Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2266491
Olga N. Vasilyeva
AbstractThe Keresta Formation, located in the Volgograd-Volga region (the Volga-Caspian subregion of southwest Russia) has been dated as a Middle Eocene, Lutetian based on dinoflagellate cysts as the Enneadocysta arcuata Zone and nannofossils from the Lutetian Subzones CP13c-CP14a. Within this interval, four new species of dinoflagellate cysts were described: Spiniferella grigorovichiae sp. nov., Impagidinium tuberculatum sp. nov., Hystrichostrogylon crassitunicatum sp. nov. and Hystrichosphaeropsis tenerum sp. nov. The new species present a high correlation potential for Middle Eocene stratigraphy over the southern part of the Russian Platform. Also, the assemblage of organic-walled microphytoplankton from the Keresta Formation indicates warm water marine environments within the marginal part of the Paratethys Basin.Keywords: Dinoflagellate cystsMiddle EoceneLutetiansouthwest RussiaVolgograd-Volga regionDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.
{"title":"New dinoflagellate cyst species from the Middle Eocene of the Volgograd-Volga region, southwest Russia","authors":"Olga N. Vasilyeva","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2266491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2266491","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe Keresta Formation, located in the Volgograd-Volga region (the Volga-Caspian subregion of southwest Russia) has been dated as a Middle Eocene, Lutetian based on dinoflagellate cysts as the Enneadocysta arcuata Zone and nannofossils from the Lutetian Subzones CP13c-CP14a. Within this interval, four new species of dinoflagellate cysts were described: Spiniferella grigorovichiae sp. nov., Impagidinium tuberculatum sp. nov., Hystrichostrogylon crassitunicatum sp. nov. and Hystrichosphaeropsis tenerum sp. nov. The new species present a high correlation potential for Middle Eocene stratigraphy over the southern part of the Russian Platform. Also, the assemblage of organic-walled microphytoplankton from the Keresta Formation indicates warm water marine environments within the marginal part of the Paratethys Basin.Keywords: Dinoflagellate cystsMiddle EoceneLutetiansouthwest RussiaVolgograd-Volga regionDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2222293
Juan González-Velasco, Iris G. Galván-Escobedo, Mireya Burgos-Hernández, G. Castillo‐Campos
ABSTRACT The morphological characteristics of pollen grains of Linum species in Mexico have not previously been evaluated in quantitative terms. This study reports statistical values of pollen characteristics – polar axis, equatorial axis, shape, polar area, exine thickness, sexine thickness, nexine thickness, and height and diameter of ornamental pollen elements – of 11 of the 13 endemic species accepted to date and for which material was available: L. cruciata, L. flagellare, L. lasiocarpum, L. longipes, L. mexicanum, L. modestum, L. orizabae, L. pringlei, L. rzedowskii, L. scabrellum, and L. tenellum. The detailed light and scanning electron microscopy study revealed that the pollen is prolate-spheroidal to subprolate, tricolpate and with semitectate exine sculptured with bacula, clavae, gemmae or spines whose height and diameter follow a homogeneous, intermediate, or heterogeneous pattern. The principal component analysis found that five characters, namely the height of the ornamental elements, sexine thickness, exine thickness, diameter of ornamental elements, and nexine thickness, explained the highest percentage of the variance between species. The cluster and discriminant analyses classified some of the species into three groups and differentiated three of them according to their morphology. The difficulty in distinguishing some species through a conventional approach was solved conveniently using palynological traits since the ornamentation pattern of pollen grains was unique and because grains of various species were statistically different, thus representing a tool for identifying Linum species.
{"title":"Pollen Morphology of Endemic Linum Species (Linoideae: Linaceae) from Mexico","authors":"Juan González-Velasco, Iris G. Galván-Escobedo, Mireya Burgos-Hernández, G. Castillo‐Campos","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2222293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2222293","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The morphological characteristics of pollen grains of Linum species in Mexico have not previously been evaluated in quantitative terms. This study reports statistical values of pollen characteristics – polar axis, equatorial axis, shape, polar area, exine thickness, sexine thickness, nexine thickness, and height and diameter of ornamental pollen elements – of 11 of the 13 endemic species accepted to date and for which material was available: L. cruciata, L. flagellare, L. lasiocarpum, L. longipes, L. mexicanum, L. modestum, L. orizabae, L. pringlei, L. rzedowskii, L. scabrellum, and L. tenellum. The detailed light and scanning electron microscopy study revealed that the pollen is prolate-spheroidal to subprolate, tricolpate and with semitectate exine sculptured with bacula, clavae, gemmae or spines whose height and diameter follow a homogeneous, intermediate, or heterogeneous pattern. The principal component analysis found that five characters, namely the height of the ornamental elements, sexine thickness, exine thickness, diameter of ornamental elements, and nexine thickness, explained the highest percentage of the variance between species. The cluster and discriminant analyses classified some of the species into three groups and differentiated three of them according to their morphology. The difficulty in distinguishing some species through a conventional approach was solved conveniently using palynological traits since the ornamentation pattern of pollen grains was unique and because grains of various species were statistically different, thus representing a tool for identifying Linum species.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractPollen morphology serves as a valuable tool for identification, phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary studies. The present study aims to investigate the pollen morphology of 12 species of the genus Ipomoea L. (a diverse and economically important genus within the family Convolvulaceae) from Garhwal Himalaya, India. Fresh flower buds were collected from the study area and pollen preparation was done using the acetolysis method. The morphology of the pollen grains was examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains of all the studied species were apolar, spheroidal, pantoporate, subtectate with fine reticulation and echinate but they differed from one another in their size, number of spines and pores, spine length and spine types. The size of grains ranged from 53.3 μm to 128.7 μm. Cluster analysis was performed based on pollen characters to show the relationship among the species and a key was prepared and discussed. The observed variation in pollen morphological traits gives important taxonomic information that is useful for distinguishing Ipomoea species and establishing taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships.Keywords: IpomoeaPantoporateSpineSpheroidalCluster analysisDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.
{"title":"Pollen morphology of <i>Ipomoea</i> L. species from Garhwal Himalaya, India and its taxonomic implication","authors":"Prabhawati Tiwari, Ruchita Rawat, Shivani Negi, Dinesh Singh Rawat","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2264357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2264357","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractPollen morphology serves as a valuable tool for identification, phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary studies. The present study aims to investigate the pollen morphology of 12 species of the genus Ipomoea L. (a diverse and economically important genus within the family Convolvulaceae) from Garhwal Himalaya, India. Fresh flower buds were collected from the study area and pollen preparation was done using the acetolysis method. The morphology of the pollen grains was examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains of all the studied species were apolar, spheroidal, pantoporate, subtectate with fine reticulation and echinate but they differed from one another in their size, number of spines and pores, spine length and spine types. The size of grains ranged from 53.3 μm to 128.7 μm. Cluster analysis was performed based on pollen characters to show the relationship among the species and a key was prepared and discussed. The observed variation in pollen morphological traits gives important taxonomic information that is useful for distinguishing Ipomoea species and establishing taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships.Keywords: IpomoeaPantoporateSpineSpheroidalCluster analysisDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2262530
Thayná Rosa Batista Martins, Raquel Maria Batista Souza-Souza, Wellerson Picanço Leite, Roberto Lourenço Esteves, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça, Vania Gonçalves-Esteves
AbstractThis article presents a pollen study of 13 species of Dendrophorbium (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) occurring in Brazil. Dendrophorbium has species distributed in the South and Southeast regions of the Brazilian territory that were previously grouped in Senecio Myriocephalus sect. and later Dendrophorbium was elevated to the rank of genus, considering the section Myriocephalus as a synonym of Dendrophorbium. The aim of this study is to advance knowledge of the pollen characteristics of the genus and thus contribute to the taxonomy of the group. The botanical material was collected from specimens deposited in national herbaria. Floral buds were acetolysed for light microscopic analysis. Pollen sediments were mounted on slides with glycerinated gelatin and analyzed under a light microscope. Measurements were taken of the diameters and thickness of exine layers of pollen grains. Examination showed pollen grains to be monadic, isopolar, medium-sized, oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal, and 3-colporate. The endoaperture has median constriction in most species, except in D. pellucidinerve. The sexine is thicker than the nexine and echinate, with large perforations at the base of echinae. The exine is caveate. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the pollen grains of the 13 Dendrophorbium species are homogeneous and can be differentiated by aperture shape and dimensions and echinus characteristics.Keywords: CompositaemorphologyPalynologytaxonomyDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Declaration of Competing InterestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.The authors declare that have no conflict of interest.Data availabilityAll data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author.AcknowledgementsV. Esteves and C. B. F. Mendonça are grateful to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the research grant (nos. 304910/2019-8, 31618/2021-9). All authors thank the Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation (FAPERJ) (grant nos. 26.0003/015254/2021 and 260003/015254/2021). We are grateful to the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) and the Post-Graduate Support Program (PROAP) for awarding scholarships. We also thank the herbarium curators for providing access to their collections and the Scanning Microscopy Laboratory, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for conducting the
摘要本文报道了巴西13种石斛属植物(菊科:石斛科)的花粉研究。Dendrophorbium有分布在巴西南部和东南部地区的种，以前被归为Senecio Myriocephalus组，后来将Dendrophorbium提升到属的级别，将Myriocephalus组视为Dendrophorbium的同义词。本研究的目的是提高对该属花粉特征的认识，从而有助于该类群的分类。植物材料来源于国家植物标本馆保存的标本。花蕾被乙酰化用于光镜分析。将花粉沉积物装在甘油明胶载玻片上，在光学显微镜下进行分析。测定了花粉粒的外皮直径和厚度。花粉粒为单形、等极性、中等大小、扁球状至长球状和3合生。大多数种的内孔有中间缩窄，除了在D. pellucidinerve。阴部比内阴部和棘刺粗，在棘刺基部有大的穿孔。外壁呈空泡状。结果表明，13种石斛属植物的花粉粒具有较强的同质性，可通过花粉孔的形状、大小和棘突特征进行区分。关键词:合成词形词类分类免责声明作为对作者和研究人员的服务，我们提供此版本的已接受稿件(AM)。在最终出版版本记录(VoR)之前，将对该手稿进行编辑、排版和审查。在制作和印前，可能会发现可能影响内容的错误，所有适用于期刊的法律免责声明也与这些版本有关。竞争利益声明作者声明，他们没有已知的竞争经济利益或个人关系，可能会影响本文所报道的工作。作者声明没有利益冲突。数据可得性支持本研究结果的所有数据均可从相应作者处获得。Esteves和C. B. F. mendonapera感谢巴西国家科学技术发展委员会(CNPq)的研究资助(no . 304910/2019- 8,31618 /2021-9)。所有作者感谢里约热内卢州研究基金会(FAPERJ)(批准号26.0003/015254/2021和260003/015254/2021)。我们感谢巴西联邦研究生教育支持和评估机构(CAPES)和研究生支持计划(PROAP)颁发奖学金。我们也感谢植物标本馆馆长提供他们的藏品，感谢巴西里约热内卢联邦大学国家博物馆扫描显微镜实验室进行分析。
{"title":"Palynotaxonomy of species of <i>Dendrophorbium</i> (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) occurring in Brazil","authors":"Thayná Rosa Batista Martins, Raquel Maria Batista Souza-Souza, Wellerson Picanço Leite, Roberto Lourenço Esteves, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça, Vania Gonçalves-Esteves","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2262530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2262530","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article presents a pollen study of 13 species of Dendrophorbium (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) occurring in Brazil. Dendrophorbium has species distributed in the South and Southeast regions of the Brazilian territory that were previously grouped in Senecio Myriocephalus sect. and later Dendrophorbium was elevated to the rank of genus, considering the section Myriocephalus as a synonym of Dendrophorbium. The aim of this study is to advance knowledge of the pollen characteristics of the genus and thus contribute to the taxonomy of the group. The botanical material was collected from specimens deposited in national herbaria. Floral buds were acetolysed for light microscopic analysis. Pollen sediments were mounted on slides with glycerinated gelatin and analyzed under a light microscope. Measurements were taken of the diameters and thickness of exine layers of pollen grains. Examination showed pollen grains to be monadic, isopolar, medium-sized, oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal, and 3-colporate. The endoaperture has median constriction in most species, except in D. pellucidinerve. The sexine is thicker than the nexine and echinate, with large perforations at the base of echinae. The exine is caveate. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the pollen grains of the 13 Dendrophorbium species are homogeneous and can be differentiated by aperture shape and dimensions and echinus characteristics.Keywords: CompositaemorphologyPalynologytaxonomyDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Declaration of Competing InterestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.The authors declare that have no conflict of interest.Data availabilityAll data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author.AcknowledgementsV. Esteves and C. B. F. Mendonça are grateful to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the research grant (nos. 304910/2019-8, 31618/2021-9). All authors thank the Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation (FAPERJ) (grant nos. 26.0003/015254/2021 and 260003/015254/2021). We are grateful to the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) and the Post-Graduate Support Program (PROAP) for awarding scholarships. We also thank the herbarium curators for providing access to their collections and the Scanning Microscopy Laboratory, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for conducting the","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2264352
Amjad Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad, Amir Sultan, Zakir Ullah, Khawar Majeed, Tariq Ullah, Muhammad Zafar
ABSTRACTAstragalus L. sect. Aegacantha Bunge has 57 described species mostly confined in Southwest Asia and Central Asia. Here, we studied the pollen morphology of 17 species from this section present in Pakistan. Pollen morphology of sect. Aegacantha species is poorly investigated despite its systematic importance. The main aim of this study is to determine and document the pollen characters that can help in the taxonomic identification of species in this difficult section. Pollen slides were prepared following acetolysis and examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen size varies, with the polar axis ranging from 32.91-43.10 μm and the equatorial axis from 22.91-28.47 μm. The shape of pollen is sub-prolate (1.15-1.33) to prolate (1.34-2.00), small to medium in size, radially symmetrical, isopolar, trizonocolporate to tricolporate and monads. Sculpturing variations (i.e. reticulate, microreticulate, perforate, microperforate, regulate, microregulate and granulate) were observed around the apertural, meridional and polar regions. Ordination (PCA) analysis revealed that the quantitative characters of pollen morphology are the most reliable characters for delimitation of section Aegacantha species. Cluster (UPGMA) analysis shows a partial relationship between the Aegacantha taxa clustered based on pollen characters and supports the general morphology. Further, this study shows that the pollen traits provide a baseline for phylogenetic optimization in the investigated Aegacantha section.KEYWORDS: TaxonomypalynologyphylogenySEM-analysisPCAUPGMAPakistanDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.
{"title":"Contribution to pollen morphology of <i>Astragalus</i> L. section <i>Aegacantha</i> Bunge (Galegeae, Fabaceae) and its systematic significance","authors":"Amjad Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad, Amir Sultan, Zakir Ullah, Khawar Majeed, Tariq Ullah, Muhammad Zafar","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2264352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2264352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAstragalus L. sect. Aegacantha Bunge has 57 described species mostly confined in Southwest Asia and Central Asia. Here, we studied the pollen morphology of 17 species from this section present in Pakistan. Pollen morphology of sect. Aegacantha species is poorly investigated despite its systematic importance. The main aim of this study is to determine and document the pollen characters that can help in the taxonomic identification of species in this difficult section. Pollen slides were prepared following acetolysis and examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen size varies, with the polar axis ranging from 32.91-43.10 μm and the equatorial axis from 22.91-28.47 μm. The shape of pollen is sub-prolate (1.15-1.33) to prolate (1.34-2.00), small to medium in size, radially symmetrical, isopolar, trizonocolporate to tricolporate and monads. Sculpturing variations (i.e. reticulate, microreticulate, perforate, microperforate, regulate, microregulate and granulate) were observed around the apertural, meridional and polar regions. Ordination (PCA) analysis revealed that the quantitative characters of pollen morphology are the most reliable characters for delimitation of section Aegacantha species. Cluster (UPGMA) analysis shows a partial relationship between the Aegacantha taxa clustered based on pollen characters and supports the general morphology. Further, this study shows that the pollen traits provide a baseline for phylogenetic optimization in the investigated Aegacantha section.KEYWORDS: TaxonomypalynologyphylogenySEM-analysisPCAUPGMAPakistanDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2261997
António PereiraCoutinho, Santiago Ortiz, Daniela Cordeiro, Miguel Serrano, Mónica Zuzarte
AbstractThe exine ultrastructure of eighteen species of Anisopappus (Anisopappinae, Athroismeae, Asteraceae) and three species of Duhaldea (Inuleae, Asteraceae) was studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Two ultrastructural patterns were identified: Senecioid and Helianthoid. The Senecioid pattern is characteristic of the species included in the basal clades of the phylogenetic tree of Anisopappus, as published in earlier studies. The Helianthoid pattern is restricted to the taxa placed in the derived clades, including the core group of species of Anisopappus where A. chinensis, the type species, is included. The observed ultrastructural differences seem to suggest that a future splitting of Anisopappus into several different genera should not be disregarded and that the Helianthoid pattern represents, within this genus, the derived condition. The ultrastructure of the exine supports the inclusion, suggested by previous authors, of the species Duhaldea stuhlmannii, but not that of Philyrophyllum schinzii, in Anisopappus. In contrast, the three studied species of Duhaldea (D. cappa, D. nervosa, D. revoluta) present an exine with a Senecioid pattern, which is characteristic of the tribe Inuleae, in which they are included. The ectoaperture, mesoaperture, and endoaperture of all studied Anisopappinae and of Duhaldea, respectively intersect the tectum plus columellae, the foot layer and the outer part of the endexine, and the inner part of the endexine. This feature seems to characterize, in a consistent way, the “Heliantheae alliance”, and is also present in all the studied Asteroideae (excl. Anthemideae), Dicomoideae, and Carduoideae.Keywords: AnisopappusAnisopappinaeDuhaldeaexinemesoaperturespalynotaxonomyultrastructureDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.
摘要利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了18种异角蕨科(异角蕨科，刺尾蕨科)和3种杜鹃科(刺尾蕨科，菊科)的外壁超微结构。发现两种超微结构模式:Senecioid和Helianthoid。在早期的研究中发表的研究结果表明，Senecioid模式是异角猿系统发育树的基础分支中包含的物种的特征。Helianthoid模式仅限于被置于衍生枝中的分类群，包括以模式种中国古猿(A. chinensis)为代表的异距鸟(Anisopappus)核心类群。观察到的超微结构差异似乎表明，不应忽视未来异角猿分裂为几个不同属的可能性，而在这个属中，Helianthoid模式代表了衍生的条件。外壁的超微结构支持了先前作者提出的物种Duhaldea stuhlmannii的包含，而不是Philyrophyllum schinzii的包含。相比之下，所研究的Duhaldea (D. cappa, D. nervosa, D. revoluta)的三个种呈现出具有Senecioid模式的外壁，这是Inuleae部落的特征，它们被包括在其中。所研究的异松科和杜哈尔亚科的外孔、中孔和内孔分别相交于顶盖加小柱、足部与叶尖外侧和叶尖内侧。这一特征似乎是“Heliantheae联盟”的一贯特征，也存在于所有研究的Asteroideae(不包括Anthemideae)、Dicomoideae和Carduoideae中。关键词:异角蝶，异角蝶，duhaldeexineme, esoaperture, respalyno, taxonomy，超微结构免责声明作为对作者和研究人员的服务，我们提供这个版本的接受稿件(AM)。在最终出版版本记录(VoR)之前，将对该手稿进行编辑、排版和审查。在制作和印前，可能会发现可能影响内容的错误，所有适用于期刊的法律免责声明也与这些版本有关。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2260457
Somayeh Karami, Massoud Ranjbar
ABSTRACTOur study focused on the pollen morphology of 13 Matthiola species and the closely related genus Dvorakia. We used light and scanning electron microscopes to examine the importance of pollen characteristics in classifying these genera. Pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, photographed, and described based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Here, we present statistical analyses and multivariate statistics for quantitative data. Pollen in both genera is tricolpate and varies in shape from subprolate to prolate. We distinguish two pollen types based on lumen width. Matthiola pollen has both reticulate and macroreticulate ornamentation, while Dvorakia alyssifolia pollen is reticulate. The thickness of the exine and the width of the mesocolpium are important traits in addition to exine ornamentation. Iranian Dvorakia and Matthiola species' pollen size can be divided into four types, one of which is Type I (Dvorakia alyssifolia-type). Among the examined species, M. tomentosa has the smallest pollen grains, while D. alyssifolia has the biggest grains. Pollen morphology confirms the transfer of D. alyssifolia from Matthiola to Dvorakia. Additionally, we propose a species key for the genera.KEYWORDS: palynologyscanning electron microscopic studytaxonomytricolpateDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.
{"title":"Pollen morphology of <i>Matthiola</i> and the related genus <i>Dvorakia</i> (Brassicaceae) in Iran","authors":"Somayeh Karami, Massoud Ranjbar","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2260457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2260457","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTOur study focused on the pollen morphology of 13 Matthiola species and the closely related genus Dvorakia. We used light and scanning electron microscopes to examine the importance of pollen characteristics in classifying these genera. Pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, photographed, and described based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Here, we present statistical analyses and multivariate statistics for quantitative data. Pollen in both genera is tricolpate and varies in shape from subprolate to prolate. We distinguish two pollen types based on lumen width. Matthiola pollen has both reticulate and macroreticulate ornamentation, while Dvorakia alyssifolia pollen is reticulate. The thickness of the exine and the width of the mesocolpium are important traits in addition to exine ornamentation. Iranian Dvorakia and Matthiola species' pollen size can be divided into four types, one of which is Type I (Dvorakia alyssifolia-type). Among the examined species, M. tomentosa has the smallest pollen grains, while D. alyssifolia has the biggest grains. Pollen morphology confirms the transfer of D. alyssifolia from Matthiola to Dvorakia. Additionally, we propose a species key for the genera.KEYWORDS: palynologyscanning electron microscopic studytaxonomytricolpateDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2260437
Kevin J. Edwards, Pia Östensson
ABSTRACTIn 1937, the Swedish palynologist Gunnar Erdtman (1897–1973) mounted two adapted vacuum cleaners atop an ocean-going liner and set out to obtain air samples as he crossed the Atlantic Ocean. The devices were able to capture samples of airborne pollen which were related to air volume and distance from land. The results of this investigation are still cited in the scientific literature, but a study of some overlooked publications demonstrates that the ocean study had land-based antecedents. Furthermore, archival investigation reveals the background to such studies, including the technical plans for Erdtman’s ‘aerosol collector’, records of raw data from the voyage, draft portions of the key publication, photographs and the precise location of the land-based equipment. A storage loft in the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm has been found to house the surviving aerosol collector.KEYWORDS: Gunnar Erdtmanarchiveslong distance pollen rainNorth Atlantic Oceanvacuum cleaneraerosol collectorhistory of scienceDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Additional informationNotes on contributorsKevin J. Edwards KEVIN J. EDWARDS holds degrees from the Universities of St Andrews (MA, DSc) and Aberdeen (PhD). He is Emeritus Professor in physical geography and adjunct chair in archaeology in the University of Aberdeen, adjunct professor in the Graduate Center, City University of New York, and, at the University of Cambridge, Fellow Commoner of Clare Hall, Senior Fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research and Emeritus Associate of the Scott Polar Research Institute. He has held academic posts and visiting research positions in a number of universities including those of Queen’s Belfast, Birmingham, Sheffield, Minnesota, Copenhagen and Oxford. A palynologist with a strong involvement in multidisciplinary Quaternary science, his interests include human-environment interactions during Lateglacial and Holocene times in Britain and Ireland, Norse impacts upon the landscapes of the North Atlantic region, methodology, and the history of science.Pia Östensson PIA ÖSTENSSON is curator of the Palynological Laboratory in the Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History) in Stockholm. A graduate in biology (plant systematics) from Stockholm University, she administers the pollen monitoring network for central Sweden and has extensive experience of aerobiology and forecasting based on airborne pollen sampling, plant phenology, and long distance palynomorph transport. Her
1937年，瑞典孢粉学家Gunnar Erdtman(1897-1973)在一艘远洋客轮上安装了两台经过改装的真空吸尘器，开始在横渡大西洋时采集空气样本。该装置能够捕获空气中花粉的样本，这些样本与空气量和与陆地的距离有关。这项调查的结果仍然在科学文献中被引用，但对一些被忽视的出版物的研究表明，海洋研究有陆地研究的先例。此外，档案调查揭示了这些研究的背景，包括厄德特曼“气溶胶收集器”的技术计划、航行原始数据的记录、关键出版物的草稿部分、照片和陆基设备的精确位置。人们在斯德哥尔摩的瑞典自然历史博物馆找到了一个储藏阁楼，用来存放现存的气溶胶收集器。关键词:Gunnar erdtmanarchives远距离花粉雨北大西洋海洋真空吸尘器气溶胶收集器科学史免责声明作为对作者和研究人员的服务，我们提供此版本的接受稿件(AM)。在最终出版版本记录(VoR)之前，将对该手稿进行编辑、排版和审查。在制作和印前，可能会发现可能影响内容的错误，所有适用于期刊的法律免责声明也与这些版本有关。KEVIN J. Edwards拥有圣安德鲁斯大学(MA, DSc)和阿伯丁大学(博士)学位。他是阿伯丁大学自然地理学名誉教授和考古学兼职主席，纽约城市大学研究生中心兼职教授，剑桥大学克莱尔·霍尔研究员，麦克唐纳考古研究所高级研究员和斯科特极地研究所名誉副研究员。他曾在贝尔法斯特女王大学、伯明翰大学、谢菲尔德大学、明尼苏达大学、哥本哈根大学和牛津大学等多所大学担任学术职位和访问研究职位。作为一名孢粉学家，他对多学科的第四纪科学有着浓厚的兴趣，他的兴趣包括英国和爱尔兰冰川和全新世时期人类与环境的相互作用，北欧人对北大西洋地区景观的影响，方法论和科学史。Pia Östensson Pia ÖSTENSSON是斯德哥尔摩自然历史博物馆环境研究和监测部门孢粉实验室的馆长。她毕业于斯德哥尔摩大学生物学(植物系统学)专业，负责管理瑞典中部的花粉监测网络，并在空气生物学和基于空气花粉采样、植物物候学和长距离花粉形态运输的预测方面拥有丰富的经验。她之前的职位包括在斯德哥尔摩大学教授植物学，科学顾问，以及在瑞典国立自然历史博物馆植物观察系林奈植物标本馆担任高级助理。她是植物学家，也是《激情系统:linn och drömmen》一书的插画家。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2254364
Amira Celeste Chalabe, Daniela Elizabeth Olivera, Marcelo Adrián Martínez, Carlos Zavala
AbstractThe palynological (palynostratigraphical/palynofacies) analysis of samples from the Middle Jurassic outcrop at the Quebrada Álvarez section located in the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina, allowed us to begin to evaluate the palaeoecological significance of the recovered palynofloras and their importance in the evolution of these ecosystems, during the transition between the uppermost Cuyo Group and the lowermost Lotena Group. The Lajas Formation, characterised by the palynofacies type A, could be interpreted as tide-modified delta front environment. The high abundance and diversity of the palynomorphs identified in the studied samples, contribute to improve the palynological knowledge of the Challacó Formation (palynofacies type B–F). Considering the palaeoecological requirements of the recognised plant families, relatively humid and warm climate conditions could be inferred during the deposition of this unit. Also, the “seasonally dry (winterwet)” biome (Rees et al. 2000) was interpreted for the first time in the Neuquén Basin. Based on selected key taxa a Late Bathonian–early Callovian age is proposed for the Challacó Formation at the Quebrada Álvarez section. The palynological matter recorded in this unit suggests the development of a lacustrine environment with cycles of relative contraction and expansion of the water body due to fluctuations between relatively dry and wet conditions. The dominance of phytoclasts, mainly opaque particles, and freshwater algae (Botryococcus) in the Bosque Petrificado Formation (palynofacies type G–I) could suggest the development of a freshwater to brackish lacustrine environment. Based on the dominance of the same group of palynomorphs (Chlorophyta algae) in the Challacó and Bosque Petrificado formations, similar palaeoenvironmental conditions would be inferred for these units. From a lithofacies analysis point of view, the Challacó and Bosque Petrificado formations show isopic facies associations in the study locality.Key words: Lajas FormationChallacó FormationBosque Petrificado FormationMiddle JurassicNeuquén BasinArgentinaDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Dr. Rosemary Scoffield for her critical reading of the manuscript. We thank Dr. James Riding (Managing Editor), Dr. Sofie Lindström and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful suggestions which improved the final version of the manuscript. The authors kindly acknowledge to Dr. Germán Otharán and Dr. Ainara Irastorza for the field work and the stratigraphical column.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of i
{"title":"Palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimate of the uppermost Cuyo Group and lowermost Lotena Group at Quebrada Álvarez, Picún Leufú Sub-basin, Patagonia, Argentina: a preliminary study based on palynology","authors":"Amira Celeste Chalabe, Daniela Elizabeth Olivera, Marcelo Adrián Martínez, Carlos Zavala","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2254364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2254364","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe palynological (palynostratigraphical/palynofacies) analysis of samples from the Middle Jurassic outcrop at the Quebrada Álvarez section located in the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina, allowed us to begin to evaluate the palaeoecological significance of the recovered palynofloras and their importance in the evolution of these ecosystems, during the transition between the uppermost Cuyo Group and the lowermost Lotena Group. The Lajas Formation, characterised by the palynofacies type A, could be interpreted as tide-modified delta front environment. The high abundance and diversity of the palynomorphs identified in the studied samples, contribute to improve the palynological knowledge of the Challacó Formation (palynofacies type B–F). Considering the palaeoecological requirements of the recognised plant families, relatively humid and warm climate conditions could be inferred during the deposition of this unit. Also, the “seasonally dry (winterwet)” biome (Rees et al. 2000) was interpreted for the first time in the Neuquén Basin. Based on selected key taxa a Late Bathonian–early Callovian age is proposed for the Challacó Formation at the Quebrada Álvarez section. The palynological matter recorded in this unit suggests the development of a lacustrine environment with cycles of relative contraction and expansion of the water body due to fluctuations between relatively dry and wet conditions. The dominance of phytoclasts, mainly opaque particles, and freshwater algae (Botryococcus) in the Bosque Petrificado Formation (palynofacies type G–I) could suggest the development of a freshwater to brackish lacustrine environment. Based on the dominance of the same group of palynomorphs (Chlorophyta algae) in the Challacó and Bosque Petrificado formations, similar palaeoenvironmental conditions would be inferred for these units. From a lithofacies analysis point of view, the Challacó and Bosque Petrificado formations show isopic facies associations in the study locality.Key words: Lajas FormationChallacó FormationBosque Petrificado FormationMiddle JurassicNeuquén BasinArgentinaDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Dr. Rosemary Scoffield for her critical reading of the manuscript. We thank Dr. James Riding (Managing Editor), Dr. Sofie Lindström and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful suggestions which improved the final version of the manuscript. The authors kindly acknowledge to Dr. Germán Otharán and Dr. Ainara Irastorza for the field work and the stratigraphical column.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of i","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractThe tropical mountainous area of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a hotspot of ecological environment research because of its rich biodiversity. However, limited knowledge regarding modern pollen rain within this area has impeded further investigation research on eco-environmental evolution by using pollen record. Here, we collected 62 modern pollen samples from lowland tropics to the subalpine (740-3550 m a.s.l.) in Medog County, located in the southeastern TP, and performed pollen analysis. Cluster analysis, redundancy analysis, variance partitioning analysis, boosted regression trees were employed to investigate the relationship between pollen and vegetation-climate. Additionally, Hill numbers (N0, N1, N2) and specificity-occupancy plots were utilized to explore plant diversity. The results indicate that modern pollen rain in Medog can reflect well the current characteristics of vegetation, encompassing both primary and secondary features. Pollen of Cyclobalanopsis, Tsuga and Abies, which are dominant components of the primary vegetation above 2100 m a.s.l., can serve as indicator species for palaeovegetation reconstruction. Mean annual precipitation is the most important climatic determinant affecting pollen distribution. Pollen diversity indices reveal that the plant diversity in this study area has a bimodal pattern of “relatively high-low-highest-low” with altitude. The plant diversity above 2100 m a.s.l. is mainly decided by primary vegetation, whereas below 2100 m a.s.l. can be explained by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Furthermore, it is advisable to exercise caution when dealing with arboreal pollen evenness in open mountainous environments due to the increased potential pollen source area caused by valley wind.Keywords: Modern pollen rainvegetation-pollen relationshippollen-climate relationshippollen diversityaltitudinal gradientsoutheastern Tibetan PlateauDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Declaration of InterestsThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to Zhao Wenqian and Li Mingjia for help with fieldwork. We also thank two anonymous reviewers who gave us important advice that let us improve the manuscript’s quality. This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0801101) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42077424, 42277446).
{"title":"The vertical distribution of modern pollen in the southeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"Changting Chi, Xiayun Xiao, Jianjun Wang, Rui Ke, Baoyan Jia","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2258941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2258941","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe tropical mountainous area of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a hotspot of ecological environment research because of its rich biodiversity. However, limited knowledge regarding modern pollen rain within this area has impeded further investigation research on eco-environmental evolution by using pollen record. Here, we collected 62 modern pollen samples from lowland tropics to the subalpine (740-3550 m a.s.l.) in Medog County, located in the southeastern TP, and performed pollen analysis. Cluster analysis, redundancy analysis, variance partitioning analysis, boosted regression trees were employed to investigate the relationship between pollen and vegetation-climate. Additionally, Hill numbers (N0, N1, N2) and specificity-occupancy plots were utilized to explore plant diversity. The results indicate that modern pollen rain in Medog can reflect well the current characteristics of vegetation, encompassing both primary and secondary features. Pollen of Cyclobalanopsis, Tsuga and Abies, which are dominant components of the primary vegetation above 2100 m a.s.l., can serve as indicator species for palaeovegetation reconstruction. Mean annual precipitation is the most important climatic determinant affecting pollen distribution. Pollen diversity indices reveal that the plant diversity in this study area has a bimodal pattern of “relatively high-low-highest-low” with altitude. The plant diversity above 2100 m a.s.l. is mainly decided by primary vegetation, whereas below 2100 m a.s.l. can be explained by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Furthermore, it is advisable to exercise caution when dealing with arboreal pollen evenness in open mountainous environments due to the increased potential pollen source area caused by valley wind.Keywords: Modern pollen rainvegetation-pollen relationshippollen-climate relationshippollen diversityaltitudinal gradientsoutheastern Tibetan PlateauDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. Declaration of InterestsThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to Zhao Wenqian and Li Mingjia for help with fieldwork. We also thank two anonymous reviewers who gave us important advice that let us improve the manuscript’s quality. This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0801101) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42077424, 42277446).","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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