Ilaria Panero, Federico Fiorentino, Dario La Montagna, Giulia Crocenzi, Fabio Attorre, Giuseppe Fabrini
Invasive species are a worldwide problem, and the germination process is useful to understand the characteristics that allow alien species to be invasive and their projected response to global climate change. Phytolacca americana is one of the most invasive plants in Italy, and we tested, for different populations (from different altitudes) how light, temperature, and cold stratification affect seed germination. According to our analyses, P. americana produces an exceptionally high number of seeds that may potentially survive in soil for extended periods. Seeds subjected to cold stratification and exposed to warmer temperatures, both in light and darkness, exhibited faster germination, with a higher germination rate and a shorter T50. Seeds collected at the highest elevation (337 m a.s.l.) have germinated in all tested thermal conditions, albeit with a lower germination percentage and a longer T50 compared with seeds collected at lower elevations (5 and 50 m a.s.l.) and tested under warm and moderate temperatures. In general, P. americana seems to adapt to moderate‐warm temperatures (at low elevations) and moderate‐cool temperatures (at highest elevations) and appears to increase germination with seeds exposed to cold stratification. These results, in a scenario of climate change, show that the invasiveness of P. americana may increase in the future.
外来物种入侵是一个世界性问题，萌芽过程有助于了解外来物种的入侵特征及其对全球气候变化的预期反应。美洲金雀花是意大利最具入侵性的植物之一，我们测试了不同种群（来自不同海拔地区）的光照、温度和低温分层对种子萌发的影响。根据我们的分析，P. americana 产生的种子数量特别多，有可能在土壤中存活很长时间。经过低温层积和暴露在较高温度下的种子，无论在光照还是黑暗条件下，都能更快地萌发，萌发率更高，T50更短。在最高海拔（海拔 337 米）采集的种子在所有测试的温度条件下都能发芽，但与在较低海拔（海拔 5 米和 50 米）采集并在温暖和中等温度条件下测试的种子相比，发芽率较低，T50 较长。总的来说，美国鹅掌楸似乎能适应中温（在低海拔地区）和中低温（在最高海拔地区），并能提高暴露于低温层的种子的发芽率。这些结果表明，在气候变化的情况下，美洲鹅掌楸的入侵性在未来可能会增加。
{"title":"Germination ecology of Phytolacca americana L. in its invasive range","authors":"Ilaria Panero, Federico Fiorentino, Dario La Montagna, Giulia Crocenzi, Fabio Attorre, Giuseppe Fabrini","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12483","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species are a worldwide problem, and the germination process is useful to understand the characteristics that allow alien species to be invasive and their projected response to global climate change. <jats:italic>Phytolacca americana</jats:italic> is one of the most invasive plants in Italy, and we tested, for different populations (from different altitudes) how light, temperature, and cold stratification affect seed germination. According to our analyses, <jats:italic>P. americana</jats:italic> produces an exceptionally high number of seeds that may potentially survive in soil for extended periods. Seeds subjected to cold stratification and exposed to warmer temperatures, both in light and darkness, exhibited faster germination, with a higher germination rate and a shorter T50. Seeds collected at the highest elevation (337 m a.s.l.) have germinated in all tested thermal conditions, albeit with a lower germination percentage and a longer T50 compared with seeds collected at lower elevations (5 and 50 m a.s.l.) and tested under warm and moderate temperatures. In general, <jats:italic>P. americana</jats:italic> seems to adapt to moderate‐warm temperatures (at low elevations) and moderate‐cool temperatures (at highest elevations) and appears to increase germination with seeds exposed to cold stratification. These results, in a scenario of climate change, show that the invasiveness of <jats:italic>P. americana</jats:italic> may increase in the future.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Henrique dos Santos Ferreira, Maxwell da Rosa Oliveira, Evaldo Benedito de Souza, Camila Silveira Souza, Maria Rosângela Sigrist, Arnildo Pott, Geraldo Alves Damasceno Junior, Danilo Bandini Ribeiro, Letícia Couto Garcia
In tropical wetlands, in addition to flooding, fire also contributes to the structure of biodiversity across environmental gradients. In fire‐prone ecosystems, flower‐rich fire refuges can be maintained by a seasonal patch‐burning mosaic. Here, we evaluate how a set of floral traits that influence and are related to the pollination systems of tree and non‐tree species varies in response to spatial patterns of fire frequency in a landscape with floodable and flood‐free areas. We classified the sampled species according to flower size, color, shape, symmetry, floral resource, type of pollination units, flowering duration, and anthesis time and compared them between floodable and flood‐free areas with high, moderate, or low fire frequency. We analyzed the functional richness in response to landscape metrics related to spatial patterns of fire frequency. The composition of floral traits of non‐tree species was stable, while tree species differed among fire frequency classes, especially in floodable areas. Many floral traits of tree species are ecological indicators, especially in floodable areas with high fire frequency. In contrast, among non‐tree species, only floral tissues as resources for pollinator were related to flood‐free areas with moderate/high fire frequency. The floral functional richness of the tree species positively linked with the modified Simpson diversity index, and for both trees and non‐trees, it negatively associated with the homogenization of the fire frequency (e.g., connectance based on probability that two adjacent sites belong to the same fire frequency class was negatively related to the functional richness of floral traits). These results demonstrate that homogenization of fire frequency in the landscape decreases the functional richness. Patches with different combinations of fire frequency and flood regime can support a shared set of floral traits besides those specifically related to a particular regime. The spatial heterogeneity of fire and flood patterns in wetlands needs to be preserved to support a higher diversity of pollination systems mediated by functional complementarity between the flowers of the tree and non‐tree species.
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity of fire and flooding patterns can support higher diversity of floral functional traits in an indigenous‐managed landscape","authors":"Bruno Henrique dos Santos Ferreira, Maxwell da Rosa Oliveira, Evaldo Benedito de Souza, Camila Silveira Souza, Maria Rosângela Sigrist, Arnildo Pott, Geraldo Alves Damasceno Junior, Danilo Bandini Ribeiro, Letícia Couto Garcia","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12480","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical wetlands, in addition to flooding, fire also contributes to the structure of biodiversity across environmental gradients. In fire‐prone ecosystems, flower‐rich fire refuges can be maintained by a seasonal patch‐burning mosaic. Here, we evaluate how a set of floral traits that influence and are related to the pollination systems of tree and non‐tree species varies in response to spatial patterns of fire frequency in a landscape with floodable and flood‐free areas. We classified the sampled species according to flower size, color, shape, symmetry, floral resource, type of pollination units, flowering duration, and anthesis time and compared them between floodable and flood‐free areas with high, moderate, or low fire frequency. We analyzed the functional richness in response to landscape metrics related to spatial patterns of fire frequency. The composition of floral traits of non‐tree species was stable, while tree species differed among fire frequency classes, especially in floodable areas. Many floral traits of tree species are ecological indicators, especially in floodable areas with high fire frequency. In contrast, among non‐tree species, only floral tissues as resources for pollinator were related to flood‐free areas with moderate/high fire frequency. The floral functional richness of the tree species positively linked with the modified Simpson diversity index, and for both trees and non‐trees, it negatively associated with the homogenization of the fire frequency (e.g., connectance based on probability that two adjacent sites belong to the same fire frequency class was negatively related to the functional richness of floral traits). These results demonstrate that homogenization of fire frequency in the landscape decreases the functional richness. Patches with different combinations of fire frequency and flood regime can support a shared set of floral traits besides those specifically related to a particular regime. The spatial heterogeneity of fire and flood patterns in wetlands needs to be preserved to support a higher diversity of pollination systems mediated by functional complementarity between the flowers of the tree and non‐tree species.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledging the dedication of Plant Species Biology's long‐time editorial board members","authors":"Takashi Miyake","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Hamid Reza Bagheri, Farshid Ghaderi‐Far, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour, Asieh Siahmarguee, Carol C. Baskin, Hossein Barani, Majid Azimmohseni
Defining the seed dormancy profile (SDP) of plant communities may provide insight into species adaptive mechanisms, community structure, and dynamics. Golestan National Park (GNP) in Iran consists of different types of vegetation, namely deciduous temperate forest, matorral, and steppe in close proximity but with variability of environmental factors. Plant species, life forms, and kinds of seed dormancy were determined in the three vegetation types, and a SDP of types was generated and compared with corresponding ones in the world database. In all GNP vegetation types, 80%–82% and 2%–3% of the species had dormant (D), and nondormant (ND) seeds, respectively, but in 17% the class of dormancy was unknown. Physiological dormancy (PD) was the most abundant followed by physical dormancy (PY). The species percentage with ND seeds in GNP was significantly two or three times lower than that in the world database. The PD percentage in the matorral was significantly higher than that in the world database. The PY percentage was higher in the forests but lower in the matorral and steppe compared with the world database. The morphophysiological (MPD) dormancy percentage was significantly lower in the forests but higher in the matorral and steppe than in the global database. Seed dormancy profiles were not affected by the proximity of vegetation types in the GNP, but they differed from those of the world database for each vegetation type. The past climatic fluctuations associated with the present‐day seasonality of the region might be the selective pressure for the increased percentage of species with D seeds in the GNP.
{"title":"The seed dormancy profile of three types of vegetation in Golestan National Park in Iran and a comparison with the world database","authors":"Seyed Hamid Reza Bagheri, Farshid Ghaderi‐Far, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour, Asieh Siahmarguee, Carol C. Baskin, Hossein Barani, Majid Azimmohseni","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12481","url":null,"abstract":"Defining the seed dormancy profile (SDP) of plant communities may provide insight into species adaptive mechanisms, community structure, and dynamics. Golestan National Park (GNP) in Iran consists of different types of vegetation, namely deciduous temperate forest, matorral, and steppe in close proximity but with variability of environmental factors. Plant species, life forms, and kinds of seed dormancy were determined in the three vegetation types, and a SDP of types was generated and compared with corresponding ones in the world database. In all GNP vegetation types, 80%–82% and 2%–3% of the species had dormant (D), and nondormant (ND) seeds, respectively, but in 17% the class of dormancy was unknown. Physiological dormancy (PD) was the most abundant followed by physical dormancy (PY). The species percentage with ND seeds in GNP was significantly two or three times lower than that in the world database. The PD percentage in the matorral was significantly higher than that in the world database. The PY percentage was higher in the forests but lower in the matorral and steppe compared with the world database. The morphophysiological (MPD) dormancy percentage was significantly lower in the forests but higher in the matorral and steppe than in the global database. Seed dormancy profiles were not affected by the proximity of vegetation types in the GNP, but they differed from those of the world database for each vegetation type. The past climatic fluctuations associated with the present‐day seasonality of the region might be the selective pressure for the increased percentage of species with D seeds in the GNP.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phylogeography of invasive exotic plant species is crucial for identifying the source population from which a given invading population has originated. Ardisia crenata Sims, a shade tolerant shrub native to East Asia, is one of the most serious invasive exotic plants in Florida, North America. The objective of this study is to investigate the genetic differentiation and phylogeographical relationships among A. crenata native populations in Japan and invasive populations in Florida. We analyzed DNA from 188 individuals gathered from eight populations in Japan and four subpopulations in Florida using double‐digestion restriction‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq) and estimated a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree among them. The results revealed four genetic clusters, with a striking dominance of genetically identical clonal individuals within the invading populations in Florida and four Honshu populations in Japan. These groups were genetically close to each other and to one cultivated individual sampled in Japan. In contrast, the individuals from Miyazaki, Yakushima, Kochi, and Iriomote in southwestern Japan were genetically distinct from Honshu and Florida individuals, showing high genetic diversity indicative of outcrossing. Given that A. crenata does not exhibit a vegetative clonal habit and all wild and cultivated plants regenerate from seeds, these results suggest that Honshu and Florida populations exclusively reproduced with seeds produced by apomixis.
外来入侵植物物种的系统地理学对于确定特定入侵种群的来源种群至关重要。Ardisia crenata Sims 是一种原产于东亚的耐阴灌木，是北美佛罗里达州最严重的外来入侵植物之一。本研究的目的是调查 A. crenata 在日本的原生种群与佛罗里达州入侵种群之间的遗传分化和系统地理学关系。我们使用双消化限制性相关 DNA 测序（ddRAD-seq）分析了从日本八个种群和佛罗里达四个亚种群收集的 188 个个体的 DNA，并估计了它们之间的最大似然系统发生树。结果显示，在佛罗里达州的入侵种群和日本本州的四个种群中，有四个基因群，其中基因相同的克隆个体占显著优势。这些群体在基因上相互接近，并与在日本采样的一个栽培个体接近。相比之下，来自日本西南部宫崎、屋久岛、高知和西表的个体在基因上与本州和佛罗里达的个体截然不同，显示出高度的遗传多样性，表明存在外交。鉴于 A. crenata 并不表现出无性繁殖的习性，而且所有野生和栽培植物都是从种子再生的，这些结果表明本州和佛罗里达的种群完全是通过无性繁殖产生的种子进行繁殖的。
{"title":"Phylogeography of apomictic and outcrossing individuals in invasive and native populations of Ardisia crenata (Primulaceae)","authors":"Wataru Noyori, Yuji Isagi, Naoto Nakamura, Shuichiro Tagane, Gerardo Celis, Kaoru Kitajima","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12482","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogeography of invasive exotic plant species is crucial for identifying the source population from which a given invading population has originated. <jats:italic>Ardisia crenata</jats:italic> Sims, a shade tolerant shrub native to East Asia, is one of the most serious invasive exotic plants in Florida, North America. The objective of this study is to investigate the genetic differentiation and phylogeographical relationships among <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>crenata</jats:italic> native populations in Japan and invasive populations in Florida. We analyzed DNA from 188 individuals gathered from eight populations in Japan and four subpopulations in Florida using double‐digestion restriction‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq) and estimated a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree among them. The results revealed four genetic clusters, with a striking dominance of genetically identical clonal individuals within the invading populations in Florida and four Honshu populations in Japan. These groups were genetically close to each other and to one cultivated individual sampled in Japan. In contrast, the individuals from Miyazaki, Yakushima, Kochi, and Iriomote in southwestern Japan were genetically distinct from Honshu and Florida individuals, showing high genetic diversity indicative of outcrossing. Given that <jats:italic>A. crenata</jats:italic> does not exhibit a vegetative clonal habit and all wild and cultivated plants regenerate from seeds, these results suggest that Honshu and Florida populations exclusively reproduced with seeds produced by apomixis.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayu Katafuchi, Satoshi Narita, Yoshiteru Komaki, Atsushi J. Nagano, Tomohisa Yukawa, Yoshihisa Suyama, Shun K. Hirota, Michimasa Yamasaki, Yuji Isagi
The Ogasawara Islands, isolated from the continent throughout their geological history, harbor abundant endemic species. However, 32% of the native plant species are on the Japanese Red List, signaling their endangered status. Among these endangered species, Calanthe hoshii stands out as highly susceptible to extinction. Two wild and 89 ex situ individuals were alive in 2020, but the last known wild individual died in October 2021, indicating this species may have become extinct in the wild. Despite the conservation efforts under the Act for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the lack of essential information regarding genetic diversity and population structure among the remaining individuals poses a significant obstacle to developing effective conservation measures. In this research, we conducted a genetic analysis of the wild and ex situ individuals, which revealed notably reduced genetic diversity between individuals, with individual heterozygosity levels (1.0 × 10−5) measuring one‐ninth of those observed within a closely related species Calanthe triplicata (1.5 × 10−4). Comprehensive genetic analysis revealed that C. hoshii consisted of three genetic clusters of different sizes: cluster 1 comprised 95% of the total population, while clusters 2 and 3, with few individuals, were only found in the ex situ populations at Koishikawa Botanical Garden. Since extant C. hoshii maintains a remarkably low genetic diversity at both individual and population levels, it is necessary to consider future management strategies, such as artificial breeding among different clades identified in this study, to safeguard the stability and resilience of this species.
{"title":"Comprehensive genetic analysis reveals the genetic structure and diversity of Calanthe hoshii (Orchidaceae), an endemic species of the Ogasawara Islands: Implications for appropriate conservation of a critically endangered species","authors":"Mayu Katafuchi, Satoshi Narita, Yoshiteru Komaki, Atsushi J. Nagano, Tomohisa Yukawa, Yoshihisa Suyama, Shun K. Hirota, Michimasa Yamasaki, Yuji Isagi","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12479","url":null,"abstract":"The Ogasawara Islands, isolated from the continent throughout their geological history, harbor abundant endemic species. However, 32% of the native plant species are on the Japanese Red List, signaling their endangered status. Among these endangered species, <jats:italic>Calanthe hoshii</jats:italic> stands out as highly susceptible to extinction. Two wild and 89 ex situ individuals were alive in 2020, but the last known wild individual died in October 2021, indicating this species may have become extinct in the wild. Despite the conservation efforts under the Act for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the lack of essential information regarding genetic diversity and population structure among the remaining individuals poses a significant obstacle to developing effective conservation measures. In this research, we conducted a genetic analysis of the wild and ex situ individuals, which revealed notably reduced genetic diversity between individuals, with individual heterozygosity levels (1.0 × 10<jats:sup>−5</jats:sup>) measuring one‐ninth of those observed within a closely related species <jats:italic>Calanthe triplicata</jats:italic> (1.5 × 10<jats:sup>−4</jats:sup>). Comprehensive genetic analysis revealed that <jats:italic>C. hoshii</jats:italic> consisted of three genetic clusters of different sizes: cluster 1 comprised 95% of the total population, while clusters 2 and 3, with few individuals, were only found in the ex situ populations at Koishikawa Botanical Garden. Since extant <jats:italic>C. hoshii</jats:italic> maintains a remarkably low genetic diversity at both individual and population levels, it is necessary to consider future management strategies, such as artificial breeding among different clades identified in this study, to safeguard the stability and resilience of this species.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clonal integration is an important ecological advantage of clonal plants. To ask whether clonal integration can help invasive plants escape space limitations, we tested the hypothesis that it can promote the growth of apical ramets when their connected basal ramets grow in limited space. We conducted a greenhouse experiment on the common perennial herb Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Clonal fragments consisting of pairs of connected ramets grew with basal ramets in three different sizes of pots (small, medium, and large) and apical ramets in large pots, and the connection between ramets was either severed or left intact. Pot size significantly affected the growth of basal ramets such that the biomass, number of leaves and flowers, and stolon length were in general greater in medium pots than in large and small pots when stolons were intact and were greater in medium and large pots than in small pots when stolons were severed. Furthermore, pot size interacted with severance to affect the performance of H. vulgaris. When the basal ramets grew in small pots, the intact stolon resulted in a significant promotion of apical ramet growth, but such positive effect was not found when the basal ramets grew in medium and large pots. Our results suggest that H. vulgaris is able to promote the growth of apical ramets to occupy the surrounding areas through clonal integration when the space where basal ramets grow is limited.
{"title":"Clonal integration facilitates the expansion of Hydrocotyle vulgaris from a limited space to a larger area","authors":"Bing‐Nan Zhao, Zhi‐Huan Chen, Zhi‐Hang Liu, Xue‐Ge He, Zi‐Qi Chen, Xin‐Yue Gu, Chao Si","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12478","url":null,"abstract":"Clonal integration is an important ecological advantage of clonal plants. To ask whether clonal integration can help invasive plants escape space limitations, we tested the hypothesis that it can promote the growth of apical ramets when their connected basal ramets grow in limited space. We conducted a greenhouse experiment on the common perennial herb <jats:italic>Hydrocotyle vulgaris</jats:italic>. Clonal fragments consisting of pairs of connected ramets grew with basal ramets in three different sizes of pots (small, medium, and large) and apical ramets in large pots, and the connection between ramets was either severed or left intact. Pot size significantly affected the growth of basal ramets such that the biomass, number of leaves and flowers, and stolon length were in general greater in medium pots than in large and small pots when stolons were intact and were greater in medium and large pots than in small pots when stolons were severed. Furthermore, pot size interacted with severance to affect the performance of <jats:italic>H. vulgaris.</jats:italic> When the basal ramets grew in small pots, the intact stolon resulted in a significant promotion of apical ramet growth, but such positive effect was not found when the basal ramets grew in medium and large pots. Our results suggest that <jats:italic>H. vulgaris</jats:italic> is able to promote the growth of apical ramets to occupy the surrounding areas through clonal integration when the space where basal ramets grow is limited.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Calonje, Alan W. Meerow, Jan Meerman, Javier Francisco‐Ortega, M. Patrick Griffith
We utilized 10 microsatellite loci to examine the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of Zamia decumbens Calonje, Meerman, M.P. Griff. & Hoese, an endangered cycad species occurring in small populations on karst topography within the Maya Mountains of Belize. Four populations in two distinct habitats were sampled: three inside dolines (one at a cave entrance and two at the bottom of sinkholes) and one on a rocky hilltop. Genetic variation in the species reflects the demographic history of the sampled populations which appears closely linked to the karstification of the limestone bedrock on which it occurs rather than being structured geographically or by habitat type. Contemporary gene flow between populations is low, with the cave population facilitating most of the genetic connectivity in the region as a source of migrants to other populations. Coalescent‐based modeling revealed that the two sinkhole populations were established first, and the hilltop and cave populations were more recently founded from a common ancestral population. All populations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and moderately heterozygous, yet signatures for recent bottleneck events were recovered for the doline populations. Furthermore, a high inbreeding coefficient and high average pairwise relatedness were found for the hilltop population, the latter possibly the result of recent illegal harvesting activities.
{"title":"Population genetics of Zamia decumbens (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), an endangered cycad from the Maya Mountains of Belize","authors":"Michael Calonje, Alan W. Meerow, Jan Meerman, Javier Francisco‐Ortega, M. Patrick Griffith","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12473","url":null,"abstract":"We utilized 10 microsatellite loci to examine the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of <jats:italic>Zamia decumbens</jats:italic> Calonje, Meerman, M.P. Griff. & Hoese, an endangered cycad species occurring in small populations on karst topography within the Maya Mountains of Belize. Four populations in two distinct habitats were sampled: three inside dolines (one at a cave entrance and two at the bottom of sinkholes) and one on a rocky hilltop. Genetic variation in the species reflects the demographic history of the sampled populations which appears closely linked to the karstification of the limestone bedrock on which it occurs rather than being structured geographically or by habitat type. Contemporary gene flow between populations is low, with the cave population facilitating most of the genetic connectivity in the region as a source of migrants to other populations. Coalescent‐based modeling revealed that the two sinkhole populations were established first, and the hilltop and cave populations were more recently founded from a common ancestral population. All populations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and moderately heterozygous, yet signatures for recent bottleneck events were recovered for the doline populations. Furthermore, a high inbreeding coefficient and high average pairwise relatedness were found for the hilltop population, the latter possibly the result of recent illegal harvesting activities.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nagamitsu, Kentaro Uchiyama, A. Izuno, Hajime Shimizu
Adaptive introgression, which can provide genetic diversity resulting in the expansion to novel habitats and the creation of different ecotypes, has been proposed in oaks (genus Quercus). In northern Japan, Quercus mongolica var. crispula (Qc) is common in inland habitats, and Quercus dentata (Qd) occurs in coastal habitats. At the northern distributional limit of Qd, Quercus × angustilepidota (Qa), a hybrid taxon between Qc and Qd, occurs in coastal habitats. These taxa, Qc, Qa, and Qd, were transplanted to inland and coastal common gardens (sites). Genotypes at 27 495 loci, phenotypes of eight leaf and shoot traits, and the size of 30‐year‐old trees were measured for 224 individuals in both sites. Genotypic variation revealed a hybrid zone between Qc and Qd, including both northern‐edge Qd admixed with Qc and coastal Qa backcrossed to Qc. Phenotypes of Qa trees were intermediate between those of Qc and Qd trees. The size of Qa and Qd trees was smaller than that of Qc trees in the inland site but was larger in the coastal site, suggesting adaptation of Qa and Qd to coastal environment. Local ancestry was estimated from phased genotypes of admixed trees using reference genotypes of 47 Qc and 25 Qd trees, indicating heterogeneous ancestry along chromosomes. Admixture mapping of local ancestry detected loci significantly associated with a leaf trait, which were located in an introgressed genomic region with genes related to stress response. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the genetic basis of adaptive introgression resulting in Qd‐like phenotypes of Qa.
{"title":"Common‐garden study of introgression at loci associated with traits adaptive to coastal environment from Quercus dentata into Quercus mongolica var. crispula","authors":"T. Nagamitsu, Kentaro Uchiyama, A. Izuno, Hajime Shimizu","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12472","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive introgression, which can provide genetic diversity resulting in the expansion to novel habitats and the creation of different ecotypes, has been proposed in oaks (genus Quercus). In northern Japan, Quercus mongolica var. crispula (Qc) is common in inland habitats, and Quercus dentata (Qd) occurs in coastal habitats. At the northern distributional limit of Qd, Quercus × angustilepidota (Qa), a hybrid taxon between Qc and Qd, occurs in coastal habitats. These taxa, Qc, Qa, and Qd, were transplanted to inland and coastal common gardens (sites). Genotypes at 27 495 loci, phenotypes of eight leaf and shoot traits, and the size of 30‐year‐old trees were measured for 224 individuals in both sites. Genotypic variation revealed a hybrid zone between Qc and Qd, including both northern‐edge Qd admixed with Qc and coastal Qa backcrossed to Qc. Phenotypes of Qa trees were intermediate between those of Qc and Qd trees. The size of Qa and Qd trees was smaller than that of Qc trees in the inland site but was larger in the coastal site, suggesting adaptation of Qa and Qd to coastal environment. Local ancestry was estimated from phased genotypes of admixed trees using reference genotypes of 47 Qc and 25 Qd trees, indicating heterogeneous ancestry along chromosomes. Admixture mapping of local ancestry detected loci significantly associated with a leaf trait, which were located in an introgressed genomic region with genes related to stress response. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the genetic basis of adaptive introgression resulting in Qd‐like phenotypes of Qa.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karla Fabiola Yescas‐Romo, Corina Hayano‐Kanashiro, F. Molina-Freaner
The wild cotton, Gossypium turneri, is a rare and endemic species from the state of Sonora, Mexico, threatened by habitat destruction, tourism development, and buffelgrass invasion in the municipality of Guaymas. As a consequence, G. turneri is now classified as endangered under Mexican legislation. This study aimed to document several aspects of the reproductive biology of this wild cotton to suggest conservation plans. The flowers of G. turneri remain open for only 1 day. Throughout the day, the flowers are visited by a diverse group of insects, including bees and butterflies. Pollination treatments revealed that this species is self‐compatible, capable of autonomous self‐pollination, and showed mixed evidence of pollen limitation. Although the flowers exhibit herkogamy, curved styles were observed that make the stigma come into contact with anthers. These results indicate that autonomous self‐pollination is caused by style curvature. Fruit set values and seed production per fruit in open pollinated control flowers were low, suggesting that this species produces a small number of seeds. These results provide new insights into this rare species, indicating that the species has a mechanism that provides reproductive assurance under low pollinator visitation, allowing for its persistence. The collection of seeds from the remaining populations for germplasm banks and the maintenance of live plants in botanical gardens are proposed for the conservation of this rare species.
{"title":"Pollination biology of Gossypium turneri: Autonomous selfing provides reproductive assurance in an endangered wild cotton from Sonora, Mexico","authors":"Karla Fabiola Yescas‐Romo, Corina Hayano‐Kanashiro, F. Molina-Freaner","doi":"10.1111/1442-1984.12474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12474","url":null,"abstract":"The wild cotton, Gossypium turneri, is a rare and endemic species from the state of Sonora, Mexico, threatened by habitat destruction, tourism development, and buffelgrass invasion in the municipality of Guaymas. As a consequence, G. turneri is now classified as endangered under Mexican legislation. This study aimed to document several aspects of the reproductive biology of this wild cotton to suggest conservation plans. The flowers of G. turneri remain open for only 1 day. Throughout the day, the flowers are visited by a diverse group of insects, including bees and butterflies. Pollination treatments revealed that this species is self‐compatible, capable of autonomous self‐pollination, and showed mixed evidence of pollen limitation. Although the flowers exhibit herkogamy, curved styles were observed that make the stigma come into contact with anthers. These results indicate that autonomous self‐pollination is caused by style curvature. Fruit set values and seed production per fruit in open pollinated control flowers were low, suggesting that this species produces a small number of seeds. These results provide new insights into this rare species, indicating that the species has a mechanism that provides reproductive assurance under low pollinator visitation, allowing for its persistence. The collection of seeds from the remaining populations for germplasm banks and the maintenance of live plants in botanical gardens are proposed for the conservation of this rare species.","PeriodicalId":54601,"journal":{"name":"Plant Species Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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