Colic is a common reason for both veterinary consultation and death in horses and to help decision making in such cases recent data on the outcome of treatment and identification of prognostic indicators is important. Patient records of all horses with colic admitted to the internal medicine section of a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) between November 2012 and October 2013 were reviewed. Age, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) count and blood pH at admission, treatment and outcome were recorded. Results were compared to those obtained at the same institution during 2006-2007 and 1999-2000. During the present study period 867 horses were admitted and 311 (36%) of these were admitted for colic, 207/311 (67%) of these horses were treated medically, 67/311 (22%) surgically and 37/311 (12%) were euthanized on admission. The short-term survival, defined as discharge from the hospital, for surgically treated colic cases was 60%, while the survival for medically treated cases was 86%. When all colic cases were analysed together HR (P 1.5 mmol/L), heart rate (>60bpm), PCV (>42%), acidosis (pH<7.35) and small intestinal lesions were associated with increased odds of death. The number of horses admitted to the VTH was considerably lower during 2006-2007 compared to 1999-2000, but remained more or less constant from 2006-2007 until 2012-2013, as did the percentage of colic horses. The percentage of colic cases treated surgically has decreased slightly and the percentage of horses euthanized on admission increased slightly. Increased blood lactate concentration, heart rate, PCV, acidosis and small intestinal lesions were associated with increased risk of non-survival.
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of treatment of horses with colic over a period of 15 years","authors":"R. Boom, M. Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan","doi":"10.21836/PEM20180506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20180506","url":null,"abstract":"Colic is a common reason for both veterinary consultation and death in horses and to help decision making in such cases recent data on the outcome of treatment and identification of prognostic indicators is important. Patient records of all horses with colic admitted to the internal medicine section of a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) between November 2012 and October 2013 were reviewed. Age, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) count and blood pH at admission, treatment and outcome were recorded. Results were compared to those obtained at the same institution during 2006-2007 and 1999-2000. During the present study period 867 horses were admitted and 311 (36%) of these were admitted for colic, 207/311 (67%) of these horses were treated medically, 67/311 (22%) surgically and 37/311 (12%) were euthanized on admission. The short-term survival, defined as discharge from the hospital, for surgically treated colic cases was 60%, while the survival for medically treated cases was 86%. When all colic cases were analysed together HR (P 1.5 mmol/L), heart rate (>60bpm), PCV (>42%), acidosis (pH<7.35) and small intestinal lesions were associated with increased odds of death. The number of horses admitted to the VTH was considerably lower during 2006-2007 compared to 1999-2000, but remained more or less constant from 2006-2007 until 2012-2013, as did the percentage of colic horses. The percentage of colic cases treated surgically has decreased slightly and the percentage of horses euthanized on admission increased slightly. Increased blood lactate concentration, heart rate, PCV, acidosis and small intestinal lesions were associated with increased risk of non-survival.","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"34 1","pages":"447-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46933856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Headshaking is a threat to the welfare of affected horses. As seasonal headshaking may be triggered by allergic conditions, this clinical trial investigated whether the second-generation antihistamine cetirizine decreased headshaking. The objective was to assess the clinical effect of cetirizine versus placebo on seasonal headshaking. The hypothesis was that it would reduce headshaking by 50% in 50% of the horses. Thirty client-owned horses with seasonal headshaking were selected on the basis of information from the owner and a general clinical examination. In this crossover randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, horses were given cetirizine (0.4mg/kg twice daily PO for 7 days) or placebo (same number of tablets twice daily PO for 7 days) in a randomised order, with a washout period of 1 week in between. A 9-minute lunge protocol was recorded on video at the start and after both treatment weeks, and the number of headshakes in this 9-minute period was scored by two assessors in a blinded manner. Data of 29 horses were analysed. The number of headshakes decreased by more than 50% in 10 horses when they were given cetirizine and in 8 horses when they were given placebo. This difference was not significant (p=0.73). In a mixed linear model incorporating weather conditions no significant treatment effect was found either. In conclusion: no significant effect of cetirizine on seasonal headshaking was found in the group of horses included in this study.
{"title":"A randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of Ceterizine in horses affected by seasonal headshaking","authors":"A. Spierenburg, S. Mesu, C. Westermann","doi":"10.21836/PEM20180205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20180205","url":null,"abstract":"Headshaking is a threat to the welfare of affected horses. As seasonal headshaking may be triggered by allergic conditions, this clinical trial investigated whether the second-generation antihistamine cetirizine decreased headshaking. The objective was to assess the clinical effect of cetirizine versus placebo on seasonal headshaking. The hypothesis was that it would reduce headshaking by 50% in 50% of the horses. Thirty client-owned horses with seasonal headshaking were selected on the basis of information from the owner and a general clinical examination. In this crossover randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, horses were given cetirizine (0.4mg/kg twice daily PO for 7 days) or placebo (same number of tablets twice daily PO for 7 days) in a randomised order, with a washout period of 1 week in between. A 9-minute lunge protocol was recorded on video at the start and after both treatment weeks, and the number of headshakes in this 9-minute period was scored by two assessors in a blinded manner. Data of 29 horses were analysed. The number of headshakes decreased by more than 50% in 10 horses when they were given cetirizine and in 8 horses when they were given placebo. This difference was not significant (p=0.73). In a mixed linear model incorporating weather conditions no significant treatment effect was found either. In conclusion: no significant effect of cetirizine on seasonal headshaking was found in the group of horses included in this study.","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"34 1","pages":"135-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42394876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lyme Disease in the Horse – A current literature study considering methods of diagnosis and treatment, as well as preventive measures","authors":"B. Lehmann, R. Straubinger, H. Gehlen","doi":"10.21836/pem20170406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20170406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68457519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the literature, Borrelia spp. have repeatedly been mentioned as a causative agent for uveitis in horses. As there are only few descriptions of diagnosed or assumed cases of Borrelia associated uveitis, and as in these cases an uncommon clinical course of the uveitis and severe systemical illness have been described, some doubts arose from these observations as to how important Borrelia infections are for the development of the recurrent uveitis in horses. Additionally, some studies could not detect any correlation between uveitis and Borrelia infection. This paper aimed at the evaluation of a possible association between Borrelia infections of equine eyes by examination of intraocular fluids from equine eyes suffering from typical clinical signs of recurrent uveitis. Samples from 105 eyes (from 88 horses) showing typical ERU by history and ophthalmologic examination were tested by real time PCR for Borrelia flagellin gene. These samples were also tested by real time PCR for LipL32 of pathogen Leptospira spp.. From each eye at least one sample was examined, in some cases two samples (aqueous and vitreous) have been taken within a few days. Altogether, 118 samples from eyes suffering from ERU were taken and tested by PCR for Borrelia and pathogen Leptospira spp. Additionally, 103 samples from 98 eyes not showing typical ERU were examined the same way. Those eyes were either sound or showed other signs than ERU, or suffered from glaucoma. In none of the samples from ERU eyes as well as in none of the samples from sound eyes or eyes with other diseases, Borrelia DNA could be detected. However, in 83 of the 118 samples (70%) from eyes showing ERU, or 80 of the 105 tested eyes (76%) respectively, leptospiral DNA could be found. In the control group only 3 samples out of 103, or 3 eyes out of 98 respectively, leptospiral DNA was ascertained. As a result, there was no hint on Borrelia infection in any of the eyes, but there was strong evidence for leptospiral infection in 76% of the eyes suffering from ERU by using solely PCR. In eyes with other diseases than typical ERU only 3% showed leptospiral DNA in their intraocular fluids. These 3 eyes belonged to the group suffering from glaucoma. Due to the literature it can be concluded that severely diseased horses with septicaemia and "vasculitis" might develop severe uveitis. But this uveitis is not the common one with recurrent attacks and quiet intervals, but some kind of not responding to any therapy and leading to blindness very soon in some cases. If horses survive septicaemia, uveitis will probably stop and show no further bouts. This is at least what is known from foals with uveitis during Rhodococcus septicaemia. If vision can be preserved over the general disease, no further damage of the eyes is expected. In very severe uveitis cases which do not respond to any treatment, other infectious agents than leptospires have to be considered, e.g. Micronema deletrix or Borrelia spp. In eyes showing the
{"title":"Untersuchungen zur Beteiligung von Borrelien an der Ätiologie der equinen rezidivierenden Uveitis (ERU)","authors":"B. Wollanke, H. Gerhards, Sabrina Kaufmann","doi":"10.21836/PEM20170504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20170504","url":null,"abstract":"In the literature, Borrelia spp. have repeatedly been mentioned as a causative agent for uveitis in horses. As there are only few descriptions of diagnosed or assumed cases of Borrelia associated uveitis, and as in these cases an uncommon clinical course of the uveitis and severe systemical illness have been described, some doubts arose from these observations as to how important Borrelia infections are for the development of the recurrent uveitis in horses. Additionally, some studies could not detect any correlation between uveitis and Borrelia infection. This paper aimed at the evaluation of a possible association between Borrelia infections of equine eyes by examination of intraocular fluids from equine eyes suffering from typical clinical signs of recurrent uveitis. Samples from 105 eyes (from 88 horses) showing typical ERU by history and ophthalmologic examination were tested by real time PCR for Borrelia flagellin gene. These samples were also tested by real time PCR for LipL32 of pathogen Leptospira spp.. From each eye at least one sample was examined, in some cases two samples (aqueous and vitreous) have been taken within a few days. Altogether, 118 samples from eyes suffering from ERU were taken and tested by PCR for Borrelia and pathogen Leptospira spp. Additionally, 103 samples from 98 eyes not showing typical ERU were examined the same way. Those eyes were either sound or showed other signs than ERU, or suffered from glaucoma. In none of the samples from ERU eyes as well as in none of the samples from sound eyes or eyes with other diseases, Borrelia DNA could be detected. However, in 83 of the 118 samples (70%) from eyes showing ERU, or 80 of the 105 tested eyes (76%) respectively, leptospiral DNA could be found. In the control group only 3 samples out of 103, or 3 eyes out of 98 respectively, leptospiral DNA was ascertained. As a result, there was no hint on Borrelia infection in any of the eyes, but there was strong evidence for leptospiral infection in 76% of the eyes suffering from ERU by using solely PCR. In eyes with other diseases than typical ERU only 3% showed leptospiral DNA in their intraocular fluids. These 3 eyes belonged to the group suffering from glaucoma. Due to the literature it can be concluded that severely diseased horses with septicaemia and \"vasculitis\" might develop severe uveitis. But this uveitis is not the common one with recurrent attacks and quiet intervals, but some kind of not responding to any therapy and leading to blindness very soon in some cases. If horses survive septicaemia, uveitis will probably stop and show no further bouts. This is at least what is known from foals with uveitis during Rhodococcus septicaemia. If vision can be preserved over the general disease, no further damage of the eyes is expected. In very severe uveitis cases which do not respond to any treatment, other infectious agents than leptospires have to be considered, e.g. Micronema deletrix or Borrelia spp. In eyes showing the ","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"33 1","pages":"447-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68457582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The whole horsestock of the Governmental Main Stud Marbach/Lauter had been vaccinated between 1972 and 2015, accompanied and controlled by virological, bacteriological and serological investigations. In total 1.332 horses of different breeds had been treated thus by using 23.860 vaccinations. The different vaccines used during the observation period from 1972 until autumn 1976 were a killed Influenza vaccine (Prevaccun (R)) and a modified live EHV1-vaccine (Prevaccinol (R)). These vaccines had been used once a year only for breeding mares, stallions and riding horses. Later on a killed combination vaccine (Influenza H7/N/7, H3/N8, EHV1-killed, Reovirus types 1 and 3 killed) had been used for the whole stock with booster vaccinations every 9 months, followed by the succesive products (different Resequin (R) vaccines). The Fluvaccine Prequenza (R) and the killed EHV1/4 vaccine Duvaxyn EUV1/4 (R) were implemented, when Resequin (R) was no longer on the market. The booster vaccinations with this two vaccines had been performed every six months independent of the stage of pregnancy of the breeding mares. Foals weren't vaccinated before the 9th month of age, basic immunizations were performed 8 weeks apart. Tetanus revaccinations were performed according to the product descriptions independent of other vaccinations. The strict management and hygienic system used at the stud, seperating the different horse generations, seperating stabling of the stallion- and mare foals after weaning, are described as well as the hygienic measurements, the microbiological and serological investigations. Every single case of abortion had been investigated virologically, bacteriologically and patho-histologically. The EHV1- abortion rate (13 virologically confirmed EHV1-abortions) during the documented 44 years of investigation was 0,65% despite the twice year vaccination with killed EHV1/4 vaccines of the 2.012 pregnant mares. The comparable percentage of EHV1-abortions in the German Throroughbred with a totally different EHV-vaccination regime (3 vaccinations during the pregnancies within the last trimester) was 0,37%, on the basis of 29.116 foalings between 1992 and 2014. Beside EHV1-isolates from abortions, EHV1 were isolated from nasal swabs of weaned vaccinated foals. More over EHV3 (Coitalexanthema) from diseased mares was isolated for the first time between 1975 and 1976. The carrier was found in a stallion. In an influenza H3/N8-challenge trial (endobronchial challenge infection) four regularly vaccinated 2,5 year old stallions were infected. After their release into the stallion herd no clinical signs of influenza in the contact horses or virus isolation occurred. There was no outbreak of Equine Influenza in the Marbach stud for 44 years. No metaphylactic treatment for tetanus had been nescessary despite multiple injuries especially in the young horse herds. Immunity of the whole stock against tetanus could be demonstrated by serological tests (ELISA, Fassisi Te
{"title":"Bestandsimpfung beim Pferd: 44 Jahre Impfungen im Haupt- und Landgestüt Marbach a. d. Lauter (1972–2015) – Infektionsmedizinische Aspekte","authors":"P. Thein, A. Röhm","doi":"10.21836/PEM20160302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20160302","url":null,"abstract":"The whole horsestock of the Governmental Main Stud Marbach/Lauter had been vaccinated between 1972 and 2015, accompanied and controlled by virological, bacteriological and serological investigations. In total 1.332 horses of different breeds had been treated thus by using 23.860 vaccinations. The different vaccines used during the observation period from 1972 until autumn 1976 were a killed Influenza vaccine (Prevaccun (R)) and a modified live EHV1-vaccine (Prevaccinol (R)). These vaccines had been used once a year only for breeding mares, stallions and riding horses. Later on a killed combination vaccine (Influenza H7/N/7, H3/N8, EHV1-killed, Reovirus types 1 and 3 killed) had been used for the whole stock with booster vaccinations every 9 months, followed by the succesive products (different Resequin (R) vaccines). The Fluvaccine Prequenza (R) and the killed EHV1/4 vaccine Duvaxyn EUV1/4 (R) were implemented, when Resequin (R) was no longer on the market. The booster vaccinations with this two vaccines had been performed every six months independent of the stage of pregnancy of the breeding mares. Foals weren't vaccinated before the 9th month of age, basic immunizations were performed 8 weeks apart. Tetanus revaccinations were performed according to the product descriptions independent of other vaccinations. The strict management and hygienic system used at the stud, seperating the different horse generations, seperating stabling of the stallion- and mare foals after weaning, are described as well as the hygienic measurements, the microbiological and serological investigations. Every single case of abortion had been investigated virologically, bacteriologically and patho-histologically. The EHV1- abortion rate (13 virologically confirmed EHV1-abortions) during the documented 44 years of investigation was 0,65% despite the twice year vaccination with killed EHV1/4 vaccines of the 2.012 pregnant mares. The comparable percentage of EHV1-abortions in the German Throroughbred with a totally different EHV-vaccination regime (3 vaccinations during the pregnancies within the last trimester) was 0,37%, on the basis of 29.116 foalings between 1992 and 2014. Beside EHV1-isolates from abortions, EHV1 were isolated from nasal swabs of weaned vaccinated foals. More over EHV3 (Coitalexanthema) from diseased mares was isolated for the first time between 1975 and 1976. The carrier was found in a stallion. In an influenza H3/N8-challenge trial (endobronchial challenge infection) four regularly vaccinated 2,5 year old stallions were infected. After their release into the stallion herd no clinical signs of influenza in the contact horses or virus isolation occurred. There was no outbreak of Equine Influenza in the Marbach stud for 44 years. No metaphylactic treatment for tetanus had been nescessary despite multiple injuries especially in the young horse herds. Immunity of the whole stock against tetanus could be demonstrated by serological tests (ELISA, Fassisi Te","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68457169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich das Grostierrettungswesen stark weiterentwickelt. Die Bergung von Pferden und Rindern aus Gruben oder Schachten stellte jedoch bis jetzt aufgrund der engen Platzverhaltnisse in Bezug auf die Korpergrose der verunfallten Tiere eine grose Herausforderung dar. Um eine Horizontalbergung mittels eines herkommlichen Aufhangesystems zu ermoglichen, mussten die Zugange zu den jeweiligen Gruben oftmals zuerst vergrosert werden, was einen enormen Aufwand und Zeitverlust bedeutete. Oft wurden die Tiere jedoch gar nicht, tot oder mit schwersten Verletzungen geborgen. Um die Bergung von Grostieren aus solchen Kavernen zu verbessern, wurde das Grostier-Vertikalbergungsset (GTVBS) entwickelt. Unter Handhabung durch ausgebildetes Personal stellt das GTVBS eine hervorragende Moglichkeit dar, eine Vertikalbergung schonend und sicher fur alle Beteiligten durchzufuhren.
{"title":"Entwicklung des Grosstier-Vertikalbergungssets (GTVBS) - eine Weiterentwicklung des TBTN (Tier-Bergungs- und Transportnetz)","authors":"L. Kenel, R. Keller, B. V. Salis, Anton Fürst","doi":"10.5167/UZH-147445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-147445","url":null,"abstract":"In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich das Grostierrettungswesen stark weiterentwickelt. Die Bergung von Pferden und Rindern aus Gruben oder Schachten stellte jedoch bis jetzt aufgrund der engen Platzverhaltnisse in Bezug auf die Korpergrose der verunfallten Tiere eine grose Herausforderung dar. Um eine Horizontalbergung mittels eines herkommlichen Aufhangesystems zu ermoglichen, mussten die Zugange zu den jeweiligen Gruben oftmals zuerst vergrosert werden, was einen enormen Aufwand und Zeitverlust bedeutete. Oft wurden die Tiere jedoch gar nicht, tot oder mit schwersten Verletzungen geborgen. Um die Bergung von Grostieren aus solchen Kavernen zu verbessern, wurde das Grostier-Vertikalbergungsset (GTVBS) entwickelt. Unter Handhabung durch ausgebildetes Personal stellt das GTVBS eine hervorragende Moglichkeit dar, eine Vertikalbergung schonend und sicher fur alle Beteiligten durchzufuhren.","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"32 1","pages":"141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70641519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary : This review chronicles the events that led to the discovery of the cause of atypical myopathy (AM). Knowledge of the patho- physiological process of AM has guided the search for the aetiological agent towards toxins that reproduce the biochemical defect identified, whereas epidemiological enquiries indicated that the toxin we were looking for was linked to the environment, especially trees. A toxin named hypoglycin A was known to induce the human Jamaican vomiting sickness, which presents a similar pathophysiology to AM. This human disease results from the ingestion of a tropical fruit borne by a tree of the same family as Acer pseudoplatanus, the latter being consistently found within the vicinity of AM cases. Owing to a collaboration between Europe and the US, it was demonstrated that the toxic metabolite of hypoglycin A was present in the blood of AM cases and further studies confirmed the presence of hypoglycin A in the seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus. An incidence of outbreaks of AM may easily be linked to falling fruits in the autumn, but up to recently, the cause of spring outbreaks was unknown. This review answers the question, “How do horses get poisoned in the spring?” and raises the possible role of humidity or other trees in the disease induction. Recent findings that might be of importance to prevent and/or cure AM are also summarised. The paper concludes with the necessity to continue the recording of cases to help horses’ owners prevent AM. Citation D.-M. The cause of atypical myopathy has been discovered: what should we do now?
{"title":"The cause of atypical myopathy has been discovered – what should we do now?","authors":"D. Votion","doi":"10.21836/PEM20150604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20150604","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : This review chronicles the events that led to the discovery of the cause of atypical myopathy (AM). Knowledge of the patho- physiological process of AM has guided the search for the aetiological agent towards toxins that reproduce the biochemical defect identified, whereas epidemiological enquiries indicated that the toxin we were looking for was linked to the environment, especially trees. A toxin named hypoglycin A was known to induce the human Jamaican vomiting sickness, which presents a similar pathophysiology to AM. This human disease results from the ingestion of a tropical fruit borne by a tree of the same family as Acer pseudoplatanus, the latter being consistently found within the vicinity of AM cases. Owing to a collaboration between Europe and the US, it was demonstrated that the toxic metabolite of hypoglycin A was present in the blood of AM cases and further studies confirmed the presence of hypoglycin A in the seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus. An incidence of outbreaks of AM may easily be linked to falling fruits in the autumn, but up to recently, the cause of spring outbreaks was unknown. This review answers the question, “How do horses get poisoned in the spring?” and raises the possible role of humidity or other trees in the disease induction. Recent findings that might be of importance to prevent and/or cure AM are also summarised. The paper concludes with the necessity to continue the recording of cases to help horses’ owners prevent AM. Citation D.-M. The cause of atypical myopathy has been discovered: what should we do now?","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"31 1","pages":"571-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68457103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mayer, Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Hannah K Junge, Angelika Schoster, M. Mosing
Ziel der Studie war es, den Effekt von zwei Ringer-Laktat-Losungen (Fresenius®=RLF, Bichsel®=RLB) auf Elektrolytund Laktatkonzentration sowie Saure-Basen-Status beim Pferd wahrend einer 6-stundigen Allgemeinanasthesie zu untersuchen. Zehn Pferde wurden mit 10ml/kg/h RLF oder RLB wahrend der Allgemeinanasthesie infundiert. Natrium (Na), Kalium (K), Chlorid (Cl), ionisiertes Kalzium (iCa), Laktat, pH, pCO2 und Basenuberschuss (BE) wurden vor und alle 30 Minuten nach Einleitung bestimmt (M30–M360). Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen wurden mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Tests analysiert. Statistische Signifikanz wurde bei p<0,05 festgelegt. Es gab keine signifikanten Unterschiede fur Na, K, Cl, pH und BE. Das iCa war bei M150 signifikant hoher mit RLF (p=0,025), war jedoch in beiden Gruppen bereits bei M30 tief und fiel bis M360 weiter ab. Die Laktatkonzentration stieg uber die Zeit an und war bei M120 (p=0,016) und M360 (p=0,036) signifikant hoher mit RLB. Es konnten keine klinisch relevanten Unterschiede nach Verabreichung von RLF oder RLB bei den Elektrolyt- und Laktatkonzentrationen sowie beim Saure-Basen-Status uber eine Allgemeinanasthesiezeit von 6h gezeigt werden.
{"title":"Vergleich des Effektes von zwei Ringer-Laktat-Infusionslösungen auf den Elektrolyt-, Laktat- und Säure-Basen-Status bei Pferden während einer balancierten Langzeitanästhesie mit Isofluran und Medetomidin","authors":"N. Mayer, Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Hannah K Junge, Angelika Schoster, M. Mosing","doi":"10.5167/uzh-95136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-95136","url":null,"abstract":"Ziel der Studie war es, den Effekt von zwei Ringer-Laktat-Losungen (Fresenius®=RLF, Bichsel®=RLB) auf Elektrolytund \u0000Laktatkonzentration sowie Saure-Basen-Status beim Pferd wahrend einer 6-stundigen Allgemeinanasthesie zu untersuchen. Zehn Pferde \u0000wurden mit 10ml/kg/h RLF oder RLB wahrend der Allgemeinanasthesie infundiert. Natrium (Na), Kalium (K), Chlorid (Cl), ionisiertes Kalzium \u0000(iCa), Laktat, pH, pCO2 und Basenuberschuss (BE) wurden vor und alle 30 Minuten nach Einleitung bestimmt (M30–M360). Unterschiede \u0000zwischen den Gruppen wurden mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Tests analysiert. Statistische Signifikanz wurde bei p<0,05 festgelegt. Es \u0000gab keine signifikanten Unterschiede fur Na, K, Cl, pH und BE. Das iCa war bei M150 signifikant hoher mit RLF (p=0,025), war jedoch \u0000in beiden Gruppen bereits bei M30 tief und fiel bis M360 weiter ab. Die Laktatkonzentration stieg uber die Zeit an und war bei M120 \u0000(p=0,016) und M360 (p=0,036) signifikant hoher mit RLB. Es konnten keine klinisch relevanten Unterschiede nach Verabreichung von \u0000RLF oder RLB bei den Elektrolyt- und Laktatkonzentrationen sowie beim Saure-Basen-Status uber eine Allgemeinanasthesiezeit von 6h \u0000gezeigt werden.","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"30 1","pages":"297-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70664953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Estrada, R. V. Weeren, C. H. A. Lest, J. Boere, Reyes Nagaly, J. Ionita, M. Estrada, C. Lischer
Tendon pathologies are among the most common musculoskeletal disorders in horses. After damage the tendon repairs by forming disorganized scar tissue that is of inferior functional quality than normal tendon, leading to high re-injury rates. Many of the currently available treatment modalities cannot significantly reduce this high recurrence rate. Autologous Conditioned Plasma (ACP, Arthrex Inc., USA) has been described in the literature as a leukocyte-reduced platelet concentrate. This blood product has been used in equine and human medicine for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. However, the effect of this therapeutical approach on tendon healing is unknown. Core lesions were surgically induced in the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendons (SDFT) of both fore- and hind limbs in eight healthy horses. At days 7 and 15 after lesion induction one randomly assigned fore- and hindlimb was treated with ACP and the contralateral one with saline. This study used data from the forelimbs SDFTs only. Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic parameters monitored throughout the study did not differ significantly at any time point. 22 weeks after the last treatment, the ACP treated tendons presented a significantly lower concentration of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (p≤0.05) when compared to saline. Other compositional, biomechanical and histological parameters presented no significant differences. Our study indicates that 2 intra-tendinous ACP treatments (without anticoagulant) during the proliferative phase of healing in surgically induced tendon core lesions have a limited effect on tendon healing when comparing ultrasonographic, biochemical, biomechanical and histological parameters with the control treatment. Long-term placebo controlled clinical trials with more horses are warranted to determine if this effect is clinically significant.
{"title":"Effects of autologous conditioned plasma® (ACP on the healing of surgically induced core lesions in equine superficial digital flexor tendon","authors":"R. Estrada, R. V. Weeren, C. H. A. Lest, J. Boere, Reyes Nagaly, J. Ionita, M. Estrada, C. Lischer","doi":"10.21836/PEM20140602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21836/PEM20140602","url":null,"abstract":"Tendon pathologies are among the most common musculoskeletal disorders in horses. After damage the tendon repairs by forming disorganized scar tissue that is of inferior functional quality than normal tendon, leading to high re-injury rates. Many of the currently available treatment modalities cannot significantly reduce this high recurrence rate. Autologous Conditioned Plasma (ACP, Arthrex Inc., USA) has been described in the literature as a leukocyte-reduced platelet concentrate. This blood product has been used in equine and human medicine for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. However, the effect of this therapeutical approach on tendon healing is unknown. Core lesions were surgically induced in the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendons (SDFT) of both fore- and hind limbs in eight healthy horses. At days 7 and 15 after lesion induction one randomly assigned fore- and hindlimb was treated with ACP and the contralateral one with saline. This study used data from the forelimbs SDFTs only. Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic parameters monitored throughout the study did not differ significantly at any time point. 22 weeks after the last treatment, the ACP treated tendons presented a significantly lower concentration of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (p≤0.05) when compared to saline. Other compositional, biomechanical and histological parameters presented no significant differences. Our study indicates that 2 intra-tendinous ACP treatments (without anticoagulant) during the proliferative phase of healing in surgically induced tendon core lesions have a limited effect on tendon healing when comparing ultrasonographic, biochemical, biomechanical and histological parameters with the control treatment. Long-term placebo controlled clinical trials with more horses are warranted to determine if this effect is clinically significant.","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"30 1","pages":"633-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68457044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seit vielen Jahren wird die Osteoarthritis des Pferdes (OA) intraartikular mit konventionellen Therapeutika wie Corticosteroiden oder Hyaluronsaure behandelt. Zudem sind jedoch einige weitere regenerative und innovative Medikamente erschienen. Obwohl der genaue Pathomechanismus der OA nach wie vor nicht ganzheitlich aufgeklart ist, konnten in den vergangenen Jahren basierend auf biomolekularer Forschung Therapeutika entwickelt werden, die auf korpereigenen Reparationsmechanismen beruhen. Das Ziel dieser Literaturubersicht (Teil 2) ist es, die Wirksamkeit von Autologem Conditioniertem Serum, Platelet Rich Plasma und Stammzelltherapie beim Pferd anhand von In vitro- und In vivo-Studien evidenzbasiert zu beschreiben. Neben dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung werden zudem Therapiemoglichkeiten der Zukunft wie Gentherapie, Polyacrylamid Hydrogel oder Pentosanpolysulphat vorgestellt.
{"title":"Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen der intraartikulären medikamentellen Therapie beim Pferd - eine Literaturübersicht - Teil 2: Regenerative und innovative intraartikuläre medikamentelle Therapie beim Pferd","authors":"A. Ehrle, Anton Fürst, C. Lischer","doi":"10.5167/UZH-90912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-90912","url":null,"abstract":"Seit vielen Jahren wird die Osteoarthritis des Pferdes (OA) intraartikular mit konventionellen Therapeutika wie Corticosteroiden oder Hyaluronsaure behandelt. Zudem sind jedoch einige weitere regenerative und innovative Medikamente erschienen. Obwohl der genaue Pathomechanismus der OA nach wie vor nicht ganzheitlich aufgeklart ist, konnten in den vergangenen Jahren basierend auf biomolekularer Forschung Therapeutika entwickelt werden, die auf korpereigenen Reparationsmechanismen beruhen. Das Ziel dieser Literaturubersicht (Teil 2) ist es, die Wirksamkeit von Autologem Conditioniertem Serum, Platelet Rich Plasma und Stammzelltherapie beim Pferd anhand von In vitro- und In vivo-Studien evidenzbasiert zu beschreiben. Neben dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung werden zudem Therapiemoglichkeiten der Zukunft wie Gentherapie, Polyacrylamid Hydrogel oder Pentosanpolysulphat vorgestellt.","PeriodicalId":54626,"journal":{"name":"Pferdeheilkunde","volume":"29 1","pages":"212-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70664252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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