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Time-domain dimension-reduction representation for stochastic ground motion utilizing filtered white noise 利用滤波白噪声的随机地面运动时域降维表示法
IF 3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103678
Zhangjun Liu , Miao Liu , Bohang Xu , Yingfei Fan , Xinxin Ruan

A method is proposed for characterizing and simulating both stationary and fully non-stationary stochastic ground motions. This method is based on discrete filtered white noise models, including single and double filtered, with the latter is introduced to suppress low-frequency components. Specifically, the proposed method expresses seismic ground motion as a linear combination of products involving orthogonal random variables and deterministic functions. Further, by defining high-dimensional orthogonal random variables as orthogonal functions of extremely low dimensional elementary random variables, efficient dimension-reduction (DR) of primitive ground motion process can be achieved. To illustrate this concept, three distinct categories of random orthogonal functions involving only one or two elementary random variables are examined, employing filtered white noise models to simulate ground motion acceleration processes, thereby demonstrating the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Simultaneously, recommendations for employing the proposed method in simulations are provided based on an analysis of the impacts of various parameters on random ground motion processes. Case studies demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method compared to Monte Carlo (MC) methods. Furthermore, case studies on fully non-stationary ground motion highlight the practical applicability of the proposed method in engineering.

本文提出了一种方法,用于描述和模拟静止和完全非静止的随机地面运动。该方法基于离散滤波白噪声模型,包括单滤波和双滤波,后者用于抑制低频成分。具体来说,所提出的方法将地震地面运动表示为涉及正交随机变量和确定性函数的乘积的线性组合。此外,通过将高维正交随机变量定义为极低维基本随机变量的正交函数,可以实现原始地动过程的有效降维(DR)。为说明这一概念,我们采用滤波白噪声模型模拟地动加速度过程,研究了只涉及一或两个基本随机变量的三类不同的随机正交函数,从而证明了所建议方法的准确性和效率。同时,在分析各种参数对随机地面运动过程的影响的基础上,提出了在模拟中采用建议方法的建议。案例研究表明,与蒙特卡罗(MC)方法相比,建议方法具有准确性和稳健性。此外,对完全非稳态地动的案例研究突出了所提方法在工程中的实际应用性。
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引用次数: 0
Research on control parameters of high-speed maglev train under stochastic track irregularities 随机轨道不规则情况下的高速磁悬浮列车控制参数研究
IF 3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103664
Weixu Wang , Bin Wang , Gang Deng , Lingfeng Ma

During operational phases, maglev trains encounter track irregularities, presenting a formidable challenge to the integrity of their control systems owing to the inherently stochastic nature, a challenge accentuated in the context of high-speed maglev trains. This study aims to comprehensively examine control parameters within the context of stochastic excitation resulting from track irregularities. Through the development of a rigorous stochastic response analysis model utilizing the pseudo excitation method, the investigation delves into the dynamics of an EMS-type high-speed maglev train-rigid track system. Evaluation indices, derived from the power spectral density of the maglev train's response, are established to quantify both control stability and operational stability. Subsequently, based on these indices, a recommended range of PD control parameters is proposed, accounting for the requirements stipulated by the evaluation metrics. The study elucidates that variation in PD control parameters exert discernible effects on the system's stability, primarily altering the nature frequency and damping ratio. Specifically, control stability demonstrates a positive correlation with increasing PD control parameters, while operational stability exhibits a nuanced relationship—initially bolstered by escalating proportional coefficients but subsequently tempered, albeit gradually, with heightened derivative coefficients. The delineated range of values for PD control parameters is meticulously determined, considering pertinent physical parameters of the electromagnetic system, such as mass, static suspension current, and static suspension gap, alongside factors like the Sperling indicator and suspension gap variation.

在运行阶段,磁悬浮列车会遇到轨道不规则的情况,由于其固有的随机性,对其控制系统的完整性提出了严峻的挑战。本研究旨在全面研究轨道不规则性产生的随机激励背景下的控制参数。通过利用伪激励方法建立严格的随机响应分析模型,研究人员深入探讨了 EMS 型高速磁悬浮列车-刚性轨道系统的动力学特性。根据磁悬浮列车响应的功率谱密度建立了评估指数,用于量化控制稳定性和运行稳定性。随后,根据这些指数,并考虑到评价指标规定的要求,提出了 PD 控制参数的建议范围。研究表明,PD 控制参数的变化会对系统的稳定性产生明显的影响,主要是改变自然频率和阻尼比。具体来说,控制稳定性与 PD 控制参数的增加呈正相关,而运行稳定性则表现出一种微妙的关系--最初,比例系数的增加会增强系统的稳定性,但随后,导数系数的增加会逐渐削弱系统的稳定性。PD 控制参数的取值范围是精心确定的,考虑了电磁系统的相关物理参数,如质量、静态悬浮电流和静态悬浮间隙,以及斯珀林指标和悬浮间隙变化等因素。
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引用次数: 0
Response of Gaussian white noise excited oscillators with inertia nonlinearity based on the RBFNN method 基于 RBFNN 方法的具有惯性非线性的高斯白噪声激励振荡器的响应
IF 3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103637
Yongqi Hu , Gen Ge

Although stochastic averaging methods have proven effective in solving the responses of nonlinear oscillators with a strong stiffness term under broadband noise excitations, these methods appear to be ineffective when dealing with oscillators that have a strong inertial nonlinearity term (also known as coordinate-dependent mass) or multiple potential wells. To address this limitation, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) algorithm is applied to predict the responses of oscillators with both a strong inertia nonlinearity term and multiple potential wells. The well-known Gaussian functions are chosen as radial basis functions in the model. Then, the approximate stationary probability density function (PDF) is expressed as the sum of Gaussian basis functions (GBFs) with weights. The squared error of the approximate solution for the Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov (FPK) function is minimized using the Lagrange multiplier method to determine optimal weight coefficients. Three examples are presented to demonstrate how inertia nonlinearity terms and potential wells affect the responses. The mean square errors between Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) and RBFNN predictions are provided. The results indicate that RBFNN predictions align perfectly with those obtained from MCS.

虽然随机平均法已被证明能有效解决具有强刚度项的非线性振荡器在宽带噪声激励下的响应问题,但在处理具有强惯性非线性项(也称为坐标相关质量)或多个势阱的振荡器时,这些方法似乎并不奏效。为了解决这一局限性,我们采用径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)算法来预测具有强惯性非线性项和多个势阱的振荡器的响应。在该模型中,选择了众所周知的高斯函数作为径向基函数。然后,将近似静态概率密度函数(PDF)表示为带权重的高斯基函数(GBF)之和。使用拉格朗日乘法最小化 Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov (FPK) 函数近似解的平方误差,从而确定最佳权系数。本文列举了三个例子来说明惯性非线性项和电位井对响应的影响。提供了蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)与 RBFNN 预测之间的均方误差。结果表明,RBFNN 预测结果与蒙特卡罗模拟结果完全一致。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of multivariate ergodic stochastic processes using adaptive spectral sampling and non-uniform fast Fourier transform 利用自适应频谱采样和非均匀快速傅立叶变换模拟多元遍历随机过程
IF 3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103669
Tianyou Tao, Hao Wang

The simulation of multivariate ergodic stochastic processes is critical for structural dynamic analysis and reliability evaluation. Although the traditional spectral representation method (SRM) has a wide application in many areas, it is highly inefficient in simulating stochastic processes with many simulation points or long durations due to the significant computational cost associated with matrix factorizations concerning frequency. To address the encountered challenge, this paper presents an efficient approach for simulating ergodic stochastic processes with limited frequencies. Central to this approach is a fusion of the adaptive spectral sampling and the non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) techniques. The adaptive spectral sampling of the envelope spectrum enables the determination of limited non-equispaced frequencies, which are randomly sampled according to a uniform distribution. Thus, the Cholesky decomposition is only required at limited specific frequencies, which dramatically reduces the computational cost of matrix factorizations. Since the randomly sampled frequencies are not equispaced, utilizing FFT to accelerate the summation of trigonometric functions becomes impractical. Then, the NUFFT that adapts the non-equispaced sampling points is employed instead to expedite this process with the non-uniform increment approximated through reduced interpolation. By taking the wind field simulation of a long-span suspension bridge as an example, a parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of random frequencies on the simulation error of the developed approach and the convergence of spectra. Finally, the developed approach is further validated by focusing on the spectra and probabilistic density functions of the simulated wind samples, and the simulation performance is compared with that of the traditional approach. The analytical results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the developed approach in simulating ergodic stochastic processes.

多变量遍历随机过程的模拟对于结构动态分析和可靠性评估至关重要。虽然传统的频谱表示法(SRM)在许多领域都有广泛应用,但由于与频率相关的矩阵因式分解需要大量计算成本,因此在模拟模拟点多或持续时间长的随机过程时效率很低。为了解决所遇到的难题,本文提出了一种模拟有限频率的遍历随机过程的高效方法。这种方法的核心是融合自适应频谱采样和非均匀快速傅里叶变换(NUFFT)技术。包络谱的自适应频谱采样可以确定有限的非匀速频率,这些频率是根据均匀分布随机采样的。因此,只需要在有限的特定频率上进行乔利斯基分解,从而大大降低了矩阵因式分解的计算成本。由于随机采样频率不是等距的,利用 FFT 加速三角函数求和变得不切实际。因此,采用了对非等距采样点进行调整的 NUFFT 来加速这一过程,通过减少插值来近似非均匀增量。以大跨度悬索桥的风场模拟为例,进行了参数分析,研究了随机频率对所开发方法的模拟误差和频谱收敛性的影响。最后,通过关注模拟风样本的频谱和概率密度函数,进一步验证了所开发的方法,并将模拟性能与传统方法进行了比较。分析结果证明了所开发的方法在模拟遍历随机过程中的效率和准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Expected damage assessment of RC half-joints under traffic load 交通荷载作用下钢筋混凝土半连接件的预期损伤评估
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103656
Federico Gusella

A probabilistic framework for the expected damage estimation of RC half-joints under traffic load is proposed. Taking into account the uncertainties in geometrical features and mechanical properties, and introducing a probabilistic model for the traffic load, the proposed procedure links the structural response of RC half-joints, described by fragility curves, to financial consequences, according to the Loss-Based Design (LBD). In addition to the reliability of RC Gerber bridges, as impacted by the structural response of RC half-joints, the procedure allows to identify proper strengthening interventions focusing on cost-effectiveness and efficiency. The improved level of information regarding the structural performance of bridges can become the basis for more rational decision making as part of risk management strategies. The procedure is applied to the RC Gerber bridge “Annone” (Italy), which is investigated, as case study, in the as-built configuration and assuming a strengthening intervention.

本文提出了一个用于估算交通荷载下钢筋混凝土半连接件预期损坏的概率框架。考虑到几何特征和机械性能的不确定性,并引入交通荷载的概率模型,根据基于损失的设计(LBD),所提出的程序将脆性曲线描述的 RC 半接面结构响应与经济后果联系起来。除了受 RC 半接缝结构响应影响的 RC 格柏桥的可靠性外,该程序还能确定适当的加固干预措施,重点关注成本效益和效率。桥梁结构性能信息水平的提高可作为风险管理策略的一部分,成为更合理决策的基础。该程序适用于 RC 格柏桥 "Annone"(意大利),作为案例研究,该桥是在竣工配置和假定加固干预的情况下进行调查的。
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引用次数: 0
On the parametric assessment of fatigue disparities 疲劳差异的参数评估
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103651
Elvis N. Kufoin, Luca Susmel

Efficiently merging fatigue datasets from diverse sources has proven to be a strategic approach for enhancing the reliability of fatigue assessment and design within industry, while concurrently streamlining costs and time. Statistical parametric analysis is an approach that can be applied to fatigue datasets to determine whether the datasets can be deemed statistically significant (different) or statistically insignificant (similar). This paper systematically employed statistical parametric test-statistic hypotheses to assess significance. To validate this approach the paper used as a case study, fatigue data sets generated from varied notched specimens with hole diameters ranging from 0 mm to 3 mm, in addition to data from the literature. In particular, gross stresses were utilized to ensure that the only means to identify differences in the fatigue datasets was through statistical analysis. This approach was observed to work well for geometries with differences in notch geometry as small as 1 mm and was able to identify notch insensitivity in cast iron. Thus, this method can be used to differentiate fatigue datasets based on statistical parameters rather than other physical parameters.

事实证明,有效合并不同来源的疲劳数据集是提高工业疲劳评估和设计可靠性的一种战略方法,同时还能简化成本和缩短时间。统计参数分析是一种可应用于疲劳数据集的方法,用于确定数据集在统计上是否显著(不同)或不显著(相似)。本文系统地采用了统计参数检验假设来评估显著性。为了验证这种方法,本文将孔径从 0 毫米到 3 毫米不等的各种缺口试样产生的疲劳数据集作为案例研究,此外还使用了文献中的数据。特别是,利用总应力来确保识别疲劳数据集差异的唯一方法是通过统计分析。据观察,这种方法适用于缺口几何差异小至 1 毫米的几何形状,并能识别铸铁缺口的不敏感性。因此,这种方法可用于根据统计参数而不是其他物理参数来区分疲劳数据集。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability modeling of pre-stressed composite structures subject to interlayer slip failure under multi-axial random impact and vibration loads 预应力复合材料结构在多轴向随机冲击和振动载荷作用下发生层间滑移破坏的可靠性建模
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103650
Xiaochang Duan , Junpeng Shan , Chaoyang Xie , Jingjing He , Xuefei Guan

A time-dependent reliability model for pre-stressed metal/polymer/metal composite structures subject to interlayer slip failure is developed in this study, allowing for predicting the probability of failure of the whole structure under multi-axial random multi-peak impact loads and transport vibration. A multi-Gaussian envelope model with uniform modulations is proposed to model random multi-peak impact loads, and the inverse sampling method is employed to model random transport vibration. An interlayer slip physics model is developed based on the contact surface friction mechanism under multi-axial vibration load and the stress-relaxation constitutive model. By implementing the interlayer slip physics model in the finite element method framework via the user-material routine, the geometry effect of the structure can be dealt with, and the reliabilities at an arbitrary location of the structure can be obtained. The proposed method is demonstrated using engineering examples. The results show that the proposed reliability assessment method provides a viable and systematical procedure of computing the time-dependent reliability of composite structures as a whole under multi-axial impact loads and vibrations.

本研究针对预应力金属/聚合物/金属复合材料结构层间滑移失效问题,建立了与时间相关的可靠性模型,可预测整个结构在多轴向随机多峰值冲击载荷和传输振动作用下的失效概率。研究提出了具有均匀调制的多高斯包络模型来模拟随机多峰值冲击载荷,并采用反采样法来模拟随机传输振动。基于多轴振动载荷下的接触面摩擦机理和应力松弛构成模型,建立了层间滑移物理模型。通过用户材料例程在有限元法框架中实施层间滑移物理模型,可以处理结构的几何效应,并获得结构任意位置的可靠性。我们利用工程实例对所提出的方法进行了演示。结果表明,所提出的可靠性评估方法为计算复合材料结构整体在多轴冲击载荷和振动下随时间变化的可靠性提供了一个可行的系统程序。
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引用次数: 0
Back analysis of the shear strength parameters of 3D landslides with Bayesian approach and reliability theory 用贝叶斯方法和可靠性理论反向分析三维滑坡的抗剪强度参数
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103639
Shi Zuo , Bin Wei , Lianheng Zhao , Qiujing Pan , Zhibin Lei , Shilin Luo

To establish an accurate model for determining the shear strength parameters of sliding surfaces while considering the variability and uncertainty of geotechnical parameters, a reliability back analysis method for parameters based on Bayesian theory and a three-dimensional slope stability analysis method are proposed in this paper. First, the prior information of shear strength parameters is updated according to the field test information based on Bayesian theory. Then, combined with the reliability theory, the influences of different two-dimensional and three-dimensional sliding surface shapes on the parameters back analysis are studied. The results show that the uncertainty of parameters decreases with the increase in the amount of test data after introducing the test data to update the mastered parameter information based on Bayesian theory, and it is of great significance to consider the shape and three-dimensional effect of the sliding surface accurately to improve the accuracy of parameter determination and slope stability analysis.

为了在考虑岩土参数的可变性和不确定性的同时,建立精确的滑动面抗剪强度参数确定模型,本文提出了一种基于贝叶斯理论的参数可靠性回溯分析方法和一种三维边坡稳定性分析方法。首先,基于贝叶斯理论,根据现场试验信息更新抗剪强度参数的先验信息。然后,结合可靠性理论,研究了不同的二维和三维滑动面形状对参数回溯分析的影响。结果表明,引入试验数据更新基于贝叶斯理论掌握的参数信息后,参数的不确定性随试验数据量的增加而减小,准确考虑滑动面的形状和三维效应对提高参数确定和边坡稳定性分析的精度具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Bayesian model updating of eight-storey CLT building using modal data 利用模态数据对八层 CLT 建筑进行贝叶斯模型更新
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103642
Blaž Kurent , Noemi Friedman , Angelo Aloisio , Dag Pasca , Roberto Tomasi , Boštjan Brank

The serviceability of tall timber buildings due to wind-induced vibrations is often a governing design criterion. However, accurate modelling of such buildings for their serviceability is a challenge, partly because certain non-structural building elements (e.g. plasterboards, façade, screed) act structurally, and no guidelines exist on how to effectively include them in the model. Model updating may be helpful in revealing their as-built characteristics. This paper presents findings of a surrogate-based Bayesian model updating of a lightweight eight-storey cross-laminated-timber building. In particular, the focus was on patterns and correlations between mass distribution and modal characteristics, as well as the effects of joints, non-structural building elements, and the foundation. Model updating utilised the results of ambient vibration testing, which is commonly used in civil engineering for structural identification or health monitoring, however, it generally offers a relatively low number of identified modes. To this end, the study investigates the sensitivity of the updating process to the number of modes involved in the analysis.

由于风引起的振动,高层木结构建筑的适用性通常是设计的一个重要标准。然而,对此类建筑的适用性进行精确建模是一项挑战,部分原因是某些非结构性建筑构件(如石膏板、外墙、砂浆层)在结构上起作用,而目前还没有关于如何将其有效纳入模型的指南。模型更新可能有助于揭示它们的竣工特征。本文介绍了对一栋轻质八层交叉层压木材建筑进行基于代用贝叶斯模型更新的结果。重点尤其放在质量分布和模态特征之间的模式和相关性,以及接缝、非结构性建筑构件和地基的影响。模型更新利用了环境振动测试的结果,环境振动测试通常用于土木工程中的结构识别或健康监测,但通常只能提供相对较少的识别模式。为此,本研究调查了更新过程对分析中涉及的模态数量的敏感性。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the estimation of extreme wind speed considering directionality 重新审视考虑方向性的极端风速估算
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2024.103641
Ying Luo , Mingshan Guan , Yan Han , Hongke Shi , Xiaoyun Han

In the estimation of extreme wind speed, the effect of wind direction is usually ignored. Nevertheless, as a vital parameter of the wind, it should be reasonably taken into consideration. Nowadays, the influence of wind direction can be considered through directional wind speed or directly regarding it as a variable. Based on wind speed data of climate stations, the wind directions are divided into uniform and non-uniform sectors. Copula function is then applied to establish the joint distribution of directional wind speed. The effect of the partition of directional sectors is discussed subsequently. Meanwhile, a joint distribution model of wind speed and wind direction based on copula function is also set up. According to the joint distribution, extreme wind speeds under specified wind directions are estimated based on conditional probability. Besides, extreme wind speeds considering wind directionality based on the aforementioned two methods are compared. Results show that the classification of wind direction will affect the estimation of extreme wind speed. In addition, the estimation of extreme wind speed under specified wind direction based on the joint distribution of wind speed and wind direction does not reflect the actual wind characteristics. Through the comparison of different methods considering directionality, the result based on the joint distribution of directional wind speed seems more reasonable.

在估算极端风速时,通常会忽略风向的影响。然而,作为风的一个重要参数,它应该得到合理的考虑。目前,可以通过定向风速或直接将风向作为变量来考虑风向的影响。根据气候站的风速数据,将风向分为均匀扇形和非均匀扇形。然后应用 Copula 函数建立方向风速的联合分布。随后讨论了方向扇区划分的影响。同时,还建立了基于 copula 函数的风速和风向联合分布模型。根据联合分布模型,基于条件概率估算出指定风向下的极端风速。此外,还比较了基于上述两种方法的考虑风向的极端风速。结果表明,风向的分类会影响极端风速的估算。此外,根据风速和风向的联合分布估算指定风向下的极端风速并不能反映实际的风力特征。通过比较考虑方向性的不同方法,基于方向风速联合分布的结果似乎更为合理。
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引用次数: 0
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Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics
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