Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2393770
Hyang Yeon Kim, Jung Dae Lee, HongYoon Kim, YuJin Kim, Jin Ju Park, Soo Bean Oh, Hyeyoon Goo, Kyong Jin Cho, Kyu-Bong Kim
Dry eye disease (DED) is an ophthalmic disease associated with poor quality and quantity of tears, and the number of patients is steadily increasing. The aim of this study was to determine plasma and urine metabolites obtained from DED scopolamine animal model where dry eye conditions (DRY) are induced. It was also of interest to examine whether DED (scopolamine) rat model was exacerbated by treatment with benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Subsequently, plasma and urine metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), respectively. Data demonstrated that DED indicators such as tear volume, tear breakup time (TBUT), and corneal damage in the DED groups (DRY and BAC group) differed from those of control (CON). Similar results were noted in inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots, the three groups were distinctly separated from each other. In addition, the related metabolites were also associated with these distinct separations as evidenced by 9 and 14 in plasma and urine, respectively. Almost all of the selected metabolites were decreased in the DRY group compared to CON, and the BAC group was lower than the DRY. In plasma and urine, lysophosphatidylcholine/lysophosphatidylethanolamine, organic acids, amino acids, and sugars varied between three groups, and these metabolites were related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Data suggest that treatment with scopolamine with/without BAC-induced DED and affected the level of systemic metabolites involved in inflammation and oxidative stress.
{"title":"Mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics of plasma and urine in dry eye disease (DED)-induced rat model.","authors":"Hyang Yeon Kim, Jung Dae Lee, HongYoon Kim, YuJin Kim, Jin Ju Park, Soo Bean Oh, Hyeyoon Goo, Kyong Jin Cho, Kyu-Bong Kim","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2393770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2024.2393770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry eye disease (DED) is an ophthalmic disease associated with poor quality and quantity of tears, and the number of patients is steadily increasing. The aim of this study was to determine plasma and urine metabolites obtained from DED scopolamine animal model where dry eye conditions (DRY) are induced. It was also of interest to examine whether DED (scopolamine) rat model was exacerbated by treatment with benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Subsequently, plasma and urine metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), respectively. Data demonstrated that DED indicators such as tear volume, tear breakup time (TBUT), and corneal damage in the DED groups (DRY and BAC group) differed from those of control (CON). Similar results were noted in inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots, the three groups were distinctly separated from each other. In addition, the related metabolites were also associated with these distinct separations as evidenced by 9 and 14 in plasma and urine, respectively. Almost all of the selected metabolites were decreased in the DRY group compared to CON, and the BAC group was lower than the DRY. In plasma and urine, lysophosphatidylcholine/lysophosphatidylethanolamine, organic acids, amino acids, and sugars varied between three groups, and these metabolites were related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Data suggest that treatment with scopolamine with/without BAC-induced DED and affected the level of systemic metabolites involved in inflammation and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-17Epub Date: 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2358352
Keila Tamires da Silva Santana, Ketsia Sabrina Do Nascimento Marinho, Lucas Felipe de Melo Alcântara, Carolayne Maria da Silva Carvalho, Wliana Alves Viturino da Silva, Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira, Marllyn Marques da Silva, Talita Giselly Dos Santos Souza, Luiz Alberto Lira Soares, Cristiano Aparecido Chagas, Francisco Carlos Amanajás de Aguiar Júnior, Noemia Pereira da Silva Santos, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia, Katharine Raquel Pereira Dos Santos, Márcia Vanusa da Silva
Pseudobombax marginatum, popularly known as "embiratanha," is widely used by traditional communities as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile as well as cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity attributed to exposure to aqueous (AqEx) and ethanolic (EtEx) extracts of embiratanha bark. Phytochemical screening was conducted using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay with human mammary gland adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and macrophage (J774A.1) cell lines, exposed to concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 µg/ml of either extract. For acute oral toxicity, comet assay and micronucleus (MN) tests, a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg of either extract was administered orally to Wistar rats. TLC analysis identified classes of metabolites in the extracts, including cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins, coumarins, and terpenes/steroids. In the cytotoxicity assay, the varying concentrations of extracts derived from embiratanha induced no significant alterations in the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The lowest concentration of EtEx significantly increased macrophage J774A.1 viability. However, the higher concentrations of AqEx markedly lowered macrophage J774A.1 viability. Animals exhibited no toxicity in the parameters analyzed in acute oral toxicity, comet assay, and MN tests. Further, EtEx promoted a significant reduction in DNA damage index and DNA damage frequency utilizing the comet assay, while the group treated with AqEx exhibited no marked differences. Thus, data demonstrated that AqEx or EtEx of embiratanha may be considered safe at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg orgally under our experimental conditions tested.
{"title":"Phytochemical profile and determination of cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>Pseudobombax marginatum</i> (A. St.-Hil.) A. Robyns.","authors":"Keila Tamires da Silva Santana, Ketsia Sabrina Do Nascimento Marinho, Lucas Felipe de Melo Alcântara, Carolayne Maria da Silva Carvalho, Wliana Alves Viturino da Silva, Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira, Marllyn Marques da Silva, Talita Giselly Dos Santos Souza, Luiz Alberto Lira Soares, Cristiano Aparecido Chagas, Francisco Carlos Amanajás de Aguiar Júnior, Noemia Pereira da Silva Santos, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia, Katharine Raquel Pereira Dos Santos, Márcia Vanusa da Silva","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2358352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2024.2358352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudobombax marginatum</i>, popularly known as \"embiratanha,\" is widely used by traditional communities as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile as well as cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity attributed to exposure to aqueous (AqEx) and ethanolic (EtEx) extracts of embiratanha bark. Phytochemical screening was conducted using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay with human mammary gland adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and macrophage (J774A.1) cell lines, exposed to concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 µg/ml of either extract. For acute oral toxicity, comet assay and micronucleus (MN) tests, a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg of either extract was administered orally to Wistar rats. TLC analysis identified classes of metabolites in the extracts, including cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins, coumarins, and terpenes/steroids. In the cytotoxicity assay, the varying concentrations of extracts derived from embiratanha induced no significant alterations in the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The lowest concentration of EtEx significantly increased macrophage J774A.1 viability. However, the higher concentrations of AqEx markedly lowered macrophage J774A.1 viability. Animals exhibited no toxicity in the parameters analyzed in acute oral toxicity, comet assay, and MN tests. Further, EtEx promoted a significant reduction in DNA damage index and DNA damage frequency utilizing the comet assay, while the group treated with AqEx exhibited no marked differences. Thus, data demonstrated that AqEx or EtEx of embiratanha may be considered safe at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg orgally under our experimental conditions tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-17Epub Date: 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2356861
Preeti Bagri, Vinod Kumar
The present study aimed to determine the genoprotective activity and safety of Moringa oleifera leave and Tinospora cordifolia stem extracts against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity utilizing Swiss albino mice. Animals were divided into 14 groups for subacute treatment with either M. oleifera or T. cordifolia extracts daily for 28 days. The extract doses selected were 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg b.w administered orally alone or combined with CP (50 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally daily for 5 days). Analyses performed included the comet assay, micronucleus test (MN) in bone marrow cells and sperm head abnormality assay (SHA). M. oleifera and T. cordifolia extracts induced no significant genotoxic effects on somatic and germ cells. In contrast, for all cells examined M. oleifera and T. cordifolia extracts inhibited DNA damage initiated by CP. Taken together data demonstrated that both plant extracts did not exhibit marked genotoxic effects but displayed potential chemoprotective properties against CP-induced genotoxicity in Swiss mice.
本研究旨在利用瑞士白化小鼠,确定油辣木叶和椴树茎提取物对环磷酰胺(CP)诱导的基因毒性的基因保护活性和安全性。动物被分为 14 组,每天接受油橄榄叶提取物或椴树茎提取物的亚急性治疗,连续 28 天。选择的提取物剂量为 100、200 或 400 毫克/千克体重,单独口服或与氯化石蜡(50 毫克/千克体重,每天腹腔注射,连续 5 天)联合使用。进行的分析包括彗星试验、骨髓细胞微核试验(MN)和精子头部异常试验(SHA)。M. oleifera 和 T. cordifolia 提取物对体细胞和生殖细胞没有明显的遗传毒性作用。相反,对于所有受检细胞,M. oleifera 和 T. cordifolia 提取物都能抑制由氯化石蜡引发的 DNA 损伤。总之,数据表明这两种植物提取物没有表现出明显的基因毒性作用,但对氯化石蜡诱导的瑞士小鼠基因毒性具有潜在的化学保护特性。
{"title":"Determination of genoprotection against cyclophosphamide induced toxicity in bone marrow of Swiss albino mice by <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves and <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> stem.","authors":"Preeti Bagri, Vinod Kumar","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2356861","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2356861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to determine the genoprotective activity and safety of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leave and <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> stem extracts against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity utilizing Swiss albino mice. Animals were divided into 14 groups for subacute treatment with either <i>M. oleifera</i> or <i>T. cordifolia</i> extracts daily for 28 days. The extract doses selected were 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg b.w administered orally alone or combined with CP (50 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally daily for 5 days). Analyses performed included the comet assay, micronucleus test (MN) in bone marrow cells and sperm head abnormality assay (SHA). <i>M. oleifera</i> and <i>T. cordifolia</i> extracts induced no significant genotoxic effects on somatic and germ cells. In contrast, for all cells examined <i>M. oleifera</i> and <i>T. cordifolia</i> extracts inhibited DNA damage initiated by CP. Taken together data demonstrated that both plant extracts did not exhibit marked genotoxic effects but displayed potential chemoprotective properties against CP-induced genotoxicity in Swiss mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02Epub Date: 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2352122
Sung-Hee Lee, A-Ram Kim, Jiho Lee
Numerous studies have suggested that noise exposure might be associated with changes in stress hormone levels. However, quantitative evidence for these effects in humans is rare and remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of exposure to noise and its different levels on stress hormone changes in task performance. Quasi-experimental noise exposure environment was established for 90 male university student volunteers in their twenties, and each was exposed to different noise levels during task performance. The stress hormones tested included cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenaline, and noradrenaline. A one-way ANOVA was performed to investigate differences in hormone levels measured in the three groups according to the noise exposure levels (35, 45, or 75 dB). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to adjust for confounding factors that might affect hormone levels. After adjusting for confounders, significant exposure-dependent differences were found in hormone levels in salivary cortisol, serum cortisol, serum ACTH, and serum adrenaline. The amount of hormonal increase in 75 dB exposure group compared to 35 or 45 dB groups was detected. Similar results were also seen in the rate of change analysis. Our findings indicate that short-term noise exposure during task performance elevates stress hormone levels. Further, the extent of stress hormone alterations varies with noise exposure levels. Changes in hormone levels are an objective measure that may be used to identify health effects and stress responses in various noise environments.
{"title":"Effects of noise exposure on stress hormone changes during task performance in young Korean men: quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Sung-Hee Lee, A-Ram Kim, Jiho Lee","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2352122","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2352122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies have suggested that noise exposure might be associated with changes in stress hormone levels. However, quantitative evidence for these effects in humans is rare and remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of exposure to noise and its different levels on stress hormone changes in task performance. Quasi-experimental noise exposure environment was established for 90 male university student volunteers in their twenties, and each was exposed to different noise levels during task performance. The stress hormones tested included cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenaline, and noradrenaline. A one-way ANOVA was performed to investigate differences in hormone levels measured in the three groups according to the noise exposure levels (35, 45, or 75 dB). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to adjust for confounding factors that might affect hormone levels. After adjusting for confounders, significant exposure-dependent differences were found in hormone levels in salivary cortisol, serum cortisol, serum ACTH, and serum adrenaline. The amount of hormonal increase in 75 dB exposure group compared to 35 or 45 dB groups was detected. Similar results were also seen in the rate of change analysis. Our findings indicate that short-term noise exposure during task performance elevates stress hormone levels. Further, the extent of stress hormone alterations varies with noise exposure levels. Changes in hormone levels are an objective measure that may be used to identify health effects and stress responses in various noise environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skin cancer is the most widespread type of malignant tumor representing a major public health concern. Considering the numerous side effects associated with conventional treatments, phytotherapy may be regarded as a viable medicinal alternative. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Orbea variegata (L.) Haw, an ornamental plant, in treating skin cancer using an animal model induced by a combination of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and sulfuric acid treatment. The hydroethanolic extract of Orbea variegata underwent phytochemical characterization, identifying the presence of reducing sugars, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins through qualitative screening. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significant amounts of phenolic compounds (29.435 ± 0.571 mg GAE/g of dry extract), flavonoids (6.711 ± 0.272 mg QE/g of dry extract), and tannins (274.037 ± 11.3 mg CE/g of dry extract). The administration the hydroethanolic extract in two concentrations (1 or 2 g/kg) to male Swiss mice exhibited no marked adverse effects, as evidenced by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity levels. In addition, the extract significantly reduced skin hyperplasia and inflammation induced by UV/sulfuric acid treatment as noted in tissue analyses and decreased protein expression of nuclear proliferation marker (Ki-67). This improvement was associated with a marked decrease in oxidative stress, as indicated by diminished lipid peroxidation levels, and restoration of the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) to control levels. Our findings demonstrated the potential of Orbea variegata hydroethanolic extract to be considered as a treatment for skin cancer, exhibiting its apparent safety and efficacy in reducing inflammation and carcinogenesis in a UV/sulfuric acid-induced Swiss mouse model, attributed to its phytochemical content and associated antioxidant activities.
{"title":"<i>Orbea variegata</i> (L.) Haw in skin carcinogenesis: insights from an <i>in vivo</i> male Swiss mouse model study.","authors":"Oumaima Chgari, Hicham Wahnou, Martin Ndayambaje, Fatimazahra Moukhfi, Ouafae Benkhnigue, Farida Marnissi, Youness Limami, Mounia Oudghiri","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2354790","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2354790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer is the most widespread type of malignant tumor representing a major public health concern. Considering the numerous side effects associated with conventional treatments, phytotherapy may be regarded as a viable medicinal alternative. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of <i>Orbea variegata</i> (L.) Haw, an ornamental plant, in treating skin cancer using an animal model induced by a combination of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and sulfuric acid treatment. The hydroethanolic extract of <i>Orbea variegata</i> underwent phytochemical characterization, identifying the presence of reducing sugars, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins through qualitative screening. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significant amounts of phenolic compounds (29.435 ± 0.571 mg GAE/g of dry extract), flavonoids (6.711 ± 0.272 mg QE/g of dry extract), and tannins (274.037 ± 11.3 mg CE/g of dry extract). The administration the hydroethanolic extract in two concentrations (1 or 2 g/kg) to male <i>Swiss</i> mice exhibited no marked adverse effects, as evidenced by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity levels. In addition, the extract significantly reduced skin hyperplasia and inflammation induced by UV/sulfuric acid treatment as noted in tissue analyses and decreased protein expression of nuclear proliferation marker (Ki-67). This improvement was associated with a marked decrease in oxidative stress, as indicated by diminished lipid peroxidation levels, and restoration of the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) to control levels. Our findings demonstrated the potential of <i>Orbea variegata</i> hydroethanolic extract to be considered as a treatment for skin cancer, exhibiting its apparent safety and efficacy in reducing inflammation and carcinogenesis in a UV/sulfuric acid-induced <i>Swiss</i> mouse model, attributed to its phytochemical content and associated antioxidant activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02Epub Date: 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2352787
Ellen Jaqueline Mendes, Samara Cristina Mazon, Isabella Bodanese Marsaro, Maria Eduarda Hermes, Adrieli Sachett, Kanandra Taisa Bertoncello, Fernando Rafael de Moura, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior, Liz Girardi Müller, Cássia Alves Lima-Rezende, Anna Maria Siebel
Agriculture has gained increasing importance in response to the continuous growth of the world population and constant need for food. To avoid production losses, farmers commonly use pesticides. Mancozeb is a fungicide used in agriculture as this compound is effective in combating fungi that harm crops. However, this fungicide may also produce damage to non-target organisms present in soil and water. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of exposure to mancozeb on survival rate, locomotor activity, behavior, and oxidative status utilizing adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of this pesticide. The experimental groups were negative control, positive control, and mancozeb (0.3; 1.02; 3.47; 11.8 or 40 μg/L). Zebrafish were exposed to the respective treatments for 96 hr. Exposure to mancozeb did not markedly alter survival rate and oxidative status of Danio rerio. At a concentration of 11.8 μg/L, the fungicide initiated changes in locomotor pattern of the animals. The results obtained suggest that the presence of mancozeb in the environment might produce locomotor alterations in adult zebrafish, which subsequently disrupt the animals' innate defense mechanisms. In nature, this effect attributed to mancozeb on non-target organisms might result in adverse population impacts and ecological imbalance.
{"title":"Investigation on the mancozeb toxicity in adult zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>).","authors":"Ellen Jaqueline Mendes, Samara Cristina Mazon, Isabella Bodanese Marsaro, Maria Eduarda Hermes, Adrieli Sachett, Kanandra Taisa Bertoncello, Fernando Rafael de Moura, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior, Liz Girardi Müller, Cássia Alves Lima-Rezende, Anna Maria Siebel","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2352787","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2352787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agriculture has gained increasing importance in response to the continuous growth of the world population and constant need for food. To avoid production losses, farmers commonly use pesticides. Mancozeb is a fungicide used in agriculture as this compound is effective in combating fungi that harm crops. However, this fungicide may also produce damage to non-target organisms present in soil and water. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of exposure to mancozeb on survival rate, locomotor activity, behavior, and oxidative status utilizing adult zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) as a model following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of this pesticide. The experimental groups were negative control, positive control, and mancozeb (0.3; 1.02; 3.47; 11.8 or 40 μg/L). Zebrafish were exposed to the respective treatments for 96 hr. Exposure to mancozeb did not markedly alter survival rate and oxidative status of <i>Danio rerio</i>. At a concentration of 11.8 μg/L, the fungicide initiated changes in locomotor pattern of the animals. The results obtained suggest that the presence of mancozeb in the environment might produce locomotor alterations in adult zebrafish, which subsequently disrupt the animals' innate defense mechanisms. In nature, this effect attributed to mancozeb on non-target organisms might result in adverse population impacts and ecological imbalance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17Epub Date: 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2346582
Michelle Fiamingo, Aleah Bailey, Sydnie Toler, Kaleb Lee, Wendy Oshiro, Brendan Yoo, Todd Krantz, Paul Evansky, David Davies, M Ian Gilmour, Aimen Farraj, Ilona Jaspers, Mehdi S Hazari
Living conditions are an important modifier of individual health outcomes and may lead to higher allostatic load (AL). However, housing-induced cardiovascular and immune effects contributing to altered environmental responsiveness remain understudied. This investigation was conducted to examine the influence of enriched (EH) versus depleted housing (DH) conditions on cardiopulmonary functions, systemic immune responses, and allostatic load in response to a single wildfire smoke (WS) exposure in mice. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were divided into EH or DH for 22 weeks, and cardiopulmonary assessments measured before and after exposures to either one-hr filtered air (FA) or flaming eucalyptus WS exposure. Male and female DH mice exhibited increased heart rate (HR) and left ventricular mass (LVM), as well as reduced stroke volume and end diastolic volume (EDV) one week following exposure to WS. Female DH mice displayed significantly elevated levels of IL-2, IL-17, corticosterone and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) following WS, while female in EH mice higher epinephrine levels were detected. Female mice exhibited higher AL than males with DH, which was potentiated post-WS exposure. Thus, DH increased susceptibility to extreme air pollution in a gender-dependent manner suggesting that living conditions need to be evaluated as a modifier of toxicological responses.
居住条件是影响个人健康状况的重要因素,并可能导致较高的异位负荷(AL)。然而,人们对住房引起的心血管和免疫效应导致环境反应性改变的研究仍然不足。本研究旨在考察富集(EH)与贫瘠饲养(DH)条件对小鼠心肺功能、全身免疫反应和异质负荷的影响,以及小鼠对单次野火烟雾(WS)暴露的反应。雌雄C57BL/6J小鼠被分为EH或DH饲养22周,在暴露于一小时过滤空气(FA)或燃烧的桉树WS烟雾前后测量心肺功能。暴露于WS一周后,雄性和雌性DH小鼠表现出心率(HR)和左心室质量(LVM)增加,以及中风量和舒张末期容积(EDV)减少。雌性 DH 小鼠在接触 WS 后 IL-2、IL-17、皮质酮和血红蛋白 A1c(HbA1c)水平明显升高,而雌性 EH 小鼠的肾上腺素水平较高。雌性小鼠比雄性小鼠表现出更高的 AL 值,这种 AL 值在接触 WS 后会增强。因此,DH以性别依赖的方式增加了对极端空气污染的易感性,这表明需要将生活条件作为毒理学反应的调节因素进行评估。
{"title":"Enriched housing differentially alters allostatic load and cardiopulmonary responses to wildfire-related smoke in male and female mice.","authors":"Michelle Fiamingo, Aleah Bailey, Sydnie Toler, Kaleb Lee, Wendy Oshiro, Brendan Yoo, Todd Krantz, Paul Evansky, David Davies, M Ian Gilmour, Aimen Farraj, Ilona Jaspers, Mehdi S Hazari","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2346582","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2346582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Living conditions are an important modifier of individual health outcomes and may lead to higher allostatic load (AL). However, housing-induced cardiovascular and immune effects contributing to altered environmental responsiveness remain understudied. This investigation was conducted to examine the influence of enriched (EH) versus depleted housing (DH) conditions on cardiopulmonary functions, systemic immune responses, and allostatic load in response to a single wildfire smoke (WS) exposure in mice. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were divided into EH or DH for 22 weeks, and cardiopulmonary assessments measured before and after exposures to either one-hr filtered air (FA) or flaming eucalyptus WS exposure. Male and female DH mice exhibited increased heart rate (HR) and left ventricular mass (LVM), as well as reduced stroke volume and end diastolic volume (EDV) one week following exposure to WS. Female DH mice displayed significantly elevated levels of IL-2, IL-17, corticosterone and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) following WS, while female in EH mice higher epinephrine levels were detected. Female mice exhibited higher AL than males with DH, which was potentiated post-WS exposure. Thus, DH increased susceptibility to extreme air pollution in a gender-dependent manner suggesting that living conditions need to be evaluated as a modifier of toxicological responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17Epub Date: 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2351476
Leila Viviany Araújo Coêlho, Elinaldo Francisco de Lima Bento, Wêndeo Kennedy Costa, Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira, Luiz Alberto Lira Soares, Márcia Vanusa da Silva, Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva, Alisson Macário de Oliveira, Thiago Henrique Napoleão
Punica granatum, popularly known as pomegranate, is a fruit tree with wide worldwide distribution, containing numerous phytochemicals of great medicinal value. The aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential of a protein fraction (PF) derived from P. granatum sarcotesta which is rich in lectin. In addition, the acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of this protein fraction (PF) from P. granatum sarcotesta was measured. The phytochemical profile of PF was determined using HPLC. The in vitro antioxidant effect was assessed using the methods of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging. Acute oral toxicity was determined in female Swiss mice administered a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. This PF was examined for genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, utilizing mouse peripheral blood cells. Phytochemical characterization detected a high content of ellagic acid and antioxidant capacity similar to that of ascorbic acid (positive control). PF was not toxic (LD50 >2000 mg/kg) and did not exert a genotoxic effect in mice. PF protected the DNA of peripheral blood cells against damage induced by cyclophosphamide. In conclusion, this PF fraction exhibited significant antioxidant activity without initiating toxic or genotoxic responses in mice.
{"title":"Evaluation of cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, genotoxicity and antioxidant and antigenotoxicity activities of the sarcotesta fraction of <i>punica granatum</i> L. rich in lectin (PgTel).","authors":"Leila Viviany Araújo Coêlho, Elinaldo Francisco de Lima Bento, Wêndeo Kennedy Costa, Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira, Luiz Alberto Lira Soares, Márcia Vanusa da Silva, Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva, Alisson Macário de Oliveira, Thiago Henrique Napoleão","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2351476","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2351476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Punica granatum</i>, popularly known as pomegranate, is a fruit tree with wide worldwide distribution, containing numerous phytochemicals of great medicinal value. The aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential of a protein fraction (PF) derived from <i>P. granatum</i> sarcotesta which is rich in lectin. In addition, the acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of this protein fraction (PF) from <i>P. granatum</i> sarcotesta was measured. The phytochemical profile of PF was determined using HPLC. The <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant effect was assessed using the methods of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging. Acute oral toxicity was determined in female Swiss mice administered a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. This PF was examined for genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, utilizing mouse peripheral blood cells. Phytochemical characterization detected a high content of ellagic acid and antioxidant capacity similar to that of ascorbic acid (positive control). PF was not toxic (LD<sub>50</sub> >2000 mg/kg) and did not exert a genotoxic effect in mice. PF protected the DNA of peripheral blood cells against damage induced by cyclophosphamide. In conclusion, this PF fraction exhibited significant antioxidant activity without initiating toxic or genotoxic responses in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17Epub Date: 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2349107
Fabio Eduardo Dos Santos, Marcos Schleiden Sousa Carvalho, Maria Das GraçGraçAs Cardoso, Luciane Resende Vilela, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira
Natural products are usually considered harmless; however, these substances need to be consumed with caution. Biological assays with plant models are a suitable alternative for prospective studies to assess natural product-initiated toxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the toxic potential of leaf and flower extracts derived from Tropaeolum majus L. a widely used plant in traditional medicine. Seeds of Lactuca sativa L. were exposed to T. majus extracts and based upon the seedling growth curve values, the 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC50) was calculated and applied for cell cycle analysis exposure. Both extracts contained organic acids, proteins, amino acids, and terpene steroids. Sesquiterpene lactones and depside were detected in leaf extracts. The higher concentration tested exhibited a marked phytotoxic effect. The extracts induced clastogenic, aneugenic cytotoxic, and potential mutagenic effects. The possible relationships between the classes of compounds found in the extracts and effects on cells and DNA were determined.
天然产品通常被认为是无害的;但是,这些物质需要谨慎食用。使用植物模型进行生物检测是评估天然产品毒性的前瞻性研究的一种合适替代方法。本研究的目的是检测从传统医学中广泛使用的植物 Tropaeolum majus L. 提取的叶和花提取物的毒性潜力。将 Lactuca sativa L.的种子暴露于 T. majus 提取物中,根据幼苗生长曲线值计算出 50%的抑制浓度(IC50),并应用于细胞周期分析暴露。两种提取物都含有有机酸、蛋白质、氨基酸和萜烯类固醇。在叶提取物中还检测到了倍半萜内酯和副内酯。测试的高浓度提取物具有明显的植物毒性。萃取物具有致畸、缺氧细胞毒性和潜在的诱变作用。确定了提取物中发现的化合物类别与对细胞和 DNA 的影响之间可能存在的关系。
{"title":"Bioactivity of hydroalcoholic extracts from <i>tropaeolum majus</i> L. (tropaeolaceae) on the germination, initial plant development and cell cycle of <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.","authors":"Fabio Eduardo Dos Santos, Marcos Schleiden Sousa Carvalho, Maria Das GraçGraçAs Cardoso, Luciane Resende Vilela, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2349107","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2349107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products are usually considered harmless; however, these substances need to be consumed with caution. Biological assays with plant models are a suitable alternative for prospective studies to assess natural product-initiated toxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the toxic potential of leaf and flower extracts derived from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. a widely used plant in traditional medicine. Seeds of <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. were exposed to <i>T. majus</i> extracts and based upon the seedling growth curve values, the 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) was calculated and applied for cell cycle analysis exposure. Both extracts contained organic acids, proteins, amino acids, and terpene steroids. Sesquiterpene lactones and depside were detected in leaf extracts. The higher concentration tested exhibited a marked phytotoxic effect. The extracts induced clastogenic, aneugenic cytotoxic, and potential mutagenic effects. The possible relationships between the classes of compounds found in the extracts and effects on cells and DNA were determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02Epub Date: 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2345878
Raquel Stefanello, Raissa Tainá Puntel, Wagner Jesus da Silva Garcia, Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles
Seed conditioning with ultraviolet light (UV-C) might (1) improve crop yield and quality, (2) reduce the use of agrochemicals during cultivation, and (3) increase plant survival in high salinity environments. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of UV-C conditioning of white oat seeds at two doses (0.85 and 3.42 kJ m-2) under salinity stress (100 mM NaCl). Seeds were sown on germination paper and kept in a germination chamber at 20°C. Germination and seedling growth parameters were evaluated after 5 and 10 days. Data demonstrated that excess salt reduced germination and initial growth of white oat seedlings. In all the variables analyzed, exposure of seeds to UV-C under salt stress exerted a positive effect compared to non-irradiated control. The attenuating influence of UV-C in germination was greater at 0.85 than at 3.42 kJ m-2. Thus, data indicate that conditioning white oat seeds in UV-C light produced greater tolerance to salt stress. These findings suggest that UV-C conditioning of white oat seeds may be considered as a simple and economical strategy to alleviate salt-induced stress.
{"title":"Mitigating salt stress by conditioning seeds with ultraviolet light (UV-C) in white oats (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.).","authors":"Raquel Stefanello, Raissa Tainá Puntel, Wagner Jesus da Silva Garcia, Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2345878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2024.2345878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed conditioning with ultraviolet light (UV-C) might (1) improve crop yield and quality, (2) reduce the use of agrochemicals during cultivation, and (3) increase plant survival in high salinity environments. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of UV-C conditioning of white oat seeds at two doses (0.85 and 3.42 kJ m<sup>-2</sup>) under salinity stress (100 mM NaCl). Seeds were sown on germination paper and kept in a germination chamber at 20°C. Germination and seedling growth parameters were evaluated after 5 and 10 days. Data demonstrated that excess salt reduced germination and initial growth of white oat seedlings. In all the variables analyzed, exposure of seeds to UV-C under salt stress exerted a positive effect compared to non-irradiated control. The attenuating influence of UV-C in germination was greater at 0.85 than at 3.42 kJ m<sup>-2</sup>. Thus, data indicate that conditioning white oat seeds in UV-C light produced greater tolerance to salt stress. These findings suggest that UV-C conditioning of white oat seeds may be considered as a simple and economical strategy to alleviate salt-induced stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}