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Effects of mine tailing exposure on the development of early life stages of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. 尾矿暴露对海洋桡足类鳍脚类Calanus finmarchicus早期生命阶段发育的影响。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-17 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2274935
Julia Farkas, Linn H Svendheim, Ida B Øverjordet, Emlyn J Davies, Dag Altin, Trond Nordtug, Pål A Olsvik, Tjalling Jager, Bjørn Henrik Hansen

The demand for mineral resources is increasing mining activities worldwide. In Norway, marine tailing disposal (MTD) is practiced, introducing mineral particles into fjord ecosystems. We investigated the effects of two concentrations (high and low) of fine tailings from a CaCO3 processing plant on early life stages of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Results show that the exposure did not significantly impact hatching success or development in non- and early feeding life stages. However, feeding stage nauplii ingested tailings, which caused a significantly slower development in later nauplii stages in high exposure groups, with most individuals being two stages behind the control group. Further, high mortality occurred in late nauplii and early copepodite stages in low exposure groups, which could be caused by insufficient energy accumulation and depleted energy reserves during development. Individuals exposed to high exposure concentrations seemed to survive by arresting development and potentially by reduced activity, thereby conserving energy reserves. In nature, slower development could affect lipid storage buildup and reproduction.

对矿产资源的需求正在全球范围内增加采矿活动。挪威实行海洋尾矿处理,将矿物颗粒引入峡湾生态系统。我们研究了CaCO3处理厂的两种浓度(高浓度和低浓度)的细尾矿对海洋桡足类Calanus finmarchicus早期生命阶段的影响。结果表明,在非喂养和早期喂养阶段,暴露对孵化成功或发育没有显著影响。然而,喂食阶段的无节幼体摄入了尾矿,这导致高暴露组后期无节幼体发育明显较慢,大多数个体比对照组落后两个阶段。此外,低暴露组在无节幼体晚期和桡足类早期出现高死亡率,这可能是由于发育过程中能量积累不足和能量储备耗尽造成的。暴露在高暴露浓度下的个体似乎通过阻止发育和潜在的活动减少来生存,从而保存能量储备。在自然界中,发育迟缓可能会影响脂质的储存和繁殖。
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引用次数: 0
Spawning time in adult polar cod (Boreogadus saida) altered by crude oil exposure, independent of food availability. 原油暴露改变了成年极地鳕鱼的产卵时间,与食物供应无关。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-17 Epub Date: 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2228535
Leah C Strople, Ireen Vieweg, Fekadu Yadetie, Derrick Kwame Odei, Anders Thorsen, Odd André Karlsen, Anders Goksøyr, Lisbet Sørensen, Antonio Sarno, Bjørn Henrik Hansen, Marianne Frantzen, Øyvind J Hansen, Velmurugu Puvanendran, Jasmine Nahrgang

Fish early life stages are well known for their sensitivity to crude oil exposure. However, the effect of crude oil exposure on adults and their gametes during their spawning period is not well studied. Polar cod, a key arctic fish, may be at risk for crude oil exposure during this potentially sensitive life stage. Additionally, this species experiences lower food availability during their spawning season, with unknown combined consequences. In the present study, wild-caught polar cod were exposed to decreasing levels of a water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil or control conditions and fed either at a low or high feed ration to assess the combined effect of both stressors. Samples were taken during late gonadal development, during active spawning (spawning window), and in the post-spawning period. Histology analysis of gonads from fish sampled during the spawning window showed that oil-exposed polar cod were more likely to have spawned compared to controls. Oil-exposed females had 947 differentially regulated hepatic genes, and their eggs had a higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon body burden compared to controls. Feed ration did not consistently affect polar cod's response to oil exposure for the endpoints measured, however, did alone result in decreases in some sperm motility parameters. These results suggest that polar cod's spawning period is a sensitive life event to crude oil exposure, while feed limitation may play a minor role for this supposedly capital breeder. The effects of adult exposure to crude oil on gamete quality and the next generation warrant further investigation.

众所周知,鱼类在生命早期对原油的暴露非常敏感。然而,原油暴露对成虫产卵期及其配子的影响尚不清楚。极地鳕鱼是一种重要的北极鱼类,在这个潜在的敏感生命阶段可能面临原油暴露的风险。此外,这一物种在产卵季节的食物供应较低,带来了未知的综合后果。在本研究中,野外捕获的极地鳕鱼分别暴露于原油水溶性组分(WSF)水平降低和对照条件下,并分别饲喂低饲粮和高饲粮,以评估两种应激源的联合效应。在性腺发育晚期、产卵活跃期(产卵窗口期)和产卵后期采集样本。对产卵期鱼类性腺取样的组织学分析表明,与对照相比,暴露于油中的极地鳕鱼更有可能产卵。暴露于石油的雌性有947个差异调节的肝脏基因,其卵的多环芳烃体负荷高于对照组。在测量的端点上,饲料比例并没有持续影响极地鳕鱼对油暴露的反应,然而,它单独导致一些精子活力参数的降低。这些结果表明,极地鳕鱼的产卵期对原油暴露是一个敏感的生命事件,而饲料限制可能对这种被认为是资本育种者起次要作用。成虫接触原油对配子质量和下一代的影响值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Contamination levels and distribution of persistent and non-persistent pollutants in paired hair, urine and serum samples from a Belgian non-occupationally exposed population. 比利时非职业性接触人群配对头发、尿液和血清样本中持久性和非持久性污染物的污染水平和分布。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2025.2451676
Julien Claessens, Patrice Dufour, Nadia Dardenne, Corinne Charlier, Catherine Pirard

Designing ideal human biomonitoring studies involves the selection of reliable markers of exposure in adequate biological matrix. Besides conventional matrices such as blood or urine, hair has been increasingly investigated as a promising noninvasive alternative. However, understanding the pollutant distribution between differing biological compartments is essential for reliable interpretation of data collected. Therefore, the contamination levels and the distribution of some persistent (8 perfluoroalkyl substances - PFAS - and 6 polychlorobiphenyls - PCBs) and non-persistent pollutants (2 bisphenols and 3 parabens) were investigated in paired serum and hair samples, or paired spot urine and hair samples obtained from 30 Belgian non-occupationally exposed individuals. The levels measured were close to those reported in recent larger-scale studies. PFAS, PCB and bisphenol distributions largely differed depending upon the matrix and within the same chemical family depending upon the congener. The correlation and agreement between pollutant levels in differing matrices demonstrated that the information provided is comparable only for highly chlorinated PCBs and parabens, while the classification of exposure for bisphenols was substantially different according to the matrix. The selection of the human matrix thus remains complex and might markedly bias the results obtained, especially when assessing the health risk related to chemical exposure.

设计理想的人体生物监测研究包括在适当的生物基质中选择可靠的暴露标记。除了血液或尿液等传统基质外,毛发作为一种有前途的非侵入性替代材料也得到了越来越多的研究。然而,了解不同生物区室之间的污染物分布对于可靠地解释收集到的数据至关重要。因此,从30名比利时非职业接触者获得的配对血清和头发样本,或配对斑点尿液和头发样本中,研究了一些持久性污染物(8种全氟烷基物质- PFAS和6种多氯联苯- PCBs)和非持久性污染物(2种双酚类和3种对羟基苯甲酸酯)的污染水平和分布。测量的水平接近最近大规模研究报告的水平。全氟磺酸钠、多氯联苯和双酚的分布因基质而异,在同一化学家族内的分布因同系物而异。不同基质中污染物水平之间的相关性和一致性表明,所提供的信息仅对高氯化多氯联苯和对羟基苯甲酸酯具有可比性,而双酚类的暴露分类则因基质而有很大不同。因此,人体基质的选择仍然很复杂,可能显著影响所获得的结果,特别是在评估与化学品接触有关的健康风险时。
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引用次数: 0
Buthionine sulfoximine acts synergistically with doxorubicin as a sensitizer molecule on different tumor cell lines. 丁硫氨酸亚砜胺与阿霉素协同作用,作为致敏剂分子作用于不同的肿瘤细胞系。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2448663
Joedna Cavalcante Pereira, Rayran Walter Ramos de Sousa, Micaely Lorrana Pereira Conceição, Maria Luísa Lima Barreto do Nascimento, Ana Tárcila Alves de Almeida, Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis, Mickael Laudrup de Sousa Cavalcante, Camila Dos Reis Oliveira, Italo Rossi Roseno Martins, Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal, Dalton Dittz, João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva

The chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely used for treating solid tumors attributed to its antiproliferative effectiveness; however, its clinical use is limited due to side effects, including cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, and drug resistance. Combining DOX with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor, showed promising results in overcoming these adverse effects, potentially reducing the required DOX dose while maintaining efficacy. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of different concentrations of BSO and DOX, both individually and in combination, utilizing B16/F10 (murine melanoma), SNB-19 (human glioblastoma), S180 (murine sarcoma), and SVEC4-10 (murine endothelial) cell lines. Cell viability, migration, and clonogenicity were assessed using the following assays MTT, scratch, and colony formation. Antioxidant levels of GSH, as well as activities catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. BSO alone exhibited minimal cytotoxic effects, while DOX alone reduced cell viability significantly. The combination of BSO+DOX decreased IC50 values for most cell lines, demonstrating a synergistic effect, especially in B16/F10, S180, and SVEC4-10 cells. BSO+DOX combination significantly inhibited cell migration and clonogenicity compared to DOX alone. While GSH levels were decreased with BSO+DOX treatment activities of CAT and SOD increased following DOX administration but remained unchanged by BSO. These results suggest that BSO may be considered a valuable tool to improve DOX therapeutic efficacy, particularly in cases of chemotherapy-resistant tumors, as BSO enhances DOX activity while potentially reducing systemic chemotherapeutic drug toxicity.

化疗药物多柔比星(DOX)因其抗增殖作用而被广泛用于治疗实体瘤;然而,由于其副作用,包括心脏毒性、骨髓抑制和耐药性,其临床应用受到限制。将DOX与谷胱甘肽(GSH)合成抑制剂丁硫氨酸亚砜胺(BSO)联合使用,在克服这些不良反应方面显示出有希望的结果,在保持疗效的同时可能降低所需的DOX剂量。本研究的目的是利用B16/F10(小鼠黑色素瘤)、SNB-19(人类胶质母细胞瘤)、S180(小鼠肉瘤)和SVEC4-10(小鼠内皮细胞)细胞系,检测不同浓度BSO和DOX单独或联合使用的影响。使用MTT、划伤和菌落形成等方法评估细胞活力、迁移和克隆原性。测定GSH的抗氧化水平、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。BSO单独显示最小的细胞毒性作用,而DOX单独显着降低细胞活力。BSO+DOX联合使用降低了大多数细胞系的IC50值,显示出协同效应,特别是在B16/F10、S180和SVEC4-10细胞中。与DOX单独使用相比,BSO+DOX联合使用可显著抑制细胞迁移和克隆原性。而GSH水平随BSO+DOX处理而降低,DOX处理后CAT和SOD活性升高,但BSO处理后保持不变。这些结果表明,BSO可能被认为是提高DOX治疗疗效的有价值的工具,特别是在化疗耐药肿瘤的情况下,因为BSO可以增强DOX活性,同时潜在地降低全身化疗药物毒性。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro immunotoxic evaluation of herbicides in RAW 264.7 cells. 除草剂对RAW 264.7细胞的体外免疫毒性评价。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2025.2450418
Larissa Vivan Cestonaro, Aline Mocellin Conte, Fernanda Capitanio Goldoni, Nara Lins Meira Quintão, Solange Cristina Garcia, José Roberto Santin, Marcelo Dutra Arbo

Weeds are a concern in agriculture and the use of herbicides constitutes an effective, efficient, and economical way to control their growth. Recent discoveries of herbicides are promising for the management of resistant weeds. However, there is a gap in the knowledge of the toxic effects of some herbicides previously reported on immune cells. The present study aimed to examine cellular immunotoxicity of three herbicides (clomazone, glyphosate, and sulfentrazone) after 96 hr incubation utilizing RAW 264.7 BALB/c mouse monocyte/macrophage-like cell line to elucidate the role of some toxicological pathways. Data demonstrated the herbicides clomazone, glyphosate, and sulfentrazone initiated a cytotoxic effect as evidenced by EC50 values of 429.2; 53.7; 866.6 mg/L, respectively. Clomazone and sulfentrazone, at all concentrations, induced excess production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) free radicals. An immunosuppression was observed in RAW 264.7 cells after incubation with 50 or 100 mg/L glyphosate and 500 or 1000 mg/L sulfentrazone. In addition, all herbicides produced mitochondrial depolarization and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. This constitutes the first report of the effects of clomazone and sulfentrazone on RAW 264.7 cells, including reduced TNF-α levels, indicating the adverse influence of herbicides on the immune system.

杂草是农业中的一个问题,使用除草剂是控制其生长的一种有效、高效和经济的方法。最近发现的除草剂对抗药杂草的治理很有希望。然而,对先前报道的某些除草剂对免疫细胞的毒性作用的了解还存在空白。本研究旨在利用RAW 264.7 BALB/c小鼠单核/巨噬细胞样细胞系,检测三种除草剂(氯马酮、草甘膦和磺胺酮)在孵育96小时后的细胞免疫毒性,以阐明一些毒理学途径的作用。数据表明,除草剂氯马酮、草甘膦和磺胺曲酮引发细胞毒性作用,EC50值为429.2;53.7;分别为866.6 mg/L。氯马唑酮和磺胺曲酮在所有浓度下均诱导活性氧(ROS)和活性氮(RNS)自由基的过量产生。50或100 mg/L草甘膦和500或1000 mg/L磺胺曲酮孵育后,观察到RAW 264.7细胞免疫抑制。此外,所有除草剂均使线粒体去极化,降低肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)水平。这是首次报道氯马酮和磺胺曲酮对RAW 264.7细胞的影响,包括降低TNF-α水平,表明除草剂对免疫系统的不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Chronic exposure to low-dose MC-LR induces ileal inflammation in mice through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. 慢性暴露于低剂量MC-LR通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路诱导小鼠回肠炎症。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2441294
Mingjie Yang, Shuilin Zheng, Wen Zeng, Chunhua Zhan, Yue Yang, Fei Yang

The global phenomenon of cyanobacterial bloom pollution is spreading globally due to climate change and eutrophication. It is well established that harmful cyanobacteria produce a wide range of toxins including microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyclic heptapeptide toxin known to damage various organs. The intestinal tract is the main site of MC-LR absorption and one of the targets susceptible to toxicity. Currently, studies on the enterotoxic effects of MC-LR predominantly focused on the colorectum, with limited investigations addressing the impact of microcystins on the small intestine. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the impact of chronic 9-month exposure of mice to low-dose 120 μg/L MC-LR in drinking water on ileal inflammation and potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Our findings showed that in mice chronically administered with low-dose MC-LR disorganized intestinal epithelial cells, lymphocytic infiltration and disturbed crypt arrangement were detected. The results of qPCR and Western blot demonstrated that, in comparison to control, the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, and IFN-γ were markedly elevated in the ileal tissue of mice treated with MC-LR, associated with significant increases in protein expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR. Taken together, evidence indicates that MC-LR induces ileal inflammation and histopathological damage involved activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

由于气候变化和富营养化的影响,蓝藻华污染正在全球蔓延。众所周知,有害的蓝藻会产生多种毒素,包括微囊藻毒素- lr (MC-LR),一种已知会损害多种器官的环七肽毒素。肠道是MC-LR的主要吸收部位,也是易发生毒性反应的靶点之一。目前,关于MC-LR肠毒性作用的研究主要集中在结直肠,关于微囊藻毒素对小肠影响的研究有限。因此,我们的研究目的是研究小鼠长期暴露于低剂量120 μg/L饮用水中9个月对回肠炎症的影响及其潜在机制。我们的研究结果表明,长期给予低剂量MC-LR的小鼠肠上皮细胞紊乱,淋巴细胞浸润和隐窝排列紊乱。qPCR和Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,MC-LR处理小鼠回肠组织中促炎因子IL-6、IL-17、IL-18和IFN-γ mRNA表达水平显著升高,p-PI3K、p-AKT和p-mTOR蛋白表达水平显著升高。综上所述,有证据表明MC-LR诱导回肠炎症和组织病理学损伤涉及PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的激活。
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引用次数: 0
Microcystin-LR induces lung injury in mice through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. 微囊藻毒素lr通过NF-κB/NLRP3通路诱导小鼠肺损伤。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2443525
Yin Zhang, Ying Guan, Manni Dai, Yue Yang, Fei Yang

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) a cyclic toxin produced by cyanobacterial species is known to exert detrimental effects on various organs, including lung. Several investigators demonstrated that MC-LR exerts pulmonary toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether exposure to MC-LR-induced lung inflammation and examine the underlying mechanisms. Thirty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male mice were allocated into control and MC-LR treatment groups. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline or MC-LR (20 μg/kg) daily for a total of 21 days. Our findings indicated that exposure to MC-LR-produced histopathological changes in lung tissue, including thickening of alveolar walls and inflammatory infiltration. MC-LR was found to upregulate mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18. Further, MC-LR significantly elevated the expression levels of proteins associated with the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway p-NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC. The activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway further promoted the release of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and cleavage of pyroptosis-associated GSDMD protein. These findings indicate that MC-LR may induce lung inflammation by promoting cell pyroptosis via the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

微囊藻毒素lr (MC-LR)是一种由蓝藻物种产生的循环毒素,已知对包括肺在内的各种器官产生有害影响。一些研究人员证明MC-LR具有肺毒性,但潜在的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨暴露于mc - lr是否会引起肺部炎症,并探讨其潜在机制。将30只SPF雄性小鼠分为对照组和MC-LR治疗组。小鼠每天腹腔注射生理盐水或MC-LR (20 μg/kg),共21天。我们的研究结果表明,暴露于mc - lr会导致肺组织的组织病理学改变,包括肺泡壁增厚和炎症浸润。MC-LR可上调促炎细胞因子TNFα、IL-6、IL-1β和IL-18的mRNA表达水平。此外,MC-LR显著提高NF-κB/NLRP3通路相关蛋白p-NF-κB、NLRP3、Caspase-1、ASC的表达水平。NF-κB/NLRP3通路的激活进一步促进炎症细胞因子IL-1β的释放和焦热相关GSDMD蛋白的裂解。这些发现表明,MC-LR可能通过激活NF-κB/NLRP3通路促进细胞焦亡,从而诱导肺部炎症。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing coil temperature of a third-generation e-cigarette device modulates C57BL/6 mouse lung immune cell composition and cytokine milieu independently of aerosol dose. 提高第三代电子烟装置的线圈温度可调节 C57BL/6 小鼠肺部免疫细胞的组成和细胞因子环境,而与气溶胶剂量无关。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2412998
Morgan E Poindexter, Yichen Li, Amy K Madl, Tran B Nguyen, Kent E Pinkerton

Higher coil temperature in e-cigarette devices increases the formation of aerosols and toxicants, such as carbonyls. At present, the health implications of vaping at higher temperatures, including exacerbation of pulmonary inflammation, are largely unknown when aerosol dose is considered. To isolate the pulmonary effects of coil temperature, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols generated at lower (190°C) or higher (250°C) temperature for 3 days, while maintaining a similar chamber aerosol concentration. Increasing coil temperature did not markedly alter aerosol mass-normalized emissions of select carbonyls formed from thermal degradation pathways including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and acetone under the tested environment. Total bronchoalveolar cells, primarily macrophages, were significantly decreased in mice exposed to aerosols generated with higher coil temperatures compared to lower temperature exposures. The gene expression of IFNβ, IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-10 in mouse lung tissue was significantly reduced following e-cigarette exposure under both conditions, compared to filtered air exposure. Higher temperature exposures further exacerbated downregulation of IFNβ and IL-1β. Data suggest that higher temperature vaping might modulate acute pulmonary immune responses, potentially inducing immune suppression, even when normalized for aerosol dose exposure. Coil temperature thus appears to be an important parameter that needs to be regulated to ensure harm reduction for e-cigarette users.

电子烟设备的线圈温度越高,形成的气溶胶和有毒物质(如羰基)就越多。目前,考虑到气溶胶剂量,在较高温度下吸烟对健康的影响,包括肺部炎症的加剧,在很大程度上还是未知数。为了分离线圈温度对肺部的影响,将C57BL/6小鼠暴露在较低温度(190°C)或较高温度(250°C)下产生的电子烟气溶胶中3天,同时保持类似的烟室气溶胶浓度。在测试环境下,线圈温度的升高并未明显改变气溶胶质量归一化的热降解途径形成的特定羰基释放量,包括甲醛、乙醛、丙醛和丙酮。与暴露在较低温度下的小鼠相比,暴露在较高线圈温度下产生的气溶胶中的小鼠支气管肺泡细胞总数(主要是巨噬细胞)明显减少。与暴露于过滤空气相比,在这两种条件下暴露于电子烟后,小鼠肺组织中 IFNβ、IL-1β、TNFα 和 IL-10 的基因表达均显著降低。较高温度的暴露进一步加剧了IFNβ和IL-1β的下调。数据表明,即使对气溶胶剂量暴露进行了归一化处理,较高温度下的吸烟也可能会调节急性肺部免疫反应,从而可能诱发免疫抑制。因此,线圈温度似乎是一个重要参数,需要加以调节,以确保减少电子烟使用者的伤害。
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引用次数: 0
Association between long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and risk of death attributed to esophageal cancer in Taiwan. 台湾长期暴露于微粒空气污染与食道癌死亡风险之间的关系。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2415318
Chun-Yuh Yang

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution as carcinogenic to humans (Group I), most frequently associated with lung cancer. Airborne air pollutants may be associated with other sites of cancer, although few studies have examined this avenue of research. Esophageal cancer mortality rates vary substantially across townships in Taiwan, a fact that suggests environment influence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and deaths attributed to esophageal cancer in 66 municipal areas across Taiwan. To conduct this study, annual PM2.5 levels were determined taking into account age-standardized esophageal cancer mortality rates in male and female residents of these municipalities from 2012 to 2021. The annual PM2.5 levels of each municipality were divided into tertiles and computed adjusted risk ratio (RR) using weighted-multiple regression analyses controlling for municipal lung cancer deaths, urbanization level, and physician density. Men residing in those areas with intermediate PM2.5 tertile levels (18.96-25.19 ug/m3) were found to have an adjusted RR of 1.22 (1.15-1.30) and those of residing areas with the highest tertiles levels (25.20-29.48 ug/m3) exhibited an RR of 1.11 (1.051.18). However, in women in the same municipalities, a significant inverse association was found between PM2.5 levels and mortality attributed to esophageal cancer, 0.82 (95% CI = 0.65-1.04) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.47-0.79), respectively. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer in men in Taiwan.

国际癌症研究机构(IARC)将暴露于细颗粒物(PM2.5)空气污染列为对人类致癌(第一类),最常见的致癌物是肺癌。空气中的污染物可能与其他部位的癌症有关,但很少有研究对此进行探讨。台湾各乡镇的食道癌死亡率差异很大,这表明环境对食道癌有影响。因此,本研究旨在调查台湾 66 个市辖区长期暴露于环境 PM2.5 与食道癌死亡之间的关系。为了开展这项研究,我们根据这些市镇男性和女性居民在2012年至2021年期间的年龄标准化食管癌死亡率,确定了PM2.5的年度水平。将每个城市的年度 PM2.5 水平分为三等分,并使用加权多重回归分析计算调整后的风险比 (RR),同时控制城市肺癌死亡率、城市化水平和医生密度。结果发现,居住在PM2.5中位数水平(18.96-25.19微克/立方米)地区的男性的调整风险比为1.22(1.15-1.30),而居住在最高位数水平(25.20-29.48微克/立方米)地区的男性的调整风险比为1.11(1.051.18)。然而,在同一城市的女性中,PM2.5水平与食道癌死亡率之间存在显著的反向关系,分别为0.82(95% CI = 0.65-1.04)和0.61(95% CI = 0.47-0.79)。这些研究结果表明,长期暴露于PM2.5会增加台湾男性罹患食道癌的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Using the National Land Cover Database as an indicator of shrub-steppe habitat: comparing two large United States federal lands with surrounding regions. 使用国家土地覆盖数据库作为灌木-干草原栖息地的指标:将两块大型美国联邦土地与周边地区进行比较。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Epub Date: 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2412659
Joanna Burger, Michael Gochfeld, Kevin G Brown, Monica Cortes, Kelly Ng, David Kosson

There is a need to assess whether ecological resources are being protected on large, federal lands. The aim of this study was to present a methodology which consistently and transparently determines whether two large Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) facilities have protected valuable ecological lands on their sites compared to the surrounding region. The National Land Cover Database (2019) was used to examine the % shrub-scrub (shrub-steppe) and other habitats on the DOE's Hanford Site (HS, Washington) and on the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), compared to a 10-km and 30-km diameter band of land surrounding each site. On both sites, over 95% is in shrub-scrub or grassland, compared to the surrounding region. Approximately 70% of 10 km and 30-km bands around INL, and less than 50% of land surrounding HS is located in these two habitat types. INL has preserved a significantly higher % shrub/scrub habitat than HS, but INL allows grazing on 60% of its land. HS has preserved a significantly higher % grassland than INL but no grazing on site is present. The methodology presented may be used to compare key ecological habitat types such as grasslands, forest, and desert among sites in different parts of the country. This methodology enables managers, resource trustees, and the public to (1) make remediation decisions that protect resources, (2) assess whether landowners and managers have adequately characterized and protected environmental resources on their sites, and (3) whether landowners and managers have protected the integrity of that land as well as its climax vegetation.

有必要对大型联邦土地上的生态资源是否受到保护进行评估。本研究旨在提出一种方法,以一致、透明的方式确定美国能源部(DOE)的两个大型设施与周边地区相比,是否保护了其场地上宝贵的生态用地。利用国家土地覆被数据库(2019 年),对能源部汉福德场址(华盛顿州 HS)和爱达荷国家实验室(INL)的灌木丛(灌木-干草原)和其他栖息地的百分比进行了研究,并与每个场址周围 10 公里和 30 公里直径范围内的土地进行了比较。与周围地区相比,这两个地点 95% 以上的区域都是灌木丛或草地。在 INL 周围 10 公里和 30 公里范围内,约有 70% 的土地属于这两种生境类型,而在 HS 周围,只有不到 50% 的土地属于这两种生境类型。INL 保存的灌木/灌丛栖息地比例明显高于 HS,但 INL 允许在其 60% 的土地上放牧。HS 保存的草地比例明显高于 INL,但 INL 没有放牧。所介绍的方法可用于比较全国不同地点的主要生态栖息地类型,如草原、森林和沙漠。这种方法使管理者、资源受托人和公众能够:(1) 做出保护资源的补救决定;(2) 评估土地所有者和管理者是否充分描述和保护了其场地上的环境资源;(3) 土地所有者和管理者是否保护了土地的完整性及其最高植被。
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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues
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