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Comparison of prey fauna in tropical red traps versus temperate whitish traps in carnivorous Drosera indica complex (Droseraceae) 热带红色诱捕器与温带白色诱捕器中食肉 Drosera indica 复合物(Droseraceae)猎物动物群的比较
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12451
Kazuki Tagawa, Tomoki Sando, Masao Aoki, Mikio Watanabe
Certain carnivorous plant species display geographical variation in trap coloration, which may impact interactions with prey. Our study focused on Drosera indica (Droseraceae) in tropical Thailand and its phylogenetically related species Drosera toyoakensis in temperate Japan. Drosera indica in Thailand has green leaf blades with red tentacles when flowering, making the entire trap appear red. In contrast, D. toyoakensis in Japan has green leaf blades with green-white tentacles when flowering, and the entire trap appears white. Field observations revealed statistically significant differences in taxa and size of prey caught by D. indica and D. toyoakensis. Both species caught small flies, but D. toyoakensis additionally caught larger flies and butterflies, including pollinators. These differences in prey composition may reflect differences in trap coloration that evolved under different selection pressures for capturing prey. However, trap coloration and prey assemblages were influenced by various factors, and further research is required to elucidate their evolutionary significance.
某些食肉植物物种的诱捕器着色存在地理差异,这可能会影响它们与猎物的相互作用。我们的研究重点是泰国热带地区的 Drosera indica(Droseraceae)及其系统发育相关的日本温带物种 Drosera toyoakensis。泰国的 Drosera indica 在开花时叶片为绿色,触角为红色,使整个诱捕器呈现红色。相比之下,日本的 D. toyoakensis 花期时叶片为绿色,触角为绿白色,整个诱捕器呈现白色。实地观察发现,D. indica 和 D. toyoakensis捕获的猎物在分类群和大小上有显著的统计学差异。这两个物种都捕捉到了小苍蝇,但 D. toyoakensis 还捕捉到了较大的苍蝇和蝴蝶,包括传粉昆虫。猎物组成的这些差异可能反映了捕虫笼颜色的差异,这种差异是在捕捉猎物的不同选择压力下进化而来的。然而,诱捕器的颜色和猎物组合受到各种因素的影响,需要进一步的研究来阐明它们的进化意义。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of reduced water availability on vegetative and reproductive traits of a Solanum species 水分供应减少对茄科植物植株和生殖特性的影响
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12452
Diana Michael, Besufekad Wolde, Shivani Krishna
While drought is known to affect crop yields negatively, there is limited knowledge of the strategies used by animal‐pollinated plants to cope with such conditions. In this study, we simulated low and moderate drought conditions in a greenhouse experiment and examined the vegetative and reproductive traits of a buzz‐pollinated species (Solanum lycopersicum). Our findings indicate that individuals exposed to both drought conditions decreased in height and bore fewer leaves but increased in the ratio of root length to dry mass. The number of flowers produced per day and the overall flower production were higher in plants under control conditions. We found no differences in the onset of flowering between the treatments, but the plants exposed to low drought showed peak flowering earlier. Among the morphometric traits, flower height, floral diameter, petal length, and petal width were significantly lower in both drought conditions. Individuals in the moderate‐drought treatment displayed greater variation in reproductive traits than those in the low‐drought treatment. Overall, drought stress negatively impacted the aboveground vegetative growth and the reproductive efforts of plants.
众所周知,干旱会对作物产量产生负面影响,但人们对动物授粉植物应对干旱的策略了解有限。在本研究中,我们在温室实验中模拟了低度和中度干旱条件,并考察了嗡嗡授粉物种(番茄茄属植物)的植株和生殖性状。我们的研究结果表明,暴露在这两种干旱条件下的个体高度降低,叶片减少,但根长与干重的比率增加。对照条件下的植株每天生产的花朵数量和总体花朵产量更高。我们发现,不同处理之间的始花期没有差异,但受低度干旱影响的植株开花高峰期较早。在形态特征中,花高、花朵直径、花瓣长度和花瓣宽度在两种干旱条件下都明显较低。中度干旱处理中的个体比低度干旱处理中的个体在生殖性状上表现出更大的差异。总体而言,干旱胁迫对植物的地上部植株生长和生殖能力产生了负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Intraspecific genetic divergence of the subalpine shrubby variety Quercus crispula var. horikawae from the mountain tree variety Q. crispula var. crispula in Japan 日本亚高山灌木变种柞树(Quercus crispula var. horikawae)与山地乔木变种柞树(Q. crispula var. crispula)的种内遗传差异
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12447
Lerma San Jose-Maldia, Asako Matsumoto, Teruyoshi Nagamitsu, Saneyoshi Ueno, Yoshihiko Tsumura
Ecotypic divergence in tree taxa often occurs in subalpine habitats, where environmental conditions are more stressful than those in lower elevations. In the white oak species in Japan Quercus crispula, the subalpine shrubby variety Q. crispula var. horikawae (Qch) has been recognized in central and northern Honshu. Although Qch has different phenotypes from Q. crispula var. crispula (Qcc), genetic divergence between Qcc and Qch has not been examined yet. Pairs of Qcc and Qch populations in eight locations and additional Qcc and Qch populations around these locations were investigated. Leaf size of Qch was smaller than that of Qcc. Chloroplast DNA haplotypes were shared between the Qcc and Qch populations. In genotypes at 29 nuclear microsatellite loci, genetic diversity did not differ between the Qcc and Qch populations. Principal component analysis and a neighbor-joining tree of populations based on the genotypes demonstrated that 13 Qcc populations and eight Qch populations were grouped separately, except for three Qch populations that were grouped to Qcc. Climatic conditions in the eight Qch populations were characterized by lower temperature and heavier snowfall than those in the 16 populations of the genetic group of Qcc. These results suggest genetic divergence between Qcc and Qch associated with subalpine climatic conditions, irrespective of leaf size. The origin of the subalpine Qch lineage and the history of ecotypic divergence should be investigated in future genomic studies.
树木类群的生态型分化通常发生在亚高山栖息地,那里的环境条件比海拔较低的地方更为恶劣。在日本的白栎树种 Qercus crispula 中,亚高山灌木变种 Q. crispula var. horikawae(Qch)已在本州中部和北部得到确认。虽然 Qch 与 Q. crispula var. crispula(Qcc)的表型不同,但尚未研究 Qcc 与 Qch 之间的遗传分化。研究人员对八个地点的 Qcc 和 Qch 种群配对以及这些地点周围的 Qcc 和 Qch 种群进行了调查。Qch 的叶片比 Qcc 小。Qcc 和 Qch 群体共享叶绿体 DNA 单倍型。在 29 个核微卫星位点的基因型中,Qcc 和 Qch 群体的遗传多样性没有差异。主成分分析和基于基因型的种群相邻连接树表明,除三个 Qch 种群归入 Qcc 外,13 个 Qcc 种群和 8 个 Qch 种群分别归为一组。与 Qcc 基因组的 16 个居群相比,8 个 Qch 居群的气候条件具有温度低、降雪量大的特点。这些结果表明,Qcc 和 Qch 之间的遗传分化与亚高山气候条件有关,与叶片大小无关。亚高山Qch品系的起源和生态型分化的历史应在未来的基因组研究中加以研究。
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引用次数: 0
Autogamy ensures reproductive success in the bromeliad Dyckia dissitiflora Schult.f., endemic to the Brazilian caatinga domain 自交系确保巴西高原地区特有的凤梨科植物Dyckia dissitiflora Schult.f.的繁殖成功
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12448
Adelly Cardoso de Araujo Fagundes, Everton Hilo de Souza, Ligia Silveira Funch, I. C. Machado, José Alves de Siqueira‐Filho
The genus Dyckia (Bromeliaceae) is endemic to South America, and its species show important ecological roles in xeric environments. The flowering phenology as well as floral and reproductive biology were monitored monthly in Dyckia dissitiflora at two sites (Bela Vista: 11°42′03.4″ S 39°05′21.7″ W and Barra do Vento: 11°37′58.1″ S 39°03′33.7″ W) in the municipality of Serrinha, Bahia, Brazil. Flowering occurs in the early austral summer with a peculiar time of beginning of anthesis (10:00–11:00), offering resources 18 h after the first petal movements. Pollen viability was 98%, with a high production of pollen grains. Stigma receptivity is continuous from flower opening to senescence, and nectar production initiates at 04:00 and extends until 18:00. The species is self‐compatible and autogamous, but not agamospermic. Pollen tubes developed and reached the micropyle within 24 h in all of the reproductive tests. The hummingbird Chlorostilbon lucidus was the only floral visitor and pollinator (frequency = 0.82 ± 0.02). Fruiting occurs 3 days after anthesis, and the seeds are wind‐dispersed. Self‐compatibility and autogamy are essential strategies for the reproductive success of D. dissitiflora in light of the low number and visit frequency of its pollinators, and it is favored by slow floral movements and the position of the stigmas in relation to stamens.
Dyckia 属(凤梨科)是南美洲特有的植物,其物种在干旱环境中显示出重要的生态作用。在巴西巴伊亚州塞林哈市的两个地点(Bela Vista:南纬 11°42′03.4″,西经 39°05′21.7″;Barra do Vento:南纬 11°37′58.1″,西经 39°03′33.7″),每月对Dyckia dissitiflora的开花物候以及花和生殖生物学进行监测。花期在初夏,花期开始时间(10:00-11:00)很特别,在第一片花瓣运动 18 小时后才开始开花。花粉存活率为 98%,花粉粒产量高。柱头受精能力从花开放到衰老一直持续,花蜜生产从 4:00 开始,一直持续到 18:00。该物种自交和自花授粉,但没有雄花两性花。在所有繁殖试验中,花粉管都在 24 小时内发育并到达小花蕊。蜂鸟 Chlorostilbon lucidus 是唯一的访花者和授粉者(频率 = 0.82 ± 0.02)。花后 3 天结果,种子随风飘散。鉴于传粉昆虫的数量和访问频率较低,自交和自交是异株菊繁殖成功的基本策略,缓慢的花序运动和柱头与雄蕊的位置也有利于异株菊的繁殖。
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引用次数: 0
Autogamy ensures reproductive success in the bromeliad Dyckia dissitiflora Schult.f., endemic to the Brazilian caatinga domain 自交系确保巴西高原地区特有的凤梨科植物Dyckia dissitiflora Schult.f.的繁殖成功
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12448
Adelly Cardoso de Araujo Fagundes, Everton Hilo de Souza, Ligia Silveira Funch, I. C. Machado, José Alves de Siqueira‐Filho
The genus Dyckia (Bromeliaceae) is endemic to South America, and its species show important ecological roles in xeric environments. The flowering phenology as well as floral and reproductive biology were monitored monthly in Dyckia dissitiflora at two sites (Bela Vista: 11°42′03.4″ S 39°05′21.7″ W and Barra do Vento: 11°37′58.1″ S 39°03′33.7″ W) in the municipality of Serrinha, Bahia, Brazil. Flowering occurs in the early austral summer with a peculiar time of beginning of anthesis (10:00–11:00), offering resources 18 h after the first petal movements. Pollen viability was 98%, with a high production of pollen grains. Stigma receptivity is continuous from flower opening to senescence, and nectar production initiates at 04:00 and extends until 18:00. The species is self‐compatible and autogamous, but not agamospermic. Pollen tubes developed and reached the micropyle within 24 h in all of the reproductive tests. The hummingbird Chlorostilbon lucidus was the only floral visitor and pollinator (frequency = 0.82 ± 0.02). Fruiting occurs 3 days after anthesis, and the seeds are wind‐dispersed. Self‐compatibility and autogamy are essential strategies for the reproductive success of D. dissitiflora in light of the low number and visit frequency of its pollinators, and it is favored by slow floral movements and the position of the stigmas in relation to stamens.
Dyckia 属(凤梨科)是南美洲特有的植物,其物种在干旱环境中显示出重要的生态作用。在巴西巴伊亚州塞林哈市的两个地点(Bela Vista:南纬 11°42′03.4″,西经 39°05′21.7″;Barra do Vento:南纬 11°37′58.1″,西经 39°03′33.7″),每月对Dyckia dissitiflora的开花物候以及花和生殖生物学进行监测。花期在初夏,花期开始时间(10:00-11:00)很特别,在第一片花瓣运动 18 小时后才开始开花。花粉存活率为 98%,花粉粒产量高。柱头受精能力从花开放到衰老一直持续,花蜜生产从 4:00 开始,一直持续到 18:00。该物种自交和自花授粉,但没有雄花两性花。在所有繁殖试验中,花粉管都在 24 小时内发育并到达小花蕊。蜂鸟 Chlorostilbon lucidus 是唯一的访花者和授粉者(频率 = 0.82 ± 0.02)。花后 3 天结果,种子随风飘散。鉴于传粉昆虫的数量和访问频率较低,自交和自交是异株菊繁殖成功的基本策略,缓慢的花序运动和柱头与雄蕊的位置也有利于异株菊的繁殖。
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引用次数: 0
First report of vespicochory in Aristolochia shimadae Hayata (Aristolochiaceae) in Japan 日本首次报道岛田马兜铃(马兜铃科)中的吸虫现象
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12449
Kana Watanabe-Toma, Tetsuo Ohi-Toma
To assess vespicochory in Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae), we conducted preliminary observations of Aristolochia shimadae under cultivation and in its natural habitat. Two paper wasp species (Polistes spp.) were observed visiting freshly dehisced capsules of cultivated plants of A. shimadae. After removing the seed from the capsule and licking the juicy and sticky substance surrounding it, paper wasps bit off and carried away only a part of the raphe. This behavior suggests that the capsule, including the substance surrounding the seeds, is attractive to them, and the raphe is equivalent to an elaiosome. In our field observations of A. shimadae in a natural habitat, a wasp (Vespula shidai) carried away a seed after licking the juicy and sticky substance surrounding it. This observation of vespicochory is the first report on A. shimadae and the first on angiosperms in Japan.
为了评估马兜铃科(Aristolochiaceae)马兜铃属(Aristolochia)马兜铃属植物的吸浆传毒能力,我们对栽培中的马兜铃(Aristolochia shimadae)及其自然栖息地进行了初步观察。我们观察到两种纸蜂(Polistes spp.)从蒴果中取出种子并舔食其周围多汁的粘性物质后,纸蜂只咬下并带走了部分种皮。这种行为表明,蒴果(包括种子周围的物质)对它们有吸引力,而剑突就相当于elaiosome。我们在自然栖息地对 A. shimadae 进行实地观察时,一只黄蜂(Vespula shidai)在舔食了种子周围多汁的粘性物质后带走了一粒种子。这次观察到的巢茧寄生现象是关于 A. shimadae 的首次报道,也是日本被子植物的首次报道。
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引用次数: 0
Nectar robbers and simulated robbing differ in their effects on nectar microbial communities 抢花蜜者和模拟抢花蜜者对花蜜微生物群落的影响不同
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12446
Victoria J. Luizzi, Alison H. Harrington, Judith L. Bronstein, A. Elizabeth Arnold
Floral nectar contains microbes that can influence nectar chemistry and pollinator visitation, and these microbial communities can be affected by pollinators in turn. Some flowers are also visited by nectar robbers, which feed on nectar through holes cut in floral tissue. If nectar robbers alter nectar microbial communities, they might have unexpected impacts on pollinator visitation. We investigated whether robbing could affect nectar microbial communities directly, by introducing microbes, or indirectly, by triggering a plant response to floral damage. We applied four treatments to flowers of Tecoma × “Orange Jubilee” (Bignoniaceae) in an arboretum setting: flowers were (1) covered to exclude all visitors; (2) available to both pollinators and nectar robbers and robbed naturally by carpenter bees; (3) available to pollinators only but cut at the base to simulate nectar robbing damage; or (4) available to pollinators only. We found that nectar in flowers accessible to any visitors was more likely to contain culturable microbes than flowers from which visitors were excluded. Microbial community composition and beta diversity were similar across treatments. Among flowers containing culturable microbes, flowers available to pollinators and nectar robbers had higher microbial abundance than flowers with simulated robbing, but there were no differences between flowers available to pollinators and robbers and unwounded flowers from which robbers were excluded. Overall, our results suggest that floral damage can affect some features of nectar microbial communities, but specific effects of nectar robbing are limited compared with the influence of visitation in general.
花蜜中的微生物会影响花蜜的化学成分和传粉昆虫的造访,这些微生物群落也会反过来受到传粉昆虫的影响。有些花朵还会受到盗蜜者的光顾,它们通过在花朵组织上开孔取食花蜜。如果盗花者改变了花蜜微生物群落,它们可能会对传粉昆虫的造访产生意想不到的影响。我们研究了盗花是否会通过引入微生物直接影响花蜜微生物群落,或通过引发植物对花朵损伤的反应间接影响花蜜微生物群落。我们对植物园中的 Tecoma × "Orange Jubilee"(Bignoniaceae)花进行了四种处理:(1) 遮盖花朵,排除所有访客;(2) 同时供传粉昆虫和采蜜蜂采蜜,并由木匠蜂自然采蜜;(3) 仅供传粉昆虫采蜜,但在基部剪断,以模拟采蜜蜂的采蜜行为;或 (4) 仅供传粉昆虫采蜜。我们发现,任何访客都能采到花蜜的花朵比访客被排除在外的花朵更有可能含有可培养的微生物。不同处理的微生物群落组成和贝塔多样性相似。在含有可培养微生物的花朵中,授粉者和采蜜者可采到的花朵比模拟采蜜者可采到的花朵微生物丰度更高,但授粉者和采蜜者可采到的花朵与采蜜者被排除在外的未受伤花朵之间没有差异。总之,我们的研究结果表明,花朵损伤会影响花蜜微生物群落的某些特征,但与一般访花的影响相比,盗花的具体影响是有限的。
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引用次数: 0
Size-dependent clonal reproduction and sex allocation in the monoecious Begonia emeiensis 雌雄同株海棠的大小依赖性克隆繁殖和性别分配
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12445
Lei Wang, Bi-Xian Wu, Nan Xia, Hao Wang, Guo-Xing Cao
Size-dependent clonal and sexual reproduction has been studied in many species. However, very few attempts have investigated size-dependent resource allocation among clonal reproduction, female function, and male function within a species. Moreover, how clonal reproduction and sexual reproduction interact to influence size-dependent sex allocation has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the size dependency of clonal reproduction and sex allocation and how clonal reproduction and sexual reproduction interact to influence size-dependent female function, male function, and sex allocation in the monoecious Begonia emeiensis. Individuals with no reproduction, reproducing clonally through bulbils, reproducing sexually through flowers, and reproducing through both bulbils and flowers differed significantly from each other in terms of size (leaf area), suggesting a threshold size for clonal versus sexual reproduction. Bulbil number per individual increased with size regardless of flower production. In contrast, the relationship between size and female and male flower production per individual was influenced by bulbil production; both female and male flower numbers per individual increased with size at a slower rate for individuals reproducing clonally and sexually than for those reproducing only sexually. The ratio of female to male flowers per individual increased with size independent of bulbil production. Our study shows that the size dependency of clonal reproduction was unlikely to be influenced by sexual reproduction; however, the size dependency of female and male function was influenced by clonal reproduction.
许多物种的克隆生殖和有性生殖都存在体型依赖性。然而,很少有人尝试研究一个物种内克隆生殖、雌性功能和雄性功能之间与体型相关的资源分配。此外,克隆生殖和有性生殖是如何相互作用影响大小依赖性分配的,也没有进行过探讨。在这项研究中,我们研究了雌雄同株海棠(Begonia emeiensis)中克隆繁殖和性别分配的大小依赖性,以及克隆繁殖和有性繁殖如何相互作用影响雌性功能、雄性功能和性别分配的大小依赖性。无生殖、通过球茎进行克隆生殖、通过花进行有性生殖以及通过球茎和花进行生殖的个体之间在大小(叶面积)上存在显著差异,这表明克隆生殖和有性生殖存在阈值大小。无论是否开花,每个个体的球茎数量都随着大小的增加而增加。相反,个体大小与雌花和雄花产量之间的关系受到球茎产量的影响;个体雌花和雄花数量随着个体大小的增加而增加,但克隆和有性生殖个体的增加速度低于仅有性生殖个体。每个个体的雌花和雄花比例随着个体大小的增加而增加,与球茎花的产量无关。我们的研究表明,克隆生殖的大小依赖性不太可能受到有性生殖的影响;但是,雌性和雄性功能的大小依赖性受到克隆生殖的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropogenic and natural disturbances increase local genetic diversity in an early spring geophyte (Ficaria verna Huds) 人为和自然干扰增加了早春地肤植物(Ficaria verna Huds)的地方遗传多样性
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12444
Daniela Guicking, Sarah Keßler, Eliza Störmer, Maggie Bersch, Martin Duchoslav
The tetraploid Ficaria verna is a common spring geophyte in central Europe and is considered invasive in the USA and Canada. It is considered an almost seed-sterile taxon, relying on vegetative reproduction by underground tubers and aerial bulbils. Recent studies have revealed high levels of population genetic diversity in F. verna, raising the question of how genetic diversity is maintained and which factors may be responsible for the observed patterns. Polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers were established to define multi-locus genotypes (MLGs), to analyze fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) using grid and cross-sampling schemes, and to quantify genetic diversity within and between nine populations with different disturbance regimes in central Germany. In total, 115 MLGs were identified among a total of 347 samples. The G/N ratio varied between 0.16 and 0.70 among populations, and in each population several unique MLGs occurred. Genotypes were highly intermingled within populations, suggesting a “guerrilla” dispersal strategy. Significant SGS (negative regression slope of kinship coefficients against inter-individual distances) was found in four out of nine populations in fine-scale cross-sampling (up to 4 m) and in only one population in grid sampling (up to 14.6 m). No single MLG was found in more than one population, while many alleles were shared between populations. Within-population clonal and allelic diversity increased with greater exposure to both anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Regular gap openings, facilitated propagule establishment, and propagule dispersal by water and mowing machines are likely important factors explaining the positive effects of disturbance on local genetic diversity of F. verna.
四倍体Ficaria verna是中欧常见的春季地生植物,在美国和加拿大被认为是入侵物种。它被认为是一种几乎没有种子的类群,依靠地下块茎和气生球茎进行无性繁殖。最近的研究发现,F. verna 的种群遗传多样性水平很高,这就提出了一个问题:遗传多样性是如何维持的?该研究建立了多态核微卫星标记,以确定多焦点基因型(MLGs),利用网格和交叉取样方案分析精细尺度空间遗传结构(SGS),并对德国中部不同干扰机制下的九个种群内部和种群之间的遗传多样性进行量化。在总共 347 个样本中,共鉴定出 115 个多基因组。不同种群之间的 G/N 比值介于 0.16 和 0.70 之间,每个种群都有多个独特的多基因组。种群内的基因型高度混杂,表明存在 "游击 "传播策略。在9个种群中,有4个种群在精细交叉取样(最多4米)中发现了显著的SGS(亲缘关系系数与个体间距离的负回归斜率),只有1个种群在网格取样(最多14.6米)中发现了显著的SGS(亲缘关系系数与个体间距离的负回归斜率)。在一个以上的种群中没有发现单一的多基因组,而许多等位基因在种群之间是共享的。种群内的克隆和等位基因多样性随着人为和自然干扰的增加而增加。有规律的间隙开口、有利于繁殖体的建立以及水和割草机的繁殖体散播可能是干扰对F. verna当地遗传多样性产生积极影响的重要原因。
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引用次数: 0
Reproductive biology and pollination ecology of Ipomoea triloba L. (Convolvulaceae): An alien invasive species of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot 三叶苕(旋花科)的生殖生物学和授粉生态学:印度-缅甸生物多样性热点地区的外来入侵物种
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12443
Suman Paul, Bhushan B. Dholakia, Badal Kumar Datta
Ipomoea triloba L., an annual twining herb, is considered an alien invasive species and is distributed all around the globe including tropical Asia. It affects the yield of various economically important crops. Studies on floral phenology and reproductive biology are fundamental for the development of management strategies and the conservation of plants. Hence, we investigated the phenology, floral biology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollination mechanism, and reproductive success of I. triloba at two different locations in one of the global biodiversity hotspots. Floral anthesis was diurnal, starting at 6:30 a.m. and lasting until 7:00 a.m. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were found to coincide, thus suggesting the species was homogamous. The flowers were mostly visited and pollinated by sweat bees (Halictidae), blue-banded bees (Amegilla sp.), flies (Mesembrius sp.), and butterflies (Appias olferna, Pelopidas agna, and Zizina otis). Further, the pollinator visitation frequency showed a moderately positive correlation with the number of open flowers in both study populations. The plant produced fruits in the absence of pollinators in self-pollination treatments, indicating a self-compatible breeding system and dependency on insect pollination for reproductive success. Further, pollen supplementation significantly enhanced the fruit setting and mean seed per fruit at both study sites, suggesting pollen limitation. Additionally, pollen production and pollen/ovule ratio also indicated the facultative autogamous breeding system in I. triloba. Overall, these reproductive characteristics such as mixed mating systems and generalist insect visitation may allow the invasive I. triloba to establish new populations from low numbers of propagules.
三叶苕(Ipomoea triloba L.)是一种一年生缠绕草本植物,被认为是外来入侵物种,分布于全球各地,包括亚洲热带地区。它影响各种重要经济作物的产量。对花的物候学和生殖生物学的研究是制定管理策略和保护植物的基础。因此,我们在全球生物多样性热点地区之一的两个不同地点研究了三叶鸢尾的物候学、花生物学、花粉活力、柱头接受能力、授粉机制和繁殖成功率。花期是昼夜变化的,从上午 6:30 开始,一直持续到上午 7:00。花朵主要由汗蜂(Halictidae)、蓝带蜂(Amegilla sp.)、苍蝇(Mesembrius sp.)和蝴蝶(Appias olferna、Pelopidas agna 和 Zizina otis)访问和授粉。此外,在两个研究种群中,授粉昆虫的来访频率与开放花朵的数量呈中度正相关。在自花授粉处理中,该植物在没有传粉昆虫的情况下也能结出果实,这表明该植物具有自交繁殖系统,并依赖昆虫授粉获得繁殖成功。此外,在两个研究地点,补充花粉都能显著提高坐果率和平均单果种子数,这表明花粉具有限制作用。此外,花粉产量和花粉/胚珠比率也表明三叶青(I. triloba)的繁殖系统为越性自花授粉。总之,这些繁殖特征,如混合交配系统和通性昆虫来访,可能使入侵的三叶榕能以较少的繁殖体建立新的种群。
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Plant Species Biology
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