Marina Efigenia Gonçalves, Geane Cristina Eugenio Viegas, Nayara Magry Jesus Melo, João Paulo Souza
Abstract Climate change is among the main threats to ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. These changes are associated with increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]). This study aimed to investigate how [CO 2 ] influences chlorophyll a fluorescence, vegetative growth, biomass production, and the number of root nodules (NRN) of Dimorphandra wilsonii , a critically endangered species. The study was conducted in six open‐top chambers with two CO 2 levels, at elevated [CO 2 ] (eCO 2 , 717 ± 77 ppm) and at ambient [CO 2 ] (aCO 2 , 539 ± 42 ppm). We monitored vegetative growth weekly, and at the end of the experiment, we measured chlorophyll a fluorescence and biomass production. Dimorphandra wilsonii plants under eCO 2 showed higher ( p < 0.05) average leaf dry mass, average leaf area, and lower ( p < 0.05) root/shoot ratio than plants under aCO 2 . The greater aerial biomass allocation contributes to maximizing the photosynthesis performance but could also result in the self‐shading of old basal leaves by new distal leaves on branches. This adjustment could be advantageous in the competition for light; however, it would be a disadvantage for below‐ground resource competition (such as water and nutrients), which could result in decreased drought resistance. Also, this adjustment would be unfavorable to D. wilsonii , which occurs in a seasonal climate environment competing with invasive grasses. Thus, it is possible that climate change scenarios with increases in [CO 2 ] and drought periods could negatively influence the establishment of young plants of D. wilsonii in their natural occurrence area, which could worsen the conservation status of the species.
{"title":"The change in the biomass allocation to stems and leaves in young plants of <i>Dimorphandra wilsonii</i> under <scp>eCO<sub>2</sub></scp> may harm this endangered species in native areas","authors":"Marina Efigenia Gonçalves, Geane Cristina Eugenio Viegas, Nayara Magry Jesus Melo, João Paulo Souza","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12440","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is among the main threats to ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. These changes are associated with increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]). This study aimed to investigate how [CO 2 ] influences chlorophyll a fluorescence, vegetative growth, biomass production, and the number of root nodules (NRN) of Dimorphandra wilsonii , a critically endangered species. The study was conducted in six open‐top chambers with two CO 2 levels, at elevated [CO 2 ] (eCO 2 , 717 ± 77 ppm) and at ambient [CO 2 ] (aCO 2 , 539 ± 42 ppm). We monitored vegetative growth weekly, and at the end of the experiment, we measured chlorophyll a fluorescence and biomass production. Dimorphandra wilsonii plants under eCO 2 showed higher ( p < 0.05) average leaf dry mass, average leaf area, and lower ( p < 0.05) root/shoot ratio than plants under aCO 2 . The greater aerial biomass allocation contributes to maximizing the photosynthesis performance but could also result in the self‐shading of old basal leaves by new distal leaves on branches. This adjustment could be advantageous in the competition for light; however, it would be a disadvantage for below‐ground resource competition (such as water and nutrients), which could result in decreased drought resistance. Also, this adjustment would be unfavorable to D. wilsonii , which occurs in a seasonal climate environment competing with invasive grasses. Thus, it is possible that climate change scenarios with increases in [CO 2 ] and drought periods could negatively influence the establishment of young plants of D. wilsonii in their natural occurrence area, which could worsen the conservation status of the species.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135873763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant Species BiologyVolume 38, Issue 6 p. 332-332 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Acknowledgment First published: 07 November 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12438Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume38, Issue6November 2023Pages 332-332 RelatedInformation
{"title":"Acknowledgment","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12438","url":null,"abstract":"Plant Species BiologyVolume 38, Issue 6 p. 332-332 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Acknowledgment First published: 07 November 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12438Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume38, Issue6November 2023Pages 332-332 RelatedInformation","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135515148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We investigated the clonal competition of three co‐occurring dwarf bamboo species, Sasa borealis , Sasa nipponica , and Sasaella ramosa , for 32 years in an old‐growth beech forest in central Japan. A study plot (10 m × 24 m) was established to examine the culm dynamics of these species. Sasa borealis had a competitive advantage over the other species. It invaded the other bamboo populations at a rate of 0.84–0.89 m/y from 1988 to 2020, while S . nipponica invaded at a rate of 0.17 m/y until 2003. After that, S . nipponica started to retreat at a rate of 0.85 m/y along with the invasion of S . borealis until 2020. The invasion rate of S . borealis did not change before and after the competition with S . nipponica . Our results showed that it would take 13.9–14.8 years from S . borealis invasion for S . nipponica to disappear. The density of S . ramosa decreased but it did not disappear from the plot because it retreated at a slow rate of 0.08 m/y. Sasa borealis almost achieved its potential maximum culm density, but the other two bamboo species did not. If stable conditions were maintained, S . borealis would continue to invade, dominate, and eliminate the other bamboo species. The ecological traits of dwarf bamboo species, such as the maximum density, size, and longevity of culms, are good indicators for assessing their competitiveness. Our findings demonstrate that dwarf bamboo species are actually replaced by another bamboo species in the forest understory during a long period.
{"title":"Competitive ability of dwarf bamboo (<scp><i>Sasa borealis</i></scp>) through long‐term clonal growth in mixed dwarf bamboo communities in the understory of a temperate deciduous forest","authors":"Kaoru Niiyama, Mitsue Shibata, Tomoyuki Saitoh, Shoji Naoe","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12437","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated the clonal competition of three co‐occurring dwarf bamboo species, Sasa borealis , Sasa nipponica , and Sasaella ramosa , for 32 years in an old‐growth beech forest in central Japan. A study plot (10 m × 24 m) was established to examine the culm dynamics of these species. Sasa borealis had a competitive advantage over the other species. It invaded the other bamboo populations at a rate of 0.84–0.89 m/y from 1988 to 2020, while S . nipponica invaded at a rate of 0.17 m/y until 2003. After that, S . nipponica started to retreat at a rate of 0.85 m/y along with the invasion of S . borealis until 2020. The invasion rate of S . borealis did not change before and after the competition with S . nipponica . Our results showed that it would take 13.9–14.8 years from S . borealis invasion for S . nipponica to disappear. The density of S . ramosa decreased but it did not disappear from the plot because it retreated at a slow rate of 0.08 m/y. Sasa borealis almost achieved its potential maximum culm density, but the other two bamboo species did not. If stable conditions were maintained, S . borealis would continue to invade, dominate, and eliminate the other bamboo species. The ecological traits of dwarf bamboo species, such as the maximum density, size, and longevity of culms, are good indicators for assessing their competitiveness. Our findings demonstrate that dwarf bamboo species are actually replaced by another bamboo species in the forest understory during a long period.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebrahim Mohammadianfar, Farshid Ghaderi‐Far, Benjamin Torabi, Asieh Siahmarguee, Mehdi Behroj, Carol Baskin, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour
Bunium persicum is an important medicinal plant, but the requirements for seed dormancy break and germination are not well known. Based on available information, we hypothesized that seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and physiological dormancy (PD), and hence morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and that populations of this species may have different degrees of MPD which demand different germination requirements. In this study, we evaluated embryo growth in seeds from four B. persicum populations at different temperatures and tested germination at varying constant temperatures, with or without GA3 and cold stratification. Seeds from the four populations had a fully differentiated, small, linear but underdeveloped embryo. The initial embryo‐to‐seed length ratio was 0.14–0.17, but it increased to 0.71–0.75 before germination at 5°C. Little embryo growth occurred at 15°C and no growth occurred at 25°C. GA3 effectively increased germination percentages, replaced cold stratification, reduced the required period for cold stratification, and in combination with cold stratification increased the maximum temperature of germination. Therefore, seeds from the four populations have intermediate complex MPD. Additionally, the germination responses of seeds from the four populations to GA3, cold stratification, or both were different, suggesting variation in the degree of PD. Bunium persicum seeds developed in cool and wet conditions were more dormant than those developed under warm and dry conditions. Thus, we showed that different climates can affect the depth of PD in a species whose seeds have MPD, resulting in variation in the degree of intermediate complex MPD at the population level.
{"title":"Variation in degree of intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of <scp><i>Bunium persicum</i></scp> (Apiaceae)","authors":"Ebrahim Mohammadianfar, Farshid Ghaderi‐Far, Benjamin Torabi, Asieh Siahmarguee, Mehdi Behroj, Carol Baskin, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12436","url":null,"abstract":"Bunium persicum is an important medicinal plant, but the requirements for seed dormancy break and germination are not well known. Based on available information, we hypothesized that seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and physiological dormancy (PD), and hence morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and that populations of this species may have different degrees of MPD which demand different germination requirements. In this study, we evaluated embryo growth in seeds from four B. persicum populations at different temperatures and tested germination at varying constant temperatures, with or without GA3 and cold stratification. Seeds from the four populations had a fully differentiated, small, linear but underdeveloped embryo. The initial embryo‐to‐seed length ratio was 0.14–0.17, but it increased to 0.71–0.75 before germination at 5°C. Little embryo growth occurred at 15°C and no growth occurred at 25°C. GA3 effectively increased germination percentages, replaced cold stratification, reduced the required period for cold stratification, and in combination with cold stratification increased the maximum temperature of germination. Therefore, seeds from the four populations have intermediate complex MPD. Additionally, the germination responses of seeds from the four populations to GA3, cold stratification, or both were different, suggesting variation in the degree of PD. Bunium persicum seeds developed in cool and wet conditions were more dormant than those developed under warm and dry conditions. Thus, we showed that different climates can affect the depth of PD in a species whose seeds have MPD, resulting in variation in the degree of intermediate complex MPD at the population level.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Setaria viridis var. minor and Setaria × pycnocoma occur sympatrically in various places in Japan, despite their different morphological and mechanical traits. Morphological and mechanical analyses were performed to determine whether the putative hybrid S. × pycnocoma possessed the morphological and mechanical characteristics of its ancestral species, S. viridis var. minor and Setaria italica . Our results indicated that S. italica had the highest panicle weight and longest culm with the lowest culm mechanical strength and S. viridis var. minor had the lightest panicle weight and shortest culm with the highest culm mechanical strength. S . × pycnocoma had a wide range of culm strengths, including mechanical properties of both ancestral species, which suggested that the intermediate mechanical characteristics of this species had been gained by repeated introgression within themselves.
摘要:小狗尾草(Setaria viridis)和小狗尾草(Setaria x pycnocoma)虽然形态和机械性状不同，但在日本各地均有分布。通过形态学和力学分析，确定了推测的杂种S. x pycnocoma是否具有其祖先种S. viridis var. minor和Setaria italica的形态学和力学特征。结果表明，意大利葡萄的穗重最高，茎长最长，茎机械强度最低;绿葡萄的穗重最轻，茎短，茎机械强度最高。年代。该品种具有广泛的茎杆强度，包括两个祖先种的力学特性，这表明该物种的中间力学特性是通过自身内部的反复渗入而获得的。
{"title":"A comparison of mechanical characteristics among <scp><i>Setaria viridis</i></scp> var. <scp><i>minor</i></scp>, <scp><i>Setaria italica</i></scp>, and <i><scp>Setaria</scp> × <scp>pycnocoma</scp></i> species of the family Poaceae","authors":"Masayuki Shiba, Ryosuke Sato, Tatsuya Fukuda","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12435","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Setaria viridis var. minor and Setaria × pycnocoma occur sympatrically in various places in Japan, despite their different morphological and mechanical traits. Morphological and mechanical analyses were performed to determine whether the putative hybrid S. × pycnocoma possessed the morphological and mechanical characteristics of its ancestral species, S. viridis var. minor and Setaria italica . Our results indicated that S. italica had the highest panicle weight and longest culm with the lowest culm mechanical strength and S. viridis var. minor had the lightest panicle weight and shortest culm with the highest culm mechanical strength. S . × pycnocoma had a wide range of culm strengths, including mechanical properties of both ancestral species, which suggested that the intermediate mechanical characteristics of this species had been gained by repeated introgression within themselves.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Jiménez-Sierra, Erika Arroyo‐Pérez, M. L. Matias-Palafox, D. Jiménez, A. B. Solorio, Alejandra Quintanar-Isaías, María de los Ángeles González‐Adán, Benito Quesada
The saguaro is an endemic and emblematic columnar cactus of the Sonoran Desert that offers refuge and food to different species. Climate change and increased ultraviolet exposure are threatening this species. Although reports of an increase in “epidermal browning” in saguaro populations in the United States have been published, to the best of our knowledge, no studies of this or other types of damage to Mexican saguaro populations are available. The present research is the first report of its kind performed in a saguaro population in the El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve (Sonora, Mexico). Seven types of damage were evaluated and classified in saguaro stems: cactus cortical scaling (CCS = epidermal browning), girdling, shell, exposed root, eyelet, termite tubes, and topping cuts. In addition, an anatomical comparison of healthy and CCS‐damaged tissues is presented. Shell was the most frequent type of damage (91% of individuals), followed by CCS (73%). Girdling occurred mainly in small organisms. Shell, exposed root, eyelet, and termite tubes tended to occur more frequently in larger organisms, whereas CCS tended to be more evenly distributed among differently sized individuals. Of all individuals, 3.3% were undamaged, 89.2% were moderately damaged, and 7.5% were highly damaged. CCS damage causes differences in the composition of the tissues, as well as in stomata distribution, thus compromising the photosynthetic function of the stem. The snapshot of the state of the individuals provided in the present study highlights the need for longer‐term studies considering the long life cycle of the saguaro to develop conservation strategies.
仙人掌是索诺兰沙漠特有的象征性柱状仙人掌，为不同物种提供庇护和食物。气候变化和紫外线暴露的增加正在威胁着这个物种。尽管已经发表了关于美国仙人掌种群“表皮褐变”增加的报告，但据我们所知，还没有关于墨西哥仙人掌种群遭受这种或其他类型损害的研究。本研究是首次在El Pinacate和Gran Desierto de Altar生物圈保护区（墨西哥索诺拉）的仙人掌种群中进行此类研究。对仙人掌茎中的七种损伤类型进行了评估和分类：仙人掌皮层剥落（CCS = 表皮褐变）、环剥、外壳、露根、孔眼、白蚁管和顶部切口。此外，还对健康组织和CCS损伤组织进行了解剖学比较。贝壳是最常见的损伤类型（91%的个体），其次是CCS（73%）。围带现象主要发生在小生物体中。外壳、裸露的根部、眼孔和白蚁管往往更频繁地出现在较大的生物体中，而CCS往往更均匀地分布在不同大小的个体中。在所有个体中，3.3%未受损，89.2%中度受损，7.5%高度受损。CCS损伤导致组织组成和气孔分布的差异，从而损害茎的光合功能。本研究中提供的个体状态快照强调了考虑到仙人掌的长生命周期进行长期研究的必要性，以制定保护策略。
{"title":"Damage in a saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) population in the El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve, Sonora, Mexico","authors":"C. Jiménez-Sierra, Erika Arroyo‐Pérez, M. L. Matias-Palafox, D. Jiménez, A. B. Solorio, Alejandra Quintanar-Isaías, María de los Ángeles González‐Adán, Benito Quesada","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12434","url":null,"abstract":"The saguaro is an endemic and emblematic columnar cactus of the Sonoran Desert that offers refuge and food to different species. Climate change and increased ultraviolet exposure are threatening this species. Although reports of an increase in “epidermal browning” in saguaro populations in the United States have been published, to the best of our knowledge, no studies of this or other types of damage to Mexican saguaro populations are available. The present research is the first report of its kind performed in a saguaro population in the El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve (Sonora, Mexico). Seven types of damage were evaluated and classified in saguaro stems: cactus cortical scaling (CCS = epidermal browning), girdling, shell, exposed root, eyelet, termite tubes, and topping cuts. In addition, an anatomical comparison of healthy and CCS‐damaged tissues is presented. Shell was the most frequent type of damage (91% of individuals), followed by CCS (73%). Girdling occurred mainly in small organisms. Shell, exposed root, eyelet, and termite tubes tended to occur more frequently in larger organisms, whereas CCS tended to be more evenly distributed among differently sized individuals. Of all individuals, 3.3% were undamaged, 89.2% were moderately damaged, and 7.5% were highly damaged. CCS damage causes differences in the composition of the tissues, as well as in stomata distribution, thus compromising the photosynthetic function of the stem. The snapshot of the state of the individuals provided in the present study highlights the need for longer‐term studies considering the long life cycle of the saguaro to develop conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46516899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mira, L. Veiga-Barbosa, J. Martínez-Laborde, F. Pérez‐García, M. E. González-Benito
Plantago albicans L. (Plantaginaceae) grows in wastelands, slopes, and stony pastures, with dry and sun‐exposed soils. Its seeds produce a mucilaginous coat. The main aim of this study was to evaluate intraspecific variation of osmotic and salinity stress response and mucilage production in P. albicans seeds. The relationships between osmotic and salinity stress, germination characteristics, and mucilage expansion were studied in eight populations of P. albicans. Seeds were germinated in distilled water, 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), or 100 mM NaCl solutions. In most populations, PEG and NaCl reduced final germination. Also, germination was slowed more significantly under osmotic stress than under salinity, while mucilage expansion was more affected by salinity. Therefore, there was an inverse correlation between mucilage expansion and germination under salinity and osmotic stress. Seed populations with similar climatic parameters showed different germination response; however, a correlation was found between mucilage expansion and some climatic parameters. Seeds from drier habitats germinated faster under water stress and produced more mucilage under control and water stress than populations from more humid areas.
白色车前草（车前草科）生长在荒地、斜坡和多石的牧场上，土壤干燥且暴露在阳光下。它的种子产生一层黏糊糊的外壳。本研究的主要目的是评估白色念珠菌种子的渗透和盐度胁迫反应以及粘液产生的种内变异。研究了8个白色念珠菌种群的渗透胁迫和盐度胁迫、发芽特性和粘液膨胀之间的关系。种子在蒸馏水、20%（w/v）聚乙二醇6000（PEG）或100 mM NaCl溶液。在大多数群体中，PEG和NaCl降低了最终发芽率。此外，在渗透胁迫下比在盐度下发芽更显著，而粘液膨胀更受盐度的影响。因此，在盐度和渗透胁迫下，粘液膨胀与发芽呈负相关。气候参数相似的种子群体表现出不同的发芽反应；然而，发现粘液膨胀与一些气候参数之间存在相关性。与来自更潮湿地区的种群相比，来自更干燥栖息地的种子在水分胁迫下发芽更快，在控制和水分胁迫下产生更多的粘液。
{"title":"Effect of osmotic stress and salinity on germination and mucilage expansion of seeds of Plantago albicans L. (Plantaginaceae): Inter‐population variation","authors":"S. Mira, L. Veiga-Barbosa, J. Martínez-Laborde, F. Pérez‐García, M. E. González-Benito","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12430","url":null,"abstract":"Plantago albicans L. (Plantaginaceae) grows in wastelands, slopes, and stony pastures, with dry and sun‐exposed soils. Its seeds produce a mucilaginous coat. The main aim of this study was to evaluate intraspecific variation of osmotic and salinity stress response and mucilage production in P. albicans seeds. The relationships between osmotic and salinity stress, germination characteristics, and mucilage expansion were studied in eight populations of P. albicans. Seeds were germinated in distilled water, 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), or 100 mM NaCl solutions. In most populations, PEG and NaCl reduced final germination. Also, germination was slowed more significantly under osmotic stress than under salinity, while mucilage expansion was more affected by salinity. Therefore, there was an inverse correlation between mucilage expansion and germination under salinity and osmotic stress. Seed populations with similar climatic parameters showed different germination response; however, a correlation was found between mucilage expansion and some climatic parameters. Seeds from drier habitats germinated faster under water stress and produced more mucilage under control and water stress than populations from more humid areas.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41370815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The division of labor between florets responsible for reproduction and special functions occurs widely in condensed inflorescences. The capitulum of Albizia julibrissin consists of approximately 10–20 lateral flowers and usually one nectar‐secreting terminal flower; the two flower types are morphologically distinct, but the differences in reproductive function have not been revealed. To determine the differences in reproductive function between terminal and lateral flowers, we compared the ratio of terminal and lateral flowers at the flowering and young pod stages. Additionally, ovule number, stigma size, polyad size, and the ratio of flower abscission were compared between the two flower types. Significant differences were detected only in female fertility between the two flower types. At the flowering stage, 6.8% of flowers were terminal flowers, whereas at the young pod stage, all young fruits were obtained from lateral flowers. At the final stage of blooming, based on the generalized linear model analysis, the ratio of surviving terminal flowers was lower than that of the lateral flowers in a capitulum. These results suggest that the terminal flowers of A. julibrissin had female sterility or, at least, female fertility was lower than in lateral flowers. Therefore, it is necessary to reexamine some previous studies that assumed A. julibrissin to be andromonoecious with hermaphroditic terminal flowers and male lateral flowers. Further comparisons of the quality of ovules and polyads are necessary to clarify whether there is a division of labor between the terminal and lateral flowers in A. julibrissin.
{"title":"Differences in reproductive function between terminal and lateral flowers in the capitulum of Albizia julibrissin (Fabaceae) based on female fertility, ovule number, and pistil and polyad size","authors":"Leiko Mizusawa, Saori Kato, T. Kurosawa","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12431","url":null,"abstract":"The division of labor between florets responsible for reproduction and special functions occurs widely in condensed inflorescences. The capitulum of Albizia julibrissin consists of approximately 10–20 lateral flowers and usually one nectar‐secreting terminal flower; the two flower types are morphologically distinct, but the differences in reproductive function have not been revealed. To determine the differences in reproductive function between terminal and lateral flowers, we compared the ratio of terminal and lateral flowers at the flowering and young pod stages. Additionally, ovule number, stigma size, polyad size, and the ratio of flower abscission were compared between the two flower types. Significant differences were detected only in female fertility between the two flower types. At the flowering stage, 6.8% of flowers were terminal flowers, whereas at the young pod stage, all young fruits were obtained from lateral flowers. At the final stage of blooming, based on the generalized linear model analysis, the ratio of surviving terminal flowers was lower than that of the lateral flowers in a capitulum. These results suggest that the terminal flowers of A. julibrissin had female sterility or, at least, female fertility was lower than in lateral flowers. Therefore, it is necessary to reexamine some previous studies that assumed A. julibrissin to be andromonoecious with hermaphroditic terminal flowers and male lateral flowers. Further comparisons of the quality of ovules and polyads are necessary to clarify whether there is a division of labor between the terminal and lateral flowers in A. julibrissin.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48680387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kento Rammitsu, Nao Yamamoto, R. Chamara, Mutsumi Minobe, Akihiko Kinoshita, Nobuhiko Kotaka, Y. Ogura‐Tsujita
Vanda falcata is an epiphytic orchid native to East Asia with high horticultural and ornamental value. However, its wild populations are at risk of extinction due to overcollection and habitat loss. Orchids are highly dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for their nutrient acquisition from seed germination to adulthood; therefore, understanding their mycorrhizal associations throughout the life cycle is essential for their conservation. We investigated the mycorrhizal fungi of adult V. falcata plants through the molecular identification of root samples from 40 individual plants from 13 sites, covering a distance of 1200 km across Japan. To identify the fungi that promote V. falcata seed germination, we performed seed germination tests in vitro with fungal isolates from V. falcata and other epiphytic orchids. In adult plants, we detected a total of 11 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within two fungal families, Ceratobasidiaceae and Tulasnellaceae, and a single Tulasnellaceae OTU (TU11) was found in samples from 12 sites. However, Vanda falcata seed germination and early development were induced in vitro by Ceratobasidiaceae fungi rather than Tulasnellaceae fungi, including TU11. These results suggest that different mycorrhizal fungi may be predominantly associated with V. falcata in the adult and seed germination stages. This mycorrhizal switching suggests that effective mycorrhizal fungi for conservation may differ between the adult and juvenile stages, even within a single orchid species. Our findings clarify the mycorrhizal associations of endangered epiphytic orchid species and could improve conservation efforts for these rare plants.
{"title":"The epiphytic orchid Vanda falcata is predominantly associated with a single Tulasnellaceae fungus in adulthood, and Ceratobasidiaceae fungi strongly induce its seed germination in vitro","authors":"Kento Rammitsu, Nao Yamamoto, R. Chamara, Mutsumi Minobe, Akihiko Kinoshita, Nobuhiko Kotaka, Y. Ogura‐Tsujita","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12432","url":null,"abstract":"Vanda falcata is an epiphytic orchid native to East Asia with high horticultural and ornamental value. However, its wild populations are at risk of extinction due to overcollection and habitat loss. Orchids are highly dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for their nutrient acquisition from seed germination to adulthood; therefore, understanding their mycorrhizal associations throughout the life cycle is essential for their conservation. We investigated the mycorrhizal fungi of adult V. falcata plants through the molecular identification of root samples from 40 individual plants from 13 sites, covering a distance of 1200 km across Japan. To identify the fungi that promote V. falcata seed germination, we performed seed germination tests in vitro with fungal isolates from V. falcata and other epiphytic orchids. In adult plants, we detected a total of 11 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within two fungal families, Ceratobasidiaceae and Tulasnellaceae, and a single Tulasnellaceae OTU (TU11) was found in samples from 12 sites. However, Vanda falcata seed germination and early development were induced in vitro by Ceratobasidiaceae fungi rather than Tulasnellaceae fungi, including TU11. These results suggest that different mycorrhizal fungi may be predominantly associated with V. falcata in the adult and seed germination stages. This mycorrhizal switching suggests that effective mycorrhizal fungi for conservation may differ between the adult and juvenile stages, even within a single orchid species. Our findings clarify the mycorrhizal associations of endangered epiphytic orchid species and could improve conservation efforts for these rare plants.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45232365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Floral hairs of Tradescantia fluminensis (Commelinaceae) manipulate behavior of hoverflies for effective pollination","authors":"Kazuki Tagawa","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12429","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46250059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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