Qiong Tian, Yijun Lu, Ji Zhou, Shutong Song, Liming Yang, Tao Cheng, Jiandong Huang
As a potential replacement for traditional concrete, which has cracking and poor durability issues, self-healing concrete (SHC) has been the research subject. However, conducting lab trials can be expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, machine learning (ML)-based predictions can aid improved formulations of self-healing concrete. The aim of this work is to develop ML models that could analyze and forecast the rate of healing of the cracked area (CrA) of bacteria- and fiber-containing SHC. These models were constructed using gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) tools. The discrepancy between expected and desired results, statistical tests, Taylor’s diagram, and R2 values were additional metrics used to assess the constructed models. A SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach was used to evaluate which input attributes were highly relevant. With R2 = 0.93, MAE = 0.047, MAPE = 12.60%, and RMSE = 0.062, the GEP produced somewhat worse predictions than the MEP (R2 = 0.93, MAE = 0.033, MAPE = 9.60%, and RMSE = 0.044). Bacteria had an indirect (negative) relationship with the CrA of SHC, while fiber had a direct (positive) association, according to the SHAP study. The SHAP study might help researchers and companies figure out how much of each raw material is needed for SHCs. Therefore, MEP and GEP models can be used to generate and test SHC compositions based on bacteria and polymeric fibers.
{"title":"Exploring the viability of AI-aided genetic algorithms in estimating the crack repair rate of self-healing concrete","authors":"Qiong Tian, Yijun Lu, Ji Zhou, Shutong Song, Liming Yang, Tao Cheng, Jiandong Huang","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0179","url":null,"abstract":"As a potential replacement for traditional concrete, which has cracking and poor durability issues, self-healing concrete (SHC) has been the research subject. However, conducting lab trials can be expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, machine learning (ML)-based predictions can aid improved formulations of self-healing concrete. The aim of this work is to develop ML models that could analyze and forecast the rate of healing of the cracked area (CrA) of bacteria- and fiber-containing SHC. These models were constructed using gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) tools. The discrepancy between expected and desired results, statistical tests, Taylor’s diagram, and <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> values were additional metrics used to assess the constructed models. A SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach was used to evaluate which input attributes were highly relevant. With <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.93, MAE = 0.047, MAPE = 12.60%, and RMSE = 0.062, the GEP produced somewhat worse predictions than the MEP (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.93, MAE = 0.033, MAPE = 9.60%, and RMSE = 0.044). Bacteria had an indirect (negative) relationship with the CrA of SHC, while fiber had a direct (positive) association, according to the SHAP study. The SHAP study might help researchers and companies figure out how much of each raw material is needed for SHCs. Therefore, MEP and GEP models can be used to generate and test SHC compositions based on bacteria and polymeric fibers.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has been widely used in practical engineering construction. However, the ability of buildings to resist wind-induced vibration and earthquake effects plays an important role in building safety. It is urgent to ensure that recycled concrete still has good anti-vibration ability within the allowable strength range. By conducting damping tests on recycled concrete specimens, the results show that the damping performance of RAC is better improved compared with natural aggregate concrete. Moreover, the influence of internal factors of recycled aggregates and external environmental conditions on damping performance can be determined, and corresponding damping ratio prediction models can be constructed. However, the current prediction models still have limitations in theory and practice. The existing damping ratio prediction models have a large span of independent variables and do not consider the gradual carbonation effect in the actual environment over time. To overcome these limitations, a new damping ratio prediction model is proposed. Based on the replacement rate of recycled aggregates (RAs) and the amplitude of excitation force, the influence of modified admixtures and carbonation on damping performance is considered, and the corresponding model prediction formula is constructed. In addition, the influence mechanism is further demonstrated and explained from the macroscopic aspect of specimen profile and the microscopic aspect of electron microscopy tests. It is found that, considering both strength and cost factors, recycled concrete still has good damping performance when the replacement rate of recycled aggregates (RAs) is 40%.
{"title":"Development of a new damping ratio prediction model for recycled aggregate concrete: Incorporating modified admixtures and carbonation effects","authors":"Yawei Ma, Jian Wang, Xuyi Peng, Binxin Si","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0169","url":null,"abstract":"Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has been widely used in practical engineering construction. However, the ability of buildings to resist wind-induced vibration and earthquake effects plays an important role in building safety. It is urgent to ensure that recycled concrete still has good anti-vibration ability within the allowable strength range. By conducting damping tests on recycled concrete specimens, the results show that the damping performance of RAC is better improved compared with natural aggregate concrete. Moreover, the influence of internal factors of recycled aggregates and external environmental conditions on damping performance can be determined, and corresponding damping ratio prediction models can be constructed. However, the current prediction models still have limitations in theory and practice. The existing damping ratio prediction models have a large span of independent variables and do not consider the gradual carbonation effect in the actual environment over time. To overcome these limitations, a new damping ratio prediction model is proposed. Based on the replacement rate of recycled aggregates (RAs) and the amplitude of excitation force, the influence of modified admixtures and carbonation on damping performance is considered, and the corresponding model prediction formula is constructed. In addition, the influence mechanism is further demonstrated and explained from the macroscopic aspect of specimen profile and the microscopic aspect of electron microscopy tests. It is found that, considering both strength and cost factors, recycled concrete still has good damping performance when the replacement rate of recycled aggregates (RAs) is 40%.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140003485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingjing Liang, Huiyi He, Jun Yin, Yijie Liu, Jianzhang Huang, Zhigang Wu, Yun Zhai, David Hui, Lewei Yan
Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) metamaterials possess exceptional properties not commonly found in natural materials. TPMS metamaterials are used in lightweight structures and impact energy absorption structures due to their surface geometry and mechanical properties. The quasi-static mechanic properties of resin-based homogeneous and gradient TPMS structures manufactured by stereolithography are investigated in this study. The results of both experimental and numerical simulations reveal that the gradient TPMS structures have superior energy absorption abilities compared to the homogeneous TPMS structures. Furthermore, the benefits of gradient TPMS structures can be further enhanced by changing the gradient variation interval of the relative density and cell thickness of TPMS. If the slope and intercept of the C value function of the TPMS structures remain constant, selecting a design where the gradient direction of the cell aligns with the direction of the load on the material can enhance the energy absorption capability of the TPMS structures.
{"title":"Energy absorption of gradient triply periodic minimal surface structure manufactured by stereolithography","authors":"Yingjing Liang, Huiyi He, Jun Yin, Yijie Liu, Jianzhang Huang, Zhigang Wu, Yun Zhai, David Hui, Lewei Yan","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0185","url":null,"abstract":"Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) metamaterials possess exceptional properties not commonly found in natural materials. TPMS metamaterials are used in lightweight structures and impact energy absorption structures due to their surface geometry and mechanical properties. The quasi-static mechanic properties of resin-based homogeneous and gradient TPMS structures manufactured by stereolithography are investigated in this study. The results of both experimental and numerical simulations reveal that the gradient TPMS structures have superior energy absorption abilities compared to the homogeneous TPMS structures. Furthermore, the benefits of gradient TPMS structures can be further enhanced by changing the gradient variation interval of the relative density and cell thickness of TPMS. If the slope and intercept of the <jats:italic>C</jats:italic> value function of the TPMS structures remain constant, selecting a design where the gradient direction of the cell aligns with the direction of the load on the material can enhance the energy absorption capability of the TPMS structures.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139978128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strength prediction of pervious concrete is hard to implement for the mix design due to the porous structure. This work studied the influence of the water-to-cement ratio on the fluidity, viscosity, and mechanical properties of cement paste. Then, the porosity, permeability, and compressive strength of the pervious concrete with various porosities were investigated, and the test results were fitted and analyzed. The result indicates that as the water-to-cement ratio increases, the viscosity of the cement paste reduces and the fluidity increases. The water-to-cement ratio has a negative linear relationship with net slurry strength. The porosity and permeability of pervious concrete fluctuate in accordance with the same rule as the water-to-cement ratio changes. The compressive strength of pervious concrete with varying design porosities increases initially, then declines as the water-to-cement ratio rises. According to the linear fitting analysis, when the water-to-cement ratio is constant, the permeability and compressive strength of pervious concrete have a positive and negative linear relationship with the design porosity, respectively. By analyzing the fitting results and combining the volume method of pervious concrete, a calculation method for mix proportion design is proposed to predict the strength of pervious concrete.
{"title":"Research on the strength prediction for pervious concrete based on design porosity and water-to-cement ratio","authors":"Pingzhong Zhao, Xiaoyan Liu, Junqing Zuo, Huang Huangfu, Ruidan Liu, Xian Xie, Xinyu Wang, Tianyu Li, Dazhi Liu, Surendra P. Shah","doi":"10.1515/rams-2022-0335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2022-0335","url":null,"abstract":"The strength prediction of pervious concrete is hard to implement for the mix design due to the porous structure. This work studied the influence of the water-to-cement ratio on the fluidity, viscosity, and mechanical properties of cement paste. Then, the porosity, permeability, and compressive strength of the pervious concrete with various porosities were investigated, and the test results were fitted and analyzed. The result indicates that as the water-to-cement ratio increases, the viscosity of the cement paste reduces and the fluidity increases. The water-to-cement ratio has a negative linear relationship with net slurry strength. The porosity and permeability of pervious concrete fluctuate in accordance with the same rule as the water-to-cement ratio changes. The compressive strength of pervious concrete with varying design porosities increases initially, then declines as the water-to-cement ratio rises. According to the linear fitting analysis, when the water-to-cement ratio is constant, the permeability and compressive strength of pervious concrete have a positive and negative linear relationship with the design porosity, respectively. By analyzing the fitting results and combining the volume method of pervious concrete, a calculation method for mix proportion design is proposed to predict the strength of pervious concrete.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to enhance the hardness and wear of copper and Cu–TiO2-based composites while maintaining high electrical conductivity through friction stir processing (FSP). It assesses the impact of TiO2 volume fractions and groove widths (GWs) on the wear, hardness, resistivity, and microstructure of FSPed Cu and FSPed Cu–TiO2 surface composite. The samples obtained from the stir zone showed an increase in microhardness of the Cu–TiO2 surface composite due to particle refinement, uniform distribution, and efficient sticking of TiO2 with Cu. Furthermore, the wear rate increased with decreasing TiO2 volume fractions in the composite. The worn surface microstructural analysis indicated a transition from harsh to gentle wear with increasing TiO2 volume fractions and GWs. The average grain size reduced significantly in reinforced stir zones compared to pure Cu, and particle size decreased further with increasing groove size. Hardness increased by 25 and 50% compared to unprocessed Cu, but only a negligible increase in electrical resistivity (2.3% Ωm) after FSP.
{"title":"Enhancement of hardness and wear strength of pure Cu and Cu–TiO2 composites via a friction stir process while maintaining electrical resistivity","authors":"Ibrahim A. Alnaser, Mohammed Yunus","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0168","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to enhance the hardness and wear of copper and Cu–TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-based composites while maintaining high electrical conductivity through friction stir processing (FSP). It assesses the impact of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> volume fractions and groove widths (GWs) on the wear, hardness, resistivity, and microstructure of FSPed Cu and FSPed Cu–TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> surface composite. The samples obtained from the stir zone showed an increase in microhardness of the Cu–TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> surface composite due to particle refinement, uniform distribution, and efficient sticking of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> with Cu. Furthermore, the wear rate increased with decreasing TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> volume fractions in the composite. The worn surface microstructural analysis indicated a transition from harsh to gentle wear with increasing TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> volume fractions and GWs. The average grain size reduced significantly in reinforced stir zones compared to pure Cu, and particle size decreased further with increasing groove size. Hardness increased by 25 and 50% compared to unprocessed Cu, but only a negligible increase in electrical resistivity (2.3% Ωm) after FSP.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Zhang, Jia Su, Zhen Gao, Tianhang Zhang, Peng Zhang
The geopolymer mortar (GPM) prepared from industrial by-products and alkali activation solution (AAS) is one of the hot spots of current building materials. As a feasible alternative to natural river sand, manufactured sand (MS) alleviates the global ecological pressure. In this study, MS was used for fine aggregate. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution were used as AAS. Metakaolin (MK) and fly ash (FA) were used as the precursor to prepare MK-FA-based GPM with MS (MS-GPM), which was of great significance for saving non-renewable resources, mitigating the greenhouse effect, and recycling waste. Numerous studies were conducted to explore the effect of sand–precursor ratio (rsp) on mechanical and durability characteristics of MS-GPM. Relationships between compressive strength and tensile or flexural strength were established by linear fitting equation. Finally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to systematically calculate the effect of rsp on performance. The results indicated that the mechanical strength and impermeability of MS-GPM decreased and crack resistance increased with rsp from 1 to 5. The strength of MS-GPM was the best when rsp was 1. With the increase of rsp, the proportion of MS in MS-GPM increases, and the relative cementitious material decreases, which has an adverse impact on mechanical properties and impermeability. Linear fitting revealed that the compressive strength of MS-GPM was closely related to tensile strength and flexural strength. ANOVA results indicated that rsp in the range of 1–5 had great effects on the performance of MS-GPM. The aim of this article is to further promote the possibility of applying MS-GPM in practical engineering by designing reasonable rsp.
由工业副产品和碱活化液（AAS）制备的土工聚合物砂浆（GPM）是当前建筑材料的热点之一。人工砂（MS）作为天然河砂的可行替代品，可减轻全球生态压力。本研究使用人造砂作为细骨料。氢氧化钠（NaOH）和硅酸钠（Na2SiO3）溶液用作 AAS。以偏高岭土（MK）和粉煤灰（FA）为前驱体，制备以 MK-FA 为基础的 GPM 与 MS（MS-GPM），这对于节约不可再生资源、减轻温室效应和废物回收利用具有重要意义。为探讨砂-前驱体比率（r sp）对 MS-GPM 的机械和耐久性能的影响，进行了大量研究。通过线性拟合方程建立了抗压强度与拉伸或弯曲强度之间的关系。最后，采用方差分析（ANOVA）系统地计算了 r sp 对性能的影响。结果表明，随着 r sp 从 1 到 5 的增加，MS-GPM 的机械强度和抗渗性降低，抗裂性增加。随着 r sp 的增大，MS-GPM 中 MS 的比例增大，相对胶凝材料减少，对机械强度和抗渗性产生不利影响。线性拟合结果表明，MS-GPM 的抗压强度与抗拉强度和抗折强度密切相关。方差分析结果表明，r sp 在 1-5 之间对 MS-GPM 的性能有很大影响。本文旨在通过设计合理的 r sp，进一步提高 MS-GPM 在实际工程中应用的可能性。
{"title":"Effect of sand–precursor ratio on mechanical properties and durability of geopolymer mortar with manufactured sand","authors":"Peng Zhang, Jia Su, Zhen Gao, Tianhang Zhang, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0170","url":null,"abstract":"The geopolymer mortar (GPM) prepared from industrial by-products and alkali activation solution (AAS) is one of the hot spots of current building materials. As a feasible alternative to natural river sand, manufactured sand (MS) alleviates the global ecological pressure. In this study, MS was used for fine aggregate. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>SiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) solution were used as AAS. Metakaolin (MK) and fly ash (FA) were used as the precursor to prepare MK-FA-based GPM with MS (MS-GPM), which was of great significance for saving non-renewable resources, mitigating the greenhouse effect, and recycling waste. Numerous studies were conducted to explore the effect of sand–precursor ratio (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> <jats:sub>sp</jats:sub>) on mechanical and durability characteristics of MS-GPM. Relationships between compressive strength and tensile or flexural strength were established by linear fitting equation. Finally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to systematically calculate the effect of <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> <jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> on performance. The results indicated that the mechanical strength and impermeability of MS-GPM decreased and crack resistance increased with <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> <jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> from 1 to 5. The strength of MS-GPM was the best when <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> <jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> was 1. With the increase of <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> <jats:sub>sp</jats:sub>, the proportion of MS in MS-GPM increases, and the relative cementitious material decreases, which has an adverse impact on mechanical properties and impermeability. Linear fitting revealed that the compressive strength of MS-GPM was closely related to tensile strength and flexural strength. ANOVA results indicated that <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> <jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> in the range of 1–5 had great effects on the performance of MS-GPM. The aim of this article is to further promote the possibility of applying MS-GPM in practical engineering by designing reasonable <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> <jats:sub>sp</jats:sub>.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potluri Anudeep, M. Achyutha Kumar Reddy, Veerendrakumar C. Khed, Musa Adamu, Mada Varalakshmi, Yasser E. Ibrahim, Omar Shabbir Ahmed
The cement and construction industry creates around 10% of the global carbon footprint. Geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete provide a sustainable solution to conventional concrete. Due to its disadvantages, the practical usage of geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete is limited. Workability is one of the issues faced in developing geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes. Plenty of research was conducted to provide a solution to enhance the ability to use different superplasticizers (SPs). The present article extensively reviews the effects of SPs on geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes. The research articles published in the last 5 years in high-quality journals are considered for the chemical composition of the different SPs and analyses of their exact impact on geopolymer and alkali-activated cement mortar and concrete. Later, the impact of SPs on the normal consistency and setting times of cement mortar, workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, microstructure, and water absorption of geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete was determined. SPs improve the geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes upon their use in desired dosages; more dosage leads to negative effects. Therefore, selecting the optimal superplasticizer is essential since it impacts the performance of the geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete.
{"title":"Effect of superplasticizer in geopolymer and alkali-activated cement mortar/concrete: A review","authors":"Potluri Anudeep, M. Achyutha Kumar Reddy, Veerendrakumar C. Khed, Musa Adamu, Mada Varalakshmi, Yasser E. Ibrahim, Omar Shabbir Ahmed","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0173","url":null,"abstract":"The cement and construction industry creates around 10% of the global carbon footprint. Geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete provide a sustainable solution to conventional concrete. Due to its disadvantages, the practical usage of geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete is limited. Workability is one of the issues faced in developing geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes. Plenty of research was conducted to provide a solution to enhance the ability to use different superplasticizers (SPs). The present article extensively reviews the effects of SPs on geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes. The research articles published in the last 5 years in high-quality journals are considered for the chemical composition of the different SPs and analyses of their exact impact on geopolymer and alkali-activated cement mortar and concrete. Later, the impact of SPs on the normal consistency and setting times of cement mortar, workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, microstructure, and water absorption of geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete was determined. SPs improve the geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes upon their use in desired dosages; more dosage leads to negative effects. Therefore, selecting the optimal superplasticizer is essential since it impacts the performance of the geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenhao Li, Song Yang, Xiaoning Liu, Guoqing Xiao, Hongzhan San, Yanru Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhibo Yang
The introduction of ultrasonic vibration in the grinding process of γ-TiAl intermetallic compounds can significantly reduce its processing difficulty. It is of great significance to understand the grinding mechanism of γ-TiAl intermetallic compounds and improve the processing efficiency by studying the mechanism of ordinary grinding of abrasive grains. Based on this, this study proposes a grinding force prediction model based on single-grain ultrasonic assisted grinding (UAG) chip formation mechanism. First, the prediction model of grinding force is established based on the chip formation mechanism of abrasive sliding ordinary grinding and the theory of ultrasonic assisted machining, considering the plastic deformation and shear effect in the process of material processing. Second, the UAG experiment of γ-TiAl intermetallic compounds was carried out by using diamond grinding wheel, and the unknown coefficient in the model was determined. Finally, the predicted values and experimental values of grinding force under different parameters were compared to verify the rationality of the model. It was found that the maximum deviation between the predicted value of tangential force and the actual value is 23%, and the maximum deviation between the predicted value of normal force and the actual value is 21.7%. In addition, by changing the relevant parameters, the model can predict the grinding force of different metal materials under different processing parameters, which is helpful for optimizing the UAG parameters and improving the processing efficiency.
{"title":"Grinding force model for ultrasonic assisted grinding of γ-TiAl intermetallic compounds and experimental validation","authors":"Zhenhao Li, Song Yang, Xiaoning Liu, Guoqing Xiao, Hongzhan San, Yanru Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhibo Yang","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0167","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of ultrasonic vibration in the grinding process of γ-TiAl intermetallic compounds can significantly reduce its processing difficulty. It is of great significance to understand the grinding mechanism of γ-TiAl intermetallic compounds and improve the processing efficiency by studying the mechanism of ordinary grinding of abrasive grains. Based on this, this study proposes a grinding force prediction model based on single-grain ultrasonic assisted grinding (UAG) chip formation mechanism. First, the prediction model of grinding force is established based on the chip formation mechanism of abrasive sliding ordinary grinding and the theory of ultrasonic assisted machining, considering the plastic deformation and shear effect in the process of material processing. Second, the UAG experiment of γ-TiAl intermetallic compounds was carried out by using diamond grinding wheel, and the unknown coefficient in the model was determined. Finally, the predicted values and experimental values of grinding force under different parameters were compared to verify the rationality of the model. It was found that the maximum deviation between the predicted value of tangential force and the actual value is 23%, and the maximum deviation between the predicted value of normal force and the actual value is 21.7%. In addition, by changing the relevant parameters, the model can predict the grinding force of different metal materials under different processing parameters, which is helpful for optimizing the UAG parameters and improving the processing efficiency.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renjie Nie, Yitao Chen, Zhiquan Xing, Libo Chen, Zhicheng Yue, Wei Chen, Yu Chen, Long Chen, Shuping Liu, Jincheng Chen
The corrosion problem of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns in coastal areas is becoming increasingly severe and needs to be solved urgently. This study established a numerical analysis model for SRC middle-length columns considering corrosion effects. The bond–slip constitutive relationship between corroded steel and concrete was established. It was found that when the rust rate is low, the bonding stress of SRC columns is slightly increased compared to those without corrosion. The ultimate and residual bonding stress will decrease significantly when the rust rate exceeds 1.5%. The comparison between the numerical analysis model and the experimental results shows that the establishment of the model is reasonable. Subsequent parameter analysis showed that for corroded SRC mid-length columns, the larger the slenderness ratio of the component, the faster the decrease in axial compression performance. The rust rate increased from 0 to 30%, and the axial compression performance of SRC columns decreased significantly. When the rust rate exceeded 30%, the axial compression performance of concrete columns tended to stabilize. A formula for calculating SRC middle-length columns’ ultimate bearing capacity considering corrosion effects has been proposed.
{"title":"Finite element analysis of deterioration of axial compression behavior of corroded steel-reinforced concrete middle-length columns","authors":"Renjie Nie, Yitao Chen, Zhiquan Xing, Libo Chen, Zhicheng Yue, Wei Chen, Yu Chen, Long Chen, Shuping Liu, Jincheng Chen","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0184","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion problem of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns in coastal areas is becoming increasingly severe and needs to be solved urgently. This study established a numerical analysis model for SRC middle-length columns considering corrosion effects. The bond–slip constitutive relationship between corroded steel and concrete was established. It was found that when the rust rate is low, the bonding stress of SRC columns is slightly increased compared to those without corrosion. The ultimate and residual bonding stress will decrease significantly when the rust rate exceeds 1.5%. The comparison between the numerical analysis model and the experimental results shows that the establishment of the model is reasonable. Subsequent parameter analysis showed that for corroded SRC mid-length columns, the larger the slenderness ratio of the component, the faster the decrease in axial compression performance. The rust rate increased from 0 to 30%, and the axial compression performance of SRC columns decreased significantly. When the rust rate exceeded 30%, the axial compression performance of concrete columns tended to stabilize. A formula for calculating SRC middle-length columns’ ultimate bearing capacity considering corrosion effects has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three reinforcement ratios (0, 50, and 100%) of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) were selected to improve the mechanical properties of recycled brick concrete in this study. Utilizing axial compression test, X-ray diffractometer analysis, the evolution of parameters such as compressive strength, peak stress, and elastic modulus of reclaimed concrete were analyzed. The reclaimed brick concrete’ stress distribution and damage mechanism were revealed. The aggregate internal failure and CFRP reinforcement effect mechanism are discussed. The finite element model of red brick concrete reinforced by CFRP under uniaxial compression is established. The constitutive model for CFRP-reinforced recycled brick concrete is proposed.
{"title":"Mechanical damage mechanism investigation on CFRP strengthened recycled red brick concrete","authors":"Yongcheng Ji, Zheng Li, Wenyuan Xu, Wei Li","doi":"10.1515/rams-2023-0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0178","url":null,"abstract":"Three reinforcement ratios (0, 50, and 100%) of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) were selected to improve the mechanical properties of recycled brick concrete in this study. Utilizing axial compression test, X-ray diffractometer analysis, the evolution of parameters such as compressive strength, peak stress, and elastic modulus of reclaimed concrete were analyzed. The reclaimed brick concrete’ stress distribution and damage mechanism were revealed. The aggregate internal failure and CFRP reinforcement effect mechanism are discussed. The finite element model of red brick concrete reinforced by CFRP under uniaxial compression is established. The constitutive model for CFRP-reinforced recycled brick concrete is proposed.","PeriodicalId":54484,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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