Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2189319
F. Esposito, L. N. Morgado, T. Nunes, C. Rego, Francisco M. Fernandes, M. Boieiro
ABSTRACT This study presents the first palynological characterisation of the five endemic plant genera of the Madeira archipelago: Chamaemeles Lindl, Melanoselinum Hoffm., Monizia Lowe, Musschia Dumort and Sinapidendron Lowe. Pollen grain morphology of ten endemic species was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The size and shape of pollen grains, the polar axis, the equatorial diameter, and the exine ornamentation were measured and described. We found that the pollen grains of the five endemic genera are all medium-size monads. The close relative apiaceous Melanoselinum and Monizia differ in polar (P) and equatorial (E) diameter size and exine ornamentation while Sinapidendron species show differences in P, E, and P/E ratios. The pollen grains of the two Musschia species are very similar to each other, but differ in morphology and ornamentation from the Macaronesian endemic bellflowers Azorina vidalii and Canarina canariensis. This study unveiled differences between the endemic taxa and with their close related species, thus providing support to previous taxonomic findings.
{"title":"Pollen Morphology of the Endemic Genera of the Madeira Archipelago, Portugal","authors":"F. Esposito, L. N. Morgado, T. Nunes, C. Rego, Francisco M. Fernandes, M. Boieiro","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2189319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2189319","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study presents the first palynological characterisation of the five endemic plant genera of the Madeira archipelago: Chamaemeles Lindl, Melanoselinum Hoffm., Monizia Lowe, Musschia Dumort and Sinapidendron Lowe. Pollen grain morphology of ten endemic species was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The size and shape of pollen grains, the polar axis, the equatorial diameter, and the exine ornamentation were measured and described. We found that the pollen grains of the five endemic genera are all medium-size monads. The close relative apiaceous Melanoselinum and Monizia differ in polar (P) and equatorial (E) diameter size and exine ornamentation while Sinapidendron species show differences in P, E, and P/E ratios. The pollen grains of the two Musschia species are very similar to each other, but differ in morphology and ornamentation from the Macaronesian endemic bellflowers Azorina vidalii and Canarina canariensis. This study unveiled differences between the endemic taxa and with their close related species, thus providing support to previous taxonomic findings.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46770526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2191257
H. Hooghiemstra
Long continental pollen records (LCPRs) form a remarkable aspect of palynological research. They are rare, mostly collected in multiple coring sessions, due to time constraints they often do not reach the sample resolution anticipated, train the international audience to accept regularly improved age models, and show exciting histories of how ecosystems responded to Quaternary ice-age cycles. LCPRs also offer marine, and icecore studies a framework to explore how marine, ice and land ecosystems are responding to climate change in a mutual interaction. The decennia needed to complete such record is bizarre resulting in pollen records do not match in time with fast results from proxies with automatized procedures. Unfortunately, the development of long pollen records is in practice restricted to palynologists with a long research horizon. New applications of LCPRs have been explored in mountain areas. Sample-resolution steps through the last million years show how the surface of north Andean high mountain vegetation (p aramo) dramatically and repeatedly changed in surface, hinting at evolutionary processes.
{"title":"Making a Long Continental Pollen Record, a Fabulous and Bizarre Enterprise: A 50-year Retrospective","authors":"H. Hooghiemstra","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2191257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2191257","url":null,"abstract":"Long continental pollen records (LCPRs) form a remarkable aspect of palynological research. They are rare, mostly collected in multiple coring sessions, due to time constraints they often do not reach the sample resolution anticipated, train the international audience to accept regularly improved age models, and show exciting histories of how ecosystems responded to Quaternary ice-age cycles. LCPRs also offer marine, and icecore studies a framework to explore how marine, ice and land ecosystems are responding to climate change in a mutual interaction. The decennia needed to complete such record is bizarre resulting in pollen records do not match in time with fast results from proxies with automatized procedures. Unfortunately, the development of long pollen records is in practice restricted to palynologists with a long research horizon. New applications of LCPRs have been explored in mountain areas. Sample-resolution steps through the last million years show how the surface of north Andean high mountain vegetation (p aramo) dramatically and repeatedly changed in surface, hinting at evolutionary processes.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43964694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2179679
N. Ndlovu, F. Neumann, M. Henley, R. Cook, C. Reynolds
ABSTRACT In melissopalynological studies, the investigation of pollen composition in honey samples reveals the geographical and botanical origin of the samples and links them to the regional climatic conditions. Honeybees (Apis mellifera), collect pollen and nectar for their nutritional requirements based on the seasonal availability of surrounding flora. In this study, pollen content in honey was temporarily investigated for seasonal differences of the bee foraged plants. A melissopalynological investigation was applied to honey samples harvested from 13 beehives located in the Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. Multivariate statistics (NMDS and Rarefaction curves) were used to show spatial and temporal clustering of the samples. The melissopalynological data were then compared to the species' flowering season and a botanical survey of the surrounding area. The turnover in pollen composition for different seasons signifies seasonal variation in pollen types. For example, during summer, bees foraged from fewer floral sources. The highest species richness was observed during winter, suggesting a higher dependence on a diversity of floral resources during the driest months. Various seasonal pollen spectra were characterised by a pollen turnover from numerous species, including Combretum type, Sclerocarya birrea, Poaceae, Harpephyllum caffrum and Lannea schweinfurthii but also neophytes such as Medicago sativa. Therefore, honey samples from the Lowveld region in South Africa reflected the seasonal patterns of the surrounding flora although pollen from taxa such as Combretum spp. (average 56%) and Sclerocarya birrea (average 14%) were continuously sought after by bees throughout the year.
{"title":"Melissopalynological Investigations of Seasonal Honey Samples from the Greater Kruger National Park, Savanna Biome of South Africa","authors":"N. Ndlovu, F. Neumann, M. Henley, R. Cook, C. Reynolds","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2179679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2179679","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In melissopalynological studies, the investigation of pollen composition in honey samples reveals the geographical and botanical origin of the samples and links them to the regional climatic conditions. Honeybees (Apis mellifera), collect pollen and nectar for their nutritional requirements based on the seasonal availability of surrounding flora. In this study, pollen content in honey was temporarily investigated for seasonal differences of the bee foraged plants. A melissopalynological investigation was applied to honey samples harvested from 13 beehives located in the Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. Multivariate statistics (NMDS and Rarefaction curves) were used to show spatial and temporal clustering of the samples. The melissopalynological data were then compared to the species' flowering season and a botanical survey of the surrounding area. The turnover in pollen composition for different seasons signifies seasonal variation in pollen types. For example, during summer, bees foraged from fewer floral sources. The highest species richness was observed during winter, suggesting a higher dependence on a diversity of floral resources during the driest months. Various seasonal pollen spectra were characterised by a pollen turnover from numerous species, including Combretum type, Sclerocarya birrea, Poaceae, Harpephyllum caffrum and Lannea schweinfurthii but also neophytes such as Medicago sativa. Therefore, honey samples from the Lowveld region in South Africa reflected the seasonal patterns of the surrounding flora although pollen from taxa such as Combretum spp. (average 56%) and Sclerocarya birrea (average 14%) were continuously sought after by bees throughout the year.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44909143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2180100
Marcos Gonçalves Ferreira, Francisco Cildomar da Silva Correia, R. C. Peruquetti, F. R. C. Silva
Abstract The botanical origin and seasonal variation of pollen collected by Tetragonisca weyrauchi were studied by means of palynology (pollen identification). The study was carried out between August 2016 and July 2017 with a hive introduced in a house garden in an urban area (09° 56′ 38.7″ S; 67° 52′ 42.9″ W) near the campus of the Federal University of Acre (UFAC). In total, we identified 87 pollen types from 31 botanical families, with the most representative ones being: Alismataceae, Amaranthaceae, Arecaceae, Boraginaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Urticaceae, all displaying percentages above 10%. The pollen types Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae), Cecropia (Urticaceae) and Cordia sellowiana (Boraginaceae) obtained relative abundances above 90% and are therefore considered events of temporary specialization. The lowest diversity and evenness values were found for July (H′ = 0.127; J′ = 0.071) and August (H′ = 0.070; J′ = 0.043), and the highest values for October (H′ = 2.025; J′ = 0.715) and April (H′ = 1.941; J′ = 0.611), thus not suggesting relationships with the rainy (November–April) or dry (May–October) periods. Furthermore, there was no preference by the bees for morphological characteristics of the pollen such as size, exine texture or aperture number. However, the most representative grains are among the small and medium size, reinforcing the hypothesis that this bee species prefers small flowers available in dense inflorescences.
{"title":"Botanical origin and seasonal variation in pollen collected by Tetragonisca weyrauchi (Apidae: Meliponini) in an urban area of Rio Branco, State of Acre, Brazil","authors":"Marcos Gonçalves Ferreira, Francisco Cildomar da Silva Correia, R. C. Peruquetti, F. R. C. Silva","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2180100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2180100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The botanical origin and seasonal variation of pollen collected by Tetragonisca weyrauchi were studied by means of palynology (pollen identification). The study was carried out between August 2016 and July 2017 with a hive introduced in a house garden in an urban area (09° 56′ 38.7″ S; 67° 52′ 42.9″ W) near the campus of the Federal University of Acre (UFAC). In total, we identified 87 pollen types from 31 botanical families, with the most representative ones being: Alismataceae, Amaranthaceae, Arecaceae, Boraginaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Urticaceae, all displaying percentages above 10%. The pollen types Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae), Cecropia (Urticaceae) and Cordia sellowiana (Boraginaceae) obtained relative abundances above 90% and are therefore considered events of temporary specialization. The lowest diversity and evenness values were found for July (H′ = 0.127; J′ = 0.071) and August (H′ = 0.070; J′ = 0.043), and the highest values for October (H′ = 2.025; J′ = 0.715) and April (H′ = 1.941; J′ = 0.611), thus not suggesting relationships with the rainy (November–April) or dry (May–October) periods. Furthermore, there was no preference by the bees for morphological characteristics of the pollen such as size, exine texture or aperture number. However, the most representative grains are among the small and medium size, reinforcing the hypothesis that this bee species prefers small flowers available in dense inflorescences.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2175064
A. A. L. Pimentel, V. H. Abreu, C. Krug, I. Miranda
ABSTRACT Bees of the genus Melipona found in the Amazon are investigated given their ecological, sociocultural and economic importance. The objective of this work was to analyze the scientific literature to recognize patterns in the richness of pollen types foraged by Melipona, comparing four methodological approaches. In the literature review, two databases were consulted: Web of Science (WoS) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). A record of 18 Melipona species investigated in 23 studies was found. These foraged 498 pollen types distributed in 88 botanical families. Many factors affect this richness. The main factor is the sampling time, which can influence other decisions. The highest richness estimates were found in the 12 month studies. The differences between the vegetation types reflect the patterns of diversity naturally found between them. Material from the meliponaries and bee corbels will result in a greater diversity of pollen types. Although there has been an increase in Melipona studies in the Amazon more effort is needed to fill the gaps in this vast territory.
摘要:研究了亚马逊河流域蜜蜂属的生态、社会文化和经济重要性。本研究的目的是分析科学文献，以识别蜜梨草采集花粉类型丰富度的规律，并比较四种方法。在文献综述中，参考了两个数据库:Web of Science (WoS)和Science Electronic Library Online (SciELO)。在23项研究中发现了18种貂鱼的记录。这498种花粉类型分布在88个植物科。影响这种丰富性的因素很多。主要因素是采样时间，它会影响其他决策。在12个月的研究中发现了最高的丰富度估计值。植被类型之间的差异反映了它们之间自然存在的多样性格局。来自蜂冠和蜂冠的物质将导致花粉类型的更大多样性。尽管在亚马逊地区进行的梅利波纳研究有所增加，但要填补这片广袤土地上的空白，还需要付出更多的努力。
{"title":"A Review of Pollen Types Foraged By Melipona in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"A. A. L. Pimentel, V. H. Abreu, C. Krug, I. Miranda","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2175064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2175064","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bees of the genus Melipona found in the Amazon are investigated given their ecological, sociocultural and economic importance. The objective of this work was to analyze the scientific literature to recognize patterns in the richness of pollen types foraged by Melipona, comparing four methodological approaches. In the literature review, two databases were consulted: Web of Science (WoS) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). A record of 18 Melipona species investigated in 23 studies was found. These foraged 498 pollen types distributed in 88 botanical families. Many factors affect this richness. The main factor is the sampling time, which can influence other decisions. The highest richness estimates were found in the 12 month studies. The differences between the vegetation types reflect the patterns of diversity naturally found between them. Material from the meliponaries and bee corbels will result in a greater diversity of pollen types. Although there has been an increase in Melipona studies in the Amazon more effort is needed to fill the gaps in this vast territory.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43049584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2023.2165550
M. Kürşat
ABSTRACT The current study's objective is to infer the specific pollen morphologies of 27 different Euphorbia L. Turkish taxa were cultivated using LM and SEM. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) is developed and cluster analysis is used to examine similarity grouping in this study. The results of the current study showed that tricolporate pollen grains are present in 24 different taxa of Euphorbia, whereas three other taxa E. denticulate, E. esula subsp. tommassiniana, and E. orientalis have tricolpate and tricolporate pollen grains. The results of this study also revealed that pollen grains frequently have a perforated pattern. The use of ornamentations with reticulate- and rugulate-perforate surfaces has also been discovered. The current study revealed that six taxa of Euphorbia have prolate-spheroidal pollen shapes, while 20 of the 27 Euphorbia under study have oblate-spheroidal pollen shapes. But only the pollen of E. grisophylla, 1 of the 27 tested Euphorbia taxa, has a subprolate shape. On the other hand, the PCA results explained 92.16% of the variation, and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram identified four taxonomic groupings, as follows: t es 1–4
摘要本研究的目的是利用LM和SEM分析27个不同土耳其大胡属(Euphorbia L. Turkish)类群的花粉形态。此外，本研究还发展了主成分分析(PCA)，并使用聚类分析来检验相似性分组。结果表明，在大戟属植物的24个分类群中存在三聚体花粉粒，而在大戟属植物的3个分类群中存在小齿花粉粒。和东方菊的花粉粒为三柱体和三柱体。本研究结果还揭示了花粉粒经常具有穿孔模式。使用网状和规则穿孔表面的装饰也被发现。本研究发现，大戟属植物中有6个类群花粉形态为长球状，而27个类群中有20个类群花粉形态为扁球状。但是，在27个大戟属分类群中，只有1个大戟属(E. grisophylla)的花粉具有近长形。另一方面，PCA结果解释了92.16%的变异，UPGMA树形图的非加权对群法(unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, UPGMA)鉴定出4个分类类群，分别为:1 ~ 4
{"title":"Pollen Morphology of Some Euphorbia Taxa and Its Systematic Significance","authors":"M. Kürşat","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2023.2165550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2023.2165550","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study's objective is to infer the specific pollen morphologies of 27 different Euphorbia L. Turkish taxa were cultivated using LM and SEM. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) is developed and cluster analysis is used to examine similarity grouping in this study. The results of the current study showed that tricolporate pollen grains are present in 24 different taxa of Euphorbia, whereas three other taxa E. denticulate, E. esula subsp. tommassiniana, and E. orientalis have tricolpate and tricolporate pollen grains. The results of this study also revealed that pollen grains frequently have a perforated pattern. The use of ornamentations with reticulate- and rugulate-perforate surfaces has also been discovered. The current study revealed that six taxa of Euphorbia have prolate-spheroidal pollen shapes, while 20 of the 27 Euphorbia under study have oblate-spheroidal pollen shapes. But only the pollen of E. grisophylla, 1 of the 27 tested Euphorbia taxa, has a subprolate shape. On the other hand, the PCA results explained 92.16% of the variation, and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram identified four taxonomic groupings, as follows: t es 1–4","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43005431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2163517
Zhiyong Zhang, Dongmei Cheng, Dajun Xie, Zetian Liu, Jian Ni, A. Sun, Yiming Cui, Zhongxin Duan, Qiqi Li
ABSTRACT Previous studies have discovered arboreal pollen in non-forested areas on the Tibetan Plateau, which are mostly anemophilous type and regarded as a result of the Asian summer monsoon. However, the relationship between the spatial distribution of wind-pollinated pollen and monsoon has seldom been illustrated quantitatively. Here, we used 676 surface samples (647 compiled, 29 new samples) to examine the characteristics of the spatial distribution patterns of 13 anemophilous pollen taxa on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, by employing the spatial interpolation technique. Then, we quantified the correlation between the distributions of these taxa and monsoon wind via Mantel test. The results show that the anemophilous pollen represents at least half percentage of the total pollen assemblages in most areas of the study region. Anemophilous tree pollen mainly distributes in the south and southeastern part, while anemophilous non-tree pollen does in the opposite and perpendicular direction. The distributional pattern of non-anemophilous pollen reflects that their corresponding plants most likely constitute the understory components of different forests or the minorities of non-forests communities. Mantel tests indicate that the anemophilous tree pollen has a highest correlation with the Asian summer monsoon. Anemophilous pollen, overall pollen assemblages and anemophilous pollen with air sacs have higher correlations with summer monsoon. Contrarily, non-anemophilous pollen has relatively weak correlation. Furthermore, we found that the relationships between various pollen groups or separate taxa and the Asian summer monsoon are dependent on sample types. The lake sediment surface samples had the strongest signal of the Asian summer monsoon among the different sample types. Our findings provide the strong evidence of the Asian summer monsoon influencing the pollen distribution patterns. More importantly, the quantification of this correlation between anemophilous tree pollen and the Asian summer monsoon offers the fundamentally theoretical basis of reconstructing paleo-monsoon by the proxy of windborne pollen taxa.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Anemophilous Pollen and Its Correlation with the Asian Summer Monsoon on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Zhiyong Zhang, Dongmei Cheng, Dajun Xie, Zetian Liu, Jian Ni, A. Sun, Yiming Cui, Zhongxin Duan, Qiqi Li","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2163517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2163517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous studies have discovered arboreal pollen in non-forested areas on the Tibetan Plateau, which are mostly anemophilous type and regarded as a result of the Asian summer monsoon. However, the relationship between the spatial distribution of wind-pollinated pollen and monsoon has seldom been illustrated quantitatively. Here, we used 676 surface samples (647 compiled, 29 new samples) to examine the characteristics of the spatial distribution patterns of 13 anemophilous pollen taxa on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, by employing the spatial interpolation technique. Then, we quantified the correlation between the distributions of these taxa and monsoon wind via Mantel test. The results show that the anemophilous pollen represents at least half percentage of the total pollen assemblages in most areas of the study region. Anemophilous tree pollen mainly distributes in the south and southeastern part, while anemophilous non-tree pollen does in the opposite and perpendicular direction. The distributional pattern of non-anemophilous pollen reflects that their corresponding plants most likely constitute the understory components of different forests or the minorities of non-forests communities. Mantel tests indicate that the anemophilous tree pollen has a highest correlation with the Asian summer monsoon. Anemophilous pollen, overall pollen assemblages and anemophilous pollen with air sacs have higher correlations with summer monsoon. Contrarily, non-anemophilous pollen has relatively weak correlation. Furthermore, we found that the relationships between various pollen groups or separate taxa and the Asian summer monsoon are dependent on sample types. The lake sediment surface samples had the strongest signal of the Asian summer monsoon among the different sample types. Our findings provide the strong evidence of the Asian summer monsoon influencing the pollen distribution patterns. More importantly, the quantification of this correlation between anemophilous tree pollen and the Asian summer monsoon offers the fundamentally theoretical basis of reconstructing paleo-monsoon by the proxy of windborne pollen taxa.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44629182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2163315
Paloma Gaspar Torrati-Guioti, Talita Kely Bellonzi, E. Gasparino
ABSTRACT Forest fragments in the Cerrado are areas of prominent biological importance due to their great species richness and biodiversity. These areas host endemic species of Celastraceae, the knowledge of which contributes to the preservation of this biome. This study aims to characterize the pollen morphology of 10 native species of Celastraceae found in forest fragments in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, contributing to the knowledge of the taxa for future taxonomic studies, and providing data for the conservation of the species in the forest areas. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described qualitatively and illustrated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen characters referring to the pollen unit, polarity, type and number of apertures are similar in all the species studied. The shape, amb and exine ornamentation of pollen grains are the diagnostic qualitative morphological data for Celastraceae in this study. Microreticulate pollen grains were observed in Celastrus, Hippocratea and Pristimera; reticulate pollen grains with a very thick exine characterize the analyzed species of Plenckia; and reticulate and microreticulate ornamentation was observed among the species of Monteverdia. The results obtained here allow us to distinguish species of the analyzed genera and confirm the pollen diversity previously reported for Celastraceae.
{"title":"Contribution to Celastraceae Palynology from Cerrado Forest Fragments: A Focus on Shape, Amb and Exine Ornamentation","authors":"Paloma Gaspar Torrati-Guioti, Talita Kely Bellonzi, E. Gasparino","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2163315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2163315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forest fragments in the Cerrado are areas of prominent biological importance due to their great species richness and biodiversity. These areas host endemic species of Celastraceae, the knowledge of which contributes to the preservation of this biome. This study aims to characterize the pollen morphology of 10 native species of Celastraceae found in forest fragments in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, contributing to the knowledge of the taxa for future taxonomic studies, and providing data for the conservation of the species in the forest areas. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described qualitatively and illustrated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen characters referring to the pollen unit, polarity, type and number of apertures are similar in all the species studied. The shape, amb and exine ornamentation of pollen grains are the diagnostic qualitative morphological data for Celastraceae in this study. Microreticulate pollen grains were observed in Celastrus, Hippocratea and Pristimera; reticulate pollen grains with a very thick exine characterize the analyzed species of Plenckia; and reticulate and microreticulate ornamentation was observed among the species of Monteverdia. The results obtained here allow us to distinguish species of the analyzed genera and confirm the pollen diversity previously reported for Celastraceae.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47306659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2158956
Curtis R. Klug
ABSTRACT A method for the relatively fast, inexpensive, and safe dissolution of rock gypsum and rock anhydrite for the recovery of palynomorphs is described. Rock gypsum and rock anhydrite deposits are widely distributed geographically and throughout the geologic column. They represent deposition under environmental conditions unlike those of most other rock types. Consequently, palynomorphs and other microfossils recovered from these rocks may present unique paleontological and biostratigraphic insights not provided by other strata. Despite their relatively high solubility, rock gypsum and rock anhydrite tend to be difficult to process and do not yield to typical palynological methods. Consequently, potentially important sequences of sulfate rocks may be largely neglected in palynological investigations. The method described herein utilizes gently boiling dilute (10%) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and will completely dissolve 25 grams of rock gypsum in approximately 1.5hours. Rock anhydrite can be similarly treated but takes substantially longer than gypsum to completely dissolve. Important aspects of the process include boiling HCl at or near 102°C, a beaker without a pouring spout but with a loose-fitting cover to reduce evaporation, and quenching of the hot solution in cool, filtered water to prevent reprecipitation of the dissolved calcium sulfate. The size of the rock fragments treated by this process also appears to be of importance with larger pieces of gypsum but smaller pieces of anhydrite producing the best results. Palynomorphs recovered by this method show no apparent deterioration of the exines. In addition to palynomorphs (spores, pollen, dinoflagellates, etc.), the method also resulted in the recovery of other acid insoluble fossils such as foraminiferal test linings, scolecodonts, arthropod fragments and diatoms as well as amorphous inorganic material and acid insoluble minerals. The method is also safe as long as appropriate precautions are taken.
{"title":"A Simple Method for the Recovery of Palynomorphs from Rock Gypsum and Rock Anhydrite","authors":"Curtis R. Klug","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2158956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2158956","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A method for the relatively fast, inexpensive, and safe dissolution of rock gypsum and rock anhydrite for the recovery of palynomorphs is described. Rock gypsum and rock anhydrite deposits are widely distributed geographically and throughout the geologic column. They represent deposition under environmental conditions unlike those of most other rock types. Consequently, palynomorphs and other microfossils recovered from these rocks may present unique paleontological and biostratigraphic insights not provided by other strata. Despite their relatively high solubility, rock gypsum and rock anhydrite tend to be difficult to process and do not yield to typical palynological methods. Consequently, potentially important sequences of sulfate rocks may be largely neglected in palynological investigations. The method described herein utilizes gently boiling dilute (10%) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and will completely dissolve 25 grams of rock gypsum in approximately 1.5hours. Rock anhydrite can be similarly treated but takes substantially longer than gypsum to completely dissolve. Important aspects of the process include boiling HCl at or near 102°C, a beaker without a pouring spout but with a loose-fitting cover to reduce evaporation, and quenching of the hot solution in cool, filtered water to prevent reprecipitation of the dissolved calcium sulfate. The size of the rock fragments treated by this process also appears to be of importance with larger pieces of gypsum but smaller pieces of anhydrite producing the best results. Palynomorphs recovered by this method show no apparent deterioration of the exines. In addition to palynomorphs (spores, pollen, dinoflagellates, etc.), the method also resulted in the recovery of other acid insoluble fossils such as foraminiferal test linings, scolecodonts, arthropod fragments and diatoms as well as amorphous inorganic material and acid insoluble minerals. The method is also safe as long as appropriate precautions are taken.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45579911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2157504
Long Shan, T. Harvey, Kui Yan, Jun Li, Yuandong Zhang, T. Servais
ABSTRACT New palynological studies from the Xiaoyangqiao section (Jilin Province, north-east China), which has been selected as an Auxiliary Boundary Stratigraphic Section and Point (ASSP) for the base of the Ordovician, confirms the presence of Goniomorpha Yin 1986 in intervals ranging from the late Cambrian (Furongian) to the Early Ordovician (Tremadocian), and allow us to clarify its morphology and affinities. Despite being compared originally to vesicular microfossils with processes arising from one pole, Goniomorpha lacks an enclosed cavity, so it cannot be classified as an acritarch in the strict sense. Instead, we find that the specimens originally described as Goniomorpha are actually part of a wider spectrum of morphologies that are identifiable as the pharyngeal teeth of priapulid worms. The best-preserved specimens resolve the ‘processes’ as denticles arising from an arch on the margins of a cuticular pad, sometimes with an extending spur and polygonal microstructure. Closely equivalent forms have been reported from Cambrian assemblages of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) and in situ on Burgess Shale specimens of the priapulid Ottoia. The findings from the Xiaoyangqiao section extend the taphonomic range of Cambrian-type SCFs into the Ordovician, and provide the first evidence for priapulids from the Ordovician of northern China. More generally, our results demonstrate the reciprocal insights from palynological and SCF-type processing for identifying problematic microfossils.
{"title":"Palynological Recovery of Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) Indicates That the Late Cambrian Acritarch Goniomorpha Yin 1986 Represents the Teeth of a Priapulid Worm","authors":"Long Shan, T. Harvey, Kui Yan, Jun Li, Yuandong Zhang, T. Servais","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2157504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2157504","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New palynological studies from the Xiaoyangqiao section (Jilin Province, north-east China), which has been selected as an Auxiliary Boundary Stratigraphic Section and Point (ASSP) for the base of the Ordovician, confirms the presence of Goniomorpha Yin 1986 in intervals ranging from the late Cambrian (Furongian) to the Early Ordovician (Tremadocian), and allow us to clarify its morphology and affinities. Despite being compared originally to vesicular microfossils with processes arising from one pole, Goniomorpha lacks an enclosed cavity, so it cannot be classified as an acritarch in the strict sense. Instead, we find that the specimens originally described as Goniomorpha are actually part of a wider spectrum of morphologies that are identifiable as the pharyngeal teeth of priapulid worms. The best-preserved specimens resolve the ‘processes’ as denticles arising from an arch on the margins of a cuticular pad, sometimes with an extending spur and polygonal microstructure. Closely equivalent forms have been reported from Cambrian assemblages of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) and in situ on Burgess Shale specimens of the priapulid Ottoia. The findings from the Xiaoyangqiao section extend the taphonomic range of Cambrian-type SCFs into the Ordovician, and provide the first evidence for priapulids from the Ordovician of northern China. More generally, our results demonstrate the reciprocal insights from palynological and SCF-type processing for identifying problematic microfossils.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42577562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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