Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2089928
D. Langgut
Abstract The present study has two main goals. The first is to reconstruct the botanical components that grew in the impressive garden of Villa Arianna (Stabiae). The garden, which was extensively destroyed and covered by tephra ash in 79 CE, is considered the largest peristyle garden in the Vesuvian region. Its plants were revealed based on a unique palynological-archaeological method involving the extraction of pollen from plaster attached to structures that faced the garden. The second aim is to compare this prestigious garden with other early elite Roman gardens, located in the eastern part of the Empire, to trace the importation of plants, horticultural trends, etc. For this purpose, gardens of Herod the Great, the client king of Judaea, which the author recently studied palynologically (in Caesarea, Herodium and Jericho), were compared with the new pollen results of Villa Arianna. The comparison between the gardens’ botanical components and their different landscapes led to the following conclusions: (1) Plants were imported from both ends of the Empire as elite products (rather than cash crops). Hazelnut (Corylus) and cedar (Cedrus) were introduced from west to east, while the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) was introduced along an east-west axis. (2) The gardening trend of tree dwarfism was observed both at Villa Arianna and Jericho. (3) The gardens flourished in challenging habitats. At Villa Arianna and Caesarea, efforts were devoted to sustaining splendid gardens in the relatively harsh, saline Mediterranean Sea environment; at Herodium and Jericho, special efforts were required for the success of Mediterranean plants in semi-arid climate. (4) Herod’s mausoleum garden in Herodium, whose dark evergreen trees on the whitish slopes of the artificial tumulus could be seen from the Temple in Jerusalem, may have been inspired by the architectural arrangement of the Pantheon and the Mausoleum of Augustus, the patron of Herod.
{"title":"Prestigious early Roman gardens across the Empire: the significance of gardens and horticultural trends evidenced by pollen","authors":"D. Langgut","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2089928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2089928","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study has two main goals. The first is to reconstruct the botanical components that grew in the impressive garden of Villa Arianna (Stabiae). The garden, which was extensively destroyed and covered by tephra ash in 79 CE, is considered the largest peristyle garden in the Vesuvian region. Its plants were revealed based on a unique palynological-archaeological method involving the extraction of pollen from plaster attached to structures that faced the garden. The second aim is to compare this prestigious garden with other early elite Roman gardens, located in the eastern part of the Empire, to trace the importation of plants, horticultural trends, etc. For this purpose, gardens of Herod the Great, the client king of Judaea, which the author recently studied palynologically (in Caesarea, Herodium and Jericho), were compared with the new pollen results of Villa Arianna. The comparison between the gardens’ botanical components and their different landscapes led to the following conclusions: (1) Plants were imported from both ends of the Empire as elite products (rather than cash crops). Hazelnut (Corylus) and cedar (Cedrus) were introduced from west to east, while the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) was introduced along an east-west axis. (2) The gardening trend of tree dwarfism was observed both at Villa Arianna and Jericho. (3) The gardens flourished in challenging habitats. At Villa Arianna and Caesarea, efforts were devoted to sustaining splendid gardens in the relatively harsh, saline Mediterranean Sea environment; at Herodium and Jericho, special efforts were required for the success of Mediterranean plants in semi-arid climate. (4) Herod’s mausoleum garden in Herodium, whose dark evergreen trees on the whitish slopes of the artificial tumulus could be seen from the Temple in Jerusalem, may have been inspired by the architectural arrangement of the Pantheon and the Mausoleum of Augustus, the patron of Herod.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49307491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2089927
R. Abid, M. Qaiser
ABSTRACT Pollen morphology of 15 species of the genus Lactuca L. (s. lat.) of the tribe Cichorieae from the Hindukush, Western Himalayan and Karakorum Ranges was studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen morphology of six speciesm viz. L. erostrata Bano & Qaiser, L. glaucifolia Boiss., L. persica Boiss., L. crambifolia (Bunge) Boiss., L. chitralensis (Tuisl.) Ghafoor, Qaiser & Roohi Bano and L. picridiformis Boiss., was never studied before. Pollen were found to be isopolar, spheroidal to oblate-spheroidal, elliptic to rarely circular in equatorial view, hexagonal in polar view, trizonocolporate and echinolophate with 15 lacunae. Morphometric analysis of the pollen characters was conducted using agglomerative cluster analysis with Euclidean distance and Ward's method to compute the dissimilarity matrix, and a dendogram was prepared. Two pollen types, based primarily on the diameter of the polar and equatorial axes of the pollen grain, were recognized. Keys to the pollen types, subtypes and species are provided. The present palynological findings are to a great extent in agreement with the results of recent phylogenetic studies based on molecular evidence. Moreover, both the pollen types are well correlated with the general morphology of the investigated species of the genus Lactuca L. (s. lat) and provide additional micromorphological characters for the delimitation of the species.
{"title":"Pollen Morphology of Lactuca L. (s. lat.) (Cichorieae: Asteraceae) from Hindukush, Western Himalayan and Karakorum Ranges and Its Taxonomic Significance","authors":"R. Abid, M. Qaiser","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2089927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2089927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pollen morphology of 15 species of the genus Lactuca L. (s. lat.) of the tribe Cichorieae from the Hindukush, Western Himalayan and Karakorum Ranges was studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen morphology of six speciesm viz. L. erostrata Bano & Qaiser, L. glaucifolia Boiss., L. persica Boiss., L. crambifolia (Bunge) Boiss., L. chitralensis (Tuisl.) Ghafoor, Qaiser & Roohi Bano and L. picridiformis Boiss., was never studied before. Pollen were found to be isopolar, spheroidal to oblate-spheroidal, elliptic to rarely circular in equatorial view, hexagonal in polar view, trizonocolporate and echinolophate with 15 lacunae. Morphometric analysis of the pollen characters was conducted using agglomerative cluster analysis with Euclidean distance and Ward's method to compute the dissimilarity matrix, and a dendogram was prepared. Two pollen types, based primarily on the diameter of the polar and equatorial axes of the pollen grain, were recognized. Keys to the pollen types, subtypes and species are provided. The present palynological findings are to a great extent in agreement with the results of recent phylogenetic studies based on molecular evidence. Moreover, both the pollen types are well correlated with the general morphology of the investigated species of the genus Lactuca L. (s. lat) and provide additional micromorphological characters for the delimitation of the species.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48420758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2072966
S. Tripathi, A. Garg, A. Shukla, A. Farooqui, A. Pandey, Tusha Tripathi, V. Singh
Abstract Rauvolfia belongs to the family Apocynaceae and encompasses herbs or shrubs with leaves in whorls of three or four. It is an endangered plant of the tropics and subtropics. We present a preliminary study and analysis of the morphological details of the pollen of two extant species of Rauvolfia (R. serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz and R. tetraphylla L.) from the Ganga Plain using light microscopy (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The critical point drying method (CPD) was adopted to test the pollen size difference from the conventional acetolysis method (ACE). The pollen morphology of R. tetraphylla differs from that of R. serpentina in several specific traits. Its pollen grain is 3-colporate; it is oblate to oblate-spheroidal; sexine is punctate to obscure and mostly as thick as nexine; and a distinct thickening is present around the ectocolpi. The study shows that R. serpentina can be distinguished from R. tetraphylla by its pollen shape, size, sexine ornamentation (particularly the presence and absence of punctae/perforations in the mesocolpial region) and length of the ectocolpi thickening. The pollen shape and aperture number are more or less common features in Rauvolfia spp., but the presence and absence of a punctate pattern at the mesocolpial position marks the primary difference between the two species. The t-test was applied to determine the statistical significance of pollen morphological data of both species. This study provides a source of information for systematic and conservation purposes and provides a baseline to facilitate palynological studies of past vegetation and palaeoenvironments.
{"title":"Pollen micro-morphometry of two endangered species of Rauvolfia L. (Apocynaceae) from the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Central India using LM, CLSM and FESEM","authors":"S. Tripathi, A. Garg, A. Shukla, A. Farooqui, A. Pandey, Tusha Tripathi, V. Singh","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2072966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2072966","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rauvolfia belongs to the family Apocynaceae and encompasses herbs or shrubs with leaves in whorls of three or four. It is an endangered plant of the tropics and subtropics. We present a preliminary study and analysis of the morphological details of the pollen of two extant species of Rauvolfia (R. serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz and R. tetraphylla L.) from the Ganga Plain using light microscopy (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The critical point drying method (CPD) was adopted to test the pollen size difference from the conventional acetolysis method (ACE). The pollen morphology of R. tetraphylla differs from that of R. serpentina in several specific traits. Its pollen grain is 3-colporate; it is oblate to oblate-spheroidal; sexine is punctate to obscure and mostly as thick as nexine; and a distinct thickening is present around the ectocolpi. The study shows that R. serpentina can be distinguished from R. tetraphylla by its pollen shape, size, sexine ornamentation (particularly the presence and absence of punctae/perforations in the mesocolpial region) and length of the ectocolpi thickening. The pollen shape and aperture number are more or less common features in Rauvolfia spp., but the presence and absence of a punctate pattern at the mesocolpial position marks the primary difference between the two species. The t-test was applied to determine the statistical significance of pollen morphological data of both species. This study provides a source of information for systematic and conservation purposes and provides a baseline to facilitate palynological studies of past vegetation and palaeoenvironments.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44666546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2070785
K. Higgs
Abstract Upper Silurian (Pridoli) cryptospores and trilete spores are described from the type section of the Freshwater East Formation in Pembrokeshire, South Wales. This formation is the oldest stratigraphical division of the Lower Old Red Sandstone succession south of the Ritec Fault in the Anglo-Welsh Basin. It represents an incised valley fill sequence composed predominantly of red dryland alluvial sediments interbedded with four tidally influenced green-grey heterolithic units. The sequence is well known for the occurrence of an early land plant Cooksonia flora. The spore assemblages are dominated by cryptospores (67%), particularly laevigate monads and dyads. Trilete spores are less abundant but are diverse in composition and provide the principal means of accurately dating the sequence. Eleven cryptospore taxa and 31 trilete taxa are identified. Two new species, Cymbohilates richardsonii and Velamisporites edwardsae, are erected. The Freshwater East microflora contains a distinctive complex of Chelinospora taxa, here named the Chelinospora lavidensis assemblage. It represents a previously unrecognised assemblage within the Pridoli succession of the Anglo-Welsh Basin. An accurate age for this assemblage has been determined by correlation with the Upper Silurian succession of the Cantabrian Mountains in north-west Spain, where a continuous spore succession through the Pridoli Series has independent biostratigraphical age control from chitinozoans. The Freshwater East assemblages are correlated with the upper part of the Chelinospora hemiesferica (H) Biozone, which is dated by the chitinozoans Margachitina elegans and Pseudoclathrochitina carmenchui as early mid Pridoli in age. Rare occurrences of small spiny acritarchs, sphaeromorph acritarchs and prasinophyte phycomata in two of the Freshwater East assemblages support the sedimentological data that indicate the grey-green heterolithic beds were deposited in tidally influenced fluvial and estuarine environments.
{"title":"Palynology of the Freshwater East Formation (Upper Silurian, Pridoli), Pembrokeshire, South Wales, UK","authors":"K. Higgs","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2070785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2070785","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Upper Silurian (Pridoli) cryptospores and trilete spores are described from the type section of the Freshwater East Formation in Pembrokeshire, South Wales. This formation is the oldest stratigraphical division of the Lower Old Red Sandstone succession south of the Ritec Fault in the Anglo-Welsh Basin. It represents an incised valley fill sequence composed predominantly of red dryland alluvial sediments interbedded with four tidally influenced green-grey heterolithic units. The sequence is well known for the occurrence of an early land plant Cooksonia flora. The spore assemblages are dominated by cryptospores (67%), particularly laevigate monads and dyads. Trilete spores are less abundant but are diverse in composition and provide the principal means of accurately dating the sequence. Eleven cryptospore taxa and 31 trilete taxa are identified. Two new species, Cymbohilates richardsonii and Velamisporites edwardsae, are erected. The Freshwater East microflora contains a distinctive complex of Chelinospora taxa, here named the Chelinospora lavidensis assemblage. It represents a previously unrecognised assemblage within the Pridoli succession of the Anglo-Welsh Basin. An accurate age for this assemblage has been determined by correlation with the Upper Silurian succession of the Cantabrian Mountains in north-west Spain, where a continuous spore succession through the Pridoli Series has independent biostratigraphical age control from chitinozoans. The Freshwater East assemblages are correlated with the upper part of the Chelinospora hemiesferica (H) Biozone, which is dated by the chitinozoans Margachitina elegans and Pseudoclathrochitina carmenchui as early mid Pridoli in age. Rare occurrences of small spiny acritarchs, sphaeromorph acritarchs and prasinophyte phycomata in two of the Freshwater East assemblages support the sedimentological data that indicate the grey-green heterolithic beds were deposited in tidally influenced fluvial and estuarine environments.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45311154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2070294
Md. Firoze Quamar, Priyanka Singh, A. Garg, S. Tripathi, A. Farooqui, A. Shukla, Nagendra Prasad
Abstract Increasing the taxonomic resolution of fossil pollen identification and establishing the kinship and similarity among phylogenetically related plant groups are inevitable for advancing the Quaternary palaeoecological, palaeoclimatological and palaeoenvironmental research. We, in the present study, examined and determined the pollen morphological characteristics of nine plant taxa belonging to seven families from central India by a combined light microscopic (LM) and confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) study. The prime object was to observe, document and describe, as well as illustrate the prevalent variation in pollen shape, size, aperture number and diameter, diameter of the polar axis and equatorial distance, as well as exine thickness and pattern (i.e. pollen wall architecture) of the studied plant taxa. Pollen identification key was developed to demonstrate variations in pollen features and delimit taxa for correct identification. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggests exine and aperture number as dominant characters, as well as hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), applied to the pollen morphological characters of nine plant taxa to understand the variability among the taxa, and to cluster them, respectively, suggest three clusters. The cophenetic correlation coefficient also substantiates the three group of clustering. The present study has significance in taxonomy and systematics, as well as in phylogeny and evolution. In addition, the preservation potential of different pollen grains has been ascertained, based on the pollen wall architecture. The study, moreover, will improve the precise fossil pollen identification, which is critical for advancing Quaternary palaeoecology in India and also in similar tropical and subtropical areas of the globe.
{"title":"Pollen characters and their evolutionary and taxonomic significance: using light and confocal laser scanning microscope to study diverse plant pollen taxa from central India","authors":"Md. Firoze Quamar, Priyanka Singh, A. Garg, S. Tripathi, A. Farooqui, A. Shukla, Nagendra Prasad","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2070294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2070294","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasing the taxonomic resolution of fossil pollen identification and establishing the kinship and similarity among phylogenetically related plant groups are inevitable for advancing the Quaternary palaeoecological, palaeoclimatological and palaeoenvironmental research. We, in the present study, examined and determined the pollen morphological characteristics of nine plant taxa belonging to seven families from central India by a combined light microscopic (LM) and confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) study. The prime object was to observe, document and describe, as well as illustrate the prevalent variation in pollen shape, size, aperture number and diameter, diameter of the polar axis and equatorial distance, as well as exine thickness and pattern (i.e. pollen wall architecture) of the studied plant taxa. Pollen identification key was developed to demonstrate variations in pollen features and delimit taxa for correct identification. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggests exine and aperture number as dominant characters, as well as hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), applied to the pollen morphological characters of nine plant taxa to understand the variability among the taxa, and to cluster them, respectively, suggest three clusters. The cophenetic correlation coefficient also substantiates the three group of clustering. The present study has significance in taxonomy and systematics, as well as in phylogeny and evolution. In addition, the preservation potential of different pollen grains has been ascertained, based on the pollen wall architecture. The study, moreover, will improve the precise fossil pollen identification, which is critical for advancing Quaternary palaeoecology in India and also in similar tropical and subtropical areas of the globe.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45954467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2064555
Nidhi U. Patel, D. Greenwood, C. Greenwood, J. Galloway, Mackenzie W. Desautels
Abstract The lower Goodlands Member of the Turtle Mountain Formation is exposed in a streambank outcrop on the western flank of Turtle Mountain, south-western Manitoba, Canada (49°0′2″N, 100°14′51″W). This outcrop was sampled for a 1.5 m section of microfossil-rich non-marine clay and coal-rich sediments deposited in a coastal plain environment during the early Palaeocene. These sediments were deposited 65.4–65 Ma and thus offer an opportunity to reconstruct terrestrial palaeoecology 0.6 to 1 Ma after the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg) extinction event. We use quantitative palynology to reconstruct terrestrial plant ecology and explore ecological patterns of recovery and succession of these communities on a millennial time scale. Quantitative palynological analyses shows that at the time of deposition of the Goodlands Member the landscape on the coastal plain of the Western Interior Seaway – in what is now south-western Manitoba – was covered in a forested canopied swamp with tall standing swamp cypress and other conifers, Juglandaceae (walnut family), birch, alder, elms and other angiosperms, with an understory of ferns and ground cover of Sphagnum moss. Notably, palms were present but scarce, indicating a relatively warm climate. No successional pattern of diversity and community composition is evident in the samples; all samples showed high plant diversity (33–54 taxa/sample, H′ 2–3). Vegetation in Manitoba recovered within 0.6 to 1 Ma following the K–Pg extinction event or was predominantly influenced by local environmental patterns independent of time.
{"title":"A reconstruction of the early Palaeocene palaeovegetation of Turtle Mountain, south-western Manitoba, Canada","authors":"Nidhi U. Patel, D. Greenwood, C. Greenwood, J. Galloway, Mackenzie W. Desautels","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2064555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2064555","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The lower Goodlands Member of the Turtle Mountain Formation is exposed in a streambank outcrop on the western flank of Turtle Mountain, south-western Manitoba, Canada (49°0′2″N, 100°14′51″W). This outcrop was sampled for a 1.5 m section of microfossil-rich non-marine clay and coal-rich sediments deposited in a coastal plain environment during the early Palaeocene. These sediments were deposited 65.4–65 Ma and thus offer an opportunity to reconstruct terrestrial palaeoecology 0.6 to 1 Ma after the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg) extinction event. We use quantitative palynology to reconstruct terrestrial plant ecology and explore ecological patterns of recovery and succession of these communities on a millennial time scale. Quantitative palynological analyses shows that at the time of deposition of the Goodlands Member the landscape on the coastal plain of the Western Interior Seaway – in what is now south-western Manitoba – was covered in a forested canopied swamp with tall standing swamp cypress and other conifers, Juglandaceae (walnut family), birch, alder, elms and other angiosperms, with an understory of ferns and ground cover of Sphagnum moss. Notably, palms were present but scarce, indicating a relatively warm climate. No successional pattern of diversity and community composition is evident in the samples; all samples showed high plant diversity (33–54 taxa/sample, H′ 2–3). Vegetation in Manitoba recovered within 0.6 to 1 Ma following the K–Pg extinction event or was predominantly influenced by local environmental patterns independent of time.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46377798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2062476
Sarah Hornby, Jonty Benn, R. Vinkenoog, Shannon Goldberg, M. Pound
Abstract Colour is commonly used as an initial proxy for the determination of botanical origin for pollen pellets collected by honeybees. However, individuals with Colour Vision Deficiency (colour blindness) will struggle with this determination. Here we present a simple and reproducible technique to enable inclusive participation of all individuals in the determination of pollen pellet colour. The proposed method makes use of colour determination applications on smartphones and is therefore appropriate to use in large scale citizen science projects. We also highlight the need to think inclusively when reporting and presenting colour-based research findings in melissopalynology and honeybee research.
{"title":"Methods in melissopalynology: colour determination of pollen pellets for colour vision deficient individuals","authors":"Sarah Hornby, Jonty Benn, R. Vinkenoog, Shannon Goldberg, M. Pound","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2062476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2062476","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Colour is commonly used as an initial proxy for the determination of botanical origin for pollen pellets collected by honeybees. However, individuals with Colour Vision Deficiency (colour blindness) will struggle with this determination. Here we present a simple and reproducible technique to enable inclusive participation of all individuals in the determination of pollen pellet colour. The proposed method makes use of colour determination applications on smartphones and is therefore appropriate to use in large scale citizen science projects. We also highlight the need to think inclusively when reporting and presenting colour-based research findings in melissopalynology and honeybee research.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41766957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2022.2061064
Bokyung Choi, Jangseung Rhu, Tae‐Soo Jang
Abstract Iridaceae L. is a large and well-known plant family that is widely distributed across the northern hemisphere. According to recent and ongoing taxonomic revision, its largest genus, Iris L., includes 14 species of perennial herbs occurring in Korea. Although pollen morphological data have proved crucial to the resolution of systematic relationships within the Iris genus, detailed palynological studies of Korean irises are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to describe the pollen morphology of 14 species representing two subgenera (Limniris and Pardanthopsis) of Korean Iris and one closely related species (Sisyrinchium rosulatum) using scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of all studied taxa were large in size (P = 35.9–86.7 μm, E = 37.3–72.9 μm), oblate (P/E = 0.68) to prolate (P/E = 1.99) in shape, and monosulcate with a granulate-perforate aperture membrane. Three types of exine ornamentation were identified in Korean Iris species: perforate (Type I); microreticulate (Type II); and reticulate (Type III), which was divided into four distinct subtypes based on lumen diameter. The observed pollen micromorphological characters enabled species distinction and taxonomic delimitation to the series level in the genus. The pollen morphological data presented in this study may be of systematic significance to Korean Iris species.
{"title":"Can pollen exine ornamentation contribute to species delimitation in Korean Iris L. taxa (Iridaceae)?","authors":"Bokyung Choi, Jangseung Rhu, Tae‐Soo Jang","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2022.2061064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2061064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Iridaceae L. is a large and well-known plant family that is widely distributed across the northern hemisphere. According to recent and ongoing taxonomic revision, its largest genus, Iris L., includes 14 species of perennial herbs occurring in Korea. Although pollen morphological data have proved crucial to the resolution of systematic relationships within the Iris genus, detailed palynological studies of Korean irises are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to describe the pollen morphology of 14 species representing two subgenera (Limniris and Pardanthopsis) of Korean Iris and one closely related species (Sisyrinchium rosulatum) using scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of all studied taxa were large in size (P = 35.9–86.7 μm, E = 37.3–72.9 μm), oblate (P/E = 0.68) to prolate (P/E = 1.99) in shape, and monosulcate with a granulate-perforate aperture membrane. Three types of exine ornamentation were identified in Korean Iris species: perforate (Type I); microreticulate (Type II); and reticulate (Type III), which was divided into four distinct subtypes based on lumen diameter. The observed pollen micromorphological characters enabled species distinction and taxonomic delimitation to the series level in the genus. The pollen morphological data presented in this study may be of systematic significance to Korean Iris species.","PeriodicalId":54644,"journal":{"name":"Palynology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41869487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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