Daniela Guicking, Sarah Keßler, Eliza Störmer, Maggie Bersch, Martin Duchoslav
The tetraploid Ficaria verna is a common spring geophyte in central Europe and is considered invasive in the USA and Canada. It is considered an almost seed-sterile taxon, relying on vegetative reproduction by underground tubers and aerial bulbils. Recent studies have revealed high levels of population genetic diversity in F. verna, raising the question of how genetic diversity is maintained and which factors may be responsible for the observed patterns. Polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers were established to define multi-locus genotypes (MLGs), to analyze fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) using grid and cross-sampling schemes, and to quantify genetic diversity within and between nine populations with different disturbance regimes in central Germany. In total, 115 MLGs were identified among a total of 347 samples. The G/N ratio varied between 0.16 and 0.70 among populations, and in each population several unique MLGs occurred. Genotypes were highly intermingled within populations, suggesting a “guerrilla” dispersal strategy. Significant SGS (negative regression slope of kinship coefficients against inter-individual distances) was found in four out of nine populations in fine-scale cross-sampling (up to 4 m) and in only one population in grid sampling (up to 14.6 m). No single MLG was found in more than one population, while many alleles were shared between populations. Within-population clonal and allelic diversity increased with greater exposure to both anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Regular gap openings, facilitated propagule establishment, and propagule dispersal by water and mowing machines are likely important factors explaining the positive effects of disturbance on local genetic diversity of F. verna.
{"title":"Anthropogenic and natural disturbances increase local genetic diversity in an early spring geophyte (Ficaria verna Huds)","authors":"Daniela Guicking, Sarah Keßler, Eliza Störmer, Maggie Bersch, Martin Duchoslav","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12444","url":null,"abstract":"The tetraploid <i>Ficaria verna</i> is a common spring geophyte in central Europe and is considered invasive in the USA and Canada. It is considered an almost seed-sterile taxon, relying on vegetative reproduction by underground tubers and aerial bulbils. Recent studies have revealed high levels of population genetic diversity in <i>F. verna</i>, raising the question of how genetic diversity is maintained and which factors may be responsible for the observed patterns. Polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers were established to define multi-locus genotypes (MLGs), to analyze fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) using grid and cross-sampling schemes, and to quantify genetic diversity within and between nine populations with different disturbance regimes in central Germany. In total, 115 MLGs were identified among a total of 347 samples. The G/N ratio varied between 0.16 and 0.70 among populations, and in each population several unique MLGs occurred. Genotypes were highly intermingled within populations, suggesting a “guerrilla” dispersal strategy. Significant SGS (negative regression slope of kinship coefficients against inter-individual distances) was found in four out of nine populations in fine-scale cross-sampling (up to 4 m) and in only one population in grid sampling (up to 14.6 m). No single MLG was found in more than one population, while many alleles were shared between populations. Within-population clonal and allelic diversity increased with greater exposure to both anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Regular gap openings, facilitated propagule establishment, and propagule dispersal by water and mowing machines are likely important factors explaining the positive effects of disturbance on local genetic diversity of <i>F. verna</i>.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suman Paul, Bhushan B. Dholakia, Badal Kumar Datta
Ipomoea triloba L., an annual twining herb, is considered an alien invasive species and is distributed all around the globe including tropical Asia. It affects the yield of various economically important crops. Studies on floral phenology and reproductive biology are fundamental for the development of management strategies and the conservation of plants. Hence, we investigated the phenology, floral biology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollination mechanism, and reproductive success of I. triloba at two different locations in one of the global biodiversity hotspots. Floral anthesis was diurnal, starting at 6:30 a.m. and lasting until 7:00 a.m. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were found to coincide, thus suggesting the species was homogamous. The flowers were mostly visited and pollinated by sweat bees (Halictidae), blue-banded bees (Amegilla sp.), flies (Mesembrius sp.), and butterflies (Appias olferna, Pelopidas agna, and Zizina otis). Further, the pollinator visitation frequency showed a moderately positive correlation with the number of open flowers in both study populations. The plant produced fruits in the absence of pollinators in self-pollination treatments, indicating a self-compatible breeding system and dependency on insect pollination for reproductive success. Further, pollen supplementation significantly enhanced the fruit setting and mean seed per fruit at both study sites, suggesting pollen limitation. Additionally, pollen production and pollen/ovule ratio also indicated the facultative autogamous breeding system in I. triloba. Overall, these reproductive characteristics such as mixed mating systems and generalist insect visitation may allow the invasive I. triloba to establish new populations from low numbers of propagules.
{"title":"Reproductive biology and pollination ecology of Ipomoea triloba L. (Convolvulaceae): An alien invasive species of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot","authors":"Suman Paul, Bhushan B. Dholakia, Badal Kumar Datta","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Ipomoea triloba</i> L., an annual twining herb, is considered an alien invasive species and is distributed all around the globe including tropical Asia. It affects the yield of various economically important crops. Studies on floral phenology and reproductive biology are fundamental for the development of management strategies and the conservation of plants. Hence, we investigated the phenology, floral biology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollination mechanism, and reproductive success of <i>I. triloba</i> at two different locations in one of the global biodiversity hotspots. Floral anthesis was diurnal, starting at 6:30 a.m. and lasting until 7:00 a.m. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were found to coincide, thus suggesting the species was homogamous. The flowers were mostly visited and pollinated by sweat bees (Halictidae), blue-banded bees (<i>Amegilla</i> sp.), flies (<i>Mesembrius</i> sp.), and butterflies (<i>Appias olferna</i>, <i>Pelopidas agna</i>, and <i>Zizina otis</i>). Further, the pollinator visitation frequency showed a moderately positive correlation with the number of open flowers in both study populations. The plant produced fruits in the absence of pollinators in self-pollination treatments, indicating a self-compatible breeding system and dependency on insect pollination for reproductive success. Further, pollen supplementation significantly enhanced the fruit setting and mean seed per fruit at both study sites, suggesting pollen limitation. Additionally, pollen production and pollen/ovule ratio also indicated the facultative autogamous breeding system in <i>I. triloba</i>. Overall, these reproductive characteristics such as mixed mating systems and generalist insect visitation may allow the invasive <i>I. triloba</i> to establish new populations from low numbers of propagules.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138567265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2022-03-23DOI: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001552
Ryan D Larochelle, Vivek Koduri, Rachel Chen, Prem S Subramanian
{"title":"Reply to Comment on Embolic Abducens Palsy and Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) in a Patient With COVID-19: Response.","authors":"Ryan D Larochelle, Vivek Koduri, Rachel Chen, Prem S Subramanian","doi":"10.1097/WNO.0000000000001552","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNO.0000000000001552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"e359-e360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85178897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisca Henríquez-Gangas, Sebastián A. Reyes, Gastón O. Carvallo
Plants exhibit contrasting flower morphologies depending on their reproductive strategy, with autogamous species typically having smaller flowers than allogamous ones. Flower size can restrict the reproductive potential of species, as the development among flower parts is interrelated. This can result in a constraint on ovary size in adult plants, reducing the number of ovules produced, particularly in autogamous species with small flowers, in contrast to allogamous species with larger flowers. To test this hypothesis, we studied the static allometric relationships (allometry measured at mature flowers) of monkeyflower species (Erythranthe) endemic to the Andean region, including an autogamous species (E. glabrata), two allogamous species (E. depressa and E. lutea), and hybrids obtained from E. depressa × E. lutea crosses. We measured flower traits, counted ovules, and determined the static allometric relationships among traits for all taxa. Our study revealed that static allometric relationships are highly maintained among studied Erythranthe, with flower length serving as a crucial indicator of the dimensions that different flower parts reach. This suggests that flower length is an important factor determining the maternal reproductive potential in Erythranthe, with both autogamous and allogamous species showing a positive relationship between flower length and ovule number. Overall, investigating allometric relationships in Erythranthe, including hybrids, can shed light on the complex interactions between flower morphology and reproductive strategies in plants.
{"title":"Flower size constrains reproductive potential in three Andean monkeyflower species","authors":"Francisca Henríquez-Gangas, Sebastián A. Reyes, Gastón O. Carvallo","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12442","url":null,"abstract":"Plants exhibit contrasting flower morphologies depending on their reproductive strategy, with autogamous species typically having smaller flowers than allogamous ones. Flower size can restrict the reproductive potential of species, as the development among flower parts is interrelated. This can result in a constraint on ovary size in adult plants, reducing the number of ovules produced, particularly in autogamous species with small flowers, in contrast to allogamous species with larger flowers. To test this hypothesis, we studied the static allometric relationships (allometry measured at mature flowers) of monkeyflower species (<i>Erythranthe</i>) endemic to the Andean region, including an autogamous species (<i>E. glabrata</i>), two allogamous species (<i>E. depressa</i> and <i>E. lutea</i>), and hybrids obtained from <i>E. depressa</i> × <i>E. lutea</i> crosses. We measured flower traits, counted ovules, and determined the static allometric relationships among traits for all taxa. Our study revealed that static allometric relationships are highly maintained among studied <i>Erythranthe</i>, with flower length serving as a crucial indicator of the dimensions that different flower parts reach. This suggests that flower length is an important factor determining the maternal reproductive potential in <i>Erythranthe</i>, with both autogamous and allogamous species showing a positive relationship between flower length and ovule number. Overall, investigating allometric relationships in <i>Erythranthe</i>, including hybrids, can shed light on the complex interactions between flower morphology and reproductive strategies in plants.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"44 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krisztina Napsugár Nagy, Luca Viktória Kardos, Zsófia Orbán, László Bakacsy
Abstract Global spread of invasive plant species threatens biodiversity significantly, with a particularly high presence of invasives in the Asteraceae family. This is partly due to their wide use as ornamental plants and their rapid reproduction and allelopathy. The Indian blanket flower ( Gaillardia pulchella ) is a native North American species widely used as an ornamental plant and has become invasive in other countries. Although it contains bioactive compounds, its allelopathic impact on other plants has been largely unexplored. We conducted in vitro tests on oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) germination and early growth to assess blanket flower's allelopathy. Seeds were exposed to aqueous extracts at three different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 40%). The 40% extract significantly inhibited germination during the treatment. All three concentrations inhibited root growth, with the 40% treatment showing this effect from the second day. In contrast, the extracts promoted significantly shoot elongation. Fresh weight of seedlings was not affected by the extract, but the 10% treatment resulted in higher mass. These findings provide evidence of blanket flower's allelopathic effects, shedding light on its invasive potential.
{"title":"The allelochemical potential of an invasive ornamental plant, the Indian blanket flower (<scp><i>Gaillardia pulchella</i></scp> Foug.)","authors":"Krisztina Napsugár Nagy, Luca Viktória Kardos, Zsófia Orbán, László Bakacsy","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12441","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global spread of invasive plant species threatens biodiversity significantly, with a particularly high presence of invasives in the Asteraceae family. This is partly due to their wide use as ornamental plants and their rapid reproduction and allelopathy. The Indian blanket flower ( Gaillardia pulchella ) is a native North American species widely used as an ornamental plant and has become invasive in other countries. Although it contains bioactive compounds, its allelopathic impact on other plants has been largely unexplored. We conducted in vitro tests on oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) germination and early growth to assess blanket flower's allelopathy. Seeds were exposed to aqueous extracts at three different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 40%). The 40% extract significantly inhibited germination during the treatment. All three concentrations inhibited root growth, with the 40% treatment showing this effect from the second day. In contrast, the extracts promoted significantly shoot elongation. Fresh weight of seedlings was not affected by the extract, but the 10% treatment resulted in higher mass. These findings provide evidence of blanket flower's allelopathic effects, shedding light on its invasive potential.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Efigenia Gonçalves, Geane Cristina Eugenio Viegas, Nayara Magry Jesus Melo, João Paulo Souza
Abstract Climate change is among the main threats to ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. These changes are associated with increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]). This study aimed to investigate how [CO 2 ] influences chlorophyll a fluorescence, vegetative growth, biomass production, and the number of root nodules (NRN) of Dimorphandra wilsonii , a critically endangered species. The study was conducted in six open‐top chambers with two CO 2 levels, at elevated [CO 2 ] (eCO 2 , 717 ± 77 ppm) and at ambient [CO 2 ] (aCO 2 , 539 ± 42 ppm). We monitored vegetative growth weekly, and at the end of the experiment, we measured chlorophyll a fluorescence and biomass production. Dimorphandra wilsonii plants under eCO 2 showed higher ( p < 0.05) average leaf dry mass, average leaf area, and lower ( p < 0.05) root/shoot ratio than plants under aCO 2 . The greater aerial biomass allocation contributes to maximizing the photosynthesis performance but could also result in the self‐shading of old basal leaves by new distal leaves on branches. This adjustment could be advantageous in the competition for light; however, it would be a disadvantage for below‐ground resource competition (such as water and nutrients), which could result in decreased drought resistance. Also, this adjustment would be unfavorable to D. wilsonii , which occurs in a seasonal climate environment competing with invasive grasses. Thus, it is possible that climate change scenarios with increases in [CO 2 ] and drought periods could negatively influence the establishment of young plants of D. wilsonii in their natural occurrence area, which could worsen the conservation status of the species.
{"title":"The change in the biomass allocation to stems and leaves in young plants of <i>Dimorphandra wilsonii</i> under <scp>eCO<sub>2</sub></scp> may harm this endangered species in native areas","authors":"Marina Efigenia Gonçalves, Geane Cristina Eugenio Viegas, Nayara Magry Jesus Melo, João Paulo Souza","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12440","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is among the main threats to ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. These changes are associated with increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]). This study aimed to investigate how [CO 2 ] influences chlorophyll a fluorescence, vegetative growth, biomass production, and the number of root nodules (NRN) of Dimorphandra wilsonii , a critically endangered species. The study was conducted in six open‐top chambers with two CO 2 levels, at elevated [CO 2 ] (eCO 2 , 717 ± 77 ppm) and at ambient [CO 2 ] (aCO 2 , 539 ± 42 ppm). We monitored vegetative growth weekly, and at the end of the experiment, we measured chlorophyll a fluorescence and biomass production. Dimorphandra wilsonii plants under eCO 2 showed higher ( p < 0.05) average leaf dry mass, average leaf area, and lower ( p < 0.05) root/shoot ratio than plants under aCO 2 . The greater aerial biomass allocation contributes to maximizing the photosynthesis performance but could also result in the self‐shading of old basal leaves by new distal leaves on branches. This adjustment could be advantageous in the competition for light; however, it would be a disadvantage for below‐ground resource competition (such as water and nutrients), which could result in decreased drought resistance. Also, this adjustment would be unfavorable to D. wilsonii , which occurs in a seasonal climate environment competing with invasive grasses. Thus, it is possible that climate change scenarios with increases in [CO 2 ] and drought periods could negatively influence the establishment of young plants of D. wilsonii in their natural occurrence area, which could worsen the conservation status of the species.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"2 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135873763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant Species BiologyVolume 38, Issue 6 p. 332-332 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Acknowledgment First published: 07 November 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12438Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume38, Issue6November 2023Pages 332-332 RelatedInformation
{"title":"Acknowledgment","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12438","url":null,"abstract":"Plant Species BiologyVolume 38, Issue 6 p. 332-332 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Acknowledgment First published: 07 November 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12438Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume38, Issue6November 2023Pages 332-332 RelatedInformation","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"66 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135515148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We investigated the clonal competition of three co‐occurring dwarf bamboo species, Sasa borealis , Sasa nipponica , and Sasaella ramosa , for 32 years in an old‐growth beech forest in central Japan. A study plot (10 m × 24 m) was established to examine the culm dynamics of these species. Sasa borealis had a competitive advantage over the other species. It invaded the other bamboo populations at a rate of 0.84–0.89 m/y from 1988 to 2020, while S . nipponica invaded at a rate of 0.17 m/y until 2003. After that, S . nipponica started to retreat at a rate of 0.85 m/y along with the invasion of S . borealis until 2020. The invasion rate of S . borealis did not change before and after the competition with S . nipponica . Our results showed that it would take 13.9–14.8 years from S . borealis invasion for S . nipponica to disappear. The density of S . ramosa decreased but it did not disappear from the plot because it retreated at a slow rate of 0.08 m/y. Sasa borealis almost achieved its potential maximum culm density, but the other two bamboo species did not. If stable conditions were maintained, S . borealis would continue to invade, dominate, and eliminate the other bamboo species. The ecological traits of dwarf bamboo species, such as the maximum density, size, and longevity of culms, are good indicators for assessing their competitiveness. Our findings demonstrate that dwarf bamboo species are actually replaced by another bamboo species in the forest understory during a long period.
{"title":"Competitive ability of dwarf bamboo (<scp><i>Sasa borealis</i></scp>) through long‐term clonal growth in mixed dwarf bamboo communities in the understory of a temperate deciduous forest","authors":"Kaoru Niiyama, Mitsue Shibata, Tomoyuki Saitoh, Shoji Naoe","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12437","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated the clonal competition of three co‐occurring dwarf bamboo species, Sasa borealis , Sasa nipponica , and Sasaella ramosa , for 32 years in an old‐growth beech forest in central Japan. A study plot (10 m × 24 m) was established to examine the culm dynamics of these species. Sasa borealis had a competitive advantage over the other species. It invaded the other bamboo populations at a rate of 0.84–0.89 m/y from 1988 to 2020, while S . nipponica invaded at a rate of 0.17 m/y until 2003. After that, S . nipponica started to retreat at a rate of 0.85 m/y along with the invasion of S . borealis until 2020. The invasion rate of S . borealis did not change before and after the competition with S . nipponica . Our results showed that it would take 13.9–14.8 years from S . borealis invasion for S . nipponica to disappear. The density of S . ramosa decreased but it did not disappear from the plot because it retreated at a slow rate of 0.08 m/y. Sasa borealis almost achieved its potential maximum culm density, but the other two bamboo species did not. If stable conditions were maintained, S . borealis would continue to invade, dominate, and eliminate the other bamboo species. The ecological traits of dwarf bamboo species, such as the maximum density, size, and longevity of culms, are good indicators for assessing their competitiveness. Our findings demonstrate that dwarf bamboo species are actually replaced by another bamboo species in the forest understory during a long period.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebrahim Mohammadianfar, Farshid Ghaderi‐Far, Benjamin Torabi, Asieh Siahmarguee, Mehdi Behroj, Carol Baskin, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour
Bunium persicum is an important medicinal plant, but the requirements for seed dormancy break and germination are not well known. Based on available information, we hypothesized that seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and physiological dormancy (PD), and hence morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and that populations of this species may have different degrees of MPD which demand different germination requirements. In this study, we evaluated embryo growth in seeds from four B. persicum populations at different temperatures and tested germination at varying constant temperatures, with or without GA3 and cold stratification. Seeds from the four populations had a fully differentiated, small, linear but underdeveloped embryo. The initial embryo‐to‐seed length ratio was 0.14–0.17, but it increased to 0.71–0.75 before germination at 5°C. Little embryo growth occurred at 15°C and no growth occurred at 25°C. GA3 effectively increased germination percentages, replaced cold stratification, reduced the required period for cold stratification, and in combination with cold stratification increased the maximum temperature of germination. Therefore, seeds from the four populations have intermediate complex MPD. Additionally, the germination responses of seeds from the four populations to GA3, cold stratification, or both were different, suggesting variation in the degree of PD. Bunium persicum seeds developed in cool and wet conditions were more dormant than those developed under warm and dry conditions. Thus, we showed that different climates can affect the depth of PD in a species whose seeds have MPD, resulting in variation in the degree of intermediate complex MPD at the population level.
{"title":"Variation in degree of intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of <scp><i>Bunium persicum</i></scp> (Apiaceae)","authors":"Ebrahim Mohammadianfar, Farshid Ghaderi‐Far, Benjamin Torabi, Asieh Siahmarguee, Mehdi Behroj, Carol Baskin, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12436","url":null,"abstract":"Bunium persicum is an important medicinal plant, but the requirements for seed dormancy break and germination are not well known. Based on available information, we hypothesized that seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and physiological dormancy (PD), and hence morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and that populations of this species may have different degrees of MPD which demand different germination requirements. In this study, we evaluated embryo growth in seeds from four B. persicum populations at different temperatures and tested germination at varying constant temperatures, with or without GA3 and cold stratification. Seeds from the four populations had a fully differentiated, small, linear but underdeveloped embryo. The initial embryo‐to‐seed length ratio was 0.14–0.17, but it increased to 0.71–0.75 before germination at 5°C. Little embryo growth occurred at 15°C and no growth occurred at 25°C. GA3 effectively increased germination percentages, replaced cold stratification, reduced the required period for cold stratification, and in combination with cold stratification increased the maximum temperature of germination. Therefore, seeds from the four populations have intermediate complex MPD. Additionally, the germination responses of seeds from the four populations to GA3, cold stratification, or both were different, suggesting variation in the degree of PD. Bunium persicum seeds developed in cool and wet conditions were more dormant than those developed under warm and dry conditions. Thus, we showed that different climates can affect the depth of PD in a species whose seeds have MPD, resulting in variation in the degree of intermediate complex MPD at the population level.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Setaria viridis var. minor and Setaria × pycnocoma occur sympatrically in various places in Japan, despite their different morphological and mechanical traits. Morphological and mechanical analyses were performed to determine whether the putative hybrid S. × pycnocoma possessed the morphological and mechanical characteristics of its ancestral species, S. viridis var. minor and Setaria italica . Our results indicated that S. italica had the highest panicle weight and longest culm with the lowest culm mechanical strength and S. viridis var. minor had the lightest panicle weight and shortest culm with the highest culm mechanical strength. S . × pycnocoma had a wide range of culm strengths, including mechanical properties of both ancestral species, which suggested that the intermediate mechanical characteristics of this species had been gained by repeated introgression within themselves.
摘要:小狗尾草(Setaria viridis)和小狗尾草(Setaria x pycnocoma)虽然形态和机械性状不同，但在日本各地均有分布。通过形态学和力学分析，确定了推测的杂种S. x pycnocoma是否具有其祖先种S. viridis var. minor和Setaria italica的形态学和力学特征。结果表明，意大利葡萄的穗重最高，茎长最长，茎机械强度最低;绿葡萄的穗重最轻，茎短，茎机械强度最高。年代。该品种具有广泛的茎杆强度，包括两个祖先种的力学特性，这表明该物种的中间力学特性是通过自身内部的反复渗入而获得的。
{"title":"A comparison of mechanical characteristics among <scp><i>Setaria viridis</i></scp> var. <scp><i>minor</i></scp>, <scp><i>Setaria italica</i></scp>, and <i><scp>Setaria</scp> × <scp>pycnocoma</scp></i> species of the family Poaceae","authors":"Masayuki Shiba, Ryosuke Sato, Tatsuya Fukuda","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12435","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Setaria viridis var. minor and Setaria × pycnocoma occur sympatrically in various places in Japan, despite their different morphological and mechanical traits. Morphological and mechanical analyses were performed to determine whether the putative hybrid S. × pycnocoma possessed the morphological and mechanical characteristics of its ancestral species, S. viridis var. minor and Setaria italica . Our results indicated that S. italica had the highest panicle weight and longest culm with the lowest culm mechanical strength and S. viridis var. minor had the lightest panicle weight and shortest culm with the highest culm mechanical strength. S . × pycnocoma had a wide range of culm strengths, including mechanical properties of both ancestral species, which suggested that the intermediate mechanical characteristics of this species had been gained by repeated introgression within themselves.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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