Pub Date : 2022-03-17DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2054876
Alina Kanarkina, N. Zavialova, O. Orlova, A. Joshi
Abstract The megaspore genus Biharisporites has a very wide stratigraphic range, being recorded from the Devonian to the Cretaceous. However, in situ these megaspores are known only from the Middle–Upper Devonian, from archaeopteridalean sporangia. Post-Devonian producers of Biharisporites are so far unknown; the parent group can only be hypothesized from the spore morphology and ultrastructure, and from the composition of contemporaneous assemblages of macroremains. To contribute to the understanding of the botanical affinity of dispersed megaspores of the genus, we undertook a comparative ultrastructural study of several Biharisporites species from the Middle Devonian of Russia and the Lower Permian of India. Surprisingly, we found exclusively lycopsid variants of the sporoderm ultrastructure not only in the Permian spores, but also in the Devonian. Therefore, some megaspores of Biharisporites were produced by lycopsids even in the Middle Devonian. Megaspores of Biharisporites morphology have been produced by different groups of spore-bearing plants since the Middle Devonian, and the genus Biharisporites is heterogeneous.
{"title":"Sporoderm ultrastructure of some Devonian and Permian representatives of Biharisporites and their botanical affinity","authors":"Alina Kanarkina, N. Zavialova, O. Orlova, A. Joshi","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2054876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2054876","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The megaspore genus Biharisporites has a very wide stratigraphic range, being recorded from the Devonian to the Cretaceous. However, in situ these megaspores are known only from the Middle–Upper Devonian, from archaeopteridalean sporangia. Post-Devonian producers of Biharisporites are so far unknown; the parent group can only be hypothesized from the spore morphology and ultrastructure, and from the composition of contemporaneous assemblages of macroremains. To contribute to the understanding of the botanical affinity of dispersed megaspores of the genus, we undertook a comparative ultrastructural study of several Biharisporites species from the Middle Devonian of Russia and the Lower Permian of India. Surprisingly, we found exclusively lycopsid variants of the sporoderm ultrastructure not only in the Permian spores, but also in the Devonian. Therefore, some megaspores of Biharisporites were produced by lycopsids even in the Middle Devonian. Megaspores of Biharisporites morphology have been produced by different groups of spore-bearing plants since the Middle Devonian, and the genus Biharisporites is heterogeneous.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45342129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2052993
Z. Tsymbalyuk, S. Çelenk, C. Bell, L. Nitsenko, S. Mosyakin
Abstract Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Dipsacales place Symphoricarpos in a clade containing Leycesteria, Triosteum, and Lonicera. The aim of this research was to analyze the palynomorphological features of taxa of Symphoricarpos and to compare the results with the taxonomic classification scheme and molecular phylogenetic data. Pollen morphology of 20 herbarium specimens belonging to 12 taxa of Symphoricarpos was studied using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen are 3(4)-colporate, obtate to subprolate (Polar axis (P) /Equatorial diameter (E) = 0.73−1.21) in shape, and medium- and large-sized (P=27.93–62.51 µm, E=25.27−69.16 µm). Three types of exine sculpture are recognized in the genus: type I – psilate-perforate, type II – microechinate-nanoechinate, and type III – echinate-microechinate-nanoechinate. Within these pollen types, seven subtypes are distinguished based on details of the exine sculpture, pollen size, details of colpi, and presence/absence and width of annuli. It has been established that the important diagnostic features at the species level for the purposes of taxonomy of Symphoricarpos are the size of pollen grains, details of the colpi and ores, presence/absence and width of the annuli, and exine sculpture. The pollen morphology of Symphoricarpos taxa allows the establishment of hypotheses regarding the evolution of exine sculpture. In particular, we assume that there is an evolutionary trend toward a decrease in the size and number of echini and microechini. Echinate-microechinate-nanoechinate exine sculpture is hypothesized to be a plesiomorphic condition within the genus Symphoricarpos.
{"title":"Comparative palynomorphological study of the genus Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae): exine sculpture and implications for evolution","authors":"Z. Tsymbalyuk, S. Çelenk, C. Bell, L. Nitsenko, S. Mosyakin","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2052993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2052993","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Dipsacales place Symphoricarpos in a clade containing Leycesteria, Triosteum, and Lonicera. The aim of this research was to analyze the palynomorphological features of taxa of Symphoricarpos and to compare the results with the taxonomic classification scheme and molecular phylogenetic data. Pollen morphology of 20 herbarium specimens belonging to 12 taxa of Symphoricarpos was studied using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen are 3(4)-colporate, obtate to subprolate (Polar axis (P) /Equatorial diameter (E) = 0.73−1.21) in shape, and medium- and large-sized (P=27.93–62.51 µm, E=25.27−69.16 µm). Three types of exine sculpture are recognized in the genus: type I – psilate-perforate, type II – microechinate-nanoechinate, and type III – echinate-microechinate-nanoechinate. Within these pollen types, seven subtypes are distinguished based on details of the exine sculpture, pollen size, details of colpi, and presence/absence and width of annuli. It has been established that the important diagnostic features at the species level for the purposes of taxonomy of Symphoricarpos are the size of pollen grains, details of the colpi and ores, presence/absence and width of the annuli, and exine sculpture. The pollen morphology of Symphoricarpos taxa allows the establishment of hypotheses regarding the evolution of exine sculpture. In particular, we assume that there is an evolutionary trend toward a decrease in the size and number of echini and microechini. Echinate-microechinate-nanoechinate exine sculpture is hypothesized to be a plesiomorphic condition within the genus Symphoricarpos.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2050321
Md. Firoze Quamar
ABSTRACT Vegetation reconstruction from fossil pollen records depends on an adequate understanding of the relationship between modern pollen-rain and the extant vegetation. Modern pollen assemblages, that reflect the extant vegetation of an area, have been documented through the palynological analysis of 30 modern moss cushions from Rourkela, Sundargarh District (Odisha State), India. The study demonstrated the dominance of non-arboreal pollen taxa (NAPs; herbs) over the arboreal pollen taxa (APs; trees and shrubs). Tree pollen taxa, among the APs, contributed with an average sum of 23% of the total pollen sum, whereas shrubby taxa have an average pollen sum of 17%. Among the herbs (NAPs), Poaceae is the dominating herbaceous taxon in the total pollen-rain, whereas Cerealia and other cultural pollen taxa are the other prominent herbaceous taxa of the pollen-rain, besides Asteroideae. The overall pollen assemblages suggest an open nature of the forest around the study area. Insights into pollen source, representation (production and dispersal), transport and preservation of certain taxa around the study area have been also provided. Comparison of the pollen assemblages in present study with the pollen assemblages from other areas (especially from central India) has been also been made in order to have a broad overview of such study around the study area. The present study could improve our understanding of the modern pollen-rain/vegetation relationship and further aid in calibration and interpretation of the fossil pollen records. Abbreviations: APs: arboreal pollen; NAPs: non-arboreal pollen; TPS: total pollen sum; ISM: Indian summer monsoon; SWSM: South west summer monsoon; BSIP: Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences
{"title":"Modern Pollen-Vegetation Relationship from the Rourkela (Sundargarh District), Odisha, India: A Preliminary Study and a Comparative Account","authors":"Md. Firoze Quamar","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2050321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2050321","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vegetation reconstruction from fossil pollen records depends on an adequate understanding of the relationship between modern pollen-rain and the extant vegetation. Modern pollen assemblages, that reflect the extant vegetation of an area, have been documented through the palynological analysis of 30 modern moss cushions from Rourkela, Sundargarh District (Odisha State), India. The study demonstrated the dominance of non-arboreal pollen taxa (NAPs; herbs) over the arboreal pollen taxa (APs; trees and shrubs). Tree pollen taxa, among the APs, contributed with an average sum of 23% of the total pollen sum, whereas shrubby taxa have an average pollen sum of 17%. Among the herbs (NAPs), Poaceae is the dominating herbaceous taxon in the total pollen-rain, whereas Cerealia and other cultural pollen taxa are the other prominent herbaceous taxa of the pollen-rain, besides Asteroideae. The overall pollen assemblages suggest an open nature of the forest around the study area. Insights into pollen source, representation (production and dispersal), transport and preservation of certain taxa around the study area have been also provided. Comparison of the pollen assemblages in present study with the pollen assemblages from other areas (especially from central India) has been also been made in order to have a broad overview of such study around the study area. The present study could improve our understanding of the modern pollen-rain/vegetation relationship and further aid in calibration and interpretation of the fossil pollen records. Abbreviations: APs: arboreal pollen; NAPs: non-arboreal pollen; TPS: total pollen sum; ISM: Indian summer monsoon; SWSM: South west summer monsoon; BSIP: Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46863092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2050322
V. J. García Muro, C. V. Rubinstein
ABSTRACT A large population of the acritarch genus Pyloferites Quadros 1999 was recovered from the Devonian strata of the Paraná Basin, Alto Garças Sub-basin (Brazil), at the Jaciara section. Based on a literature review and the examination of new material, including morphometric analyses, Pyloferites shows wide morphological variability, and, therefore, is herein emended. Additionally, a species emendation and a new species are instituted: Pyloferites escobaides (Cramer 1964) Daners et al. 2017 emend. nov., and Pyloferites paranaensis sp. nov. The stratigraphical distribution of P. escobaides is extended from the middle–late Pragian to the Famennian, while P. paranaeinsis is restricted to the Pragian to early Emsian, or possibly middle Emsian, of the Paraná Basin. The presence of Pyloferites in Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Spain supports a Gondwanan and Perigondwanan palaeobiogeographical distribution.
{"title":"Revision of the Devonian Acritarch Genus Pyloferites Quadros 1999 Based on Palynomorph Assemblages from Brazil","authors":"V. J. García Muro, C. V. Rubinstein","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2050322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2050322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A large population of the acritarch genus Pyloferites Quadros 1999 was recovered from the Devonian strata of the Paraná Basin, Alto Garças Sub-basin (Brazil), at the Jaciara section. Based on a literature review and the examination of new material, including morphometric analyses, Pyloferites shows wide morphological variability, and, therefore, is herein emended. Additionally, a species emendation and a new species are instituted: Pyloferites escobaides (Cramer 1964) Daners et al. 2017 emend. nov., and Pyloferites paranaensis sp. nov. The stratigraphical distribution of P. escobaides is extended from the middle–late Pragian to the Famennian, while P. paranaeinsis is restricted to the Pragian to early Emsian, or possibly middle Emsian, of the Paraná Basin. The presence of Pyloferites in Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Spain supports a Gondwanan and Perigondwanan palaeobiogeographical distribution.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42839943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2047818
Talita Kely Bellonzi, E. Gasparino
ABSTRACT Napeantheae is a monogeneric tribe of Gesneriaceae (with Napeanthus Gardner), that presents species with different morphology from other Gesnerioideae, being herbs with rosulate leaves that grow in pits, banks or at the base of rocks in humid forests. The tribe's palynology is poorly known. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the pollen morphology of the Brazilian native species of Napeanthus (Napeantheae) in order to expand the morphological knowledge of the tribe and compare it with existing studies on Gesneriaceae. For the analysis, the pollen grains were removed from flower buds of exsiccatae deposited in herbaria; they were acetolyzed, measured, photographed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and described qualitatively. The analyzed species present differences in amb, polar area, shape, size of ectoapertures, type of endoapertures and exine thickness. The pollen grains are monads, isopolar, small, tricolporate, circulaperturate, ectoaperture rounded at the polar ends and without margo; the exine is semitectate, microreticulate-fossulate, sexine is thicker than nexine. An artificial pollen key is presented to help distinguish species. Quantitative pollen grain data confirm the qualitative differences observed, especially in relation to the type of endoaperture. The microreticulate-fossulate exine ornamentation observed in Napeanthus has not previously been recorded for Gesneriaceae, especially in Gesnerioideae.
{"title":"Pollen Morphology of Napeantheae Wiehler (Gesneriaceae) from Brazil","authors":"Talita Kely Bellonzi, E. Gasparino","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2047818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2047818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Napeantheae is a monogeneric tribe of Gesneriaceae (with Napeanthus Gardner), that presents species with different morphology from other Gesnerioideae, being herbs with rosulate leaves that grow in pits, banks or at the base of rocks in humid forests. The tribe's palynology is poorly known. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the pollen morphology of the Brazilian native species of Napeanthus (Napeantheae) in order to expand the morphological knowledge of the tribe and compare it with existing studies on Gesneriaceae. For the analysis, the pollen grains were removed from flower buds of exsiccatae deposited in herbaria; they were acetolyzed, measured, photographed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and described qualitatively. The analyzed species present differences in amb, polar area, shape, size of ectoapertures, type of endoapertures and exine thickness. The pollen grains are monads, isopolar, small, tricolporate, circulaperturate, ectoaperture rounded at the polar ends and without margo; the exine is semitectate, microreticulate-fossulate, sexine is thicker than nexine. An artificial pollen key is presented to help distinguish species. Quantitative pollen grain data confirm the qualitative differences observed, especially in relation to the type of endoaperture. The microreticulate-fossulate exine ornamentation observed in Napeanthus has not previously been recorded for Gesneriaceae, especially in Gesnerioideae.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45140889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2037776
F. Taherian, F. Vaez-Javadi, S. H. Vaziri
ABSTRACT Diverse and well-preserved terrestrial palynomorphs occur in the Padeha, Khoshyeilagh, and Mobarak formations in the Khoshyeilagh area, northeastern Alborz, northern Iran. The spore assemblages consist of 36 species belonging to 24 genera. The vertical distribution of index spores allows the erection within these strata of five local biozones (BT, FF, LE, LN, and VI). The data show that assemblages recorded from the Khoshyeilagh section can be correlated with the VCo, LE, LN, and VI Miospore biozones of Europe, Canada, and USA. Many of the palynomorph species, such as Archaeoperisaccus ovalis, Ancyrospora ampulla, Diducites mucronatus, D. versabilis, Grandispora cornuta, G. echinata, Indotriradites explanatus, Retispora lepidophyta, Retusotriletes incohatus, R. phillipsii, Rugospora flexuosa, Teichertospora torquata, Tumulispora malevkensis, Vallatisporites pusillites, Verrucosisporites bulliferus, and Verrucosisporites nitidus, are closely comparable with coeval assemblages recorded from Belgium, Portugal, Canada, North Africa, South America, and North America. This indicates the close relationship of the Iranian Platform to other parts of the northern Gondwana and southern Laurentian domain during this time interval. Moreover, parent plants of the Late Devonian miospores in the Khoshyeilagh area generally belong to herbaceous Class Rhyniopsida (orders: Rhyniales, Trimerophytales), Zosterophyllopsida, and various classes such as, Lycopsida (herbaceous order: Isoetales, Selaginellales, Protolepidodendrales), Progymnospermopsida (Order Archaeopteridales and Aneuropthytales), and Filicopsida. The presence of marine shelly macrofauna (brachiopods and corals) suggest a nearshore depositional environment comprising rivers, fluvial deltas, tidal flats, and lagoons for the Upper Devonian and lowermost Carboniferous deposits studied herein.
{"title":"Miospores from the Upper Devonian and Lowermost Carboniferous Strata of the Khoshyeilagh Area, Northeastern Alborz, Iran","authors":"F. Taherian, F. Vaez-Javadi, S. H. Vaziri","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2037776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2037776","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Diverse and well-preserved terrestrial palynomorphs occur in the Padeha, Khoshyeilagh, and Mobarak formations in the Khoshyeilagh area, northeastern Alborz, northern Iran. The spore assemblages consist of 36 species belonging to 24 genera. The vertical distribution of index spores allows the erection within these strata of five local biozones (BT, FF, LE, LN, and VI). The data show that assemblages recorded from the Khoshyeilagh section can be correlated with the VCo, LE, LN, and VI Miospore biozones of Europe, Canada, and USA. Many of the palynomorph species, such as Archaeoperisaccus ovalis, Ancyrospora ampulla, Diducites mucronatus, D. versabilis, Grandispora cornuta, G. echinata, Indotriradites explanatus, Retispora lepidophyta, Retusotriletes incohatus, R. phillipsii, Rugospora flexuosa, Teichertospora torquata, Tumulispora malevkensis, Vallatisporites pusillites, Verrucosisporites bulliferus, and Verrucosisporites nitidus, are closely comparable with coeval assemblages recorded from Belgium, Portugal, Canada, North Africa, South America, and North America. This indicates the close relationship of the Iranian Platform to other parts of the northern Gondwana and southern Laurentian domain during this time interval. Moreover, parent plants of the Late Devonian miospores in the Khoshyeilagh area generally belong to herbaceous Class Rhyniopsida (orders: Rhyniales, Trimerophytales), Zosterophyllopsida, and various classes such as, Lycopsida (herbaceous order: Isoetales, Selaginellales, Protolepidodendrales), Progymnospermopsida (Order Archaeopteridales and Aneuropthytales), and Filicopsida. The presence of marine shelly macrofauna (brachiopods and corals) suggest a nearshore depositional environment comprising rivers, fluvial deltas, tidal flats, and lagoons for the Upper Devonian and lowermost Carboniferous deposits studied herein.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42725238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2021.2023057
H. E. Atfy, S. Y. El Beialy, Mohamed K. Zobaa, Asmaa A. Taha, D. Uhl
ABSTRACT A palynological investigation was carried out on 24 samples from the Oligocene Dabaa Formation, which cuts across the Amana-1X well, located in the Abu El Gharadig Basin, north Western Desert, Egypt. Palynological evidence presented here suggests an early Oligocene age for the studied Dabaa Formation. In addition, the palynological assemblages provide supplementary evidence for depositional environments. They are generally indicative of outer-shelf to upper slope environment under oxic to anoxic conditions for the lower part of the studied Dabaa Formation, but infrequent occurrences of more diverse assemblages suggest an inner neritic marine environment for strata at some levels in the upper part of the studied section. It was during the Oligocene that marked floral changes leading to the development of modern plant associations began such as temperate deciduous forests (with e.g., Acer and Betulaceae) which expanded greatly in the mid latitudes. A distinctive vegetational pattern could be outlined within the deposition of the Dabaa Formation. This pattern includes mangroves represented by taxa such as Zonocostites ramonae, Psilatricolporites crassus and Verrucatosporites usmensis. Another considerably different association with plenty of the freshwater algae Botryococcus and Pediastrum spp. at this level or tropical forests at slightly elevated altitudes (ever wet climate) are dominated by a variety of tropical forest taxa including Malvaceae and Striatricolpites, together with Retitricolporites irregularis, Psilatricolporites operculatus, Retibrevitricolporites ibadanensis, Retitricolporites spp. and Psilamonocolpites spp. in addition to ferns and tree ferns where tropical floras dominate. Also recognized are elements of savanna or open woodland (less humid climate) taxa like Poaceae pollen (grass) such as Monoporopollenites annulatus associated with Amaranthaceae (e.g., Chenopodipollis multiplex), Cyperaceae spp., Echiperiporites estelae, Proteacidites cooksonii, Cicatricosisporites dorogensis and Pteris. Finally, the montane ecosystems may have occurred at the slopes of mountains including rare pollen assigned to Sapotaceae (Psilastephanocolporites spp.) and Anacardiaceae (Retitricolpites simplex) which are probably part of the palynoflora due to long-distance transport.
{"title":"A Snapshot into the Oligocene Vegetation of the Tethyan Southern Shores: New Fossil Pollen Evidence from North Africa (Egypt)","authors":"H. E. Atfy, S. Y. El Beialy, Mohamed K. Zobaa, Asmaa A. Taha, D. Uhl","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2021.2023057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2021.2023057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A palynological investigation was carried out on 24 samples from the Oligocene Dabaa Formation, which cuts across the Amana-1X well, located in the Abu El Gharadig Basin, north Western Desert, Egypt. Palynological evidence presented here suggests an early Oligocene age for the studied Dabaa Formation. In addition, the palynological assemblages provide supplementary evidence for depositional environments. They are generally indicative of outer-shelf to upper slope environment under oxic to anoxic conditions for the lower part of the studied Dabaa Formation, but infrequent occurrences of more diverse assemblages suggest an inner neritic marine environment for strata at some levels in the upper part of the studied section. It was during the Oligocene that marked floral changes leading to the development of modern plant associations began such as temperate deciduous forests (with e.g., Acer and Betulaceae) which expanded greatly in the mid latitudes. A distinctive vegetational pattern could be outlined within the deposition of the Dabaa Formation. This pattern includes mangroves represented by taxa such as Zonocostites ramonae, Psilatricolporites crassus and Verrucatosporites usmensis. Another considerably different association with plenty of the freshwater algae Botryococcus and Pediastrum spp. at this level or tropical forests at slightly elevated altitudes (ever wet climate) are dominated by a variety of tropical forest taxa including Malvaceae and Striatricolpites, together with Retitricolporites irregularis, Psilatricolporites operculatus, Retibrevitricolporites ibadanensis, Retitricolporites spp. and Psilamonocolpites spp. in addition to ferns and tree ferns where tropical floras dominate. Also recognized are elements of savanna or open woodland (less humid climate) taxa like Poaceae pollen (grass) such as Monoporopollenites annulatus associated with Amaranthaceae (e.g., Chenopodipollis multiplex), Cyperaceae spp., Echiperiporites estelae, Proteacidites cooksonii, Cicatricosisporites dorogensis and Pteris. Finally, the montane ecosystems may have occurred at the slopes of mountains including rare pollen assigned to Sapotaceae (Psilastephanocolporites spp.) and Anacardiaceae (Retitricolpites simplex) which are probably part of the palynoflora due to long-distance transport.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48385453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2034675
Julia Gravendyck, C. Coiffard, J. Bachelier
ABSTRACT A major and recurrent issue in nomenclature and taxonomy is synonymy and the occurrence of competing names for a taxon. Formal proposals for conservation, protection, or rejection of names are a painstaking but necessary work, which for extant plants, often requires consulting the frequency of use of competing names in floras. In palaeopalynology, such information can be gathered by tedious consultation of the literature or by working with palaeopalynological databases, which provide easily accessible quantitative data on how frequently each given taxon name is used. Here, we show that such information can be employed not only for taxonomic revisions in plant microfossils, but also to calculate three new simple metrics, i.e. Citation Share (CS), Citation Rate (CR), and Establishment Index (EI), and quantify how widespread the use of a name is on its own, or in comparison to potentially competing name(s). Using three case studies, we demonstrate how our proposed metrics can easily be used to present how the use of a name of a taxon changed over the decades, especially for competing names. Independently of the study question, our proposed metrics provide a fast overview of popularity of names and abundance of the respective taxa in species inventories (CS and CR), and a concise compound metric to represent the standing of a name for competing names today (EI). Their advantage is that they encode information that would otherwise require rather lengthy enumerations and space-consuming visual representations. They are therefore an effective tool to represent data in a short and concise way to clarify cumbersome taxonomical and nomenclatural problems, and can support informed proposals for either conservation, protection or rejection, which are typically very limited in space for the respective argument.
{"title":"Assessing Taxon Names in Palynology (II): Indices to Quantify Use of Names","authors":"Julia Gravendyck, C. Coiffard, J. Bachelier","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2034675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2034675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A major and recurrent issue in nomenclature and taxonomy is synonymy and the occurrence of competing names for a taxon. Formal proposals for conservation, protection, or rejection of names are a painstaking but necessary work, which for extant plants, often requires consulting the frequency of use of competing names in floras. In palaeopalynology, such information can be gathered by tedious consultation of the literature or by working with palaeopalynological databases, which provide easily accessible quantitative data on how frequently each given taxon name is used. Here, we show that such information can be employed not only for taxonomic revisions in plant microfossils, but also to calculate three new simple metrics, i.e. Citation Share (CS), Citation Rate (CR), and Establishment Index (EI), and quantify how widespread the use of a name is on its own, or in comparison to potentially competing name(s). Using three case studies, we demonstrate how our proposed metrics can easily be used to present how the use of a name of a taxon changed over the decades, especially for competing names. Independently of the study question, our proposed metrics provide a fast overview of popularity of names and abundance of the respective taxa in species inventories (CS and CR), and a concise compound metric to represent the standing of a name for competing names today (EI). Their advantage is that they encode information that would otherwise require rather lengthy enumerations and space-consuming visual representations. They are therefore an effective tool to represent data in a short and concise way to clarify cumbersome taxonomical and nomenclatural problems, and can support informed proposals for either conservation, protection or rejection, which are typically very limited in space for the respective argument.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45113099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2031329
Iman H. Nour, Rim S. Hamdy, A. Osman, Mohamed O. Badry
ABSTRACT Allium (Amaryllidaceae) is diverse and taxonomically problematic, with controversial subdivisions and polymorphic species. In Egypt, the genus has not been investigated satisfactorily in terms of palynology. The present study aims to provide palynological information on the endemic and near-endemic species of Allium for the first time in Egypt and to characterise the pollen diversity of the investigated taxa. The pollen morphology of 21 Allium taxa was studied comprehensively via Scanning Electron Microscopy. Twenty-five traits were surveyed, then subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Pollen grains are monads, heteropolar, monosulcate, or trisulcate, small to medium-sized (polar axis (P) = 10.44–29.76 µm, equatorial diameter (E) = 18.97–59.24 µm), and peroblate or oblate in shape. The sulcus may be anasulcate, meridionosulcate, or subzonasulcate. Sulcus ends are blunt, pointed, rounded, or undulated. The exine ornamentation is variable and diversified between the distal pole and the equator. The current study highlights the importance of pollen characteristics such as pollen size parameters, pollen shape, aperture type, polar outline, sulcus size parameters, sulcus type and end shape, distance between sulcus ends, exine ornamentation, presence or absence of perforations on the exine, and perforation size and density for the discrimination of Allium taxa in Egypt. The HCA confirms that pollen morphology has limited taxonomic usefulness at the sectional level for the studied taxa. The PCoA results, on the other hand, were more informative to visualise the infrageneric classification based on the studied palynological traits. A dichotomous identification key for 21 Allium taxa in Egypt based on palynological data is presented.
{"title":"Palynological Study of Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) in the Flora of Egypt","authors":"Iman H. Nour, Rim S. Hamdy, A. Osman, Mohamed O. Badry","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2031329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2031329","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Allium (Amaryllidaceae) is diverse and taxonomically problematic, with controversial subdivisions and polymorphic species. In Egypt, the genus has not been investigated satisfactorily in terms of palynology. The present study aims to provide palynological information on the endemic and near-endemic species of Allium for the first time in Egypt and to characterise the pollen diversity of the investigated taxa. The pollen morphology of 21 Allium taxa was studied comprehensively via Scanning Electron Microscopy. Twenty-five traits were surveyed, then subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Pollen grains are monads, heteropolar, monosulcate, or trisulcate, small to medium-sized (polar axis (P) = 10.44–29.76 µm, equatorial diameter (E) = 18.97–59.24 µm), and peroblate or oblate in shape. The sulcus may be anasulcate, meridionosulcate, or subzonasulcate. Sulcus ends are blunt, pointed, rounded, or undulated. The exine ornamentation is variable and diversified between the distal pole and the equator. The current study highlights the importance of pollen characteristics such as pollen size parameters, pollen shape, aperture type, polar outline, sulcus size parameters, sulcus type and end shape, distance between sulcus ends, exine ornamentation, presence or absence of perforations on the exine, and perforation size and density for the discrimination of Allium taxa in Egypt. The HCA confirms that pollen morphology has limited taxonomic usefulness at the sectional level for the studied taxa. The PCoA results, on the other hand, were more informative to visualise the infrageneric classification based on the studied palynological traits. A dichotomous identification key for 21 Allium taxa in Egypt based on palynological data is presented.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44905913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2028687
S. Piasecki
ABSTRACT Odd palynomorphs are identified in sediments in a shallow core from the Rømø barrier island in the Danish Wadden Sea. The palynomorphs occur in five stratigraphic samples of lacustrine mud, peat and sand. The sand has a chaotic structure and was deposited by a tsunami associated with the Storegga slide in the North Atlantic Ocean, 8150 years ago. The palynomorphs are very common in the lower samples from in situ gyttja and peat and are less common in the overlying sand bed. Reworked lumps of peat occur in the sand and the palynomorphs are therefore also considered reworked into the sand during the tsunami event. The variable morphology of the palynomorphs is considered to represent the ontogeny as well as the specific morphology of fern annuli. The wall tissue of the sporangium is coherent with annulus cells and reveals the fern relationship. The tissue shows a characteristic succession of elongated, rectangular cells in the sporangium wall with stomium and annulus. The palynomorphs are interpreted as parts of annuli from sporangia of leptosporangiate ferns. The modern fern species Hemionitis glabella has a comparable sporangium morphology, and the palynomorphs are considered to come from a fern relative. Hemionitis is cosmopolitan but absent in Europe north of France. This annulus type and the derived palynomorph types have not been described from fossil material before.
{"title":"Odd Palynomorphs (NPPs) from Annuli of Fern Sporangia; Holocene Lacustrine and Tsunami Deposits of the Danish Wadden Sea","authors":"S. Piasecki","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2028687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2028687","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Odd palynomorphs are identified in sediments in a shallow core from the Rømø barrier island in the Danish Wadden Sea. The palynomorphs occur in five stratigraphic samples of lacustrine mud, peat and sand. The sand has a chaotic structure and was deposited by a tsunami associated with the Storegga slide in the North Atlantic Ocean, 8150 years ago. The palynomorphs are very common in the lower samples from in situ gyttja and peat and are less common in the overlying sand bed. Reworked lumps of peat occur in the sand and the palynomorphs are therefore also considered reworked into the sand during the tsunami event. The variable morphology of the palynomorphs is considered to represent the ontogeny as well as the specific morphology of fern annuli. The wall tissue of the sporangium is coherent with annulus cells and reveals the fern relationship. The tissue shows a characteristic succession of elongated, rectangular cells in the sporangium wall with stomium and annulus. The palynomorphs are interpreted as parts of annuli from sporangia of leptosporangiate ferns. The modern fern species Hemionitis glabella has a comparable sporangium morphology, and the palynomorphs are considered to come from a fern relative. Hemionitis is cosmopolitan but absent in Europe north of France. This annulus type and the derived palynomorph types have not been described from fossil material before.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48269461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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