Pub Date : 2024-05-26DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2357466
Anju Maharjan, Ravi Gautam, GiYong Lee, DongYoon Kim, DaEun Lee, Manju Acharya, HyoungAh Kim, Yong Heo, ChangYul Kim
The advent of nanotechnology has significantly spurred the utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) across diverse sectors encompassing industry, agriculture, engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Metallic oxides including zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), manganese oxide (Mn2O3), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), in their NP forms, have become prevalent in cosmetics and various dermal products. Despite the expanding consideration of these compounds for dermal applications, their potential for initiating skin sensitization (SS) has not been comprehensively examined. An in vivo assay, local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-flow cytometry method (LLNA: BrdU-FCM) recognized as an alternative testing method for screening SS potential was used to address these issues. Following the OECD TG 442B guidelines, NPs suspensions smaller than 50 nm size were prepared for ZnO and Al2O3 at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50%, and Mn2O3 and CuO at concentrations of 5, 10, and 25%, and applied to the dorsum of each ear of female BALB/c mice on a daily basis for 3 consecutive days. Regarding the prediction of test substance to skin sensitizer if sensitization index (SI)≥2.7, all 4 NPs were classified as non-sensitizing. The SI values were below 2.06, 1.33, 1.42, and 0.99 for ZnO, Al2O3, Mn2O3, and CuO, respectively, at all test concentrations. Although data presented were negative with respect to adverse SS potential for these 4 NPs, further confirmatory tests addressing other key events associated with SS adverse outcome pathway need to be carried out to arrive at an acceptable conclusion on the skin safety for both cosmetic and dermal applications.
{"title":"Assessment of skin sensitization potential of zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, and copper oxide nanoparticles through the local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-deoxyuridine flow cytometry method.","authors":"Anju Maharjan, Ravi Gautam, GiYong Lee, DongYoon Kim, DaEun Lee, Manju Acharya, HyoungAh Kim, Yong Heo, ChangYul Kim","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2357466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2024.2357466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of nanotechnology has significantly spurred the utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) across diverse sectors encompassing industry, agriculture, engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Metallic oxides including zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), manganese oxide (Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), in their NP forms, have become prevalent in cosmetics and various dermal products. Despite the expanding consideration of these compounds for dermal applications, their potential for initiating skin sensitization (SS) has not been comprehensively examined. An <i>in vivo</i> assay, local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-flow cytometry method (LLNA: BrdU-FCM) recognized as an alternative testing method for screening SS potential was used to address these issues. Following the OECD TG 442B guidelines, NPs suspensions smaller than 50 nm size were prepared for ZnO and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50%, and Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CuO at concentrations of 5, 10, and 25%, and applied to the dorsum of each ear of female BALB/c mice on a daily basis for 3 consecutive days. Regarding the prediction of test substance to skin sensitizer if sensitization index (SI)≥2.7, all 4 NPs were classified as non-sensitizing. The SI values were below 2.06, 1.33, 1.42, and 0.99 for ZnO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and CuO, respectively, at all test concentrations. Although data presented were negative with respect to adverse SS potential for these 4 NPs, further confirmatory tests addressing other key events associated with SS adverse outcome pathway need to be carried out to arrive at an acceptable conclusion on the skin safety for both cosmetic and dermal applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18Epub Date: 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2284009
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2284009","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2284009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138048831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18Epub Date: 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2334248
Hong Chen, Chun-Jie Zhang, Zhi-Ying Zhao, Yang-Yang Gao, Jian-Tian Zhao, Xiao-Xu Li, Ming Zhang, He Wang
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with long non-coding RNAs and DNA methylation; however, the mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (lncRNA SNHG1) and subsequent involvement of DNA methylation in AD development are not known. The aim of this study was to examine the regulatory mechanisms attributed to lncRNA SNHG1 gene utilizing 2 strains of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model of AD and compared to senescence-accelerated mouse resistant (SAMR) considered a control. Both strains of the mouse were transfected with either blank virus, psLenti-U6-SNHG1(low gene expression) virus, and psLenti-pA-SNHG1(gene overexpression) virus via a single injection into the brains for 2 weeks. At 2 weeks mice were subjected to a Morris water maze to determine any behavioral effects followed by sacrifice to extract hippocampal tissue for Western blotting to measure protein expression of p-tau, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET1, and p-Akt. No marked alterations were noted in any parameters following blank virus transfection. In SAMP8 mice, a significant decrease was noted in protein expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and p-Akt associated with rise in p-tau and TET1. Transfection with ps-Lenti-U6-SNHG1 alone in SAMR1 mice resulted in a significant rise in DNMTs and p-Akt and a fall in p-tau and TET1. Transfection of SAMP8 with ps-Lenti-U6-SNHG1 blocked effects on overexpression noted in this mouse strain. However, knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 yielded the opposite results as found in SAMR1 mice. In conclusion, the knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 enhanced DNA methylation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby reducing the phosphorylation levels of tau in SAMP8 AD model mice with ameliorating brain damage attributed to p-tau accumulation with consequent neuroprotection.
{"title":"Mechanisms underlying LncRNA SNHG1 regulation of Alzheimer's disease involve DNA methylation.","authors":"Hong Chen, Chun-Jie Zhang, Zhi-Ying Zhao, Yang-Yang Gao, Jian-Tian Zhao, Xiao-Xu Li, Ming Zhang, He Wang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2334248","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2334248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with long non-coding RNAs and DNA methylation; however, the mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (lncRNA SNHG1) and subsequent involvement of DNA methylation in AD development are not known. The aim of this study was to examine the regulatory mechanisms attributed to lncRNA SNHG1 gene utilizing 2 strains of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model of AD and compared to senescence-accelerated mouse resistant (SAMR) considered a control. Both strains of the mouse were transfected with either blank virus, psLenti-U6-SNHG1(low gene expression) virus, and psLenti-pA-SNHG1(gene overexpression) virus via a single injection into the brains for 2 weeks. At 2 weeks mice were subjected to a Morris water maze to determine any behavioral effects followed by sacrifice to extract hippocampal tissue for Western blotting to measure protein expression of p-tau, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET1, and p-Akt. No marked alterations were noted in any parameters following blank virus transfection. In SAMP8 mice, a significant decrease was noted in protein expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and p-Akt associated with rise in p-tau and TET1. Transfection with ps-Lenti-U6-SNHG1 alone in SAMR1 mice resulted in a significant rise in DNMTs and p-Akt and a fall in p-tau and TET1. Transfection of SAMP8 with ps-Lenti-U6-SNHG1 blocked effects on overexpression noted in this mouse strain. However, knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 yielded the opposite results as found in SAMR1 mice. In conclusion, the knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 enhanced DNA methylation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby reducing the phosphorylation levels of tau in SAMP8 AD model mice with ameliorating brain damage attributed to p-tau accumulation with consequent neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18Epub Date: 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2334247
Jing-Bo He, He Zhang, Hong-Xia Zheng, Jian-Xin Jia, Yi-Chi Zhang, Xu-Sheng Yan, Xiao-Xu Li, Kai-Wen Wei, Jun Mao, Hong Chen, Jing Li, He Wang, Ming Zhang, Zhi-Ying Zhao
Vascular dementia (VD) a heterogenous group of brain disorders in which cognitive impairment is attributable to vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease. A common phenomenon in VD is a dysfunctional cerebral regulatory mechanism associated with insufficient cerebral blood flow, ischemia and hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions oxygen supply to the brain results in neuronal death leading to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's (AD) and VD. In conditions of hypoxia and low oxygen perfusion, expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) increases under conditions of low oxygen and low perfusion associated with upregulation of expression of hypoxia-upregulated mitochondrial movement regulator (HUMMR), which promotes anterograde mitochondrial transport by binding with trafficking protein kinesin 2 (TRAK2). Schisandrin B (Sch B) an active component derived from Chinese herb Wuweizi prevented β-amyloid protein induced morphological alterations and cell death using a SH-SY5Y neuronal cells considered an AD model. It was thus of interest to determine whether Sch B might also alleviate VD using a rat bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) dementia model. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Sch B in BCAO on cognitive functions such as Morris water maze test and underlying mechanisms involving expression of HIF-1α, TRAK2, and HUMMR levels. The results showed that Sch B improved learning and memory function of rats with VD and exerted a protective effect on the hippocampus by inhibition of protein expression of HIF-1α, TRAK2, and HUMMR factors. Evidence indicates that Sch B may be considered as an alternative in VD treatment.
血管性痴呆(VD)是一组认知障碍可归因于血管风险因素和脑血管疾病的异质性脑部疾病。血管性痴呆的一个常见现象是与脑血流量不足、缺血和缺氧有关的大脑调节机制失调。在缺氧条件下,大脑供氧不足会导致神经元死亡,从而引发神经退行性疾病,包括阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)和脑血管病。在缺氧和低氧灌注条件下,缺氧诱导因子 1α(HIF-1α)的表达会增加,这与缺氧上调线粒体运动调节因子(HUMMR)的表达上调有关,HUMMR 通过与贩运蛋白驱动蛋白 2(TRAK2)结合促进线粒体的前向运输。从中草药五味子中提取的活性成分五味子素 B(Sch B)可防止β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的形态改变和细胞死亡。因此,我们有兴趣利用大鼠双侧颈总动脉闭塞(BCAO)痴呆模型来确定 Sch B 是否也能缓解 VD。本研究旨在考察 Sch B 在 BCAO 中对认知功能(如莫里斯水迷宫测试)的影响,以及涉及 HIF-1α、TRAK2 和 HUMMR 水平表达的潜在机制。结果表明,Sch B能改善VD大鼠的学习和记忆功能,并通过抑制HIF-1α、TRAK2和HUMMR因子的蛋白表达对海马产生保护作用。有证据表明,Sch B 可被视为治疗脑损伤的一种替代疗法。
{"title":"Effects of schisandrin B on hypoxia-related cognitive function and protein expression in vascular dementia rats.","authors":"Jing-Bo He, He Zhang, Hong-Xia Zheng, Jian-Xin Jia, Yi-Chi Zhang, Xu-Sheng Yan, Xiao-Xu Li, Kai-Wen Wei, Jun Mao, Hong Chen, Jing Li, He Wang, Ming Zhang, Zhi-Ying Zhao","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2334247","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2334247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular dementia (VD) a heterogenous group of brain disorders in which cognitive impairment is attributable to vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease. A common phenomenon in VD is a dysfunctional cerebral regulatory mechanism associated with insufficient cerebral blood flow, ischemia and hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions oxygen supply to the brain results in neuronal death leading to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's (AD) and VD. In conditions of hypoxia and low oxygen perfusion, expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) increases under conditions of low oxygen and low perfusion associated with upregulation of expression of hypoxia-upregulated mitochondrial movement regulator (HUMMR), which promotes anterograde mitochondrial transport by binding with trafficking protein kinesin 2 (TRAK2). Schisandrin B (Sch B) an active component derived from Chinese herb Wuweizi prevented β-amyloid protein induced morphological alterations and cell death using a SH-SY5Y neuronal cells considered an AD model. It was thus of interest to determine whether Sch B might also alleviate VD using a rat bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) dementia model. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Sch B in BCAO on cognitive functions such as Morris water maze test and underlying mechanisms involving expression of HIF-1α, TRAK2, and HUMMR levels. The results showed that Sch B improved learning and memory function of rats with VD and exerted a protective effect on the hippocampus by inhibition of protein expression of HIF-1α, TRAK2, and HUMMR factors. Evidence indicates that Sch B may be considered as an alternative in VD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main pathological features noted in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of plagues of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ1-42)-peptides. Excess deposition of amyloid-β oligomers (AβO) are known to promote neuroinflammation. Sequentially, following neuroinflammation astrocytes become activated with cellular characteristics to initiate activated astrocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether total flavonoids derived from Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) inhibited Aβ1-42-induced damage attributed to activated C8-D1A astrocytes. Western blotting and ELISA were used to determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and complement C3 to establish the activation status of astrocytes following induction from exposure to Aβ1-42. Data demonstrated that stimulation of C8-D1A astrocytes by treatment with 40 μM Aβ1-42 for 24 hr produced significant elevation in protein expression and protein levels of acidic protein (GFAP) and complement C3 accompanied by increased expression and levels of inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with TFDM or the clinically employed drug donepezil in AD therapy reduced production of inflammatory cytokines, and toxicity initiated following activation of C8-D1A astrocytes following exposure to Aβ1-42. Therefore, TFDM similar to donepezil inhibited inflammatory secretion in reactive astrocytes, suggesting that TFDM may be considered as a potential compound to be utilized in AD therapy.
{"title":"Effect of total flavonoids of <i>Dracocephalum moldavica L</i>. On neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease model amyloid-β (Aβ1-42)-peptide-induced astrocyte activation.","authors":"Wei Ren, Xu-Sheng Yan, Jia-Cheng Fan, Dong-Sheng Huo, Xin-Xin Wang, Jian-Xin Jia, Zhan-Jun Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2336570","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2336570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the main pathological features noted in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of plagues of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ1-42)-peptides. Excess deposition of amyloid-β oligomers (AβO) are known to promote neuroinflammation. Sequentially, following neuroinflammation astrocytes become activated with cellular characteristics to initiate activated astrocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether total flavonoids derived from <i>Dracocephalum moldavica L</i>. (TFDM) inhibited Aβ1-42-induced damage attributed to activated C8-D1A astrocytes. Western blotting and ELISA were used to determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and complement C3 to establish the activation status of astrocytes following induction from exposure to Aβ1-42. Data demonstrated that stimulation of C8-D1A astrocytes by treatment with 40 μM Aβ1-42 for 24 hr produced significant elevation in protein expression and protein levels of acidic protein (GFAP) and complement C3 accompanied by increased expression and levels of inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with TFDM or the clinically employed drug donepezil in AD therapy reduced production of inflammatory cytokines, and toxicity initiated following activation of C8-D1A astrocytes following exposure to Aβ1-42. Therefore, TFDM similar to donepezil inhibited inflammatory secretion in reactive astrocytes, suggesting that TFDM may be considered as a potential compound to be utilized in AD therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18Epub Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2337365
Lu Wang, Jian-Xin Jia, Shi-Bin Zhang, Wei Song, Xu-Sheng Yan, Dong-Sheng Huo, He Wang, Li-E Wu, Zhan-Jun Yang
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) occurs frequently clinically as a complication following cardiovascular resuscitation resulting in neuronal damage specifically to the hippocampal CA1 region with consequent cognitive impairment. Apoptosis and oxidative stress were proposed as major risk factors associated with CIRI development. Previously, glycosides obtained from Cistanche deserticola (CGs) were shown to play a key role in counteracting CIRI; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of CGs on subsequent CIRI in rats. The model of CIRI was established for 2 hr and reperfusion for 24 hr by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The MCAO rats were used to measure the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of CGs on CIRI. Neurological function was evaluated by the Longa neurological function score test. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to detect the area of cerebral infarction. Nissl staining was employed to observe neuronal morphology. TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis, while Western blot determined protein expression levels of factors for apoptosis-related and PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Data demonstrated that CGs treatment improved behavioral performance, brain injury, and enhanced antioxidant and anti-apoptosis in CIRI rats. In addition, CGs induced activation of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway accompanied by inhibition of the expression of apoptosis-related factors. Evidence indicates that CGs amelioration of CIRI involves activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway associated with increased cellular viability suggesting these glycosides may be considered as an alternative compound for CIRI treatment.
{"title":"The protective effect and mechanism of glycosides of <i>cistanche deserticola</i> on rats in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model.","authors":"Lu Wang, Jian-Xin Jia, Shi-Bin Zhang, Wei Song, Xu-Sheng Yan, Dong-Sheng Huo, He Wang, Li-E Wu, Zhan-Jun Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2337365","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2337365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) occurs frequently clinically as a complication following cardiovascular resuscitation resulting in neuronal damage specifically to the hippocampal CA1 region with consequent cognitive impairment. Apoptosis and oxidative stress were proposed as major risk factors associated with CIRI development. Previously, glycosides obtained from <i>Cistanche deserticola</i> (CGs) were shown to play a key role in counteracting CIRI; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of CGs on subsequent CIRI in rats. The model of CIRI was established for 2 hr and reperfusion for 24 hr by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The MCAO rats were used to measure the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of CGs on CIRI. Neurological function was evaluated by the Longa neurological function score test. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to detect the area of cerebral infarction. Nissl staining was employed to observe neuronal morphology. TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis, while Western blot determined protein expression levels of factors for apoptosis-related and PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Data demonstrated that CGs treatment improved behavioral performance, brain injury, and enhanced antioxidant and anti-apoptosis in CIRI rats. In addition, CGs induced activation of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway accompanied by inhibition of the expression of apoptosis-related factors. Evidence indicates that CGs amelioration of CIRI involves activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway associated with increased cellular viability suggesting these glycosides may be considered as an alternative compound for CIRI treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02Epub Date: 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2316649
Luz M Vidal, Emilio Pimentel, Luis Escobar-Alarcón, Martha P Cruces, Elizabeth Jiménez, Hugo Suárez, Yosary Leyva
Nanoribbons of imidacloprid, a systemic and chloronicotinyl insecticide, were successfully synthesized by laser-induced fragmentation/exfoliation of imidacloprid powders suspended in water, with widths ranging from 160 to 470 nm, lengths in the micron scale, and thickness of a few atoms layers. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of acute and chronic exposure to imidacloprid (IMC) bulk and compare its effects with synthesized imidacloprid nanoribbons (IMCNR) on larval and adult viability, developmental time, olfactory capacity, longevity, productivity, and genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae or adults were exposed at 0.01, 0.02, or 0.03 ppm to IMC or IMCNR. Results demonstrated that IMCNR produced a significant reduction in viability and olfactory ability. IMC did not significantly alter viability and olfactory ability. Similarly, marked differences on longevity were detected between treatment with IMC and IMCNR where the lifespan of males treated with IMC was significantly higher than control while IMCNR produced a reduction. As for productivity, developmental time, and genotoxicity, no marked differences were found between both forms of IMC.
{"title":"Toxicity evaluation of novel imidacloprid nanoribbons, using somatic mutation and fitness indexes in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Luz M Vidal, Emilio Pimentel, Luis Escobar-Alarcón, Martha P Cruces, Elizabeth Jiménez, Hugo Suárez, Yosary Leyva","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2316649","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2316649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoribbons of imidacloprid, a systemic and chloronicotinyl insecticide, were successfully synthesized by laser-induced fragmentation/exfoliation of imidacloprid powders suspended in water, with widths ranging from 160 to 470 nm, lengths in the micron scale, and thickness of a few atoms layers. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of acute and chronic exposure to imidacloprid (IMC) bulk and compare its effects with synthesized imidacloprid nanoribbons (IMCNR) on larval and adult viability, developmental time, olfactory capacity, longevity, productivity, and genotoxicity in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Larvae or adults were exposed at 0.01, 0.02, or 0.03 ppm to IMC or IMCNR. Results demonstrated that IMCNR produced a significant reduction in viability and olfactory ability. IMC did not significantly alter viability and olfactory ability. Similarly, marked differences on longevity were detected between treatment with IMC and IMCNR where the lifespan of males treated with IMC was significantly higher than control while IMCNR produced a reduction. As for productivity, developmental time, and genotoxicity, no marked differences were found between both forms of IMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02Epub Date: 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2321747
{"title":"Expression of Concern: Splenda Alters Gut Microflora and Increases Intestinal P-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P-450 in Male Rats.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2321747","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2321747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02Epub Date: 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2324473
Sarina Kusma, Anju Maharjan, Manju Acharya, DaEun Lee, SoYeon Kim, ChaeWon Hwang, KilSoo Kim, HyoungAh Kim, Yong Heo, ChangYul Kim
Exposure to microplastics may be associated with damage of immune system. Polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) with a wide range of beneficial applications have not been extensively studied with respect to the immune system. The aim of this investigation is to examine the influence of two different sizes of PP-MPs (5.2 and 23.9 μm diameter) on immune system components in ICR mice. PP-MPs were administered orally to female and male mice at 0 (corn oil vehicle), 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/d for single and daily for 4-week repeated toxicity test, respectively. No significant differences were observed in number of thymic CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes, splenic helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells. The ratio of interferon-γ to interleukin-4 in culture supernatants from activated splenocytes ex vivo (48 hr) was lower in females which were repeatedly administered with PP-MPs compared to vehicle irrespective of PP-MPs size and dose. In contrast, the opposite trend was observed in males. Production of tumor necrosis factor-α was upregulated in females that were repeatedly exposed to PP-MPs. The serum IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was lowered in female receiving large-size PP-MPs. Data suggest that immune disturbances resulting in predominant type-2 helper T cell reactivity may occur in mice, especially in females, when repeatedly exposed to PP-MPs. Further investigations with longer exposure periods are necessary to determine the immunotoxicities attributed to PP-MPs.
接触微塑料可能会损害免疫系统。聚丙烯微塑料(PP-MPs)具有广泛的有益用途,但目前尚未对其对免疫系统的影响进行广泛研究。这项研究旨在考察两种不同尺寸的 PP-MPs(直径分别为 5.2 和 23.9 μm)对 ICR 小鼠免疫系统成分的影响。雌性和雄性小鼠口服 PP-MPs 的剂量分别为 0 毫克(玉米油载体)、500 毫克、1000 毫克或 2000 毫克/千克/天(单次)和每天一次(4 周重复毒性试验)。胸腺 CD4+、CD8+、CD4+CD8+ T 淋巴细胞、脾辅助性 T 细胞、细胞毒性 T 细胞和 B 细胞的数量均无明显差异。无论 PP-MPs 的大小和剂量如何,体内外(48 小时)活化脾细胞培养上清液中的干扰素-γ 与白细胞介素-4 的比率在反复施用 PP-MPs 的雌性动物中都比施用载体的雌性动物低。与此相反,在男性体内观察到了相反的趋势。反复接触 PP-MPs 的雌性动物体内肿瘤坏死因子-α 的生成量增加。接受大剂量 PP-MPs 的女性血清 IgG2a/IgG1 比率降低。数据表明,当小鼠(尤其是雌鼠)反复接触 PP-MPs 时,可能会出现免疫紊乱,导致 2 型辅助性 T 细胞反应占主导地位。有必要进行接触时间更长的进一步调查,以确定 PP-MPs 的免疫毒性。
{"title":"Oral subacute polypropylene microplastics administration effect on potential immunotoxicity in ICR mice.","authors":"Sarina Kusma, Anju Maharjan, Manju Acharya, DaEun Lee, SoYeon Kim, ChaeWon Hwang, KilSoo Kim, HyoungAh Kim, Yong Heo, ChangYul Kim","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2324473","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2324473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to microplastics may be associated with damage of immune system. Polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) with a wide range of beneficial applications have not been extensively studied with respect to the immune system. The aim of this investigation is to examine the influence of two different sizes of PP-MPs (5.2 and 23.9 μm diameter) on immune system components in ICR mice. PP-MPs were administered orally to female and male mice at 0 (corn oil vehicle), 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/d for single and daily for 4-week repeated toxicity test, respectively. No significant differences were observed in number of thymic CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes, splenic helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells. The ratio of interferon-γ to interleukin-4 in culture supernatants from activated splenocytes <i>ex vivo</i> (48 hr) was lower in females which were repeatedly administered with PP-MPs compared to vehicle irrespective of PP-MPs size and dose. In contrast, the opposite trend was observed in males. Production of tumor necrosis factor-α was upregulated in females that were repeatedly exposed to PP-MPs. The serum IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was lowered in female receiving large-size PP-MPs. Data suggest that immune disturbances resulting in predominant type-2 helper T cell reactivity may occur in mice, especially in females, when repeatedly exposed to PP-MPs. Further investigations with longer exposure periods are necessary to determine the immunotoxicities attributed to PP-MPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02Epub Date: 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2326080
Jeffrey H Driver, Curt Lunchick, Joseph Conti, Preston Davis, Michael Tyler, Kimball Woelfel, William Russel Everett, John Ross
Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) is the pesticidal active ingredient found in some flea and tick collars for dogs and cats. Recent studies sponsored by The Hartz Mountain Corporation, confirm the safety of TCVP as an active ingredient in pet collars. Based upon data from these new studies and results previously relied upon by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the following conclusions have been made: Torsion study data clearly indicate that approximately 93% of released formulation from TCVP containing pet collars is in a liquid phase immediately following activation.Further, even more relevant to human health risk analysis associated with post-application exposures, in vivo data from dogs wearing TCVP pet collars definitively document that TCVP dust released from the collar is rapidly absorbed into the sebum. The maximum ratio of dust to liquid was 0.023% dust to 99.977% liquid.In vivo fur data provide scientific evidence confirming that the mechanism of dissemination of TCVP from pet collars is as a liquid suspended or dissolved in the animal's sebum, even though it may be released from the collar as a solid. Thus, potential post-application exposure to TCVP, including immediately following collar placement, is almost entirely to a liquid phase.Based upon EPA's refined and conservative "untrimmed" collar risk assessment, post-application incidental oral hand-to-mouth activity by children aged 1 to <2 years of age results in margins of exposure significantly greater than the level of concern of 1000, and therefore do not present unreasonable health risk.
{"title":"Pet collars containing tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): evaluation of the results of torsion and on-animal release studies and implications for post-application consumer exposure and risk analysis.","authors":"Jeffrey H Driver, Curt Lunchick, Joseph Conti, Preston Davis, Michael Tyler, Kimball Woelfel, William Russel Everett, John Ross","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2326080","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2326080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) is the pesticidal active ingredient found in some flea and tick collars for dogs and cats. Recent studies sponsored by The Hartz Mountain Corporation, confirm the safety of TCVP as an active ingredient in pet collars. Based upon data from these new studies and results previously relied upon by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the following conclusions have been made: Torsion study data clearly indicate that approximately 93% of released formulation from TCVP containing pet collars is in a liquid phase immediately following activation.Further, even more relevant to human health risk analysis associated with post-application exposures, in vivo data from dogs wearing TCVP pet collars definitively document that TCVP dust released from the collar is rapidly absorbed into the sebum. The maximum ratio of dust to liquid was 0.023% dust to 99.977% liquid.In vivo fur data provide scientific evidence confirming that the mechanism of dissemination of TCVP from pet collars is as a liquid suspended or dissolved in the animal's sebum, even though it may be released from the collar as a solid. Thus, potential post-application exposure to TCVP, including immediately following collar placement, is almost entirely to a liquid phase.Based upon EPA's refined and conservative \"untrimmed\" collar risk assessment, post-application incidental oral hand-to-mouth activity by children aged 1 to <2 years of age results in margins of exposure significantly greater than the level of concern of 1000, and therefore do not present unreasonable health risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}