Pub Date : 2024-04-17Epub Date: 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2311170
Mariana T Farcas, Walter McKinney, W Kyle Mandler, Alycia K Knepp, Lori Battelli, Sherri A Friend, Aleksandr B Stefaniak, Samantha Service, Michael Kashon, Ryan F LeBouf, Treye A Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Yong Qian
During fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing with polycarbonate (PC) filament, a release of ultrafine particles (UFPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurs. This study aimed to determine PC filament printing emission-induced toxicity in rats via whole-body inhalation exposure. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a single concentration (0.529 mg/m3, 40 nm mean diameter) of the 3D PC filament emissions in a time-course via whole body inhalation for 1, 4, 8, 15, and 30 days (4 hr/day, 4 days/week), and sacrificed 24 hr after the last exposure. Following exposures, rats were assessed for pulmonary and systemic responses. To determine pulmonary injury, total protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, surfactant proteins A and D, total as well as lavage fluid differential cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined, as well as histopathological analysis of lung and nasal passages was performed. To determine systemic injury, hematological differentials, and blood biomarkers of muscle, metabolic, renal, and hepatic functions were also measured. Results showed that inhalation exposure induced no marked pulmonary or systemic toxicity in rats. In conclusion, inhalation exposure of rats to a low concentration of PC filament emissions produced no significant pulmonary or systemic toxicity.
在使用聚碳酸酯(PC)长丝进行熔融长丝制造(FFF)三维打印的过程中,会释放出超细粒子(UFP)和挥发性有机化合物(VOC)。本研究旨在通过全身吸入接触确定 PC 长丝打印排放物对大鼠的毒性。雄性 Sprague Dawley 大鼠通过全身吸入单浓度(0.529 毫克/立方米,平均直径 40 纳米)的三维 PC 长丝废气,暴露时间为 1、4、8、15 和 30 天(每天 4 小时,每周 4 天),最后一次暴露 24 小时后处死。暴露后,对大鼠的肺部和全身反应进行评估。为确定肺部损伤,对支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的总蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、表面活性蛋白 A 和 D、总细胞和灌洗液差异细胞进行了检查,并对肺部和鼻腔进行了组织病理学分析。为确定全身性损伤,还测量了血液学差异以及肌肉、代谢、肾脏和肝脏功能的血液生物标志物。结果表明,吸入暴露不会对大鼠造成明显的肺部或全身毒性。总之,大鼠吸入低浓度的 PC 灯丝排放物不会产生明显的肺部或全身毒性。
{"title":"Pulmonary evaluation of whole-body inhalation exposure of polycarbonate (PC) filament 3D printer emissions in rats.","authors":"Mariana T Farcas, Walter McKinney, W Kyle Mandler, Alycia K Knepp, Lori Battelli, Sherri A Friend, Aleksandr B Stefaniak, Samantha Service, Michael Kashon, Ryan F LeBouf, Treye A Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Yong Qian","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2311170","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2311170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing with polycarbonate (PC) filament, a release of ultrafine particles (UFPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurs. This study aimed to determine PC filament printing emission-induced toxicity in rats via whole-body inhalation exposure. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a single concentration (0.529 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, 40 nm mean diameter) of the 3D PC filament emissions in a time-course via whole body inhalation for 1, 4, 8, 15, and 30 days (4 hr/day, 4 days/week), and sacrificed 24 hr after the last exposure. Following exposures, rats were assessed for pulmonary and systemic responses. To determine pulmonary injury, total protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, surfactant proteins A and D, total as well as lavage fluid differential cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined, as well as histopathological analysis of lung and nasal passages was performed. To determine systemic injury, hematological differentials, and blood biomarkers of muscle, metabolic, renal, and hepatic functions were also measured. Results showed that inhalation exposure induced no marked pulmonary or systemic toxicity in rats. In conclusion, inhalation exposure of rats to a low concentration of PC filament emissions produced no significant pulmonary or systemic toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17Epub Date: 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2312253
Eduardo Libanio Reis Santos, Odaiza Silva, Bruna Jéssyca Nascimento Araújo, Milena de Lima Rodrigues, Jeffesson de Oliveira-Lima, Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) is an important surfactant used as a cleaning agent and industrial additive to remove unwanted chemicals which have been detected in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicological potential of SDBS on the gills of adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to this chemical. For the 96 hr acute exposure, fish were divided into three groups: control, 0.25 mg/L, and 0.5 mg/L of SDBS. After the experiment, morphophysiological analyses (gill histopathology and histochemistry), oxidative stress (determination of gill activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), and hematological analyses (leukocyte differentiation) were conducted. Data demonstrated that SDBS at both tested concentrations altered the histopathological index and initiated circulatory disturbances, as well as adverse, progressive, and immunological changes in the gills. In the 0.5 mg/L group, SOD activity decreased significantly, but CAT activity was not altered. Prominent blood changes observed in this group were neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. The number of mucous and chloride cells increased significantly in both groups. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that exposure of D. rerio to SDBS, even for 96 hr, produced adverse morphological and hematological effects associated with a reduction in SOD activity. Our findings indicate that exposure of aquatic species to the anionic surfactant SDBS may lead to adverse consequences associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, this study highlights the risks that this substance may pose to aquatic ecosystems and emphasizes the need for further investigations and strict regulations on its disposal.
{"title":"Effects of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) on zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) gills and blood.","authors":"Eduardo Libanio Reis Santos, Odaiza Silva, Bruna Jéssyca Nascimento Araújo, Milena de Lima Rodrigues, Jeffesson de Oliveira-Lima, Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2312253","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2312253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) is an important surfactant used as a cleaning agent and industrial additive to remove unwanted chemicals which have been detected in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicological potential of SDBS on the gills of adult male zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) exposed to this chemical. For the 96 hr acute exposure, fish were divided into three groups: control, 0.25 mg/L, and 0.5 mg/L of SDBS. After the experiment, morphophysiological analyses (gill histopathology and histochemistry), oxidative stress (determination of gill activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), and hematological analyses (leukocyte differentiation) were conducted. Data demonstrated that SDBS at both tested concentrations altered the histopathological index and initiated circulatory disturbances, as well as adverse, progressive, and immunological changes in the gills. In the 0.5 mg/L group, SOD activity decreased significantly, but CAT activity was not altered. Prominent blood changes observed in this group were neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. The number of mucous and chloride cells increased significantly in both groups. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that exposure of <i>D. rerio</i> to SDBS, even for 96 hr, produced adverse morphological and hematological effects associated with a reduction in SOD activity. Our findings indicate that exposure of aquatic species to the anionic surfactant SDBS may lead to adverse consequences associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, this study highlights the risks that this substance may pose to aquatic ecosystems and emphasizes the need for further investigations and strict regulations on its disposal.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17Epub Date: 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2311828
Vagner José de Albuquerque, Alexandre Folador, Caroline Müller, Aline Pompermaier, Marília Hartmann, Paulo Afonso Hartmann
The assessment of amphibian responses as bioindicators of exposure to chemical pollutants is an important tool for conservation of native species. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic aluminum (Al) and zinc (Zn) exposure on survival, body size, morphology (malformations), and immune system (leukocyte profile) in P. cuvieri tadpoles. Ecotoxicological analyses were performed utilizing chronic toxicity tests in which 210 tadpoles at the 25th Gosner developmental stage were exposed to Al and Zn. Individuals of P. cuvieri were maintained in glass containers containing various concentrations of aluminum sulfate (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/L) and zinc sulfate (0.18, 0.27 or 0.35 mg/L), and tests were performed in triplicate. After 14 days, amphibians were weighed, measured and survival rate, malformations in the oral and intestine apparatus, leukocyte profile, and ratio between neutrophils and lymphocytes determined. The differing concentrations of Al and Zn did not produce lethality in P. cuvieri where 95% of the animals survived 326 hr following metal exposure. Individuals exposed to Zn achieved greater body growth and weight gain compared to controls. Aluminum increased weight gain compared controls. These metals also produced malformations of the oral and intestine apparatus and enhanced occurrence of hemorrhages, especially at the highest doses. Lymphocytes were the predominant cells among leukocytes, with lymphopenia and neutrophilia observed following Al and Zn treatment, as evidenced by elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, an important indicator of stress in animals. Data suggest that further studies need to be carried out, even with metal concentrations higher than those prescribed by CONAMA, to ensure the conservation of this species.
作为接触化学污染物的生物指标,评估两栖动物的反应是保护本地物种的重要工具。本研究旨在调查长期接触铝(Al)和锌(Zn)对 P. cuvieri 蝌蚪的存活率、体型、形态(畸形)和免疫系统(白细胞特征)的影响。生态毒理学分析是利用慢性毒性试验进行的,在该试验中,210 只处于第 25 个 Gosner 发育阶段的蝌蚪暴露于 Al 和 Zn。在含有不同浓度的硫酸铝(0.1、0.2 或 0.3 毫克/升)和硫酸锌(0.18、0.27 或 0.35 毫克/升)的玻璃容器中饲养 P. cuvieri 个体,试验一式三份。14 天后,对两栖动物进行称重、测量,并测定存活率、口腔和肠道器官畸形、白细胞特征以及中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比例。不同浓度的铝和锌不会导致库氏两栖动物死亡,其中 95% 的动物在接触金属 326 小时后存活下来。与对照组相比,接触锌的个体的身体生长和体重增加更快。与对照组相比,铝增加了体重增加。这些金属还导致口腔和肠道器官畸形,并增加出血的发生率,尤其是在最高剂量时。淋巴细胞是白细胞中最主要的细胞,铝和锌处理后可观察到淋巴细胞减少和中性粒细胞增多,中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率升高证明了这一点,中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率升高是动物应激的一个重要指标。数据表明,为确保该物种的保护,需要开展进一步的研究,即使金属浓度高于国家环境部长理事会规定的浓度。
{"title":"How do different concentrations of aluminum and zinc affect the survival, body size, morphology and immune system of <i>Physalaemus cuvieri</i> (Fitzinger, 1826) tadpole?","authors":"Vagner José de Albuquerque, Alexandre Folador, Caroline Müller, Aline Pompermaier, Marília Hartmann, Paulo Afonso Hartmann","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2311828","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2311828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of amphibian responses as bioindicators of exposure to chemical pollutants is an important tool for conservation of native species. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic aluminum (Al) and zinc (Zn) exposure on survival, body size, morphology (malformations), and immune system (leukocyte profile) in <i>P. cuvieri</i> tadpoles. Ecotoxicological analyses were performed utilizing chronic toxicity tests in which 210 tadpoles at the 25<sup>th</sup> Gosner developmental stage were exposed to Al and Zn. Individuals of <i>P. cuvieri</i> were maintained in glass containers containing various concentrations of aluminum sulfate (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/L) and zinc sulfate (0.18, 0.27 or 0.35 mg/L), and tests were performed in triplicate. After 14 days, amphibians were weighed, measured and survival rate, malformations in the oral and intestine apparatus, leukocyte profile, and ratio between neutrophils and lymphocytes determined. The differing concentrations of Al and Zn did not produce lethality in <i>P. cuvieri</i> where 95% of the animals survived 326 hr following metal exposure. Individuals exposed to Zn achieved greater body growth and weight gain compared to controls. Aluminum increased weight gain compared controls. These metals also produced malformations of the oral and intestine apparatus and enhanced occurrence of hemorrhages, especially at the highest doses. Lymphocytes were the predominant cells among leukocytes, with lymphopenia and neutrophilia observed following Al and Zn treatment, as evidenced by elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, an important indicator of stress in animals. Data suggest that further studies need to be carried out, even with metal concentrations higher than those prescribed by CONAMA, to ensure the conservation of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2308256
Maria Fernanda Madrid Mendoza, Jessica Almeida Mota, Fatima de Cassia Evangelista de Oliveira, Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti, João Fabio Turco, Yohandra Reyes Torres, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, Francisco W A Barros-Nepomuceno, Danilo Damasceno Rocha, Claudia Pessoa, Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
Tithonia diversifolia is a perennial bushy plant found in South America with significant ethnopharmacological importance as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of T. diversifolia (TdE) on human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, SNB-19, NCIH-460 and MCF-7), as well as the mechanism of action involved in cell death and cellular modulation of oxidative stress. The TdE exhibited significant activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.12 to 38.41 μg/ml, with HCT-116 being the most sensitive cell line. Subsequent experiments were conducted with HCT-116 cell line. TdE decreased the number of viable cells, followed by induction of apoptotic events, increase in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and enhanced G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Pro-oxidative effects including elevated acidic vesicular organelle formation, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide by-products, as well as reduced levels of intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species production were also observed following incubation with TdE, which may lead to DNA damage followed by apoptotic cell death. These results demonstrate the potential of TdE ethanolic leaf extraction for biological activity and enhance the importance of continuing to study natural sources of plants for the development of anticancer agents.
{"title":"Ethanolic extract from leaves of <i>tithonia diversifolia</i> induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells through oxidative stress.","authors":"Maria Fernanda Madrid Mendoza, Jessica Almeida Mota, Fatima de Cassia Evangelista de Oliveira, Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti, João Fabio Turco, Yohandra Reyes Torres, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, Francisco W A Barros-Nepomuceno, Danilo Damasceno Rocha, Claudia Pessoa, Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2308256","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2308256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> is a perennial bushy plant found in South America with significant ethnopharmacological importance as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of <i>T. diversifolia</i> (TdE) on human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, SNB-19, NCIH-460 and MCF-7), as well as the mechanism of action involved in cell death and cellular modulation of oxidative stress. The TdE exhibited significant activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 7.12 to 38.41 μg/ml, with HCT-116 being the most sensitive cell line. Subsequent experiments were conducted with HCT-116 cell line. TdE decreased the number of viable cells, followed by induction of apoptotic events, increase in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and enhanced G<sub>2</sub>/M phase of the cell cycle. Pro-oxidative effects including elevated acidic vesicular organelle formation, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide by-products, as well as reduced levels of intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species production were also observed following incubation with TdE, which may lead to DNA damage followed by apoptotic cell death. These results demonstrate the potential of TdE ethanolic leaf extraction for biological activity and enhance the importance of continuing to study natural sources of plants for the development of anticancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piperlongumine (PLN) is a biologically active alkaloid/amide derived from Piper longum, with known promising anticancer activity. The aim of this study was to compare the antiproliferative activity of PLN in human breast MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line with effects in HB4a normal mammary epithelial non-tumor cell line. The parameters examined were cell growth, viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA damage, as well as the effects on the modulating targets responsible through regulation of these pathways. PLN increased ROS levels and expression of the SOD1 antioxidant enzyme. PLN inhibited the expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, TRx1, and PRx2. The ability of PLN to inhibit antioxidant enzyme expression was associated with the oxidative stress response. PLN induced genotoxicity in both cell lines and upregulated the levels of GADD45A mRNA and p21 protein. The DNA damage response ATR protein was downregulated in both cell lines and contributed to an enhanced PLN genotoxicity. In HB4a cells, Chk1 protein, and mRNA levels were also decreased. In response to elevated ROS levels and DNA damage induction, the cells were arrested at the G2/M phase, probably in an attempt to promote cell survival. Although cell viability was reduced in both cell lines, only HB4a cells underwent apoptotic cell death, whereas other types of cellular death may be involved in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these data provide insight into the anticancer mechanisms attributed to PLN effects, which acts as an inhibitor of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins and antioxidant enzymes.
{"title":"Piperlongumine inhibits antioxidant enzymes, increases ROS levels, induces DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest in breast cell lines.","authors":"Adrivanio Baranoski, Simone Cristine Semprebon, Bruna Isabela Biazi, Thalita Alves Zanetti, Amanda Cristina Corveloni, Lilian Areal Marques, Sandra R Lepri, Giuliana Castello Coatti, Mário Sérgio Mantovani","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2308801","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2308801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piperlongumine (PLN) is a biologically active alkaloid/amide derived from <i>Piper longum</i>, with known promising anticancer activity. The aim of this study was to compare the antiproliferative activity of PLN in human breast MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line with effects in HB4a normal mammary epithelial non-tumor cell line. The parameters examined were cell growth, viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA damage, as well as the effects on the modulating targets responsible through regulation of these pathways. PLN increased ROS levels and expression of the SOD1 antioxidant enzyme. PLN inhibited the expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, TRx1, and PRx2. The ability of PLN to inhibit antioxidant enzyme expression was associated with the oxidative stress response. PLN induced genotoxicity in both cell lines and upregulated the levels of <i>GADD45A</i> mRNA and p21 protein. The DNA damage response ATR protein was downregulated in both cell lines and contributed to an enhanced PLN genotoxicity. In HB4a cells, Chk1 protein, and mRNA levels were also decreased. In response to elevated ROS levels and DNA damage induction, the cells were arrested at the G2/M phase, probably in an attempt to promote cell survival. Although cell viability was reduced in both cell lines, only HB4a cells underwent apoptotic cell death, whereas other types of cellular death may be involved in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these data provide insight into the anticancer mechanisms attributed to PLN effects, which acts as an inhibitor of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins and antioxidant enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2309335
Raissa Miranda Scharf, Carine Oliveira Gonçalves, Andreia da Silva Fernandes, José Luiz Mazzei, Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz, Carlos Fernando Araujo Lima, Israel Felzenszwalb
Soursop (Annona muricata) is a tropical tree whose decoction derived from bark, root, seed, or leaf has been used for medicinal uses. In addition, the fruit itself is considered a food, and the juice is utilized to treat heart and liver diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic content. In addition, a water-soluble fraction of the soursop fruit pulp (WSSP) was examined for the following properties: antioxidant, mutagenic, and antimutagenicity. UV-visible spectrophotometry determined total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method to be 11.22 ± 0.6 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram dried extract, and free-radical scavenging activity by the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•) showed an EC50 of 1032 µg/ml. In the Salmonella/microsome assay, no marked mutagenicity was induced following WSSP treatment, and a chemopreventive capacity was observed in the antimutagenic assay. The cytotoxicity assays were carried out using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays demonstrated that WSSP induced significant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells, indicating greater effectiveness of cytotoxic action by destroying cell membrane integrity. Data suggest that WSSP may exert beneficial effects as a DNA chemopreventive and antitumor agent.
{"title":"Antimutagenic and antitumor activities of a water-soluble fraction of soursop (<i>syn</i> Graviola, <i>Annona muricata</i> L.) fruit pulp.","authors":"Raissa Miranda Scharf, Carine Oliveira Gonçalves, Andreia da Silva Fernandes, José Luiz Mazzei, Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz, Carlos Fernando Araujo Lima, Israel Felzenszwalb","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2309335","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2309335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soursop (<i>Annona muricata</i>) is a tropical tree whose decoction derived from bark, root, seed, or leaf has been used for medicinal uses. In addition, the fruit itself is considered a food, and the juice is utilized to treat heart and liver diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic content. In addition, a water-soluble fraction of the soursop fruit pulp (WSSP) was examined for the following properties: antioxidant, mutagenic, and antimutagenicity. UV-visible spectrophotometry determined total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method to be 11.22 ± 0.6 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram dried extract, and free-radical scavenging activity by the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•) showed an EC<sub>50</sub> of 1032 µg/ml. In the <i>Salmonella</i>/microsome assay, no marked mutagenicity was induced following WSSP treatment, and a chemopreventive capacity was observed in the antimutagenic assay. The cytotoxicity assays were carried out using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays demonstrated that WSSP induced significant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells, indicating greater effectiveness of cytotoxic action by destroying cell membrane integrity. Data suggest that WSSP may exert beneficial effects as a DNA chemopreventive and antitumor agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18Epub Date: 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2294925
Eduardo Kennedy Carrão Dantas, Caroline Lopes Simões Ferreira, Alana da Cunha Goldstein, Andreia da Silva Fernandes, Elisa Raquel Anastacio Ferraz, Israel Felzenszwalb, Carlos Fernando Araújo-Lima
The consumption of dietary supplements to enhance physical performance has increased significantly in the last century, especially thermogenic pre-workout supplements. Nevertheless, this industry has faced criticism for inadequate safety measures surveillance in regulatory issues regarding their products. The aims of our study were to investigate two pre-workout supplements with respect to (1) mutagenicity utilizing Salmonella/microsome assay; (2) genotoxicity employing cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay protocols; and (3) hepatocytoxicity using WST cell proliferation, activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase using human liver carcinoma (HepG2) and mouse fibroblast (F C3H) cells. Oxidative stress was determined through glutathione (GSH) measurement and in silico for predictions of pharmacokinetics and toxicity for the most abundant isolated substances present in these supplements. Both supplements induced mutagenicity in all examined bacterial strains, especially in the presence of exogenous metabolism. Further, tested supplements significantly elevated the formation of micronuclei (MN) as well as other cellular phenomena. Concentration- and time-dependent curves were observed for hepatotoxicity in both studied cell lines. In addition, both supplements decreased levels of intracellular and extracellular GSH. In silico predictions showed that the isolated individual compounds failed to induce the observed outcomes. Our findings provide contributions to the molecular mechanisms underlying two pre-workout supplement-induced toxicity and the need for surveillance.
{"title":"Marketable 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine-based thermogenic supplements: Regulatory genotoxicity assessment through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> approaches.","authors":"Eduardo Kennedy Carrão Dantas, Caroline Lopes Simões Ferreira, Alana da Cunha Goldstein, Andreia da Silva Fernandes, Elisa Raquel Anastacio Ferraz, Israel Felzenszwalb, Carlos Fernando Araújo-Lima","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2294925","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2294925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consumption of dietary supplements to enhance physical performance has increased significantly in the last century, especially thermogenic pre-workout supplements. Nevertheless, this industry has faced criticism for inadequate safety measures surveillance in regulatory issues regarding their products. The aims of our study were to investigate two pre-workout supplements with respect to (1) mutagenicity utilizing <i>Salmonella</i>/microsome assay; (2) genotoxicity employing cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay protocols; and (3) hepatocytoxicity using WST cell proliferation, activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase using human liver carcinoma (HepG2) and mouse fibroblast (F C3H) cells. Oxidative stress was determined through glutathione (GSH) measurement and <i>in silico</i> for predictions of pharmacokinetics and toxicity for the most abundant isolated substances present in these supplements. Both supplements induced mutagenicity in all examined bacterial strains, especially in the presence of exogenous metabolism. Further, tested supplements significantly elevated the formation of micronuclei (MN) as well as other cellular phenomena. Concentration- and time-dependent curves were observed for hepatotoxicity in both studied cell lines. In addition, both supplements decreased levels of intracellular and extracellular GSH. <i>In silico</i> predictions showed that the isolated individual compounds failed to induce the observed outcomes. Our findings provide contributions to the molecular mechanisms underlying two pre-workout supplement-induced toxicity and the need for surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18Epub Date: 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2300785
Chi Rim Sung, Byeong Jun Kim, Chan Ju Park, In Ah Oh, Yu Jin Lee, Yeo Rim Park, Seung Jun Kwack
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, oxybenzone) is one of the most widely used types of benzophenone organic sunscreen. However, this compound is a potentially harmful toxicant. The aim of this study was 2-fold to: (1) utilize a Hershberger bioassay in vivo in castrated male Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the anti-androgenic activities of BP-3, and (2) use in vitro a methyl tetrazolium assay to compare the toxicity between Leydig cells (TM3 cells) and mouse fibroblast (NIH-3T3) cell lines. In the Hershberger assay, rats were divided into 6 groups (each of n = 7): a vehicle control, negative control, positive control, PB-3 low (40 mg/kg), BP-3 intermediate (200 mg/kg), and BP-3 high (1000 mg/kg)-dose. The weight of the ventral prostate was significantly decreased at BP-3 doses of 200 or 1,000 mg/kg/day. In addition, the levator anibulbocavernosus muscle weights were also significantly reduced at BP-3 doses of 40, 200, or 1,000 mg/kg/day. In the MTT assay, the viability of NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was within the normal range. However, the TM3 mouse testis Leydig cell viability was significantly lowered in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, data indicate that BP-3 might exert in vivo anti-androgenic and in vitro cytotoxic effects in cells associated with the male reproductive system compared to normal non-reproductive cells.Abbreviation: BP-3: benzophenone-3; CG: Cowper's gland; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GP: glans penis; LABC: levator anibulbocavernosus muscle; MTT: methyl tetrazolium; NC: negative control; PC: positive control; SV: seminal vesicle; TP: testosterone propionate; VC: vehicle control; VP: ventral prostate.
{"title":"Evaluation of the anti-androgenic and cytotoxic effects of benzophenone-3 in male Sprague-Dawley rats.","authors":"Chi Rim Sung, Byeong Jun Kim, Chan Ju Park, In Ah Oh, Yu Jin Lee, Yeo Rim Park, Seung Jun Kwack","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2300785","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2300785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzophenone-3 (BP-3, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, oxybenzone) is one of the most widely used types of benzophenone organic sunscreen. However, this compound is a potentially harmful toxicant. The aim of this study was 2-fold to: (1) utilize a Hershberger bioassay <i>in vivo</i> in castrated male Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the anti-androgenic activities of BP-3, and (2) use <i>in vitro</i> a methyl tetrazolium assay to compare the toxicity between Leydig cells (TM3 cells) and mouse fibroblast (NIH-3T3) cell lines. In the Hershberger assay, rats were divided into 6 groups (each of <i>n</i> = 7): a vehicle control, negative control, positive control, PB-3 low (40 mg/kg), BP-3 intermediate (200 mg/kg), and BP-3 high (1000 mg/kg)-dose. The weight of the ventral prostate was significantly decreased at BP-3 doses of 200 or 1,000 mg/kg/day. In addition, the levator anibulbocavernosus muscle weights were also significantly reduced at BP-3 doses of 40, 200, or 1,000 mg/kg/day. In the MTT assay, the viability of NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was within the normal range. However, the TM3 mouse testis Leydig cell viability was significantly lowered in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, data indicate that BP-3 might exert <i>in vivo</i> anti-androgenic and <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic effects in cells associated with the male reproductive system compared to normal non-reproductive cells.<b>Abbreviation:</b> BP-3: benzophenone-3; CG: Cowper's gland; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GP: glans penis; LABC: levator anibulbocavernosus muscle; MTT: methyl tetrazolium; NC: negative control; PC: positive control; SV: seminal vesicle; TP: testosterone propionate; VC: vehicle control; VP: ventral prostate.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-03Epub Date: 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2292709
Wan Shen, Hao Chen, Chiahao Shih, James Samet, Haiyan Tong
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was found to produce vascular injury, possibly by activating platelets within days after exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effects of dietary saturated fatty acids on platelet mitochondrial respiratory parameters following short-term inhalational exposure to PM2.5. A total of 22 healthy male volunteers were recruited from the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. Platelets were isolated from fresh whole blood samples and mitochondrial respiratory parameters were measured using an extracellular flux analyzer. Intake of saturated fat was averaged from multiple 24-hr dietary recalls. Daily ambient PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from ambient air quality monitoring stations. Correlation and ANOVA were used in data analyses, along with the pick-a-point method and the Johnson-Neyman technique for probing moderation. After controlling for age and omega-3 index, the intake of dietary saturated fatty acids after reaching 9.3% or higher of the total caloric intake significantly moderated the associations between PM2.5 exposure and several platelet mitochondrial respiratory parameters. In conclusion, dietary saturated fatty acids above 9.3% of total caloric intake influenced the relationship between short-term PM2.5 exposure and platelet mitochondrial respiration. Further research is needed to understand these associations and their implications for cardiovascular health.
{"title":"Modulatory effects of dietary saturated fatty acids on platelet mitochondrial function following short-term exposure to ambient Particulate Matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>).","authors":"Wan Shen, Hao Chen, Chiahao Shih, James Samet, Haiyan Tong","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2292709","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2292709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) was found to produce vascular injury, possibly by activating platelets within days after exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effects of dietary saturated fatty acids on platelet mitochondrial respiratory parameters following short-term inhalational exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>. A total of 22 healthy male volunteers were recruited from the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. Platelets were isolated from fresh whole blood samples and mitochondrial respiratory parameters were measured using an extracellular flux analyzer. Intake of saturated fat was averaged from multiple 24-hr dietary recalls. Daily ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were obtained from ambient air quality monitoring stations. Correlation and ANOVA were used in data analyses, along with the pick-a-point method and the Johnson-Neyman technique for probing moderation. After controlling for age and omega-3 index, the intake of dietary saturated fatty acids after reaching 9.3% or higher of the total caloric intake significantly moderated the associations between PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and several platelet mitochondrial respiratory parameters. In conclusion, dietary saturated fatty acids above 9.3% of total caloric intake influenced the relationship between short-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and platelet mitochondrial respiration. Further research is needed to understand these associations and their implications for cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16Epub Date: 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2289430
Martin Ndayambaje, Hicham Wahnou, Marieme Sow, Oumaima Chgari, Thierry Habyarimana, Mehdi Karkouri, Youness Limami, Abdallah Naya, Mounia Oudghiri
Ammi visnaga (A. visnaga) is an annual herb that has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments attributed to the presence of its bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the phytochemical properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of A. visnaga using in vitro and in vivo models. Our findings demonstrated that the extract contained a variety of beneficial components, including phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins, khellin, and visnagin. The total polyphenolic content and total flavonoid content were 23.26 mg/GAE/g dry weight and 13.26 mg/GAE/g dry weight, respectively. In vitro tests demonstrated that the extract possessed antioxidant properties as evidenced by the ability to scavenge free radicals, including DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide (NO), phosphomolybdate, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Further, the extract was found to inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced hemolysis. In a 90-d in vivo study, female Wistar rats were administered 1 g/kg of A. visnaga extract orally resulting in a significant increase in total white blood cell count. Although morphological changes were observed in the liver, no marked alterations were noted in kidneys and spleen. In a female Swiss albino mice model of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, A. visnaga significantly inhibited extravasations of Evans blue at doses of 0.5 or 1 g/kg with inhibition percentages of 51 and 65%, respectively, blocking tissue necrosis. The extract also demonstrated potential immunomodulatory properties in mice by enhancing antibody production in response to antigens. In silico molecular docking studies demonstrated a strong affinity between khellin or visnagin and immunomodulatory proteins, NF-κB, p52, and TNF-α. These findings suggest that A. visnaga may be considered a beneficial antioxidant with immunomodulatory properties and might serve as a therapeutic agent to combat certain diseases.
{"title":"Exploring the multifaceted effects of <i>Ammi visnaga</i>: subchronic toxicity, antioxidant capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities.","authors":"Martin Ndayambaje, Hicham Wahnou, Marieme Sow, Oumaima Chgari, Thierry Habyarimana, Mehdi Karkouri, Youness Limami, Abdallah Naya, Mounia Oudghiri","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2289430","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2289430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ammi visnaga</i> (<i>A. visnaga</i>) is an annual herb that has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments attributed to the presence of its bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the phytochemical properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of <i>A. visnaga</i> using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models. Our findings demonstrated that the extract contained a variety of beneficial components, including phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins, khellin, and visnagin. The total polyphenolic content and total flavonoid content were 23.26 mg/GAE/g dry weight and 13.26 mg/GAE/g dry weight, respectively. <i>In vitro</i> tests demonstrated that the extract possessed antioxidant properties as evidenced by the ability to scavenge free radicals, including DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide (NO), phosphomolybdate, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Further, the extract was found to inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)-induced hemolysis. In a 90-d <i>in vivo</i> study, female Wistar rats were administered 1 g/kg of <i>A. visnaga</i> extract orally resulting in a significant increase in total white blood cell count. Although morphological changes were observed in the liver, no marked alterations were noted in kidneys and spleen. In a female Swiss albino mice model of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, <i>A. visnaga</i> significantly inhibited extravasations of Evans blue at doses of 0.5 or 1 g/kg with inhibition percentages of 51 and 65%, respectively, blocking tissue necrosis. The extract also demonstrated potential immunomodulatory properties in mice by enhancing antibody production in response to antigens. <i>In silico</i> molecular docking studies demonstrated a strong affinity between khellin or visnagin and immunomodulatory proteins, NF-κB, p52, and TNF-α. These findings suggest that <i>A. visnaga</i> may be considered a beneficial antioxidant with immunomodulatory properties and might serve as a therapeutic agent to combat certain diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}