Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.14530/se.2022.1.125-147
B. Alekhin
Theories of economic growth and empirical studies suggest a negative effect of population growth on economic growth. This study examines the link between the two variables in 82 subjects of the Russian Federation over 2002–2019. Descriptive statistics show that Russia reaped a demographic dividend and is now paying a demographic tax. General theoretical framework for empirical analysis was drawn from the neoclassical growth theory, and panel data econometrics suggested the appropriate empirical methodology. The pooled mean group estimator was applied to an autoregressive distributed lags model based on the Solow model. We found a statistically significate negative long-term dependence (in growth terms) of per capita income on population, total fertility rate and dependence ratio. Also, three auxiliary hypotheses were tested. First: population growth variables that emphasize the relative growth of the young/dependent population (ages 0–14 years) should show a more adverse effect on economic growth than measures of growth in the total or working-age populations. Second: the partial association between population growth and economic growth will be more positive when the regression controls for investment (the resource-dilution effect). Third: the effect of population growth on economic growth is more adverse in developing countries (regions) because of greater resource-dilution and resource diversion effects, as well as poorer policy environments. These hypotheses are not rejected
{"title":"Demography and Per Head Income of the Russian Regions","authors":"B. Alekhin","doi":"10.14530/se.2022.1.125-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.1.125-147","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of economic growth and empirical studies suggest a negative effect of population growth on economic growth. This study examines the link between the two variables in 82 subjects of the Russian Federation over 2002–2019. Descriptive statistics show that Russia reaped a demographic dividend and is now paying a demographic tax. General theoretical framework for empirical analysis was drawn from the neoclassical growth theory, and panel data econometrics suggested the appropriate empirical methodology. The pooled mean group estimator was applied to an autoregressive distributed lags model based on the Solow model. We found a statistically significate negative long-term dependence (in growth terms) of per capita income on population, total fertility rate and dependence ratio. Also, three auxiliary hypotheses were tested. First: population growth variables that emphasize the relative growth of the young/dependent population (ages 0–14 years) should show a more adverse effect on economic growth than measures of growth in the total or working-age populations. Second: the partial association between population growth and economic growth will be more positive when the regression controls for investment (the resource-dilution effect). Third: the effect of population growth on economic growth is more adverse in developing countries (regions) because of greater resource-dilution and resource diversion effects, as well as poorer policy environments. These hypotheses are not rejected","PeriodicalId":54733,"journal":{"name":"Networks & Spatial Economics","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72917987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.14530/se.2022.4.036-067
M. Abrekov, Andrey Vlasov
The purpose of this work is to study the investment capital markets by analysing the IPO and ICO procedures, identifying the main trends, leading sectors and comparing their volumes. The methodological basis was a retrospective analysis of the development of various forms of investment attraction (IPO and ICO). The main research methods were deduction, induction, synthesis and logical analysis. This article examined the main trends taking place in the IPO and ICO markets; key types of used blockchain platforms were identified; the leading countries and sectors in terms of the amount of funds raised are presented. The ICO market showed high growth rates in 2013–2018, but did not reach volumes comparable to the IPO market. Most of the projects that used the ICO (digital token issuance) procedures chose the Ethereum blockchain system as a platform, implemented projects in the fintech and IT industries, infrastructure development and decentralized applications (DApps). The leading states, residents, which have carried out the largest number of ICO procedures, are the USA, Singapore, United Kingdom and Hong Kong. In the IPO market, the largest volume of funds was attracted by projects from such sectors as finance, consumer services, oil and gas, industry and healthcare. The US remains the main platform chosen by companies for IPOs. The US is followed by the UK, China and Hong Kong
{"title":"ICO and IPO Markets: An Overview and Prospects","authors":"M. Abrekov, Andrey Vlasov","doi":"10.14530/se.2022.4.036-067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.4.036-067","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to study the investment capital markets by analysing the IPO and ICO procedures, identifying the main trends, leading sectors and comparing their volumes. The methodological basis was a retrospective analysis of the development of various forms of investment attraction (IPO and ICO). The main research methods were deduction, induction, synthesis and logical analysis. This article examined the main trends taking place in the IPO and ICO markets; key types of used blockchain platforms were identified; the leading countries and sectors in terms of the amount of funds raised are presented. The ICO market showed high growth rates in 2013–2018, but did not reach volumes comparable to the IPO market. Most of the projects that used the ICO (digital token issuance) procedures chose the Ethereum blockchain system as a platform, implemented projects in the fintech and IT industries, infrastructure development and decentralized applications (DApps). The leading states, residents, which have carried out the largest number of ICO procedures, are the USA, Singapore, United Kingdom and Hong Kong. In the IPO market, the largest volume of funds was attracted by projects from such sectors as finance, consumer services, oil and gas, industry and healthcare. The US remains the main platform chosen by companies for IPOs. The US is followed by the UK, China and Hong Kong","PeriodicalId":54733,"journal":{"name":"Networks & Spatial Economics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79027720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.14530/se.2022.3.007-016
P. Minakir
The long period of the development of the Soviet and then the Russian Far East has demonstrated a striking pattern of repetitive periods of optimism and pessimism about the possibility of socio-economic development of the region, a pattern as striking as the regular repetition of tools and goals, efforts of the region itself and the national political and economic system in this field. The last decade has passed and is still passing under the sign of a new stage of state regulatory efforts for the development of the region. The next stage in summing up the results and determining the scope and structure of further efforts in this direction was the next VII Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok. It has been concluded that, as demonstrated once again at the forum, despite enormous administrative efforts, vigorous institutional reform, and mobilization of public finances, it has not been possible to achieve noticeable results in the field of transforming the quality of life and economy in the Far East for almost 10 years. It has been shown that it is possible to change the situation in the field of resource provision of correct goal-setting only after overcoming fundamental limitations, which primarily include the already mentioned problem of the territorial scale of the object of regulation and the recognition of the need for an ideological transition from growth management to quality change management
{"title":"The Thorny Path Eastwards: Breakthroughs Which Turn Into Dead-End","authors":"P. Minakir","doi":"10.14530/se.2022.3.007-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.3.007-016","url":null,"abstract":"The long period of the development of the Soviet and then the Russian Far East has demonstrated a striking pattern of repetitive periods of optimism and pessimism about the possibility of socio-economic development of the region, a pattern as striking as the regular repetition of tools and goals, efforts of the region itself and the national political and economic system in this field. The last decade has passed and is still passing under the sign of a new stage of state regulatory efforts for the development of the region. The next stage in summing up the results and determining the scope and structure of further efforts in this direction was the next VII Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok. It has been concluded that, as demonstrated once again at the forum, despite enormous administrative efforts, vigorous institutional reform, and mobilization of public finances, it has not been possible to achieve noticeable results in the field of transforming the quality of life and economy in the Far East for almost 10 years. It has been shown that it is possible to change the situation in the field of resource provision of correct goal-setting only after overcoming fundamental limitations, which primarily include the already mentioned problem of the territorial scale of the object of regulation and the recognition of the need for an ideological transition from growth management to quality change management","PeriodicalId":54733,"journal":{"name":"Networks & Spatial Economics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81991574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.14530/se.2022.3.115-140
P. Druzhinin
The article discusses the development of the economy of the regions of the Central Federal District (CFD) in 1998–2020. There are three sectors – Moscow, the Moscow region and the remaining 16 regions. The economic development of these sectors and the impact of resource concentration to the Moscow agglomeration are analyzed. The periphery of the CFD is losing human capital of the highest quality, which decreases the opportunities for its economic development. The purpose of the article is to give a comparative analysis of the economic development of Moscow and other regions of the Central Federal District in 1998–2020. It also examines how the development efficiency of the other 16 regions of the CFD is changing against the background of the outflow of young people to Moscow, the reasons for the change in the growth rates and efficiency of the development of the Moscow economy are being clarified as well. The analysis of the graphs of indicators made it possible to distinguish two periods – before and after the 2008–2009 crisis. We analise influence of selected sectors and structural shifts on the dynamics of labor productivity of the CFD economy, using the methods of economic statistics. Production functions were constructed and the impact of investments on the economic growth rates of the three selected sectors was assessed. During the first period, the Moscow agglomeration was developing successfully, its socio-economic indicators were growing rapidly, and its development efficiency was high. The concentration of resources contributed to faster and more efficient growth of the CFD economy. After the crisis, the migration of the population to the Moscow agglomeration and the concentration of investments has continued, but the growth of the Moscow economy has stopped, and the efficiency of development has decreased sharply. The development of the economy of the third sector of the CFD, which is losing resources, has noticeably slowed down, and efficiency has somewhat decreased. The concentration of resources in Moscow has begun to affect the growth rates of the CFD economy negatively
{"title":"The Resource Concentration in Moscow: Impact on the Economy of the Central Federal District","authors":"P. Druzhinin","doi":"10.14530/se.2022.3.115-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.3.115-140","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the development of the economy of the regions of the Central Federal District (CFD) in 1998–2020. There are three sectors – Moscow, the Moscow region and the remaining 16 regions. The economic development of these sectors and the impact of resource concentration to the Moscow agglomeration are analyzed. The periphery of the CFD is losing human capital of the highest quality, which decreases the opportunities for its economic development. The purpose of the article is to give a comparative analysis of the economic development of Moscow and other regions of the Central Federal District in 1998–2020. It also examines how the development efficiency of the other 16 regions of the CFD is changing against the background of the outflow of young people to Moscow, the reasons for the change in the growth rates and efficiency of the development of the Moscow economy are being clarified as well. The analysis of the graphs of indicators made it possible to distinguish two periods – before and after the 2008–2009 crisis. We analise influence of selected sectors and structural shifts on the dynamics of labor productivity of the CFD economy, using the methods of economic statistics. Production functions were constructed and the impact of investments on the economic growth rates of the three selected sectors was assessed. During the first period, the Moscow agglomeration was developing successfully, its socio-economic indicators were growing rapidly, and its development efficiency was high. The concentration of resources contributed to faster and more efficient growth of the CFD economy. After the crisis, the migration of the population to the Moscow agglomeration and the concentration of investments has continued, but the growth of the Moscow economy has stopped, and the efficiency of development has decreased sharply. The development of the economy of the third sector of the CFD, which is losing resources, has noticeably slowed down, and efficiency has somewhat decreased. The concentration of resources in Moscow has begun to affect the growth rates of the CFD economy negatively","PeriodicalId":54733,"journal":{"name":"Networks & Spatial Economics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85478960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.14530/se.2022.3.194-196
O. Dyomina
{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges of Development of Energy Cooperation of the Northeast Asia Countries Under the Condotions of Political Instability and Energy Transition","authors":"O. Dyomina","doi":"10.14530/se.2022.3.194-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.3.194-196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54733,"journal":{"name":"Networks & Spatial Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73199663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.14530/se.2022.1.007-033
P. Minakir, D. Izotov
Theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of functioning of the world’s means of payment and accumulation are discussed. It is shown that the US dollar is one of the specific forms of world money along with other ‘dominant’ currencies due to its function as a reliable asset for other countries, requiring for the issuing country exceptionally strong national institutions and confidence in this national currency, the American currency is also the universal equivalent in international settlements and the world’s means of payment, accumulation and medium of circulation. It is determined that the Russian ruble is ‘commodity’ currency but not the ‘dominant’ currency, and its share in international settlements is almost imperceptible. It is shown that, other things being equal, the American currency will continue to flow into Russia, since the export of Russian raw materials is traded on the world market mainly in dollars. It was revealed that the strategy for de-dollarization of the Russian economy did not contribute to the displacement of the dollar from payments for exports from Russia, with a noticeable increase in the share of the euro in payments. It was found that the transition in Russia’s settlements from China to national currencies was not carried out, and the EAEU countries remained the only ruble zone in settlements for Russia. It is shown that Russia’s attempt to switch to settlements exclusively in rubles is tantamount to creating an exclusive money circulation system for a small country, which, within the framework of the ‘dominant’ currencies paradigm, shows its limitations. The risks for the Russian economy as a result of its isolation from the system of international settlements in dollars and euros are formulated as part of the current sanctions by developed countries
{"title":"World Money in Time and Space: A Blow to the Dollar or a Blow by the Dollar?","authors":"P. Minakir, D. Izotov","doi":"10.14530/se.2022.1.007-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.1.007-033","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of functioning of the world’s means of payment and accumulation are discussed. It is shown that the US dollar is one of the specific forms of world money along with other ‘dominant’ currencies due to its function as a reliable asset for other countries, requiring for the issuing country exceptionally strong national institutions and confidence in this national currency, the American currency is also the universal equivalent in international settlements and the world’s means of payment, accumulation and medium of circulation. It is determined that the Russian ruble is ‘commodity’ currency but not the ‘dominant’ currency, and its share in international settlements is almost imperceptible. It is shown that, other things being equal, the American currency will continue to flow into Russia, since the export of Russian raw materials is traded on the world market mainly in dollars. It was revealed that the strategy for de-dollarization of the Russian economy did not contribute to the displacement of the dollar from payments for exports from Russia, with a noticeable increase in the share of the euro in payments. It was found that the transition in Russia’s settlements from China to national currencies was not carried out, and the EAEU countries remained the only ruble zone in settlements for Russia. It is shown that Russia’s attempt to switch to settlements exclusively in rubles is tantamount to creating an exclusive money circulation system for a small country, which, within the framework of the ‘dominant’ currencies paradigm, shows its limitations. The risks for the Russian economy as a result of its isolation from the system of international settlements in dollars and euros are formulated as part of the current sanctions by developed countries","PeriodicalId":54733,"journal":{"name":"Networks & Spatial Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81879014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.14530/se.2022.3.168-193
Husan Umarov
The deterioration of Russia’s trade and economic relations with international partners due to the aggravation of the geopolitical situation in Ukraine increases the importance of diversification of key sectors of the Russian economy. Russia’s search for new strategic partners increases the pace of cooperation with the Republic of Turkey. The subject of the study is the study of the advantages of the Russian-Turkish strategic partnership, the basis of which is mutual interest in building up economic and geopolitical potential. The key objectives of the study will be to study the current investment climate, the stages of implementation of investment cooperation between Russia and Turkey in various sectors of the economy, analysis of the dynamics of foreign direct investment, mutual investment, trade turnover, exports and imports between the countries. Such research methods as observation, comparative analysis, generalization, historical method will be used in the work. The author will refer to the materials of Russian and foreign experts in the field of international economics, finance, investment deposits, statistical data on export, import, mutual turnover, foreign direct investment (FDI) between Russia and Turkey, obtained from the reporting documents of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), the World Bank (The World Bank), the United Nations (UN), the Turkish Construction Union (Turkish Construction Union). The main result of the study will be the structuring of factors affecting the dynamics of bilateral investment cooperation. The results of the study can be useful to representatives of business organizations, business owners and managers, specialists in the field of economics and finance. Formulating the main conclusions of the study, the author notes the priority of mutually beneficial Russian-Turkish partnership on key economic issues
由于乌克兰地缘政治局势的恶化，俄罗斯与国际伙伴的贸易和经济关系恶化，这增加了俄罗斯经济关键部门多样化的重要性。俄罗斯寻找新的战略伙伴加快了与土耳其共和国合作的步伐。该研究的主题是研究俄土战略伙伴关系的优势，其基础是建立经济和地缘政治潜力的共同利益。该研究的主要目标是研究当前的投资环境，俄罗斯和土耳其在各个经济部门实施投资合作的阶段，分析两国之间外国直接投资，相互投资，贸易额，进出口的动态。本研究将采用观察法、比较分析法、概括法、历史法等研究方法。作者将参考国际经济、金融、投资存款领域的俄罗斯和外国专家的资料，俄罗斯和土耳其之间的出口、进口、相互营业额、外国直接投资(FDI)的统计数据，这些数据来自土耳其统计研究所(TurkStat)、世界银行(The World Bank)、联合国(UN)、土耳其建筑联盟(Turkish Construction Union)的报告文件。研究的主要结果将是影响双边投资合作动态的因素的结构。这项研究的结果对商业组织的代表、企业主和管理者、经济和金融领域的专家都是有用的。作者在阐述研究的主要结论时指出，在关键经济问题上，俄土建立互利伙伴关系是优先事项
{"title":"New Formats of Interaction of Investment Cooperation between Russia and Turkey in Modern Economic Conditions","authors":"Husan Umarov","doi":"10.14530/se.2022.3.168-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.3.168-193","url":null,"abstract":"The deterioration of Russia’s trade and economic relations with international partners due to the aggravation of the geopolitical situation in Ukraine increases the importance of diversification of key sectors of the Russian economy. Russia’s search for new strategic partners increases the pace of cooperation with the Republic of Turkey. The subject of the study is the study of the advantages of the Russian-Turkish strategic partnership, the basis of which is mutual interest in building up economic and geopolitical potential. The key objectives of the study will be to study the current investment climate, the stages of implementation of investment cooperation between Russia and Turkey in various sectors of the economy, analysis of the dynamics of foreign direct investment, mutual investment, trade turnover, exports and imports between the countries. Such research methods as observation, comparative analysis, generalization, historical method will be used in the work. The author will refer to the materials of Russian and foreign experts in the field of international economics, finance, investment deposits, statistical data on export, import, mutual turnover, foreign direct investment (FDI) between Russia and Turkey, obtained from the reporting documents of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), the World Bank (The World Bank), the United Nations (UN), the Turkish Construction Union (Turkish Construction Union). The main result of the study will be the structuring of factors affecting the dynamics of bilateral investment cooperation. The results of the study can be useful to representatives of business organizations, business owners and managers, specialists in the field of economics and finance. Formulating the main conclusions of the study, the author notes the priority of mutually beneficial Russian-Turkish partnership on key economic issues","PeriodicalId":54733,"journal":{"name":"Networks & Spatial Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89130874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20565-6_8
M. Barthelemy
{"title":"Tessellations of the Plane","authors":"M. Barthelemy","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-20565-6_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20565-6_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54733,"journal":{"name":"Networks & Spatial Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87036231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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