The analysis of operational damages of heat transfer tubes (HTT) in steam generators (SG) of WWER-1000 power units was carried out. The processes of contamination of the surfaces of HTT of SG PGV-1000M are considered. The processes of formation and growth of corrosion pits on the surface of heat transfer tubes are analyzed. The process for the initiation of corrosion pits and the development of cracks in the heat transfer tubes metal, which includes the combined action of a corrosive environment and non-metallic inclusions in heat transfer tubes, was proposed.
{"title":"REVIEW: INVESTIGATION OF PROCESSES OF DAMAGE TO THE HEAT TRANSFER TUBE OF WWER-1000 STEAM GENERATORS","authors":"O.G. Rudenko, S.V. Gozhenko","doi":"10.46813/2023-147-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-147-034","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of operational damages of heat transfer tubes (HTT) in steam generators (SG) of WWER-1000 power units was carried out. The processes of contamination of the surfaces of HTT of SG PGV-1000M are considered. The processes of formation and growth of corrosion pits on the surface of heat transfer tubes are analyzed. The process for the initiation of corrosion pits and the development of cracks in the heat transfer tubes metal, which includes the combined action of a corrosive environment and non-metallic inclusions in heat transfer tubes, was proposed.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The radiation oxidation of Be in water at room temperature in the absorbed dose range Dγ = 0.5…180 kGy was studied by radiothermoluminescence (RTL), infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and electrical conductivity. The participation and role of surface relaxing intermediate-active particles in the dynamics of changes in the oxidation process are considered. Using the RTL method, the role of surface oxygen hole centers generated by γ-irradiation and chemisorbed oxygen in the formation of nanooxide films was experimentally established. The formation of nanooxide films on the surface of Be in water was traced in the IR reflection spectra. The kinetics of radiation oxidation of beryllium has been studied and its radiation passivation has been established. According to the logarithmic dose dependence of the surface resistivity Be, two stages of the oxidation process were revealed. It is shown that the formation of nano oxide films leads to a decrease in the surface electrical conductivity of beryllium by 2 orders of magnitude and an increase in the thickness of oxide films by 1.6 times.
{"title":"SPECTRAL-LUMINESCENT AND ELECTROPHYSICAL STUDY OF RADIATION OXIDATION OF BERYLLIUM IN WATER","authors":"N.N. Gadzhieva, S.Z. Melikova, F.N. Nurmammadova, Sh.N. Nasirov, F.G. Asadov, B.A. Mammadov","doi":"10.46813/2023-147-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-147-030","url":null,"abstract":"The radiation oxidation of Be in water at room temperature in the absorbed dose range Dγ = 0.5…180 kGy was studied by radiothermoluminescence (RTL), infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and electrical conductivity. The participation and role of surface relaxing intermediate-active particles in the dynamics of changes in the oxidation process are considered. Using the RTL method, the role of surface oxygen hole centers generated by γ-irradiation and chemisorbed oxygen in the formation of nanooxide films was experimentally established. The formation of nanooxide films on the surface of Be in water was traced in the IR reflection spectra. The kinetics of radiation oxidation of beryllium has been studied and its radiation passivation has been established. According to the logarithmic dose dependence of the surface resistivity Be, two stages of the oxidation process were revealed. It is shown that the formation of nano oxide films leads to a decrease in the surface electrical conductivity of beryllium by 2 orders of magnitude and an increase in the thickness of oxide films by 1.6 times.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A distinctive feature of the radiation-induced microstructure of zirconium is, firstly, the coexistence of prismatic loops of different natures, and secondly, the nucleation and growth to large sizes of vacancy basis loops. In the work, within the framework of classical concepts of elastic interaction between a point defect and internal sink the results of numerical calculations of the dependence of bias loops of different natures lying in the basal and prismatic planes of zirconium on their radius are presented. The essential role of the form of the boundary condition on the outer surface of loop area of influence in toroidal geometry is shown. Possibilities, both the coexistence of prismatic loops of different natures and the growth of vacancy basis loops are discussed.
{"title":"ON THE POSSIBILITY OF COEXISTENCE OF DISLOCATION LOOPS OF DIFFERENT NATURE IN ZIRCONIA WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF CLASSICAL ELASTIC THEORY","authors":"O.G. Trotsenko, A.V. Babich, P.M. Ostapchuk","doi":"10.46813/2023-147-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-147-009","url":null,"abstract":"A distinctive feature of the radiation-induced microstructure of zirconium is, firstly, the coexistence of prismatic loops of different natures, and secondly, the nucleation and growth to large sizes of vacancy basis loops. In the work, within the framework of classical concepts of elastic interaction between a point defect and internal sink the results of numerical calculations of the dependence of bias loops of different natures lying in the basal and prismatic planes of zirconium on their radius are presented. The essential role of the form of the boundary condition on the outer surface of loop area of influence in toroidal geometry is shown. Possibilities, both the coexistence of prismatic loops of different natures and the growth of vacancy basis loops are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a study of textured tungsten coatings deposited by the hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride was carried out. The formation of condensate is carried out by the natural selection of columnar grains growing perpendicular to the surface of deposition. Depending on the oversaturation of the gas phase above the growing solid one, some planes of the pyramids are subjected to a predominant growth rate, which leads to the formation of a texture. In the range of parameters studied, (100) and (111) tungsten textures are formed. The measured surface roughness is within the 5 class.
{"title":"DEPOSITION OF TEXTURED CONDENSATES OF TUNGSTEN BY HYDROGEN REDUCTION OF ITS HEXAFLUORIDE","authors":"B.M. Shirokov, O.Yu. Zhuravlyov, D.G. Malykhin","doi":"10.46813/2023-147-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-147-143","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a study of textured tungsten coatings deposited by the hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride was carried out. The formation of condensate is carried out by the natural selection of columnar grains growing perpendicular to the surface of deposition. Depending on the oversaturation of the gas phase above the growing solid one, some planes of the pyramids are subjected to a predominant growth rate, which leads to the formation of a texture. In the range of parameters studied, (100) and (111) tungsten textures are formed. The measured surface roughness is within the 5 class.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of research is the thermoacoustic instability (TAI) of the coolant of a nuclear reactor core. The occurrence of TAI in the reactor core leads to high-frequency and high-amplitude cyclic loads on internal reactor structures and can be one of the reasons for the loss of tightness of fuel elements. A criterion method has been developed for determining the boundaries of the coolant TAI area in the nuclear reactor core under operating, transient and emergency modes. Based on the developed method, the occurrence of TAI area in the coolant was determined, with the criteria of TAI being formulated. A dimensionless determining criterion of the TAI area was justified depending on the rate of heat release, flow rate and enthalpy of the coolant at the entry to the reactor core. Applying the format of dimensionless parameters, the area of TAI of a water-cooled reactor core has been determined, with the relative power of the reactor being more than 0.25 and the relative flow rate of the coolant being less than 0.75.
{"title":"СRITERION METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CONDITIONS FOR OCCURRENCE OF THERMOACOUSTIC INSTABILITY IN THE REACTOR CORE","authors":"V.A. Kondratuk, O.A. Dorozh, V.I. Filatov, T.V. Bibik","doi":"10.46813/2023-147-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-147-084","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of research is the thermoacoustic instability (TAI) of the coolant of a nuclear reactor core. The occurrence of TAI in the reactor core leads to high-frequency and high-amplitude cyclic loads on internal reactor structures and can be one of the reasons for the loss of tightness of fuel elements. A criterion method has been developed for determining the boundaries of the coolant TAI area in the nuclear reactor core under operating, transient and emergency modes. Based on the developed method, the occurrence of TAI area in the coolant was determined, with the criteria of TAI being formulated. A dimensionless determining criterion of the TAI area was justified depending on the rate of heat release, flow rate and enthalpy of the coolant at the entry to the reactor core. Applying the format of dimensionless parameters, the area of TAI of a water-cooled reactor core has been determined, with the relative power of the reactor being more than 0.25 and the relative flow rate of the coolant being less than 0.75.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is dedicated to a detailed investigation of properties of a proportional counter based on the Xe+2%CH4 mixture. A setup for filling the detectors with high purity Xe gas and Xe-based gas mixtures was designed and made. An optimized design of the proportional counters was developed and investigated. The design parameters, such as the material and diameter of the anode, the number and material of the gas mixture inlets, composition and pressure of the gas were improved. The operating regimes of the proportional counters, as well as their thermal stability, were investigated.
{"title":"PROPORTIONAL DETECTORS OF GAMMA-RADIATION BASED ON HIGH PURITY XENON GAS FOR RADIATION MONITORING","authors":"S.A. Sokolov, A.V. Kosinov, A.O. Pudov, V.E. Kutny, A.V. Rybka, K.V. Kovtun, S.I. Melnikov, I.S. Timchenko, S.N. Olejnik","doi":"10.46813/2023-147-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-147-146","url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to a detailed investigation of properties of a proportional counter based on the Xe+2%CH4 mixture. A setup for filling the detectors with high purity Xe gas and Xe-based gas mixtures was designed and made. An optimized design of the proportional counters was developed and investigated. The design parameters, such as the material and diameter of the anode, the number and material of the gas mixture inlets, composition and pressure of the gas were improved. The operating regimes of the proportional counters, as well as their thermal stability, were investigated.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the construction of a storage-type waveguide calorimeter designed to measure the energy of a sequence of short microwave pulses. The radiation is absorbed by water or ethanol, then the temperature increase is recorded by the LM 35 sensor. When using 14 cm3 of water, the energy measurement range is 3…88 J, and when using ethanol 1.3…40 J. The calorimeter is simple, cheap, and reliable.
{"title":"SIMPLE PULSE MICROWAVE WAVEGUIDE CALORIMETER WITH TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM 35","authors":"A. Linnik, D.Yu. Zalesky","doi":"10.46813/2023-146-077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-146-077","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the construction of a storage-type waveguide calorimeter designed to measure the energy of a sequence of short microwave pulses. The radiation is absorbed by water or ethanol, then the temperature increase is recorded by the LM 35 sensor. When using 14 cm3 of water, the energy measurement range is 3…88 J, and when using ethanol 1.3…40 J. The calorimeter is simple, cheap, and reliable.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78108412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses three different modes of electromagnetic field generation by an ensemble of quantum emitters placed at the radiation wavelength in the one-dimensional case. The excitation of the resonator field is considered, which, as a rule, is determined by the geometry of the system, with and without taking into account the eigenfields of the emitters. The superradiance mode of the same ensemble of emitters is also analyzed. Since the main indicator of generation is the level of energy output from the system, the position of the maximum of this indicator determines the operating point of the device. Taking into account the intrinsic field of the emitters enhances the generation intensity and significantly changes the position of the operating point.
{"title":"INCLUDING THE OWN FIELDS OF QUANTUM EMITTERS IN DESCRIBING GENERATION REGIMES","authors":"V. Kuklin, E. Poklonskiy","doi":"10.46813/2023-146-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-146-049","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses three different modes of electromagnetic field generation by an ensemble of quantum emitters placed at the radiation wavelength in the one-dimensional case. The excitation of the resonator field is considered, which, as a rule, is determined by the geometry of the system, with and without taking into account the eigenfields of the emitters. The superradiance mode of the same ensemble of emitters is also analyzed. Since the main indicator of generation is the level of energy output from the system, the position of the maximum of this indicator determines the operating point of the device. Taking into account the intrinsic field of the emitters enhances the generation intensity and significantly changes the position of the operating point.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83568765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The process of the excitation of plasma and electromagnetic oscillations by a relativistic electron bunch in a plasma resonator is considered. It is shown that the potential electric field of plasma oscillations contains the field of a bulk wake plasma wave and the fields of two surface plasma oscillations. Surface plasma oscillations are localized in the vicinity of the input and output ends of the plasma resonator. In a plasma resonator, as a result of the effect of transition radiation at the ends of the resonator, the electron bunch will also excite eigen electromagnetic oscillations of the resonator. The spatio-temporal structure of the electromagnetic field of these oscillations has been studied.
{"title":"WAKE EXCITATION OF PLASMA AND ELECTROMAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS BY A RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BUNCH IN A PLASMA RESONATOR","authors":"V. Balakirev, I. Onishchenko","doi":"10.46813/2023-146-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-146-071","url":null,"abstract":"The process of the excitation of plasma and electromagnetic oscillations by a relativistic electron bunch in a plasma resonator is considered. It is shown that the potential electric field of plasma oscillations contains the field of a bulk wake plasma wave and the fields of two surface plasma oscillations. Surface plasma oscillations are localized in the vicinity of the input and output ends of the plasma resonator. In a plasma resonator, as a result of the effect of transition radiation at the ends of the resonator, the electron bunch will also excite eigen electromagnetic oscillations of the resonator. The spatio-temporal structure of the electromagnetic field of these oscillations has been studied.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81694965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerical simulations of the negative corona at a constant applied voltage in the Trichel pulse mode are carried out for different contents of an electronegative gas component. The dependences of the total current peak value and the time interval between pulses on the values of the applied voltage and the content of electronegative components are obtained. The results are somewhat explained using simplified models.
{"title":"NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF REPRODUCTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS OF THE NEXT TRICHEL PULSE IN NEGATIVE CORONA","authors":"V. Ostroushko","doi":"10.46813/2023-146-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-146-134","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulations of the negative corona at a constant applied voltage in the Trichel pulse mode are carried out for different contents of an electronegative gas component. The dependences of the total current peak value and the time interval between pulses on the values of the applied voltage and the content of electronegative components are obtained. The results are somewhat explained using simplified models.","PeriodicalId":54580,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79671823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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