Journal of Theoretical Biology最新文献_第4页

Sucrose transport to the root and shoot in the seedling phloem 蔗糖在幼苗韧皮部向根和茎的转运。

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-07 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112291

Jacob M. Jepson , Leah R. Band

In the seedling, sucrose synthesised within the leaves is transported via the phloem throughout the plant for growth and maintenance. Sucrose allocation between the root and shoot thus determines their relative growth; however, our understanding of how phloem characteristics affects sucrose allocation remains incomplete. In this paper, we develop and analyse a mathematical model that describes phloem sucrose transport in the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling, from a source region in a leaf to a sink region in either the root or shoot. Motivated by experimental observations in Arabidopsis seedlings, we assume sucrose unloading occurs via both bulk flow and diffusion. Moreover, we extend previous models by assuming that the phloem water and sucrose are unloaded via two different microscopic channels traversing the phloem boundary (plasmodesmata and aquaporins), the density of which vary along the phloem. Numerical solutions of our mathematical model predict that differences between the plasmodesmatal fluxes in the root or shoot (which are controlled by plasmodesmatal number and aperture) are the dominant mechanism controlling root-shoot sucrose allocation. We predict that while the sucrose concentration external to the phloem affects the relative diffusive and advective unloading, it has limited affect on sucrose allocation. Furthermore, we predict that negative pressure gradients external to the phloem (due to the xylem, for example) can inhibit sucrose allocation to the root. However, the model predicts that the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling modelled here can alleviate this effect by increasing the plasmodesmatal conductivity within the root.

在幼苗中，在叶片中合成的蔗糖通过韧皮部运输到整个植物中，用于生长和维持。因此，蔗糖在根和茎之间的分配决定了它们的相对生长；然而，我们对韧皮部特征如何影响蔗糖分配的理解仍然不完整。本文建立并分析了拟南芥幼苗韧皮部蔗糖转运的数学模型，从叶片的源区转运到根或茎的汇区。根据拟南芥幼苗的实验观察，我们假设蔗糖的卸载是通过体积流和扩散两种方式发生的。此外，我们扩展了以前的模型，假设韧皮部的水和蔗糖通过两个不同的微观通道（连丝和水通道蛋白）在韧皮部边界上卸载，它们的密度沿着韧皮部变化。该数学模型的数值解表明，根与芽间的胞间连丝通量差异（由胞间连丝数和孔径控制）是控制根与芽间蔗糖分配的主要机制。我们预测韧皮部外的蔗糖浓度虽然会影响相对扩散和平流卸载，但对蔗糖分配的影响有限。此外，我们预测韧皮部外部的负压梯度（例如，由于木质部）可以抑制蔗糖分配到根。然而，该模型预测，本文模拟的拟南芥幼苗可以通过增加根内的胞间连丝电导率来缓解这种影响。

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引用次数: 0

Semi-hydraulic actuation in spider legs: The transport of the hemolymph does not hamper muscle driven leg joint flexion 蜘蛛腿的半液压驱动：血淋巴的运输不妨碍肌肉驱动的腿关节屈曲

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-07 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112350

Reinhard Blickhan , Tobias Siebert , Tom Weihmann

Hemolymph channels (lacunae) in the legs of spiders are part of their open circulatory system. They are defined as hemolymph-filled spaces between tissues within the exoskeletal tubes of the legs which are otherwise largely filled with muscles. In two of the major leg joints, the leg segments are connected via hinge joints with axes that are located at their dorsal rims.

The lacunae are used to channel hemolymph, which acts as a hydraulic fluid, to the extensor-less joints during the extension of the legs. However, due to competing optimization criteria of muscle-driven flexion and drainage of the hemolymph, fluid drag in the lacunae may hinder movement and force generation during flexion. Numerical modelling of dynamic flexions of the tibia-metatarsus joint, considering anatomical and physiological properties identified in the hunting spider Cupiennius salei, was used to investigate the trade-off between muscular force and hemolymph-drainage. The results showed that the diameters of the hemolymph channels exhibit a broad optimum for quick flexion. Within a wide range of channel diameters flexion times are hardly affected. Muscle properties, especially the time of muscle activation, strongly dampen the effect of the reduced muscle cross-section available. With small loads of 0.1g, similar to the spiders’ common prey size, the radius of the observed effective lacunae seems to enable the fastest flexions. A change in the aspect ratio of the tibia while maintaining the proportionality of its radius and the radius of the effective hemolymph channels leads to an extension of the flexion time.

蜘蛛腿上的血淋巴通道（腔隙）是其开放循环系统的一部分。它们被定义为腿部外骨骼管内组织之间充满淋巴的空隙，否则这些空隙大部分被肌肉填充。在两个主要的腿关节中，腿节通过铰链关节连接，轴位于其背缘。在腿伸展过程中，腔隙用于将血淋巴作为液压流体输送到无伸肌关节。然而，由于肌肉驱动屈曲和血淋巴引流的竞争优化标准，陷窝中的液体阻力可能会阻碍屈曲过程中的运动和力的产生。考虑到狩猎蜘蛛Cupiennius salei的解剖和生理特性，采用数值模拟胫骨-跖关节的动态屈曲来研究肌肉力和淋巴排水之间的权衡。结果表明，血淋巴通道的直径表现出较宽的最适宜的快速屈曲。在较宽的通道直径范围内，弯曲时间几乎不受影响。肌肉特性，特别是肌肉激活的时间，强烈地抑制了减少肌肉横截面可用的效果。在0.1g的小载荷下，与蜘蛛常见猎物的大小相似，观察到的有效腔隙的半径似乎能够实现最快的弯曲。胫骨长宽比的改变，同时保持其半径和有效血淋巴通道半径的比例性，导致屈曲时间的延长。

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引用次数: 0

A mixed-effects cosinor modelling framework for circadian gene expression 昼夜节律基因表达的混合效应余弦模型框架。

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-07 Epub Date: 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112301

Michael T. Gorczyca

Many behavioral, molecular, and physiological phenomena oscillate on an approximately 24-h cycle, or display a circadian rhythm. One phenomenon of particular interest is gene expression, as multiple studies have identified associations between the oscillations in gene expression levels and a person’s health. A challenge in identifying these associations for a population is that the circadian rhythm is unique to each person. Specifically, the times at which a gene’s expression levels peak and trough are based on a person’s internal circadian clock, and each person’s internal circadian clock time is uniquely offset relative to the 24-h day-night cycle time. If each person’s offset is not taken into account when estimating the parameters of a population-level cosinor model, which is commonly used to represent how gene expression levels oscillate, then the population-level amplitude parameter estimate for this model could be erroneously attenuated. This attenuation bias would increase the likelihood of falsely concluding that a gene’s expression levels do not oscillate. While laboratory tests can mitigate attenuation bias by determining each person’s offset, these laboratory tests are often expensive to perform. To address attenuation bias without performing laboratory tests, we propose a new method for estimating the parameters of a population-level cosinor model using longitudinal data from multiple genes and people. First, the parameters of a population-level cosinor model are estimated for each gene without considering each person’s offset. Second, the parameters of an individual-level cosinor model are estimated for each person and each gene. Third, a data-driven offset is computed for each person using the parameter estimates of these models. Fourth, the parameters of a new population-level cosinor model are estimated for each gene incorporating these data-driven offsets. Simulation studies show that this method mitigates attenuation bias in population-level amplitude parameter estimates and in hypothesis test statistics that are computed to determine whether or not a gene’s expression levels oscillate. Application of this method on data from three different studies demonstrates that this method consistently produces population-level parameter estimates and hypothesis test statistics that closely match those obtained when each person’s offset is determined from laboratory tests.

许多行为、分子和生理现象表现出振荡行为，以大约24小时的周期或昼夜节律重复。一个特别令人感兴趣的现象是基因表达，因为多项研究已经确定了基因表达水平的波动与人的健康之间的关联。在人群中确定这些关联的一个挑战是，每个人的昼夜节律都是独特的。具体来说，基因表达高峰和低谷的时间是基于一个人的内部生物钟，每个人的内部生物钟时间相对于24小时的昼夜周期时间是唯一的偏移。如果在估计基因表达水平的种群水平余弦模型的参数时没有考虑到每个人的偏移量，那么该模型的种群水平振幅参数估计可能会被错误地衰减。这种衰减偏差会增加错误地得出基因表达水平不振荡的结论的可能性。虽然额外的实验室测试可以通过确定每个人的偏移量来减轻衰减偏差，但这些额外的实验室测试通常成本高昂。为了在不进行额外实验室测试的情况下解决衰减偏差，我们提出了一种利用来自多个基因和人群的纵向数据估计种群水平余弦模型参数的新方法。首先，在不考虑每个人的偏移量的情况下，估计每个基因的种群水平余弦模型的参数。其次，估计每个人和每个基因的个体水平余弦模型的参数。第三，使用这些模型的参数估计为每个人计算数据驱动的偏移量。第四，对包含这些数据驱动偏移量的每个基因估计新的种群水平余弦模型的参数。模拟研究表明，该方法减轻了种群水平振幅参数估计和假设检验统计中的衰减偏差，这些统计用于确定基因表达水平是否振荡。将该方法应用于三个不同研究的数据表明，该方法始终产生总体水平的参数估计值和假设检验统计量，与通过其他实验室测试确定每个人的偏移量时获得的数据非常吻合。

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引用次数: 0

Bistability in the regulatory system of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway arising from the Bax and Bcl-xL interactions 由Bax和Bcl-xL相互作用引起的内在凋亡通路调控系统的双稳定性。

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-07 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112344

Ruslan M. Timchenko , Mikhail A. Panteleev

The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis mediates programmed cell death in several major scenarios, but mechanisms regulating its triggering remain unclear. We developed a kinetic mathematical model based on ordinary differential equations and the law of mass action to investigate whether bistability in the regulatory system of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway can be achieved purely on the basis of Bax protein interaction with its inhibitor Bcl-xL proteins, without BH3-only proteins. The model has two compartments, the cytosol and the outer mitochondrial membrane. The mechanisms included were translocation of Bax between the compartments, its two-stage activation through incorporation into the membrane and exposure of its BH3 domain, formation of Bax homodimers and its heterodimers with Bcl-xL, the positive feedback from activated Bax. The model exhibits explosive dynamics with saturation when the threshold stimulus is exceeded. The bistability observed in the system belongs to the “trigger” class (the system can return to the lower branch when the stimulus is removed), but exists in a relatively narrow range of parameters. A structural study of the system properties shows that it is the Bax dimerization in heterodimer with Bcl-xL, homodimerization, Bax autoactivation and Bax retrotranslocation that produces a bistable system of the “trigger” type. These results suggest that pair of Bax and Bcl-xL is sufficient for a trigger and the model developed in can be used for studies of relevant intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways that do not involve BH3-only proteins, such as those initiated by the oxidative stress of the cell.

凋亡的内在途径介导了几种主要情况下的程序性细胞死亡，但调控其触发的机制尚不清楚。我们建立了一个基于常微分方程和质量作用定律的动力学数学模型，以研究是否可以仅基于Bax蛋白与其抑制剂Bcl-xL蛋白的相互作用，而不依赖bh3蛋白，实现内在凋亡通路调控系统的双稳定性。该模型有两个室室，细胞质和线粒体外膜。其机制包括Bax在胞室间的易位，其通过掺入膜和暴露BH3结构域的两阶段激活，与Bcl-xL形成Bax同二聚体和异二聚体，以及活化Bax的正反馈。当超过阈值刺激时，模型表现为饱和爆炸动力学。系统中观察到的双稳性属于“触发”类（当刺激被移除时，系统可以返回到下支路），但存在于相对狭窄的参数范围内。系统性质的结构研究表明，Bax与Bcl-xL异二聚体的二聚化、同二聚化、Bax的自激活和Bax的反转录易位产生了一个“触发”型双稳态系统。这些结果表明，Bax和Bcl-xL对足以作为一个触发器，并且该模型可以用于研究不涉及bh3蛋白的相关内在凋亡信号通路，例如由细胞氧化应激启动的凋亡信号通路。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial: Improving pandemic and epidemic responses - novel methods and lessons learned from previous infectious disease outbreaks. 社论：改进大流行和流行病应对——新方法和从以往传染病暴发中吸取的经验教训。

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2026.112424

Ben Swallow, Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths

Recent outbreaks, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have highlighted the importance of mathematical and statistical modelling in understanding the drivers of transmission and how to tailor responses. Improving future responses requires lessons from these previous outbreaks to be learned and the remaining challenges overcome. This requires developing appropriate mathematical, statistical and computational frameworks that accurately capture the studied mechanisms, leading to a better understanding of how different data can affect these formulations or the simulated interventions. Furthermore, improving model validation and quantifying uncertainty in the model parameter estimates and projections when applied responsively across settings and diseases is also required. Via a collection of 22 papers, this special issue brings together both theoretical advances and applied modelling innovations aimed at improving epidemic and pandemic preparedness and response. It includes articles that develop novel statistical inference approaches, as well as sophisticated and data-informed mathematical models, enhanced simulation techniques, exploration of heterogeneities in disease transmission both across ages and settings and the use of modelling techniques to evaluate intervention strategies across different diseases and settings to improve public health outcomes.

最近的疫情，包括2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，突出了数学和统计建模在了解传播驱动因素以及如何制定应对措施方面的重要性。改进今后的应对措施需要吸取以往疫情的教训，克服剩下的挑战。这需要开发适当的数学、统计和计算框架，以准确捕捉所研究的机制，从而更好地理解不同的数据如何影响这些公式或模拟干预措施。此外，还需要改进模型验证，并在响应性地应用于各种环境和疾病时量化模型参数估计和预测中的不确定性。本期特刊收录了22篇论文，汇集了旨在改善流行病和大流行病防范和应对的理论进展和应用模型创新。它包括开发新的统计推断方法的文章，以及复杂和数据知情的数学模型，增强的模拟技术，探索不同年龄和环境的疾病传播的异质性，以及使用建模技术来评估不同疾病和环境的干预策略，以改善公共卫生结果。

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引用次数: 0

Synergy between CO₂ and water activity in subaerial biofilms in varying environments. 不同环境下陆地生物膜中二氧化碳和水活性的协同作用。

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2026.112427

Alberto Tenore, Isaac Klapper

Subaerial biofilms (SABs) are microbial communities that colonize exposed surfaces, playing a role in biogeochemical cycles and the deterioration of built heritage. Their functioning is tightly coupled to environmental conditions, particularly moisture and carbon availability. This work presents a predictive framework to assess the long-term stability of SABs in response to future environmental changes - specifically, variations in temperature (T), air relative humidity (RH), and atmospheric CO₂ partial pressure. The approach is based on a system of ordinary differential equations that describe the dynamics of key SAB components such as cyanobacteria, heterotrophs and polysaccharides. Using daily environmental profiles representative of summer and winter conditions, the model explores both the individual and combined impacts of T, RH and CO₂ on microbial metabolism, productivity, and ecosystem composition. Results suggest that while temperature increases negatively affect inorganic carbon availability, they do not cause substantial shifts in SAB structure - consistent with the wide thermal tolerance typical of these communities. In contrast, elevated atmospheric CO₂ may enhance carbon fixation and overall productivity. However, air relative humidity emerges as the primary regulator of microbial viability: even small fluctuations significantly alter the duration of metabolically active periods, with declines potentially leading to ecosystem collapse. Notably, the interaction between CO₂ and water activity is synergistic: increases in atmospheric CO₂ together with temperature-driven changes in relative humidity - either upward or downward - can in combination significantly influence SAB dynamics. These findings highlight the central role of water activity in maintaining SAB viability and suggest that even moderate shifts in microclimatic moisture availability could have profound impacts on these microbial communities.

地面生物膜（SABs）是指寄生在暴露表面的微生物群落，在生物地球化学循环和建筑遗产的退化中发挥作用。它们的功能与环境条件密切相关，特别是湿度和碳的可用性。这项工作提出了一个预测框架，以评估SABs对未来环境变化的长期稳定性，特别是温度(T)、空气相对湿度（RH）和大气CO2分压的变化。该方法基于一个常微分方程系统，该系统描述了关键SAB组分（如蓝藻、异养菌和多糖）的动力学。利用代表夏季和冬季条件的日常环境剖面，该模型探讨了T、RH和CO2对微生物代谢、生产力和生态系统组成的单独和联合影响。结果表明，虽然温度升高会对无机碳有效性产生负面影响，但不会引起SAB结构的实质性变化，这与这些群落典型的广泛耐热性一致。相比之下，大气中二氧化碳的增加可能会增强固碳和整体生产力。然而，空气相对湿度是微生物活力的主要调节因素：即使很小的波动也会显著改变代谢活跃期的持续时间，下降可能导致生态系统崩溃。值得注意的是，CO2和水活度之间的相互作用是协同的：大气CO2的增加加上温度驱动的相对湿度的变化（向上或向下）可以共同显著影响SAB动态。这些发现强调了水活性在维持SAB活力方面的核心作用，并表明即使小气候水分有效性的适度变化也可能对这些微生物群落产生深远的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern on receptor-binding domain: A computational approach 受体结合域关注的SARS-CoV-2变体的抗体逃逸：一种计算方法

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-21 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112345

Dac-Nhan Nguyen , Quoc-Thai Nguyen , Thoai-My Dang , Phuong-Uyen Tran-Thi , Viet-Hung Tran , Minh-Tri Le , Lam-Truong Tuong , Van-Thanh Tran , Phuong Nguyen Hoai Huynh , Khac-Minh Thai

The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is a critical functional component responsible for binding between the SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE2 receptor, as well as monoclonal antibodies. This research focuses on evaluating the ability of SARS-CoV-2 variants to reduce or evade neutralizing antibody responses. The RBD structures of wild type, Delta, and Omicron structures along with nine RBD-directed antibodies downloaded from the Protein Data Bank were subjected to docking simulations via the HADDOCK 2.4 server to calculate Haddock score, binding affinity (ΔG) and dissociation constant (K_d). The resulting complexes underwent molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns using GROMACS, and the binding free energy was calculated using gmx_MMPBSA. The findings indicated that the L452R and T478K mutations in Delta, as well as the K417N, E484A, S477N, and Q493R mutations in Omicron, were predicted to be pivotal factors in the interaction with antibodies. Omicron exhibited a greater potential for immune evasion compared to Delta. Notably, the Sotrovimab antibody demonstrated robust interactions with both variants. Etesevimab exhibited strong binding with Delta but displayed a weaker connection with Omicron. Therefore, Sotrovimab and Etesevimab remain promising candidates for in vitro and in vivo testing against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

刺突蛋白的受体结合域（RBD）是负责SARS-CoV-2与ACE2受体以及单克隆抗体结合的关键功能成分。本研究的重点是评估SARS-CoV-2变体减少或逃避中和抗体反应的能力。将野生型、Delta和Omicron结构的RBD结构与从蛋白质数据库下载的9种RBD定向抗体通过HADDOCK 2.4服务器进行对接模拟，计算HADDOCK评分、结合亲和力（ΔG）和解离常数（Kd）。用GROMACS对得到的配合物进行了100 ns的分子动力学模拟，并用gmx_MMPBSA计算了结合自由能。结果表明，Delta基因的L452R和T478K突变，以及Omicron基因的K417N、E484A、S477N和Q493R突变预计是与抗体相互作用的关键因素。与德尔塔相比，欧米克隆表现出更大的免疫逃避潜力。值得注意的是，Sotrovimab抗体与这两种变体表现出强大的相互作用。Etesevimab与Delta结合较强，与Omicron结合较弱。因此，Sotrovimab和Etesevimab仍然是针对SARS-CoV-2变体的体内和体内测试的有希望的候选药物。

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引用次数: 0

Dispersal in multi-patch metapopulations: The impact of patch number and network topology 多斑块元种群的分散：斑块数和网络拓扑的影响。

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-21 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112331

Juan Segura , Marcos Marvá , Daniel Franco

Habitat fragmentation is a leading cause of biodiversity loss, and efforts to enhance connectivity through, for example, biological corridors are a common conservation strategy to mitigate it. However, understanding the effects of dispersal variation on the total biomass of spatially structured populations is still far from being well understood. For the simplest situation, i.e., a population occupying a habitat divided into two patches, recent studies have shown that there are only four possible response scenarios to increased connectivity in discrete- and continuous-time models under Beverton-Holt and logistic local dynamics, respectively. This paper explores whether the number of patches in a metapopulation influences the number of response scenarios to increased dispersal. We will show that for given local dynamics the number of possible response scenarios significantly increases when the number of patches increases from two to three. Moreover, the paper revisits the problem of how network topology affects total biomass dynamics for low dispersal rates. We will show that the previous claim that bidirectional connectivity always increases biomass at low dispersal rates when connecting sources is false. Indeed, we will prove that transiting from a chain topology to a ring topology can either increase or decrease the total biomass for low dispersal rates if one considers more realistic production functions or if the probability of using a concrete path is not the same in the whole metapopulation.

栖息地破碎化是生物多样性丧失的主要原因，通过生物走廊等方式加强连通性是缓解这一问题的常见保护策略。然而，对种群扩散变化对空间结构种群总生物量的影响还远远没有得到很好的理解。最近的研究表明，对于最简单的情况，即种群占据的栖息地分为两个斑块，在贝弗顿-霍尔特和logistic局部动力学的离散时间和连续时间模型中，分别只有四种可能的响应情景。本文探讨了元种群中斑块的数量是否会影响对增加分散的响应情景的数量。我们将表明，对于给定的局部动力学，当补丁数量从两个增加到三个时，可能的响应场景的数量显着增加。此外，本文重新审视了网络拓扑结构如何影响低扩散速率下的总生物量动态。我们将证明，当连接源时，以前的双向连接总是在低分散速率下增加生物量的说法是错误的。事实上，我们将证明，如果考虑更现实的生产函数，或者在整个元种群中使用具体路径的概率不相同，从链状拓扑过渡到环状拓扑可以增加或减少低扩散率下的总生物量。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale analysis of electrically stimulated vascularised tumours 电刺激血管肿瘤的多尺度分析。

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-21 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112307

Zita Borbála Fülöp, Raimondo Penta

Electroporation-based therapies such as electrochemotherapy (ECT) hold a great promise for improving cancer treatments. While highly effective for superficial tumours, its application for deep-seated malignancies is challenged by complex microstructural properties, and current models often lack a multiscale theoretical framework to capture those phenomena. Here we develop and solve a novel system of coupled partial differential equations of Darcy-Laplace type obtained by applying the asymptotic homogenisation technique. We study the tumour response stimulated by an electric field. We derive effective macroscale equations for the pressure, velocity, and electric potential, whilst incorporating both hydraulic and electric microscale tissue heterogeneities. Our coupled multiscale approach bridges the gap between the tumour microstructure and macroscale dynamics, offering a more comprehensive understanding of how tumour size, morphology, and hydraulic-electrical interactions influence interstitial flow. We present a parametric analysis of the hydraulic conductivity tensor and macroscale numerical simulation results for pressure and velocity fields, highlighting the role of the electric field in modulating fluid flow. Our findings provide meaningful insights towards advancing ECT protocols.

以电穿孔为基础的疗法，如电疗（ECT），对改善癌症治疗有很大的希望。虽然对浅表肿瘤非常有效，但其在深层恶性肿瘤中的应用受到复杂微观结构特性的挑战，目前的模型往往缺乏多尺度理论框架来捕捉这些现象。本文利用渐近均匀化技术，建立并求解了一类新的达西-拉普拉斯型耦合偏微分方程组。我们研究电场刺激下肿瘤的反应。我们推导了有效的宏观尺度的压力、速度和电势方程，同时结合了水力和电微观尺度的组织异质性。我们的耦合多尺度方法弥合了肿瘤微观结构和宏观尺度动力学之间的差距，提供了对肿瘤大小、形态和液压-电相互作用如何影响间隙流动的更全面的理解。我们给出了水力传导张量的参数化分析和压力场和速度场的宏观数值模拟结果，强调了电场在调节流体流动中的作用。我们的发现为推进电痉挛疗法提供了有意义的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Demographic consequences of the loss of mating opportunities in a two-species reproductive interference system 两种生殖干扰系统中交配机会丧失的人口统计学后果。

IF 2 4区数学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-21 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112332

Yusuke Ikegawa , Chihiro Himuro , Atsushi Honma

Reproductive interference (RI) includes any negative effect on reproductive success of females that is induced by interspecific sexual interactions. Although previous population dynamic models of RI have focused on population-level processes (e.g., changes in population size), individual-level processes (e.g., search and courtship by males and subsequent choice by females) have been largely overlooked. In this study, we constructed a discrete-time population dynamic model comprising two species, assuming iterative courtship and mating within each reproductive time period (i.e., individual-level process) and subsequent population dynamics (i.e., population-level process). We assumed that if males (or females) have wide acceptance range to their counterparts, correct courtship (or mating) to conspecifics and incorrect courtship to heterospecifics would increase simultaneously. We also assumed that two species have different demographics (species 1 with higher reproduction and mortality, species 2 with lower reproduction and mortality). We showed that intermediate acceptance range of females mitigated the negative effect of courtship from heterospecific males on mating success. However, the initially more abundant species 1 can be outcompeted by the initially less abundant species 2. This is because the net negative effect of losing mating opportunities due to RI was greater for species 1 with higher mortality than for species 2 with lower mortality. Overall, the results of reproductive success, which are derived only from individual-level processes, are not always consistent with the demographic consequences, which are derived from both individual- and population-level processes. We propose that analyzing the RI system by considering both individual- and population-level processes is necessary.

生殖干扰（Reproductive interference， RI）是指由种间性互动引起的对雌性生殖成功的负面影响。虽然以前的种群动态模型集中在种群水平的过程（例如，种群规模的变化），但个体水平的过程（例如，雄性的寻找和求爱以及雌性随后的选择）在很大程度上被忽视了。在本研究中，我们构建了一个由两个物种组成的离散时间种群动态模型，该模型假设每个繁殖周期内的求偶和交配迭代过程（即个体水平过程）和随后的种群动态过程（即种群水平过程）。我们认为，如果雄性（或雌性）对异性的接受范围较宽，那么对同种异性的正确求偶（或交配）和对异种异性的不正确求偶会同时增加。我们还假设两个物种具有不同的人口统计学特征（物种1的繁殖率和死亡率较高，物种2的繁殖率和死亡率较低）。研究表明，雌性的中间接受范围减轻了异性雄性求偶对交配成功的负面影响。然而，最初丰度较高的物种1可能会被最初丰度较低的物种2打败。这是因为由于RI而失去交配机会的净负面影响对死亡率较高的物种1比死亡率较低的物种2更大。总的来说，生殖成功的结果只来自个人一级的过程，并不总是与人口的结果一致，而人口的结果则来自个人和人口一级的过程。我们建议在分析国际扶轮系统时，必须同时考虑个人与族群层面的过程。

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