Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2119196
Filip Kukić, Nenad Koropanovski, Ana Vesković, Nikola Petrović
Purpose: This study compared physical self-concept and subjective vitality of police, physical education, and psychology students. Moreover, the study investigated whether students who reported a higher level of physical activity differently rated physical self-concept and subjective vitality and whether physical activity was associated with subjective vitality. Methods: The study sample included 422 university students (249 females) from three state academic institutions: University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies (n = 165), Faculty of Sport and Physical Education (n = 156) and Faculty of Psychology (n = 101). The mean age was 20.85 ± 3.59 years. They completed a physical self-description questionnaire, the subjective vitality scale, and a physical activity questionnaire using the Survey Monkey platform. Multivariate analysis of variance investigated the differences in physical activity, physical self and vitality, while regression analysis investigated the association of physical self and physical activity with subjective vitality. Results: Police students and physical education students reported higher levels of physical activity and perceived higher their own physical self and subjective vitality than psychology students. From the whole sample, students who were sufficiently physically active also scored higher on physical self-concept and subjective vitality. There was a significant association of physical activity level with subjective vitality. Conclusion: Physical activity was directly associated with students' subjective evaluation of their own health. It can be concluded that students should aim to attain a minimum of 150 min per week of physical activity. Students and faculties should be involved in the attainment of minimal levels of physical activity. This could improve students' subjective perception of self, along with objective measures of health and wellbeing.
{"title":"Physical Activity as a Means to Improve Subjective Vitality of University Students.","authors":"Filip Kukić, Nenad Koropanovski, Ana Vesković, Nikola Petrović","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2119196","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2119196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study compared physical self-concept and subjective vitality of police, physical education, and psychology students. Moreover, the study investigated whether students who reported a higher level of physical activity differently rated physical self-concept and subjective vitality and whether physical activity was associated with subjective vitality. <b>Methods:</b> The study sample included 422 university students (249 females) from three state academic institutions: University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies (n = 165), Faculty of Sport and Physical Education (n = 156) and Faculty of Psychology (n = 101). The mean age was 20.85 ± 3.59 years. They completed a physical self-description questionnaire, the subjective vitality scale, and a physical activity questionnaire using the Survey Monkey platform. Multivariate analysis of variance investigated the differences in physical activity, physical self and vitality, while regression analysis investigated the association of physical self and physical activity with subjective vitality. <b>Results:</b> Police students and physical education students reported higher levels of physical activity and perceived higher their own physical self and subjective vitality than psychology students. From the whole sample, students who were sufficiently physically active also scored higher on physical self-concept and subjective vitality. There was a significant association of physical activity level with subjective vitality. <b>Conclusion:</b> Physical activity was directly associated with students' subjective evaluation of their own health. It can be concluded that students should aim to attain a minimum of 150 min per week of physical activity. Students and faculties should be involved in the attainment of minimal levels of physical activity. This could improve students' subjective perception of self, along with objective measures of health and wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40361507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2042463
Andressa Fidalgo, Sâmela Joi, Eduardo Lattari, Bruno de Oliveira, Rui Pilon, Paulo Farinatti, Walace Monteiro
Purpose: Recovery-interval strategies may influence physiological and psychological responses during highintensity interval resistance training (HIIRT). This study compared the intensity, performance, and psychological outcomes during all-out effort HIIRT performed with fixed (FRI) and self-selected (SSRI) recovery intervals. Methods: Sixteen trained males (27.2 ± 4.1 years; 84.5 ± 8.9 kg; 55.8 ± 7.1 mL.kg-1.min-1) performed HIIRT bouts interspersed with FRI (10 s) and SSRI (15.3 ± 7.9 s). Results: Relative heart rate (%HRmax) and oxygen uptake (%VO2Peak), number of repetitions, and psychological responses (affection: Feeling ScaleFS; Felt Arousal ScaleFAS; enjoyment: Physical Activity Enjoyment ScalePACES) were assessed. FRI and SSRI elicited similar relative average intensity (p > .05) (%HRmax: 88.1 ± 3.5% vs. 87.6 ± 3.0%; %VO2Peak: 55.3 ± 7.4% vs. 54.1 ± 8.1%, respectively). The number of repetitions similarly decreased in SSRI and FRI from rounds 1 to 4 (~15%; p < .006), with no difference of total volume across conditions (FRI: 358.6 ± 32 reps vs. SSRI:357.5 ± 28.2; p = .89). In each round, no difference between FRI and SSRI (p > .05) was found for FS (3- to 3.5 vs. 2- to 4, respectively) or FAS (2- to 4 vs. 2- to 4, respectively), while PACES was lower in FRI than SSRI (102.8 ± 15.8 vs. 109.2 ± 13.2; p = .04). Conclusion: In conclusion, relative intensity, total repetitions, and affective perception were not influenced by the strategy of recovery intervals. On the other hand, overall enjoyment was favored in SSRI vs. FRI.
目的:恢复间隔策略可能影响高强度间歇阻力训练(HIIRT)中的生理和心理反应。本研究比较了固定(FRI)和自选(SSRI)恢复间隔进行的全力以赴HIIRT的强度、表现和心理结果。方法:男性16例(27.2±4.1岁);84.5±8.9 kg;55.8±7.1 ml .kg-1 min-1)进行HIIRT,穿插FRI (10 s)和SSRI(15.3±7.9 s)。结果:相对心率(%HRmax)和摄氧量(%VO2Peak)、重复次数和心理反应(情绪:感觉量表;感觉觉醒量表;享受:身体活动享受量表(Physical Activity enjoyment ScalePACES)。FRI和SSRI诱导的相对平均强度相似(p > 0.05) (%HRmax: 88.1±3.5% vs 87.6±3.0%;%VO2Peak: 55.3±7.4% vs. 54.1±8.1%)。从第1轮到第4轮,SSRI和FRI的重复次数同样减少(~15%;p < 0.006),不同条件下的总容积无差异(FRI: 358.6±32个代表vs. SSRI:357.5±28.2;P = 0.89)。在每一轮中,FRI和SSRI在FS(分别为3-至3.5 vs. 2-至4)或FAS(分别为2-至4 vs. 2-至4)方面没有差异(p > 0.05),而PACES在FRI方面低于SSRI(102.8±15.8 vs. 109.2±13.2;P = .04)。结论:相对强度、总重复次数和情感知觉不受恢复间隔策略的影响。另一方面,在SSRI和FRI中,整体享受更受青睐。
{"title":"Influence of HIIRT With Fixed and Self-Selected Recovery Intervals on Physiological, Affective, and Enjoyment Responses.","authors":"Andressa Fidalgo, Sâmela Joi, Eduardo Lattari, Bruno de Oliveira, Rui Pilon, Paulo Farinatti, Walace Monteiro","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2042463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2042463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Recovery-interval strategies may influence physiological and psychological responses during highintensity interval resistance training (HIIRT). This study compared the intensity, performance, and psychological outcomes during all-out effort HIIRT performed with fixed (FRI) and self-selected (SSRI) recovery intervals. <b>Methods:</b> Sixteen trained males (27.2 ± 4.1 years; 84.5 ± 8.9 kg; 55.8 ± 7.1 mL.kg-1.min-1) performed HIIRT bouts interspersed with FRI (10 s) and SSRI (15.3 ± 7.9 s). <b>Results:</b> Relative heart rate (%HRmax) and oxygen uptake (%VO2Peak), number of repetitions, and psychological responses (affection: Feeling ScaleFS; Felt Arousal ScaleFAS; enjoyment: Physical Activity Enjoyment ScalePACES) were assessed. FRI and SSRI elicited similar relative average intensity (p > .05) (%HRmax: 88.1 ± 3.5% vs. 87.6 ± 3.0%; %VO2Peak: 55.3 ± 7.4% vs. 54.1 ± 8.1%, respectively). The number of repetitions similarly decreased in SSRI and FRI from rounds 1 to 4 (~15%; p < .006), with no difference of total volume across conditions (FRI: 358.6 ± 32 reps vs. SSRI:357.5 ± 28.2; p = .89). In each round, no difference between FRI and SSRI (p > .05) was found for FS (3- to 3.5 vs. 2- to 4, respectively) or FAS (2- to 4 vs. 2- to 4, respectively), while PACES was lower in FRI than SSRI (102.8 ± 15.8 vs. 109.2 ± 13.2; p = .04). <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, relative intensity, total repetitions, and affective perception were not influenced by the strategy of recovery intervals. On the other hand, overall enjoyment was favored in SSRI vs. FRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10172332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2026866
Peter A Hastie, Ping Li, Hairui Liu, Xiang Zhou, Lingsong Kong
Purpose: The preparation of Chinese physical education teachers focuses strongly on movement competence and the development of knowledge about rules and techniques. What is missing are experiences that promote expertise in task design and progressions. The purpose of this study was to examine if participation in classes following the Sport Education model could enhance content expertise by placing students in situations where they were responsible for these tasks. Methods: One hundred and ten physical education majors from a university in central China participated in a semester-long course of volleyball taught using either Traditional Instruction or Sport Education. Pre- and post-course measures were recorded of participants' game performance, common content knowledge (CCK), and specialized content knowledge (SCK). Results: After controlling for pre-intervention scores, statistically significant differences were evident in the posttest scores between the instructional groups for all three measures. The binomial logistic regression model to ascertain the effect of course type on the likelihood that students would reach the benchmark depth of SCK produced statistical significance. Students in the Sport Education classes had 6.67 times higher odds to reach the benchmark than students in the Traditional Instruction classes. Conclusion: The accountability mechanisms specific to Sport Education that have been shown to enhance student motivation and promote knowledge and performance seemed to carry over into this setting. As students in Sport Education were responsible for designing much of their team training, this served to promote their ability to design and sequence tasks based on their team's needs. Implications for physical education teacher education are discussed.
{"title":"The Impact of Sport Education on Chinese Physical Education Majors' Volleyball Content Knowledge and Performance.","authors":"Peter A Hastie, Ping Li, Hairui Liu, Xiang Zhou, Lingsong Kong","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2026866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2026866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> The preparation of Chinese physical education teachers focuses strongly on movement competence and the development of knowledge about rules and techniques. What is missing are experiences that promote expertise in task design and progressions. The purpose of this study was to examine if participation in classes following the Sport Education model could enhance content expertise by placing students in situations where they were responsible for these tasks. <b>Methods:</b> One hundred and ten physical education majors from a university in central China participated in a semester-long course of volleyball taught using either Traditional Instruction or Sport Education. Pre- and post-course measures were recorded of participants' game performance, common content knowledge (CCK), and specialized content knowledge (SCK). <b>Results:</b> After controlling for pre-intervention scores, statistically significant differences were evident in the posttest scores between the instructional groups for all three measures. The binomial logistic regression model to ascertain the effect of course type on the likelihood that students would reach the benchmark depth of SCK produced statistical significance. Students in the Sport Education classes had 6.67 times higher odds to reach the benchmark than students in the Traditional Instruction classes. <b>Conclusion:</b> The accountability mechanisms specific to Sport Education that have been shown to enhance student motivation and promote knowledge and performance seemed to carry over into this setting. As students in Sport Education were responsible for designing much of their team training, this served to promote their ability to design and sequence tasks based on their team's needs. Implications for physical education teacher education are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10175323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2057401
Zacharias Papadakis, Peter W Grandjean, Jeffrey S Forsse
Purpose: Heart rate variability (HRV) has gained acceptance as a key marker of cardiovascular health. We compared HRV responses after continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) matched for intensity and duration in individuals with midspectrum chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Twenty men and women (age 62.0 ± 10 yrs.) diagnosed with CKD stages G3a and G3b participated in a 2 (condition) x 4 (time point) repeated cross-over measures design study. HRV time-domain indices were based on the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) and frequency domain. High-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), total power (TP) were examined. CMIE consisted of treadmill walking for 30 minutes at a 2% incline and speed corresponding to 60%-65% of reserve volume of oxygen (VO2R). HIIE included five intervals of 3 minutes at 90% of VO2R and 2 minutes at 20% VO2R intervals. Conditions were designed to be of the same average intensity (60% to 65% of VO2R) and caloric expenditure (~144 kcal). Results: Immediately following exercise SDNN, RMSSD, HF, LF, and TP were significantly lower compared to before exercise (p <.05). HRV responses were not different between conditions and conditions X time (p >.05). Conclusions: Thirty minutes of either CMIE or HIIE decreased HRV indices, pointing to an autonomic imbalance favoring vagal mediation. HRV's responses regarding HIIE were no different from CMIE, therefore, from an autonomic function point of view this similarity may be useful for CKD exercise prescription and programming.
{"title":"Effects of Acute Exercise on Cardiac Autonomic Response and Recovery in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.","authors":"Zacharias Papadakis, Peter W Grandjean, Jeffrey S Forsse","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2057401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2057401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Heart rate variability (HRV) has gained acceptance as a key marker of cardiovascular health. We compared HRV responses after continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) matched for intensity and duration in individuals with midspectrum chronic kidney disease (CKD). <b>Methods:</b> Twenty men and women (age 62.0 ± 10 yrs.) diagnosed with CKD stages G3a and G3b participated in a 2 (condition) x 4 (time point) repeated cross-over measures design study. HRV time-domain indices were based on the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) and frequency domain. High-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), total power (TP) were examined. CMIE consisted of treadmill walking for 30 minutes at a 2% incline and speed corresponding to 60%-65% of reserve volume of oxygen (VO<sub>2</sub>R). HIIE included five intervals of 3 minutes at 90% of VO<sub>2</sub>R and 2 minutes at 20% VO<sub>2</sub>R intervals. Conditions were designed to be of the same average intensity (60% to 65% of VO<sub>2</sub>R) and caloric expenditure (~144 kcal). <b>Results:</b> Immediately following exercise SDNN, RMSSD, HF, LF, and TP were significantly lower compared to before exercise (<i>p</i> <.05). HRV responses were not different between conditions and conditions X time (<i>p</i> >.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Thirty minutes of either CMIE or HIIE decreased HRV indices, pointing to an autonomic imbalance favoring vagal mediation. HRV's responses regarding HIIE were no different from CMIE, therefore, from an autonomic function point of view this similarity may be useful for CKD exercise prescription and programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10528171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2070120
Allan C L Fu, Ross H Sanders
ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coaching the Australian recommended fundamental overarm throwing skill criteria for less-skilled adolescents on movement competency using three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis. Methods: Less-skilled non-sports-active and skilled sports-active pupils were assigned to FMS Group (n = 97) and Sports Group (n = 129), respectively. Demographic, anthropometric, whole-body kinematic (discrete and time-series angular displacement and angular velocity data), motor coordination (segmental sequencing) and motor performance (maximum ball release speed) were analyzed. Baseline data were compared using independent T-tests and Chi-Square tests; interaction effects were assessed using repeated-measure ANOVAs. Changes in time-series kinematic data were analyzed by comparing the areas enclosed by the 95% confidence intervals. Results:There was merely a modest improvement in motor competency for the less-skilled pupils. The FMS group significantly acquired 13/75 discrete kinematic variables (p < .01) and four movement patterns but not motor coordination (p = .469) and motor performance (p = .756). Prior to the intervention, the pupils acquired 4/7 recommended skill criteria. The descriptions of another three criteria were not appropriate with no improvement in motor coordination and performance. Two new skills were identified and improved after the FMS intervention. Conclusions: The recommended skill criteria for children were not developmentally and age-appropriate for early adolescents. The use of quantitative 3D motion data provided a more precise and developmentally applicable fundamental overarm throwing criteria than content validated skill criteria. The recommended skill criteria should be modified to facilitate teachers and coaches for effective education.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Coaching the Australian Recommended Fundamental Overarm Throwing Skill Criteria for Less-Skilled Adolescents.","authors":"Allan C L Fu, Ross H Sanders","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2070120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2070120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coaching the Australian recommended fundamental overarm throwing skill criteria for less-skilled adolescents on movement competency using three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis. Methods: Less-skilled non-sports-active and skilled sports-active pupils were assigned to FMS Group (n = 97) and Sports Group (n = 129), respectively. Demographic, anthropometric, whole-body kinematic (discrete and time-series angular displacement and angular velocity data), motor coordination (segmental sequencing) and motor performance (maximum ball release speed) were analyzed. Baseline data were compared using independent T-tests and Chi-Square tests; interaction effects were assessed using repeated-measure ANOVAs. Changes in time-series kinematic data were analyzed by comparing the areas enclosed by the 95% confidence intervals. Results:There was merely a modest improvement in motor competency for the less-skilled pupils. The FMS group significantly acquired 13/75 discrete kinematic variables (p < .01) and four movement patterns but not motor coordination (p = .469) and motor performance (p = .756). Prior to the intervention, the pupils acquired 4/7 recommended skill criteria. The descriptions of another three criteria were not appropriate with no improvement in motor coordination and performance. Two new skills were identified and improved after the FMS intervention. Conclusions: The recommended skill criteria for children were not developmentally and age-appropriate for early adolescents. The use of quantitative 3D motion data provided a more precise and developmentally applicable fundamental overarm throwing criteria than content validated skill criteria. The recommended skill criteria should be modified to facilitate teachers and coaches for effective education.","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10175803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Morning priming exercise and caffeine intake have been previously suggested as an effective strategy to increase within-day performance and readiness. However, the concurrent effect of both strategies is unknown. The present research aimed to map the within-day time course of recovery and performance of countermovement jump (CMJ) outcomes, kinetics, and strategy and readiness after priming alone and in combination with caffeine. Methods: Eleven participants performed a control, a priming exercise (Priming) and a priming with concurrent caffeine intake (PrimingCaf) in a double-blind randomized, crossover design. CMJ metrics were assessed before, post, and 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after each condition while readiness was assessed at 6 h. Results: Perceived physical, mental performance capability and activation balance were higher at 6 h after Priming and PrimingCaf conditions. Immediate reductions in jump height (5.45 to 6.25%; p < .046), concentric peak velocity (2.40 to 2.59%; p < .041) and reactive strength index-modified (RSImod) (9.06 to 9.23% p < .051) after Priming and PrimingCaf were observed, being recovered at 2 h (p > .99). Concentric impulse was restored in PrimingCaf (p > .754; d = -0.03 to-0.08) despite lower concentric mean force/BM (p < .662; d = -0.18 to -0.26) as concentric duration was increased (p > .513; d = 0.15 to 0.21). Individual analysis revealed that some participants benefit from both strategies as they showed increases in jump height over the smallest worthwhile change while others did not. Conclusions: Psychological readiness was increased after both priming conditions at 6 h; however, it seems necessary to consider individual changes to achieve the positive effects of the priming or the priming in combination with caffeine on jumping outcomes.
{"title":"Time Course of Jump Recovery and Performance After Velocity-Based Priming and Concurrent Caffeine Intake.","authors":"Jaime González-García, Millán Aguilar-Navarro, Verónica Giráldez-Costas, Blanca Romero-Moraleda","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2041162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2041162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Morning priming exercise and caffeine intake have been previously suggested as an effective strategy to increase within-day performance and readiness. However, the concurrent effect of both strategies is unknown. The present research aimed to map the within-day time course of recovery and performance of countermovement jump (CMJ) outcomes, kinetics, and strategy and readiness after priming alone and in combination with caffeine. <b>Methods:</b> Eleven participants performed a control, a priming exercise (Priming) and a priming with concurrent caffeine intake (PrimingCaf) in a double-blind randomized, crossover design. CMJ metrics were assessed before, post, and 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after each condition while readiness was assessed at 6 h. <b>Results:</b> Perceived physical, mental performance capability and activation balance were higher at 6 h after Priming and PrimingCaf conditions. Immediate reductions in jump height (5.45 to 6.25%; p < .046), concentric peak velocity (2.40 to 2.59%; p < .041) and reactive strength index-modified (RSImod) (9.06 to 9.23% p < .051) after Priming and PrimingCaf were observed, being recovered at 2 h (p > .99). Concentric impulse was restored in PrimingCaf (p > .754; d = -0.03 to-0.08) despite lower concentric mean force/BM (p < .662; d = -0.18 to -0.26) as concentric duration was increased (p > .513; d = 0.15 to 0.21). Individual analysis revealed that some participants benefit from both strategies as they showed increases in jump height over the smallest worthwhile change while others did not. <b>Conclusions:</b> Psychological readiness was increased after both priming conditions at 6 h; however, it seems necessary to consider individual changes to achieve the positive effects of the priming or the priming in combination with caffeine on jumping outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10177322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2053647
Enes Filiz
ABSTARCT Purpose: Football, one of the most popular and loved sports branches, always keeps its excitement, ambition, passion, joy and sadness together. European football, the football capital, is an attraction for fans and footballers. In this study, the official match results (league, country cup, European cup) of five successful football clubs (Bayern Munchen, Barcelona, Juventus, Manchester City, Paris Saint Germain) in the five major leagues of European football (La Liga, Premier League, Serie A, Bundesliga, Ligue 1) were evaluated. Method: For this analysis, ensemble learning algorithms (AdaBoost, Bagging) and machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, artificial neural networks, K-nearest neighbor, C4.5/Random forest/Reptree decision tree) were used. In addition, the attributes that play an active role in the classification of the match results of five successful football clubs were determined with the Symmetrical Uncertainty feature selection algorithm. Results: As effective attributes, “Conceded goal,” “Half time result,” “Scoring first” and “Shooting accuracy” attributes revealed to be common for five successful football clubs. In general, it was observed that ensemble learning algorithms gave successful results and AdaBoost/ANN algorithm was determined as the most successful. On the basis of football clubs, the most successful classification result was achieved for Barcelona with a rate of 99.3%. Conclusions: Obtained outputs from Ensemble learning and feature selection help sport researchers and football club planners understand and revise the match results of current football match strategies. The study has mainly twofold: to find best performer ensemble and machine learning algorithm(s) for classifying match results and to extract important features on match results.
{"title":"Evaluation of Match Results of Five Successful Football Clubs With Ensemble Learning Algorithms.","authors":"Enes Filiz","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2053647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2053647","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTARCT Purpose: Football, one of the most popular and loved sports branches, always keeps its excitement, ambition, passion, joy and sadness together. European football, the football capital, is an attraction for fans and footballers. In this study, the official match results (league, country cup, European cup) of five successful football clubs (Bayern Munchen, Barcelona, Juventus, Manchester City, Paris Saint Germain) in the five major leagues of European football (La Liga, Premier League, Serie A, Bundesliga, Ligue 1) were evaluated. Method: For this analysis, ensemble learning algorithms (AdaBoost, Bagging) and machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, artificial neural networks, K-nearest neighbor, C4.5/Random forest/Reptree decision tree) were used. In addition, the attributes that play an active role in the classification of the match results of five successful football clubs were determined with the Symmetrical Uncertainty feature selection algorithm. Results: As effective attributes, “Conceded goal,” “Half time result,” “Scoring first” and “Shooting accuracy” attributes revealed to be common for five successful football clubs. In general, it was observed that ensemble learning algorithms gave successful results and AdaBoost/ANN algorithm was determined as the most successful. On the basis of football clubs, the most successful classification result was achieved for Barcelona with a rate of 99.3%. Conclusions: Obtained outputs from Ensemble learning and feature selection help sport researchers and football club planners understand and revise the match results of current football match strategies. The study has mainly twofold: to find best performer ensemble and machine learning algorithm(s) for classifying match results and to extract important features on match results.","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2053648
Tobias Alt, Kevin Nolte, Dennis Horn, Dominik Modenbach, Axel J Knicker, Thomas Jaitner
Background: Thigh muscle strength capacities are major modifiable risk factors for knee and thigh muscle injuries. Therefore, their valid assessment is essential. Most isokinetic knee tests are conducted in a seated position and rely on dynamometer-based data. However, their accuracy is doubtful because axis alignment is erroneous. Purpose: This study investigated if hip angle (flexed vs. extended) and assessment method (dynamometer-based vs. camera-based) affect isokinetic outcome parameters. Methods: Sixteen healthy male participants (27 years, 184 cm, 80 kg) performed discrete isokinetic tests of the knee flexors and extensors (60°/s) while their kinematics were captured (100 fps). Results: Both assessment methods revealed very strong linear relationships (94% ≤ R2 ≤ 98%) although peak moments (d ≤ 0.87), contractional work (d ≤ 1.26), and functional knee flexor:extensor ratios (d ≤ 0.81) significantly differed. Seated knee flexor tests demonstrated the largest knee trajectory center's misalignment (x = 4.0 cm, z = -2.5 cm; 1.37 ≤ d ≤ 4.74). Conclusion: Hip-angle induced kinematic changes did not affect the relation between the lever arms, thus causing highly proportional deviations of kinetic parameters. The assessment method altered the magnitude, but not the message of isokinetic knee tests, which should be preferentially performed with extended hip joint to improve axis alignment. Knowledge of these kinetic and kinematic interactions assists practitioners and scientists with isokinetic tests and/or rehabilitation training to ensure reasonable interpretations of gathered isokinetic outcomes.
背景:大腿肌肉力量能力是膝关节和大腿肌肉损伤的主要可改变的危险因素。因此,他们的有效评估是必不可少的。大多数膝关节等速测试都是在坐姿下进行的,并依赖于基于测力计的数据。然而,它们的精度是值得怀疑的,因为轴对准是错误的。目的:本研究探讨髋角度(屈曲与伸展)和评估方法(基于测功机与基于摄像机)是否影响等速结果参数。方法:16名健康男性参与者(27岁,184厘米,80公斤)进行膝关节屈伸肌(60°/s)的离散等速测试,同时捕获其运动学(100 fps)。结果:两种评估方法均显示出非常强的线性关系(94%≤R2≤98%),尽管峰值矩(d≤0.87)、收缩功(d≤1.26)和功能性膝关节屈伸比(d≤0.81)有显著差异。坐姿膝关节屈肌测试显示最大的膝关节轨迹中心错位(x = 4.0 cm, z = -2.5 cm;1.37≤d≤4.74)。结论:髋角引起的运动学变化不影响杠杆臂之间的关系,从而引起运动参数的高度比例偏差。评估方法改变了大小,但没有改变等速膝关节试验的信息,应该优先进行髋关节伸展以改善轴对齐。这些动力学和运动学相互作用的知识有助于从业者和科学家进行等速测试和/或康复训练,以确保对收集到的等速结果进行合理的解释。
{"title":"Analyses of Isokinetic Thigh Muscle Strength: Camera-Based Assessment Alters the Magnitude, but Not the Message.","authors":"Tobias Alt, Kevin Nolte, Dennis Horn, Dominik Modenbach, Axel J Knicker, Thomas Jaitner","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2053648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2053648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Thigh muscle strength capacities are major modifiable risk factors for knee and thigh muscle injuries. Therefore, their valid assessment is essential. Most isokinetic knee tests are conducted in a seated position and rely on dynamometer-based data. However, their accuracy is doubtful because axis alignment is erroneous. <b>Purpose:</b> This study investigated if hip angle (flexed vs. extended) and assessment method (dynamometer-based vs. camera-based) affect isokinetic outcome parameters. <b>Methods:</b> Sixteen healthy male participants (27 years, 184 cm, 80 kg) performed discrete isokinetic tests of the knee flexors and extensors (60°/s) while their kinematics were captured (100 fps). <b>Results:</b> Both assessment methods revealed very strong linear relationships (94% ≤ <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ≤ 98%) although peak moments (<i>d</i> ≤ 0.87), contractional work (<i>d</i> ≤ 1.26), and functional knee flexor:extensor ratios (<i>d</i> ≤ 0.81) significantly differed. Seated knee flexor tests demonstrated the largest knee trajectory center's misalignment (<i>x</i> = 4.0 cm, <i>z</i> = -2.5 cm; 1.37 ≤ <i>d</i> ≤ 4.74). <b>Conclusion:</b> Hip-angle induced kinematic changes did not affect the relation between the lever arms, thus causing highly proportional deviations of kinetic parameters. The assessment method altered the magnitude, but not the message of isokinetic knee tests, which should be preferentially performed with extended hip joint to improve axis alignment. Knowledge of these kinetic and kinematic interactions assists practitioners and scientists with isokinetic tests and/or rehabilitation training to ensure reasonable interpretations of gathered isokinetic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10175316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2041538
Ali Brian, Sally Taunton Miedema, Angela Starrett, Stephen Griffin, Alexandra Stribing, Benjamin Miedema, MacKenzie Walker, Chandler Casner, Nalda Wainwright, Danielle Wadsworth, Jacqueline D Goodway, David F Stodden
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how parent involvement influenced the effectiveness of a movement intervention targeting gross motor skills and physical activity behavior in preschool-aged boys and girls. Methods: Parents received training at monthly school-based sessions and online to implement the movement intervention once per month at school and once per week at home across 6 months (N = 104; Mage = 48.30 months, SD = 6.90). Children completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 at baseline and wore physical activity trackers 24/7 for six weeks during the intervention. COVID-19 disrupted the intervention and prevented immediate post testing. Children (N = 60; Mage = 60.86 months, SD = 6.57) who returned to the center one year later completed gross motor skill retention testing. Results: For each additional school-based session attended by the parents (up to six), children's locomotor and manipulative skills were 1.87 and 1.95 points higher, respectively, at the start of the following academic year. For physical activity, each session increase in attendance at the school-based component of the intervention resulted in an additional 1455 steps in average weekly step count. Conclusion: Increased parent engagement demonstrated greater change in gross motor skills and larger acute physical activity responses. Understanding barriers that impact the level of parental intervention engagement (i.e., dose) also provides insight into why some children learn and others do not within a parent-led intervention. Although the implementation and results of this study were impacted by COVID, these data can help researchers optimize future intervention strategies.
{"title":"SKIPping With PALS: Exploring Parental Engagement in a Motor Intervention for Their Preschool Children.","authors":"Ali Brian, Sally Taunton Miedema, Angela Starrett, Stephen Griffin, Alexandra Stribing, Benjamin Miedema, MacKenzie Walker, Chandler Casner, Nalda Wainwright, Danielle Wadsworth, Jacqueline D Goodway, David F Stodden","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2041538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2041538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: The purpose of this study was to explore how parent involvement influenced the effectiveness of a movement intervention targeting gross motor skills and physical activity behavior in preschool-aged boys and girls. <b>Methods</b>: Parents received training at monthly school-based sessions and online to implement the movement intervention once per month at school and once per week at home across 6 months (<i>N =</i> 104; <i>M</i><sub>age </sub>= 48.30 months, <i>SD</i> = 6.90). Children completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 at baseline and wore physical activity trackers 24/7 for six weeks during the intervention. COVID-19 disrupted the intervention and prevented immediate post testing. Children (<i>N =</i> 60; <i>M</i><sub>age </sub>= 60.86 months, <i>SD</i> = 6.57) who returned to the center one year later completed gross motor skill retention testing. <b>Results</b>: For each additional school-based session attended by the parents (up to six), children's locomotor and manipulative skills were 1.87 and 1.95 points higher, respectively, at the start of the following academic year. For physical activity, each session increase in attendance at the school-based component of the intervention resulted in an additional 1455 steps in average weekly step count. <b>Conclusion</b>: Increased parent engagement demonstrated greater change in gross motor skills and larger acute physical activity responses. Understanding barriers that impact the level of parental intervention engagement (i.e., dose) also provides insight into why some children learn and others do not within a parent-led intervention. Although the implementation and results of this study were impacted by COVID, these data can help researchers optimize future intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10177324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2052003
Klaudia Bajolek, Joe Warne
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine differences between a control warm-up and an Electric Muscle Stimulation (EMS)-induced warm-up in off-road cyclists when examining anaerobic performance measures from a repeated Wingate test (WAnT). Methods: Twelve trained off-road cyclists completed a randomized crossover study (age: 31 ± 10 years, height: 176.79 ± 6.09 cm, body mass: 74.57 ± 4.77 kg). Participants completed two randomized, separate testing sessions involving a control warm-up and an EMS warm-up before undergoing the repeated WAnT, which was used to collect anaerobic performance and physiolo- gical measures during both sessions. High-frequency EMS was applied to the knee extensor muscles for 4 min after a standardized warm-up during the EMS session. Results: Analysis revealed that there were no significant differences between mean power output, peak power output, and percentage decrement between the two sessions. The EMS session resulted in significantly lower average HR values and significantly lower differences in pre-to-post-test blood lactate values when compared to the control session. Discussion: According to the results of this study, an acute application of EMS is not a useful tool for off-road cyclists to improve power output or maintain anaerobic capacity. Hence, its use before competition is questionable.
{"title":"Electric Muscle Stimulation (EMS) Does Not Improve Anaerobic Performance Measures During a Repeated Wingate Test.","authors":"Klaudia Bajolek, Joe Warne","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2022.2052003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2052003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: The aim of this study was to examine differences between a control warm-up and an Electric Muscle Stimulation (EMS)-induced warm-up in off-road cyclists when examining anaerobic performance measures from a repeated Wingate test (WAnT). <b>Methods</b>: Twelve trained off-road cyclists completed a randomized crossover study (age: 31 ± 10 years, height: 176.79 ± 6.09 cm, body mass: 74.57 ± 4.77 kg). Participants completed two randomized, separate testing sessions involving a control warm-up and an EMS warm-up before undergoing the repeated WAnT, which was used to collect anaerobic performance and physiolo- gical measures during both sessions. High-frequency EMS was applied to the knee extensor muscles for 4 min after a standardized warm-up during the EMS session. <b>Results</b>: Analysis revealed that there were no significant differences between mean power output, peak power output, and percentage decrement between the two sessions. The EMS session resulted in significantly lower average HR values and significantly lower differences in pre-to-post-test blood lactate values when compared to the control session. <b>Discussion</b>: According to the results of this study, an acute application of EMS is not a useful tool for off-road cyclists to improve power output or maintain anaerobic capacity. Hence, its use before competition is questionable.</p>","PeriodicalId":54491,"journal":{"name":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10165837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}