Pub Date : 2024-09-22DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2394586
Sreevarsha Gali, Amit Kundu, Swati Sharma, Mee-Young Ahn, Zothan Puia, Vikas Kumar, In Su Kim, Jeong Hwan Kwak, Partha Palit, Hyung Sik Kim
Macaranga denticulata (MD) bark is commonly utilized in traditional medicine for diabetes prevention and treatment. The bark extract of MD is rich in prenyl or farnesyl flavonoids and stilbenes, which possess antioxidant properties. Although data suggest the potential therapeutic benefits of the use of MD in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN), the precise mechanisms underlying MD-initiated protective effects against DN are not well understood. This study aimed to assess the renoprotective properties of MD extract by examining renofibrosis inhibition, oxidative stress, and inflammation utilizing streptozotocin-induced DN male Sprague - Dawley rats. Diabetic rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. After 6 days, these rats were orally administered MD extract (200 mg/kg/day) or metformin (200 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. The administration of MD extract significantly lowered blood glucose levels, restored body weight, and reduced urine levels of various biomarkers associated with kidney functions. Histopathological analysis revealed protective effects in both kidneys and pancreas. Further, MD extract significantly restored abnormalities in advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress biomarkers, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in STZ-treated rats. MD extract markedly reduced renal fibrosis biomarker levels, indicating recovery from renal injury, and reversed dysregulation of sirtuins and claudin-1 in the kidneys of rats with STZ-induced diabetes. In conclusion, data demonstrated the renoprotective role of MD extract, indicating plant extract's ability to suppress oxidative stress and regulate proinflammatory pathways during pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy.
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of bark extracts from <i>Macaranga denticulata</i> on renal fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.","authors":"Sreevarsha Gali, Amit Kundu, Swati Sharma, Mee-Young Ahn, Zothan Puia, Vikas Kumar, In Su Kim, Jeong Hwan Kwak, Partha Palit, Hyung Sik Kim","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2394586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2024.2394586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Macaranga denticulata</i> (MD) bark is commonly utilized in traditional medicine for diabetes prevention and treatment. The bark extract of MD is rich in prenyl or farnesyl flavonoids and stilbenes, which possess antioxidant properties. Although data suggest the potential therapeutic benefits of the use of MD in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN), the precise mechanisms underlying MD-initiated protective effects against DN are not well understood. This study aimed to assess the renoprotective properties of MD extract by examining renofibrosis inhibition, oxidative stress, and inflammation utilizing streptozotocin-induced DN male Sprague - Dawley rats. Diabetic rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. After 6 days, these rats were orally administered MD extract (200 mg/kg/day) or metformin (200 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. The administration of MD extract significantly lowered blood glucose levels, restored body weight, and reduced urine levels of various biomarkers associated with kidney functions. Histopathological analysis revealed protective effects in both kidneys and pancreas. Further, MD extract significantly restored abnormalities in advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress biomarkers, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in STZ-treated rats. MD extract markedly reduced renal fibrosis biomarker levels, indicating recovery from renal injury, and reversed dysregulation of sirtuins and claudin-1 in the kidneys of rats with STZ-induced diabetes. In conclusion, data demonstrated the renoprotective role of MD extract, indicating plant extract's ability to suppress oxidative stress and regulate proinflammatory pathways during pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2405720
Raissa Tainá Puntel, Raquel Stefanello, Wagner Jesus da Silva Garcia, Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles
Aluminum (Al) may be beneficial to crops, but in excess becomes detrimental to the germination and initial development of seedlings. The main determining indicators are the type of crop and exposure duration. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of Al and of UV-C light on the germination and initial growth of white oats. Seeds were sown on germitest paper in a solution of 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg/L of aluminum chloride and kept in a germination chamber at 20°C for a 12-hr photoperiod. Germination and seedling growth parameters were determined after 5 and 10 days. The seeds were also exposed to two doses of UV-C (0.85 and 3.42 kJ m-2) under aluminum chloride stress (200 mg/L). Data demonstrated that treatment with aluminum chloride significantly decrease in germination at 200 mg/L and total seedling length at 100 mg/L. Exposure of seeds to UV-C light under excess Al (200 mg/L) did not show a significant effect on germination and growth compared to control (non-irradiated). Results indicated that exposure to high concentration of Al in the medium adversely altered germination and initial growth of white oat seedlings. Although UV-C light alone was not detrimental to the germination process, treatment with UV-C light also failed to mitigate the toxic effects of Al.
{"title":"Aluminum and UV-C light on seed germination and initial growth of white oats.","authors":"Raissa Tainá Puntel, Raquel Stefanello, Wagner Jesus da Silva Garcia, Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2405720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2024.2405720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum (Al) may be beneficial to crops, but in excess becomes detrimental to the germination and initial development of seedlings. The main determining indicators are the type of crop and exposure duration. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of Al and of UV-C light on the germination and initial growth of white oats. Seeds were sown on germitest paper in a solution of 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg/L of aluminum chloride and kept in a germination chamber at 20°C for a 12-hr photoperiod. Germination and seedling growth parameters were determined after 5 and 10 days. The seeds were also exposed to two doses of UV-C (0.85 and 3.42 kJ m<sup>-2</sup>) under aluminum chloride stress (200 mg/L). Data demonstrated that treatment with aluminum chloride significantly decrease in germination at 200 mg/L and total seedling length at 100 mg/L. Exposure of seeds to UV-C light under excess Al (200 mg/L) did not show a significant effect on germination and growth compared to control (non-irradiated). Results indicated that exposure to high concentration of Al in the medium adversely altered germination and initial growth of white oat seedlings. Although UV-C light alone was not detrimental to the germination process, treatment with UV-C light also failed to mitigate the toxic effects of Al.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2403131
Tamires de Freitas Oliveira, Maria Fernanda Barbosa Vaz da Costa, Tamara Alessandra Costa Santos, Maria José Dos Santos Wisniewski, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira
Pyraclostrobin-based fungicides play an effective role in controlling fungal diseases and are extensively used in agriculture. However, there is concern regarding the potential adverse effects attributed to exposure to these fungicides on non-target organisms and consequent influence exerted on ecosystem functioning. Thus, it is essential to conduct studies with model organisms to determine the impacts of these fungicides on different groups of living organisms. The aim of this study was to examine the ecotoxicity associated with exposure to commercial fungicides containing pyraclostrobin. The focus of the analysis involved germination and initial development of seedlings of 4 plant models (Lactuca sativa, Raphanus sativus, Pennisetum glaucum and Triticum aestivum), in addition to determining the population growth rate and total carbohydrate content in microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. The fungicide pyraclostrobin adversely influenced growth and development of the tested plants, indicating a toxic effect. The fungicide exerted a significant impact on the initial development of seedlings of all model species examined with T. aestivum plants displaying the greatest susceptibility to pyraclostrobin. Plants of this species exhibited inhibitory effects on both aerial parts and roots when treated with a concentration of 4.75 mg/L pyraclostrobin. In addition, the green microalga R. subcapitata was also significantly affected by the fungicide, especially at relatively high concentrations as evidenced by a reduction in total carbohydrate content. This commercial fungicide demonstrated potential phytotoxicity for the tested plant models and was also considered toxic to the selected microalgae, indicating an ecotoxic effect that might affect other organisms in aquatic environments.
以吡唑醚菌酯为基础的杀菌剂在控制真菌疾病方面发挥着有效作用,并被广泛用于农业。然而,人们担心接触这些杀真菌剂会对非目标生物产生潜在的不利影响,进而影响生态系统的功能。因此,有必要对模型生物进行研究,以确定这些杀菌剂对不同生物群体的影响。本研究的目的是检测与接触含有吡唑醚菌酯的商用杀菌剂有关的生态毒性。分析的重点包括 4 种植物模型(Lactuca sativa、Raphanus sativus、Pennisetum glaucum 和 Triticum aestivum)幼苗的发芽和初始发育,以及确定微藻 Raphidocelis subcapitata 的种群增长率和总碳水化合物含量。杀真菌剂吡唑醚菌酯对受测植物的生长和发育产生了不利影响,表明其具有毒性作用。杀真菌剂对所有受试模式物种幼苗的初期发育都有显著影响,其中 T. aestivum 植物对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性最高。当使用浓度为 4.75 毫克/升的吡唑醚菌酯处理时,该物种植物的气生部分和根部都表现出抑制作用。此外,绿色微藻 R. subcapitata 也受到该杀菌剂的显著影响,尤其是在相对较高的浓度下,表现为总碳水化合物含量的减少。这种商用杀真菌剂对所测试的植物模型具有潜在的植物毒性,对所选的微藻类也具有毒性,表明其具有生态毒性作用,可能会影响水生环境中的其他生物。
{"title":"Toxicity potential of a pyraclostrobin-based fungicide in plant and green microalgae models.","authors":"Tamires de Freitas Oliveira, Maria Fernanda Barbosa Vaz da Costa, Tamara Alessandra Costa Santos, Maria José Dos Santos Wisniewski, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2403131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2024.2403131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyraclostrobin-based fungicides play an effective role in controlling fungal diseases and are extensively used in agriculture. However, there is concern regarding the potential adverse effects attributed to exposure to these fungicides on non-target organisms and consequent influence exerted on ecosystem functioning. Thus, it is essential to conduct studies with model organisms to determine the impacts of these fungicides on different groups of living organisms. The aim of this study was to examine the ecotoxicity associated with exposure to commercial fungicides containing pyraclostrobin. The focus of the analysis involved germination and initial development of seedlings of 4 plant models (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i>Raphanus sativus, Pennisetum glaucum</i> and <i>Triticum aestivum</i>), in addition to determining the population growth rate and total carbohydrate content in microalga <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>. The fungicide pyraclostrobin adversely influenced growth and development of the tested plants, indicating a toxic effect. The fungicide exerted a significant impact on the initial development of seedlings of all model species examined with <i>T. aestivum</i> plants displaying the greatest susceptibility to pyraclostrobin. Plants of this species exhibited inhibitory effects on both aerial parts and roots when treated with a concentration of 4.75 mg/L pyraclostrobin. In addition, the green microalga <i>R. subcapitata</i> was also significantly affected by the fungicide, especially at relatively high concentrations as evidenced by a reduction in total carbohydrate content. This commercial fungicide demonstrated potential phytotoxicity for the tested plant models and was also considered toxic to the selected microalgae, indicating an ecotoxic effect that might affect other organisms in aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16Epub Date: 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2367621
Quenia Maria Silva, Marcel José Palmieri, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira
Corn is the second most cultivated crop in Brazil, the number-one country in pesticide consumption. Chemical control of weeds is performed using herbicides such as S-metolachlor with pre- and post-emergence action and thus the toxicity of herbicides constitutes a matter of great concern. The present investigation aimed to examine the effects of an S-metolachlor-based herbicide on Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) and Zea mays L. (maize) utilizing various bioassays. The test solutions were prepared from commercial products containing the active ingredient. Seeds from the plant models were exposed in petri dishes and maintained under biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at 24°C. Distilled water was negative and aluminium positive control. Macroscopic analyses (germination and growth) were conducted for both plant species, and microscopic analysis (cell cycle and chromosomal alterations) were performed for L. sativa root tip cells. Detrimental interference of S-metolachlor-based herbicide was noted with lettuce for all parameters tested reducing plant germination by over 50% and the germination speed by over 45% and showing a significant decrease in mitotic index, from 16.25% to 9,28% even on the lowest concentration tested. In maize, there was no significant interference in plant germination; however, speed of germination was significantly hampered, reaching a 51.22% reduction for the highest concentration tested. Data demonstrated that the herbicide was toxic as evidenced by its phyto- and cytotoxicity in L. sativa L. and Z. mays L.
{"title":"Effects of a S-metolachlor based herbicide on two plant models: <i>Zea mays</i> L. and <i>Lactuca sativa L</i>.","authors":"Quenia Maria Silva, Marcel José Palmieri, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2367621","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2367621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corn is the second most cultivated crop in Brazil, the number-one country in pesticide consumption. Chemical control of weeds is performed using herbicides such as S-metolachlor with pre- and post-emergence action and thus the toxicity of herbicides constitutes a matter of great concern. The present investigation aimed to examine the effects of an S-metolachlor-based herbicide on <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. (lettuce) and <i>Zea mays</i> L. (maize) utilizing various bioassays. The test solutions were prepared from commercial products containing the active ingredient. Seeds from the plant models were exposed in petri dishes and maintained under biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at 24°C. Distilled water was negative and aluminium positive control. Macroscopic analyses (germination and growth) were conducted for both plant species, and microscopic analysis (cell cycle and chromosomal alterations) were performed for <i>L. sativa</i> root tip cells. Detrimental interference of S-metolachlor-based herbicide was noted with lettuce for all parameters tested reducing plant germination by over 50% and the germination speed by over 45% and showing a significant decrease in mitotic index, from 16.25% to 9,28% even on the lowest concentration tested. In maize, there was no significant interference in plant germination; however, speed of germination was significantly hampered, reaching a 51.22% reduction for the highest concentration tested. Data demonstrated that the herbicide was toxic as evidenced by its phyto- and cytotoxicity in <i>L. sativa</i> L. and <i>Z. mays</i> L.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achyrocline satureioides, popularly called "marcela" in Brazil, is used in traditional medicine in South America. A. satureioides, inflorescences are used for many conditions, including to minimize the Sars-Cov-2 symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the toxicity profile of A. satureioides aqueous extract (ASAE), using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) alternative model. Survival, reproduction, development, and transgenerational assays were performed. The effects of ASAE were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and presence of oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, C. elegans strains containing high antioxidant enzyme levels and elevated lineages of daf-16, skn-1 and daf-2 regulatory pathways were examined. The ASAE LC50 value was found to be 77.3 ± 4 mg/ml. The concentration of ASAE 10 mg/ml (frequently used in humans) did not exhibit a significant reduction in worm survival at either the L1 or L4 stage, after 24 or 72 hr treatment. ASAE did not markedly alter the body area. In N2 strain, ASAE (10 or 25 mg/ml) reversed the damage initiated by H2O2. In addition, ASAE protected the damage produced by H2O2 in strains containing significant levels of sod-3, gst-4 and ctl - 1,2,3, suggesting modulation in these antioxidant systems by this plant extract. ASAE exposure activated daf-16 and skn-1 stress response transcriptional pathways independently of daf-2, even under extreme stress. Data suggest that ASAE, at the concentrations tested in C. elegans, exhibits a reliable toxicity profile, which may contribute to consideration for safe use in humans.
{"title":"Toxicological assessment of the <i>Achyrocline satureioides</i> aqueous extract in the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> alternative model.","authors":"Péterson Alves Santos, Mariana Uczay, Pricila Pflüger, Larissa Aline Carneiro Lobo, Marilise Brittes Rott, Jose Angel Fontenla, Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira, Patrícia Pereira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2368618","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2368618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Achyrocline satureioides</i>, popularly called \"marcela\" in Brazil, is used in traditional medicine in South America. <i>A. satureioides</i>, inflorescences are used for many conditions, including to minimize the Sars-Cov-2 symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the toxicity profile of <i>A. satureioides</i> aqueous extract (ASAE), using the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) alternative model. Survival, reproduction, development, and transgenerational assays were performed. The effects of ASAE were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and presence of oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). In addition, <i>C. elegans</i> strains containing high antioxidant enzyme levels and elevated lineages of daf-16, skn-1 and daf-2 regulatory pathways were examined. The ASAE LC<sub>50</sub> value was found to be 77.3 ± 4 mg/ml. The concentration of ASAE 10 mg/ml (frequently used in humans) did not exhibit a significant reduction in worm survival at either the L1 or L4 stage, after 24 or 72 hr treatment. ASAE did not markedly alter the body area. In N2 strain, ASAE (10 or 25 mg/ml) reversed the damage initiated by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. In addition, ASAE protected the damage produced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in strains containing significant levels of <i>sod</i>-3, <i>gst</i>-4 and <i>ctl</i> - 1,2,3, suggesting modulation in these antioxidant systems by this plant extract. ASAE exposure activated <i>daf-16</i> and <i>skn-1</i> stress response transcriptional pathways independently of <i>daf-2</i>, even under extreme stress. Data suggest that ASAE, at the concentrations tested in <i>C. elegans</i>, exhibits a reliable toxicity profile, which may contribute to consideration for safe use in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16Epub Date: 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2368619
Murillo de Sousa Pinto, Luiz Guilherme Oliveira Fontoura, Isabela da Rosa Borges, Abel Vieira de Melo Bisneto, Geyciane Rosa de Oliveira, Lílian Carla Carneiro, Lee Chen Chen, Aroldo Vieira de Moraes Filho
Although the last pandemic created an urgency for development of vaccines, there was a continuous and concerted effort to search for therapeutic medications among existing drugs with different indications. One of the medications of interest that underwent this change was infliximab (IFM). This drug is used as an anti-inflammatory, predominantly in patients with Crohn 's disease, colitis ulcerative, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition to these patients, individuals infected with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) were administered this chimeric monoclonal antibody (IMF) to act as an immunomodulator for patients in the absence of comprehensive research. Consequently, the present study aimed to examine the genotoxic effects attributed to IFM treatment employing different assays in vivo using mouse Mus musculus. Therefore, IFM was found to induce genotoxic effects as evidenced by the comet assay but did not demonstrate genotoxic potential utilizing mouse bone marrow MN test. The results of evaluating the expression of the P53 and BCL-2 genes using RT-qPCR showed stimulation of expression of these genes at 24 hr followed by a decline at 48 hr. Although the comet assay provided positive results, it is noteworthy that based upon negative findings in the micronucleus test, the data did not demonstrate significant changes in the genetic material that might affect the therapeutic use of IFM. The stimulation of expression of P53 and BCL-2 genes at 24 hr followed by a decline at 48 hr suggest a transient, if any, effect on genetic material. However, there is still a need for more research to more comprehensively understand the genotoxic profile of this medication.
{"title":"Evaluation of infliximab-induced genotoxicity and possible action on BCL-2 and P53 genes.","authors":"Murillo de Sousa Pinto, Luiz Guilherme Oliveira Fontoura, Isabela da Rosa Borges, Abel Vieira de Melo Bisneto, Geyciane Rosa de Oliveira, Lílian Carla Carneiro, Lee Chen Chen, Aroldo Vieira de Moraes Filho","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2368619","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2368619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the last pandemic created an urgency for development of vaccines, there was a continuous and concerted effort to search for therapeutic medications among existing drugs with different indications. One of the medications of interest that underwent this change was infliximab (IFM). This drug is used as an anti-inflammatory, predominantly in patients with Crohn 's disease, colitis ulcerative, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition to these patients, individuals infected with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) were administered this chimeric monoclonal antibody (IMF) to act as an immunomodulator for patients in the absence of comprehensive research. Consequently, the present study aimed to examine the genotoxic effects attributed to IFM treatment employing different assays <i>in vivo</i> using mouse <i>Mus musculus</i>. Therefore, IFM was found to induce genotoxic effects as evidenced by the comet assay but did not demonstrate genotoxic potential utilizing mouse bone marrow MN test. The results of evaluating the expression of the P53 and BCL-2 genes using RT-qPCR showed stimulation of expression of these genes at 24 hr followed by a decline at 48 hr. Although the comet assay provided positive results, it is noteworthy that based upon negative findings in the micronucleus test, the data did not demonstrate significant changes in the genetic material that might affect the therapeutic use of IFM. The stimulation of expression of P53 and BCL-2 genes at 24 hr followed by a decline at 48 hr suggest a transient, if any, effect on genetic material. However, there is still a need for more research to more comprehensively understand the genotoxic profile of this medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2397643
Natalia Nati, Iasmini Nicoli Galter, Iara Souza Costa, Emily Fabre Garcia, Gabriel Amorim Lopes, Hildegardo Seibert França, Levi Pompermayer Machado, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva, Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
Lemna aequinoctialis (duckweed) is the smallest and fast-growing aquatic plant species producing protein-rich biomass with high protein nutritional value, phytoremediation capacity, and nutrient removal from wastewater. Duckweed may also be used as a new potential bioreactor for biological products, such as vaccines, antibodies, and pharmaceutical proteins. Based upon the potential importanc of L. aequinoctialis in phytoremediation and as a bioreactor the aim of this study was to (1) characterize the chemical and nutritional profiles of L. aequinoctialis biomass utilizing an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system (IMTA) and a pond, and (2) investigate the cytotoxic potential of different concentrations of organic extracts and fractions using the MTT bioassay. EDXRF and ICP-MS analyses indicated the presence of trace elements in lower amounts in relation to the biomass of L. aequinoctialis in the lagoon, emphasizing the importance of plant inclusion management to reduce bioaccumulation of these elements. Analysis of mineral profiles, fatty acids, and amino acids indicated a satisfactory nutritional composition for the use of biomass as a bioproduct. Pigment analysis showed a high concentration of carotenoids, especially astaxanthin. After standardizing the controls, the MTT cell viability test was carried out utilizing rat hepatoma cell line (HTC), which are metabolizing cells that were treated with aqueous or ethanolic extracts and the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions at different concentrations. No apparent cytotoxic potential was observed following treatments, since there was no significant reduction in cell viability. Therefore, this study provides information regarding the biomass of L. aequinoctialis derived from the IMTA system, which might support further research into the application of this species as a bioproduct.
浮萍(Lemna aequinoctialis)是最小且生长迅速的水生植物物种,可产生富含蛋白质的生物质,具有高蛋白营养价值、植物修复能力和去除废水中的营养物质的能力。浮萍还可作为生物制品(如疫苗、抗体和药物蛋白)的一种新的潜在生物反应器。基于鸭舌草在植物修复和生物反应器方面的潜在重要性,本研究的目的是:(1)利用综合多营养水产养殖系统(IMTA)和池塘分析鸭舌草生物质的化学和营养特征;(2)使用 MTT 生物测定法研究不同浓度的有机提取物和馏分的细胞毒性潜力。乙二胺四乙酸显色荧光光谱(EDXRF)和 ICP-MS 分析表明,泻湖中存在的微量元素含量低于 L. aequinoctialis 的生物量,强调了植物包容性管理对减少这些元素生物累积的重要性。矿物质、脂肪酸和氨基酸分析表明,生物质作为生物产品的营养成分令人满意。色素分析表明,类胡萝卜素的浓度很高,尤其是虾青素。在对对照组进行标准化处理后,利用大鼠肝癌细胞系(HTC)进行了 MTT 细胞存活率测试,这些细胞系是用水溶液或乙醇提取物以及不同浓度的二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和甲醇馏分处理过的代谢细胞。处理后未观察到明显的细胞毒性,因为细胞活力没有显著降低。因此,本研究提供了有关从 IMTA 系统中提取的 L. aequinoctialis 生物质的信息,这可能有助于进一步研究该物种作为生物产品的应用。
{"title":"Cytotoxicity, chemical, and nutritional profile evaluation of biomass extracts of the <i>Lemna aequinoctialis</i> (duckweed) aquatic plant.","authors":"Natalia Nati, Iasmini Nicoli Galter, Iara Souza Costa, Emily Fabre Garcia, Gabriel Amorim Lopes, Hildegardo Seibert França, Levi Pompermayer Machado, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva, Silvia Tamie Matsumoto","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2397643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2024.2397643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lemna aequinoctialis</i> (duckweed) is the smallest and fast-growing aquatic plant species producing protein-rich biomass with high protein nutritional value, phytoremediation capacity, and nutrient removal from wastewater. Duckweed may also be used as a new potential bioreactor for biological products, such as vaccines, antibodies, and pharmaceutical proteins. Based upon the potential importanc of <i>L. aequinoctialis</i> in phytoremediation and as a bioreactor the aim of this study was to (1) characterize the chemical and nutritional profiles of <i>L. aequinoctialis</i> biomass utilizing an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system (IMTA) and a pond, and (2) investigate the cytotoxic potential of different concentrations of organic extracts and fractions using the MTT bioassay. EDXRF and ICP-MS analyses indicated the presence of trace elements in lower amounts in relation to the biomass of <i>L. aequinoctialis</i> in the lagoon, emphasizing the importance of plant inclusion management to reduce bioaccumulation of these elements. Analysis of mineral profiles, fatty acids, and amino acids indicated a satisfactory nutritional composition for the use of biomass as a bioproduct. Pigment analysis showed a high concentration of carotenoids, especially astaxanthin. After standardizing the controls, the MTT cell viability test was carried out utilizing rat hepatoma cell line (HTC), which are metabolizing cells that were treated with aqueous or ethanolic extracts and the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions at different concentrations. No apparent cytotoxic potential was observed following treatments, since there was no significant reduction in cell viability. Therefore, this study provides information regarding the biomass of <i>L. aequinoctialis</i> derived from the IMTA system, which might support further research into the application of this species as a bioproduct.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2366320
Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva, Anderson Lourenção, Gustavo Franciscatti Mecina, Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo, Maria Do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira, Mathias Ahii Chia, Filipe Oiveira Granero, Célia Cristina Malaguti Figueiredo, Levi Pompermayer Machado, Luciana Pereira Silva
Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the most predominant freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium found globally which is capable of producing toxic secondary metabolites including microcystins that might intoxicate animals and humans when contaminated water or food is ingested. Salvinia auriculata Aubl is one of the plants that might possess bioactive compounds capable of controlling growth and reproduction of M. aeruginosa. The present study aimed to determine the presence of bioactive compounds in S. auriculata extracts and determine alterations occurred in growth and reproduction of M. aeruginosa when exposed to these plant extracts. In addition, this investigation aimed to examine the influence of S. auriculata on antioxidant enzymes detected in M. aeruginosa. The results obtained demonstrated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of S. auriculata presented potential for control of cyanobacteria populations, exhibiting algicidal action on M. aeruginosa as well as interfering in antioxidant enzymes activities and parameters associated with oxidative stress. Phytochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids content in both extracts. In addition, application of S. auriculata extracts did not produce cytogenotoxicity and/or mutagenicity utilizing Allium cepa test. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to identify and characterize the compounds responsible for these effects on M. aeruginosa and provide information regarding the possible application of S. auriculata in the treatment of drinking water.
铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)是全球发现的最主要的淡水藻华蓝藻之一,它能够产生有毒的次级代谢物,包括微囊藻毒素,当动物和人类摄入受污染的水或食物时可能会中毒。Salvinia auriculata Aubl 是可能具有生物活性化合物的植物之一,能够控制铜绿微囊藻的生长和繁殖。本研究旨在确定 S. auriculata 提取物中是否存在生物活性化合物,并确定铜绿微囊藻暴露于这些植物提取物时的生长和繁殖情况。此外,这项调查还旨在研究枳实对铜绿微囊藻中检测到的抗氧化酶的影响。研究结果表明,枳实的水提取物和乙醇提取物具有控制蓝藻种群的潜力,对铜绿微囊藻具有杀藻作用,并能干扰抗氧化酶的活性和氧化应激相关参数。植物化学分析表明,两种提取物中都含有多酚和黄酮类化合物。此外,在薤白试验中,使用枳实提取物不会产生细胞毒性和/或诱变性。因此,还需要进行进一步的研究,以确定对铜绿微囊藻产生这些影响的化合物及其特征,并就枳实提取物在饮用水处理中的可能应用提供信息。
{"title":"Physiological and toxicological response of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> BCCUSP232 exposed to <i>Salvinia auriculata</i> extracts.","authors":"Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva, Anderson Lourenção, Gustavo Franciscatti Mecina, Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo, Maria Do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira, Mathias Ahii Chia, Filipe Oiveira Granero, Célia Cristina Malaguti Figueiredo, Levi Pompermayer Machado, Luciana Pereira Silva","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2366320","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2366320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> is one of the most predominant freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium found globally which is capable of producing toxic secondary metabolites including microcystins that might intoxicate animals and humans when contaminated water or food is ingested. <i>Salvinia auriculata</i> Aubl is one of the plants that might possess bioactive compounds capable of controlling growth and reproduction of <i>M. aeruginosa</i>. The present study aimed to determine the presence of bioactive compounds in <i>S. auriculata</i> extracts and determine alterations occurred in growth and reproduction of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> when exposed to these plant extracts. In addition, this investigation aimed to examine the influence of <i>S. auriculata</i> on antioxidant enzymes detected in <i>M. aeruginosa</i>. The results obtained demonstrated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>S. auriculata</i> presented potential for control of cyanobacteria populations, exhibiting algicidal action on <i>M. aeruginosa</i> as well as interfering in antioxidant enzymes activities and parameters associated with oxidative stress. Phytochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids content in both extracts. In addition, application of <i>S. auriculata</i> extracts did not produce cytogenotoxicity and/or mutagenicity utilizing <i>Allium cepa</i> test. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to identify and characterize the compounds responsible for these effects on <i>M. aeruginosa</i> and provide information regarding the possible application of <i>S. auriculata</i> in the treatment of drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2361247
Julian Stocker, Micaele Wolfarth, Johnny Ferraz Dias, Liana Appel Boufleur Niekraszewicz, Cristina V Cademartori, Fernanda R da Silva
The aviation sector is believed to be responsible for considerable environmental damage attributed to emission of a large number and amount of pollutants. Airports are often surrounded by forest fragments and humid areas that attract birds of prey and hence may potentially serve as useful bioindicators. The aim of the present study was to examine genotoxic potential in raptors exposed to airport pollution using the micronucleus (MN) test and morphological changes as evidenced by bilateral symmetry. This investigation was conducted at Salgado Filho International Airport of Porto Alegre - RS as well as in private and zoological breeding grounds. The presence of metals was measured in the blood cells of the collected birds. Seventeen birds (Caracara (Polyborus) plancus) were used in this study 11 from exposed and 6 from non-exposed group. The nuclear alterations clearly indicate that organisms exposed to airport pollution exhibited a significantly higher frequency of genetic damage compared to non-exposed birds. Further, manganese and chromium were detected exclusively in the blood of the exposed group. In contrast, the analysis of bilateral symmetry did not detect any significant morphologic differences between the two groups. Therefore, data indicate that blood genotoxic stress occurs in birds of prey living in civil aviation areas as evidenced by MN frequency increase and presence of manganese and chromium.
{"title":"Presence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in <i>Caracara (Polyborus) plancus</i> living in an airport area in southern Brazil.","authors":"Julian Stocker, Micaele Wolfarth, Johnny Ferraz Dias, Liana Appel Boufleur Niekraszewicz, Cristina V Cademartori, Fernanda R da Silva","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2361247","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2361247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aviation sector is believed to be responsible for considerable environmental damage attributed to emission of a large number and amount of pollutants. Airports are often surrounded by forest fragments and humid areas that attract birds of prey and hence may potentially serve as useful bioindicators. The aim of the present study was to examine genotoxic potential in raptors exposed to airport pollution using the micronucleus (MN) test and morphological changes as evidenced by bilateral symmetry. This investigation was conducted at Salgado Filho International Airport of Porto Alegre - RS as well as in private and zoological breeding grounds. The presence of metals was measured in the blood cells of the collected birds. Seventeen birds (<i>Caracara (Polyborus) plancus</i>) were used in this study 11 from exposed and 6 from non-exposed group. The nuclear alterations clearly indicate that organisms exposed to airport pollution exhibited a significantly higher frequency of genetic damage compared to non-exposed birds. Further, manganese and chromium were detected exclusively in the blood of the exposed group. In contrast, the analysis of bilateral symmetry did not detect any significant morphologic differences between the two groups. Therefore, data indicate that blood genotoxic stress occurs in birds of prey living in civil aviation areas as evidenced by MN frequency increase and presence of manganese and chromium.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2362809
Jéssyca Moreira Morais, Rafaella da Silva Brito, Patrícia Saiki, Felipe Cirqueira Dias, Jerônimo Raimundo de Oliveira Neto, Luiz Carlos da Cunha, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão
The increasing use of UV filters, such as benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), has raised concerns regarding their ecotoxicological effects on the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study was to examine the embryo-larval toxicity attributed to BP-3 or TiO2 NPs, either alone or in a mixture, utilizing zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of these compounds. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BP-3 (10, 100, or 1000 ng/L) or TiO2 NPs (1000 ng/L) alone or in a mixture (BP-3 10, 100, or 1000 ng/L plus 1000 ng/L of TiO2 NPs) under static conditions for 144 hr. After exposure, BP-3 levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). BP-3 levels increased in the presence of TiO2 NPs, indicating that the BP-3 degradation decreased in the presence of the NPs. In addition, in the presence of zebrafish, BP-3 levels in water decreased, indicating that zebrafish embryos and larvae might absorb BP-3. Data demonstrated that, in general, environmentally relevant concentrations of BP-3 and TiO2 NPs, either alone or in a mixture, did not significantly induce changes in heart and spontaneous contractions frequencies, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), morphological and morphometric parameters as well as mortality rates during 144 hr exposure. However, the groups exposed to TiO2 NPs alone and in a mixture with BP-3 at 10 ng/L exhibited an earlier significant hatching rate than the controls. Altogether, the data indicates that a potential ecotoxicological impact on the aquatic environment exists.
{"title":"Ecotoxicological assessment of UV filters benzophenone-3 and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, isolated and in a mixture, in developing zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>).","authors":"Jéssyca Moreira Morais, Rafaella da Silva Brito, Patrícia Saiki, Felipe Cirqueira Dias, Jerônimo Raimundo de Oliveira Neto, Luiz Carlos da Cunha, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2362809","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2362809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing use of UV filters, such as benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs), has raised concerns regarding their ecotoxicological effects on the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study was to examine the embryo-larval toxicity attributed to BP-3 or TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, either alone or in a mixture, utilizing zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) as a model after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of these compounds. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BP-3 (10, 100, or 1000 ng/L) or TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (1000 ng/L) alone or in a mixture (BP-3 10, 100, or 1000 ng/L plus 1000 ng/L of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) under static conditions for 144 hr. After exposure, BP-3 levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). BP-3 levels increased in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, indicating that the BP-3 degradation decreased in the presence of the NPs. In addition, in the presence of zebrafish, BP-3 levels in water decreased, indicating that zebrafish embryos and larvae might absorb BP-3. Data demonstrated that, in general, environmentally relevant concentrations of BP-3 and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, either alone or in a mixture, did not significantly induce changes in heart and spontaneous contractions frequencies, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), morphological and morphometric parameters as well as mortality rates during 144 hr exposure. However, the groups exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs alone and in a mixture with BP-3 at 10 ng/L exhibited an earlier significant hatching rate than the controls. Altogether, the data indicates that a potential ecotoxicological impact on the aquatic environment exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}