Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics最新文献

This study aims to investigate the impact of fluid shear-thinning on the Magnus forces acting on a rotating cylinder or a sphere immersed in an unbounded flow using direct numerical simulation. The Carreau model is employed to represent the shear-thinning fluid, with the considered Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 0.01 to 100, Carreau number (Cu) from 0 to 100, power-law index (n) from 0.1 to 1, and viscosity ratio (β) from 0.001 to 0.5. The rotation rate (α) is fixed at 6. A characteristic Reynolds number, Re_c, based on a viscosity evaluated at the characteristic shear rate, ${\dot{\gamma }}_{\alpha }=\alpha U_{\infty }/2a$, is introduced. It is found that, at a constant Re_c, compared to that in a Newtonian fluid, the Magnus force exerted on the rotating cylinder or sphere in the shear-thinning fluid is reduced. This reduction results from the difference in viscosity distribution between the upper and lower sides of the cylinder or sphere. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that the logarithmic reduction in the Magnus force coefficient can be expressed as a linear combination of the logarithm of the strain rate difference and the logarithm of the shear strain rate sensitive function at two limit states, Cu→0 or Cu→∞. This work may be helpful to deepen the understanding of complex rheological behavior encountered in swirling flow hydrodynamics.

In this work, we present a numerical model to analyse particle migration and its impact on local rheological properties when a high-yield stress suspension like 3D printable concrete is transported through a narrow circular pipe. The particle migration is studied through the lens of suspension rheology, where the effect of local particle concentration on rheological properties is accounted for using Krieger–Dougherty-type models. 3D printable mixtures with different aggregate-to-binder (a/b) ratios and flows at various discharge rates are evaluated. It is observed that, depending on the discharge rate and a/b ratio, the flow behaviour could deviate from that expected in a Poiseuille flow of Bingham fluid owing to shear-induced particle migration. Interestingly, as a consequence of particle migration, the formation of a local unsheared region close to the pipe wall is observed, apart from the plug zone at the pipe centre in the partially unsheared pipe flow of Bingham fluids. Often, for concrete pipe flow simulation, the particle size is not small enough to warrant local treatment since the finite size of the particle is not fully reflected in the flow domain. In this work, the developed numerical model is also extended to account for the finite particle size to study the transition between the sheared and unsheared regions and assess the effect of considering finite size in our simulation. Finally, the model’s capability to predict global pressure loss in pipe flow is assessed through comparisons with experimental results.

Recent advances in rheometry exploiting frequency-modulated (chirp) waveforms have dramatically reduced the time required to perform linear viscoelastic characterisation of complex materials. However, the technique was optimised for ‘separate motor transducer’ instruments, in which the drive motor imposing the strain deformation is decoupled from the torque transducer. Whilst the use of optimised windowed chirps (OWCh) using other rheometers has been recently reported in the literature, no systematic study concerning the use of ‘combined motor transducer’ instruments (in which the motor and transducer subsystems are integrated into a single ‘head’) has been undertaken. In the present study, we demonstrate the use of OWCh rheometry using combined motor transducer/single-head rheometers using a stress-controlled operating principle, thus avoiding the reliance on complicated and instrument-specific feedback control systems that would be required to perform strain-controlled experiments. The use of stress-controlled chirps requires a modification to the established OWCh analysis protocol such that the complex viscosity ${\eta }^{\ast }\left(\omega \right)$ is used as an intermediate proxy function for ultimately computing the complex modulus $G^{\ast }\left(\omega \right)$. This approach negates the effect of the strain offset that is inherent to stress-controlled oscillatory rheometry. Secondly, a correction algorithm and operational criteria for identifying inertial artefacts is established before we consider the impact of chirp digitisation on data acquisition. The use of stress-controlled OWCh rheometry (which we term Stress-OWCh, i.e. $\sigma$OWCh) is demonstrated for a diverse range of material classes including, Newtonian calibration fluids (silicone oil), polymer solutions (polyethylene oxide in water), an entangled polymer melt (polydimethylsiloxane), worm-like micellar systems (cetylpyridinium chloride/sodium salicylate), time-evolving critical gels (gelatin) and aging elastoviscoplastic materials (Laponite®). This novel implementation of chirp waveforms using a single-head rheometer will facilitate the wider adoption of OWCh rheometry and allow the benefits of frequency-modulation techniques to be exploited where separate motor transducer instruments are unavailable/unsuitable.

Rayleigh-Bénard convection in square closed cavities filled with Oldroyd-B fluid was studied using OpenFOAM-based RheoTool. For the RBC in Newtonian fluids, the transition always occurs from conduction to steady state convection with increasing Rayleigh number (Ra). On the other hand, the viscoelastic fluids may also show the transition from conduction to oscillatory convection. Further increase in Ra may result in a steady state convective solutions. It is further noted that the behavior is similar to Newtonian fluids for larger values of viscosity ratio (B). Considering the abovementioned different flow behavior at different values of the parameters, it is noted that there are five different types of solutions possible for the viscoelastic fluids viz. pure conduction (PC), one roll periodic oscillations (ORPO), one roll steady state (ORSS) convection, two roll periodic oscillations (TRPO), simultaneous one and two roll steady state convection. Therefore, a bifurcation diagram in the parametric space of Ra and B is presented, depicting these five regions corresponding to each type of solution. The boundaries of these regions have been identified by numerical simulation. Note that all these regions exist in the laminar flow regime, and the transition to turbulence is not considered here. Interestingly, at low values of B, as one increases Ra, it is seen that the ORSS region is sandwiched between ORPO and TRPO. The likely reason for this interesting behavior is explained. Moreover, representative solutions in each region in terms of isotherms, streamlines, and vector plots have been included to demonstrate the dynamics of each delineated region.