, Sahar A. Mostafa","doi":"10.1515/rams-2024-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2024-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of waste glass with micro- and nanoparticles in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has garnered significant interest due to its potential to enhance sustainability and material performance. This study focuses on the implications of integrating microwaste glass (MG) and nanowaste glass in the presence of waste foundry sand and its impact on the properties of UHPC. The particular emphasis of the current work is on compressive strength, tensile strength, sorptivity, and microstructure. It is found that MG enhances compressive strength, decreased tensile strength, reduced sorptivity, and a more compact microstructure. The results indicate that replacing cement with 20% microglass achieves the optimal compressive strength by increasing up to 11.6% at 7 days, 9.5% at 28 days, and 10.18% at 56 days. Nanowaste glass, owing to its increased reactivity and larger surface area, accelerates calcium silicate hydrate formation and improves compressive strength. At the same time, the effective utilization of nanowaste glass improves long-term resilience with an optimum compressive strength at 1.5% replacement ratios of 17.5, 18.9, and 16% at 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. Splitting tensile strength increased by 16% at 20% MG and 21% at 1.5% nanowaste glass, respectively. Utilizing MG and nanowaste glass in UHPC with waste foundry sand is a promising method for boosting material performance and minimizing environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Nasir Amin, Ahmed A. Alawi Al-Naghi, Roz-Ud-Din Nassar, Omar Algassem, Suleman Ayub Khan, Ahmed Farouk Deifalla
Using artificial intelligence-based tools, this research aims to establish a direct correlation between the alkali-activated concrete (AAC) mix design factors and their performances. More specifically, the machine learning system was fed new property data obtained from AAC mixes used in laboratory experiments. The rheological parameters (yield stress [static/dynamic] and plastic viscosity) of AAC were predicted using the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) and bagging ensemble (BE) models. In addition, the R2 values, k-fold analyses, statistical checks, and the dissimilarity between the experimental and predicted compressive strength were employed to assess the performance of the created models. Also, the SHapley additive exPlanation (SHAP) approach was used for examining the relevance of influencing parameters. The BE approach was found to be significantly accurate in all prediction models, with R2 greater than 0.90, and MLPNN models were found to be moderately precise, with R2 slightly below 0.90. However, the error assessment through statistical checks and k-fold analysis also validated the higher precision of BE models over the MLPNN models. Building models that can calculate rheological properties of AAC for different values of input parameters could save a lot of time and money compared to doing the tests in a laboratory. In order to ascertain the required amounts of raw materials of AAC, investigators, as well as businesses, may find the SHAP study helpful.
{"title":"Investigating the rheological characteristics of alkali-activated concrete using contemporary artificial intelligence approaches","authors":"Muhammad Nasir Amin, Ahmed A. Alawi Al-Naghi, Roz-Ud-Din Nassar, Omar Algassem, Suleman Ayub Khan, Ahmed Farouk Deifalla","doi":"10.1515/rams-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Using artificial intelligence-based tools, this research aims to establish a direct correlation between the alkali-activated concrete (AAC) mix design factors and their performances. More specifically, the machine learning system was fed new property data obtained from AAC mixes used in laboratory experiments. The rheological parameters (yield stress [static/dynamic] and plastic viscosity) of AAC were predicted using the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) and bagging ensemble (BE) models. In addition, the <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> values, k-fold analyses, statistical checks, and the dissimilarity between the experimental and predicted compressive strength were employed to assess the performance of the created models. Also, the SHapley additive exPlanation (SHAP) approach was used for examining the relevance of influencing parameters. The BE approach was found to be significantly accurate in all prediction models, with <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> greater than 0.90, and MLPNN models were found to be moderately precise, with <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> slightly below 0.90. However, the error assessment through statistical checks and k-fold analysis also validated the higher precision of BE models over the MLPNN models. Building models that can calculate rheological properties of AAC for different values of input parameters could save a lot of time and money compared to doing the tests in a laboratory. In order to ascertain the required amounts of raw materials of AAC, investigators, as well as businesses, may find the SHAP study helpful.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To tackle the challenge of dislocation damage when tunnels traverse active fault zones, this study introduces the concept of using brittle buffer materials for anti-dislocation. Building on this concept, we propose a novel concrete buffer material utilizing large-sized spherical super absorbent polymers (SAP) as a porogen, aimed at ensuring the safety of tunnel structures during active fault dislocations. To investigate the feasibility and superiority of SAP concrete as a buffer material compared to other similar materials, we prepared samples with three different SAP concrete proportions and conducted a series of physical and mechanical tests. The results show that SAP pre-hydrated with 0.2 mol·L−1 sodium carbonate solution exhibits a slower rate of moisture loss in the cement slurry, aiding the hydration reaction of concrete. The permeability coefficient of SAP concrete is approximately 10−7 cm·s−1, slightly lower than foam concrete of the same density level. SAP concrete buffer material demonstrates significant brittleness, in contrast to the mostly ductile nature of other buffers such as foam concrete and rubberized concrete. Utilizing the brittle nature of SAP concrete materials, when applied to tunnels affected by stick–slip active fault dislocations, its instantaneous loss of compressive capacity provides excellent yield performance, thus protecting the tunnel lining from damage. However, under certain circumferential pressure conditions, both the peak and residual strength of SAP concrete significantly increase. High peak and residual strengths do not favor the effective buffering effect of SAP concrete; therefore, an approach involving the intermittent arrangement of precast buffer blocks has been proposed for application.
为了应对隧道穿越活动断层带时发生错位破坏的挑战，本研究提出了使用脆性缓冲材料抗错位的概念。在这一概念的基础上，我们提出了一种新型混凝土缓冲材料，利用大尺寸球形超吸收聚合物（SAP）作为致孔剂，旨在确保隧道结构在活动断层错位时的安全。为了研究 SAP 混凝土作为缓冲材料的可行性以及与其他类似材料相比的优越性，我们制备了三种不同比例的 SAP 混凝土样品，并进行了一系列物理和力学测试。结果表明，用 0.2 mol-L-1 碳酸钠溶液预水化的 SAP 在水泥浆中的水分流失速度较慢，有助于混凝土的水化反应。SAP 混凝土的渗透系数约为 10-7 cm-s-1，略低于相同密度水平的泡沫混凝土。SAP 混凝土缓冲材料具有明显的脆性，与泡沫混凝土和橡胶混凝土等其他缓冲材料的韧性形成鲜明对比。利用 SAP 混凝土材料的脆性，当应用于受粘滑活动断层错位影响的隧道时，其瞬间失去的抗压能力可提供出色的屈服性能，从而保护隧道衬砌免受损坏。然而，在某些圆周压力条件下，SAP 混凝土的峰值强度和残余强度都会显著增加。高峰值强度和残余强度不利于 SAP 混凝土发挥有效的缓冲作用；因此，有人提出了一种间歇布置预制缓冲块的应用方法。
{"title":"Mechanical testing and engineering applicability analysis of SAP concrete used in buffer layer design for tunnels in active fault zones","authors":"Cao Jun, Wu Zheshu, Cui Zhen, Mei Xiancheng","doi":"10.1515/rams-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"To tackle the challenge of dislocation damage when tunnels traverse active fault zones, this study introduces the concept of using brittle buffer materials for anti-dislocation. Building on this concept, we propose a novel concrete buffer material utilizing large-sized spherical super absorbent polymers (SAP) as a porogen, aimed at ensuring the safety of tunnel structures during active fault dislocations. To investigate the feasibility and superiority of SAP concrete as a buffer material compared to other similar materials, we prepared samples with three different SAP concrete proportions and conducted a series of physical and mechanical tests. The results show that SAP pre-hydrated with 0.2 mol·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> sodium carbonate solution exhibits a slower rate of moisture loss in the cement slurry, aiding the hydration reaction of concrete. The permeability coefficient of SAP concrete is approximately 10<jats:sup>−7</jats:sup> cm·s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, slightly lower than foam concrete of the same density level. SAP concrete buffer material demonstrates significant brittleness, in contrast to the mostly ductile nature of other buffers such as foam concrete and rubberized concrete. Utilizing the brittle nature of SAP concrete materials, when applied to tunnels affected by stick–slip active fault dislocations, its instantaneous loss of compressive capacity provides excellent yield performance, thus protecting the tunnel lining from damage. However, under certain circumferential pressure conditions, both the peak and residual strength of SAP concrete significantly increase. High peak and residual strengths do not favor the effective buffering effect of SAP concrete; therefore, an approach involving the intermittent arrangement of precast buffer blocks has been proposed for application.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haitham Osman, Norah Salem Alsaiari, Abdelfattah Amari, Mohamed A. Tahoon
Using an easy mechanical agitation process at room temperature, a metal–organic framework (MOF) based on metallic Zn(ii), organic linker benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (Zn-BTC), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and nanocellulose are combined to create a novel composite material called Fe3O4/NC/MOF. Various tools were used to characterize the created composite. Congo red, Basic Blue 54 (BB 54), Basic Violet 14 (BV 14), and Acid red 88 (AR 88) dyes were effectively eliminated from water using Fe3O4/NC/MOF. A number of variables were investigated, including pH, temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage. To understand the specific adsorption process, a number of kinetic models were used, including the intra-particle diffusion model, Elovich’s kinetic model, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The most accurate description of dye sorption kinetics comes from the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Also, the Langmuir model is more accurate to describe isotherms than Freundlich and Temkin models. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters were obtained and examined, including enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS). After four cycles, the Fe3O4/NC/MOF demonstrated good recyclability. According to experimental research, this adsorbent is promising to enhance the quality of environmental water that has been tainted with organic dyes.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of a novel ternary magnetic composite for the enhanced adsorption capacity to remove organic dyes","authors":"Haitham Osman, Norah Salem Alsaiari, Abdelfattah Amari, Mohamed A. Tahoon","doi":"10.1515/rams-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Using an easy mechanical agitation process at room temperature, a metal–organic framework (MOF) based on metallic Zn(<jats:sc>ii</jats:sc>), organic linker benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (Zn-BTC), Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoparticles, and nanocellulose are combined to create a novel composite material called Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/NC/MOF. Various tools were used to characterize the created composite. Congo red, Basic Blue 54 (BB 54), Basic Violet 14 (BV 14), and Acid red 88 (AR 88) dyes were effectively eliminated from water using Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/NC/MOF. A number of variables were investigated, including pH, temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage. To understand the specific adsorption process, a number of kinetic models were used, including the intra-particle diffusion model, Elovich’s kinetic model, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The most accurate description of dye sorption kinetics comes from the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Also, the Langmuir model is more accurate to describe isotherms than Freundlich and Temkin models. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters were obtained and examined, including enthalpy (Δ<jats:italic>H</jats:italic>), Gibbs free energy (Δ<jats:italic>G</jats:italic>), and entropy (Δ<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>). After four cycles, the Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/NC/MOF demonstrated good recyclability. According to experimental research, this adsorbent is promising to enhance the quality of environmental water that has been tainted with organic dyes.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxuan Zhang, Shi Yan, Lili Jiang, Tiancong Fan, Junjun Zhai, Hanhua Li
In this study, the mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composite laminates under low-velocity impact and compression after impact (CAI) tests were studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The impact response under different impact times, impact angles, and impact distance is studied. Similarly, in CAI test, DIC technique is used to reveal the whole process of NCF composite compression failure, and SEM is used to reveal the microscopic failure form. The experimental results show that the impact damage process of NCF composites has strong directivity. The concrete manifestation is that the internal failure will extend along the paving direction at the failure layer. The peak load generated under 20 J impact energy is about 1/2 of that under 40 J impact energy. The impact distance is one of the important factors affecting the coupling effect of multiple impacts, and the impact angle has little effect on the internal damage extension. The proportion of internal damage area also supports the relevant view, that is, the average difference in the proportion of internal damage area under different impact distance is about 5%, while the average difference in the proportion of internal damage area under different impact angles is about 3%. During the compression process, the main failure mode is shear failure and the failure mode is brittle fracture. The oblique fracture occurs only when the oblique is 45° and the impact distance is large (50 mm). The impact angle has little effect on the residual compression performance of NCF.
{"title":"Couple effects of multi-impact damage and CAI capability on NCF composites","authors":"Yuxuan Zhang, Shi Yan, Lili Jiang, Tiancong Fan, Junjun Zhai, Hanhua Li","doi":"10.1515/rams-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composite laminates under low-velocity impact and compression after impact (CAI) tests were studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The impact response under different impact times, impact angles, and impact distance is studied. Similarly, in CAI test, DIC technique is used to reveal the whole process of NCF composite compression failure, and SEM is used to reveal the microscopic failure form. The experimental results show that the impact damage process of NCF composites has strong directivity. The concrete manifestation is that the internal failure will extend along the paving direction at the failure layer. The peak load generated under 20 J impact energy is about 1/2 of that under 40 J impact energy. The impact distance is one of the important factors affecting the coupling effect of multiple impacts, and the impact angle has little effect on the internal damage extension. The proportion of internal damage area also supports the relevant view, that is, the average difference in the proportion of internal damage area under different impact distance is about 5%, while the average difference in the proportion of internal damage area under different impact angles is about 3%. During the compression process, the main failure mode is shear failure and the failure mode is brittle fracture. The oblique fracture occurs only when the oblique is 45° and the impact distance is large (50 mm). The impact angle has little effect on the residual compression performance of NCF.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah Shalwan, Abdalrahman Alajmi, Belal Yousif
In industry, synthetic fibre reinforcements are popular due to their cost-effectiveness and lightweight nature. However, the non-reusability and non-degradability have raised environmental concerns and prompted scientists to explore more environmentally friendly alternatives. Natural fibres are being investigated as potential replacements to address these issues and promote sustainability. This study investigated the effect of fibre loading and orientation on the heat conductivity of polymer resins using a finite element-based numerical model developed in our previous research. The numerical analysis was conducted in ANSYS® modelling and simulation using glass and sisal fibres in combination with three distinct matrix materials (epoxy, polyester, and vinyl ester). Different orientations (parallel, perpendicular, 45°, and normal) and volume of fibre fractions (20–35%) were used for the analysis. The properties of the materials were incorporated into the ANSYS Engineering database, and the composite model was divided into five segments to analyse the heat transfer. The thermal boundary condition was implemented by keeping one side of the cylinder at 120°C. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the composites decreased as the volume fraction of natural fibres increased. Epoxy-based composites exhibited better insulation performance than polyester and vinyl ester-based composites. This study demonstrated the potential of using natural fibres to improve the thermal insulation properties of composites.
{"title":"Theoretical study of the effect of orientations and fibre volume on the thermal insulation capability of reinforced polymer composites","authors":"Abdullah Shalwan, Abdalrahman Alajmi, Belal Yousif","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0190","url":null,"abstract":"In industry, synthetic fibre reinforcements are popular due to their cost-effectiveness and lightweight nature. However, the non-reusability and non-degradability have raised environmental concerns and prompted scientists to explore more environmentally friendly alternatives. Natural fibres are being investigated as potential replacements to address these issues and promote sustainability. This study investigated the effect of fibre loading and orientation on the heat conductivity of polymer resins using a finite element-based numerical model developed in our previous research. The numerical analysis was conducted in ANSYS® modelling and simulation using glass and sisal fibres in combination with three distinct matrix materials (epoxy, polyester, and vinyl ester). Different orientations (parallel, perpendicular, 45°, and normal) and volume of fibre fractions (20–35%) were used for the analysis. The properties of the materials were incorporated into the ANSYS Engineering database, and the composite model was divided into five segments to analyse the heat transfer. The thermal boundary condition was implemented by keeping one side of the cylinder at 120°C. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the composites decreased as the volume fraction of natural fibres increased. Epoxy-based composites exhibited better insulation performance than polyester and vinyl ester-based composites. This study demonstrated the potential of using natural fibres to improve the thermal insulation properties of composites.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of titanium gypsum instead of gypsum as a raw material for the preparation of gypsum-slag cementitious materials (GSCM) can reduce the cost and improve the utilization of solid waste. However, titanium gypsum contains impurities such as Fe2O3, MgO, and TiO2, which make its effect on the performance of GSCM uncertain. To investigate this issue, GSCM doped with different ratios of Fe2O3, MgO, and TiO2 were prepared in this study, the setting time and the strength of GSCM at 3, 7, and 28 days were tested. The effects of different oxides on the performance of GSCM were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The experimental results showed that Fe2O3, MgO, and TiO2 all had a certain procoagulant effect on GSCM and a slight effect on the strength. Through micro-analysis, it was found that the main hydration products of GSCM were AFt phase and calcium–alumina–silicate–hydrate (C–(A)–S–H) gels. Fe-rich C–(A)–S–H gels were observed with the addition of Fe2O3, and Mg(OH)2 and M–S–H gels were observed with the addition of MgO. The addition of TiO2 did not result in new hydration products from GSCM.
{"title":"Effect of impurity components in titanium gypsum on the setting time and mechanical properties of gypsum-slag cementitious materials","authors":"Yilin Li, Zhirong Jia, Shuaijun Li, Peiqing Li, Xuekun Jiang, Zhong Zhang, Bin Yu","doi":"10.1515/rams-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The use of titanium gypsum instead of gypsum as a raw material for the preparation of gypsum-slag cementitious materials (GSCM) can reduce the cost and improve the utilization of solid waste. However, titanium gypsum contains impurities such as Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, MgO, and TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, which make its effect on the performance of GSCM uncertain. To investigate this issue, GSCM doped with different ratios of Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, MgO, and TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> were prepared in this study, the setting time and the strength of GSCM at 3, 7, and 28 days were tested. The effects of different oxides on the performance of GSCM were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The experimental results showed that Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, MgO, and TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> all had a certain procoagulant effect on GSCM and a slight effect on the strength. Through micro-analysis, it was found that the main hydration products of GSCM were AFt phase and calcium–alumina–silicate–hydrate (C–(A)–S–H) gels. Fe-rich C–(A)–S–H gels were observed with the addition of Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, and Mg(OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and M–S–H gels were observed with the addition of MgO. The addition of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> did not result in new hydration products from GSCM.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140312485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multilayer adhesive bonded structures/materials (MABS) are widely used as structural components, especially in the field of aerospace. However, for MABS workpieces, the facts that the weak echo of the deep interfacial debonding defects (DB) caused by the large acoustic attenuation coefficient of each layer and this echo, which generally aliases with the excitation wave and the backwall echo of the surface layer, pose a great challenge for the conventional longitudinal wave ultrasonic nondestructive testing methods. In this work, an ultrasonic resonance evaluation method for deep interfacial DBs of MABS is proposed based on the ultrasonic resonance theory and the aliasing effect of ultrasonic waves in MABS. Theoretical and simulation analysis show that the optimal inspection frequency for II-interfacial DBs is 500 kHz when the shell thickness is 1.5 mm and the ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) thickness is 1.5 mm, and the optimal inspection frequency is 250 kHz when the shell thickness is 1.5 or 2.0 mm and the EPDM thickness is 2.0 mm. Verification experiments show that the presence of a DB in the II-interface causes a resonance effect, and in the same inspection configuration, the larger the defect size, the more pronounced this effect is. This resonance effect manifests itself as an increase in the amplitude and an increase in the vibration time of the A-scan signal as well as a pronounced change in the frequency of the received ultrasonic wave. In addition, the increase in the excitation voltage further highlights the ultrasonic resonance effect. Four imaging methods – the integrations of the signal and the signal envelope curve, the maximum amplitude of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the signal, and the signal energy – were used for C-scan imaging of ultrasonic resonance evaluation of MABS’s deep interfacial DBs and all these methods can clearly show the sizes and locations of the artificial defects and internal natural defect. The normalized C-scan imaging method proposed in this study can further highlight the weak changes in the signals in the C-scan image. The research results of this study have laid a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the ultrasonic resonance evaluation of MABS.
多层粘合结构/材料（MABS）被广泛用作结构部件，尤其是在航空航天领域。然而，对于 MABS 工件而言，由于各层的声衰减系数较大，深层界面脱粘缺陷（DB）的回声较弱，而且这种回声通常与表层的激励波和背壁回声相混淆，这给传统的纵波超声无损检测方法带来了巨大挑战。本文基于超声共振理论和 MABS 中超声波的混叠效应，提出了 MABS 深界面 DB 的超声共振评估方法。理论和仿真分析表明，当外壳厚度为 1.5 mm、乙丙橡胶（EPDM）厚度为 1.5 mm 时，II-界面 DB 的最佳检测频率为 500 kHz；当外壳厚度为 1.5 或 2.0 mm、乙丙橡胶厚度为 2.0 mm 时，最佳检测频率为 250 kHz。验证实验表明，在 II 接口中存在 DB 会导致共振效应，在相同的检测配置中，缺陷尺寸越大，这种效应越明显。这种共振效应表现为 A 扫描信号振幅的增加和振动时间的延长，以及接收到的超声波频率的明显变化。此外，激励电压的增加也进一步突出了超声共振效应。对 MABS 深界面 DB 超声共振评估的 C 扫描成像采用了四种成像方法--信号和信号包络曲线的积分、信号的快速傅立叶变换 (FFT) 最大振幅和信号能量，所有这些方法都能清晰地显示人工缺陷和内部天然缺陷的大小和位置。本研究提出的归一化 C 扫描成像方法可进一步突出 C 扫描图像中信号的微弱变化。本研究的研究成果为 MABS 的超声共振评价奠定了坚实的理论和实践基础。
{"title":"Ultrasonic resonance evaluation method for deep interfacial debonding defects of multilayer adhesive bonded materials","authors":"Canzhi Guo, Chunguang Xu, Dingguo Xiao, Guanggui Cheng, Yan Zhong, Jianning Ding","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0172","url":null,"abstract":"Multilayer adhesive bonded structures/materials (MABS) are widely used as structural components, especially in the field of aerospace. However, for MABS workpieces, the facts that the weak echo of the deep interfacial debonding defects (DB) caused by the large acoustic attenuation coefficient of each layer and this echo, which generally aliases with the excitation wave and the backwall echo of the surface layer, pose a great challenge for the conventional longitudinal wave ultrasonic nondestructive testing methods. In this work, an ultrasonic resonance evaluation method for deep interfacial DBs of MABS is proposed based on the ultrasonic resonance theory and the aliasing effect of ultrasonic waves in MABS. Theoretical and simulation analysis show that the optimal inspection frequency for II-interfacial DBs is 500 kHz when the shell thickness is 1.5 mm and the ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) thickness is 1.5 mm, and the optimal inspection frequency is 250 kHz when the shell thickness is 1.5 or 2.0 mm and the EPDM thickness is 2.0 mm. Verification experiments show that the presence of a DB in the II-interface causes a resonance effect, and in the same inspection configuration, the larger the defect size, the more pronounced this effect is. This resonance effect manifests itself as an increase in the amplitude and an increase in the vibration time of the A-scan signal as well as a pronounced change in the frequency of the received ultrasonic wave. In addition, the increase in the excitation voltage further highlights the ultrasonic resonance effect. Four imaging methods – the integrations of the signal and the signal envelope curve, the maximum amplitude of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the signal, and the signal energy – were used for C-scan imaging of ultrasonic resonance evaluation of MABS’s deep interfacial DBs and all these methods can clearly show the sizes and locations of the artificial defects and internal natural defect. The normalized C-scan imaging method proposed in this study can further highlight the weak changes in the signals in the C-scan image. The research results of this study have laid a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the ultrasonic resonance evaluation of MABS.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140312234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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