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State-aware real-time tracking and remote reconstruction of a Markov source 状态感知实时跟踪和马尔可夫源的远程重建
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.000035
Mehrdad Salimnejad;Marios Kountouris;Nikolaos Pappas
The problem of real-time remote tracking and reconstruction of a two-state Markov process is considered here. A transmitter sends samples from an observed information source to a remote monitor over an unreliable wireless channel. The receiver, in turn, performs an action according to the state of the reconstructed source. We propose a state-aware randomized stationary sampling and transmission policy which accounts for the importance of different states of the information source, and their impact on the goal of the communication process. We then analyze the performance of the proposed policy, and compare it with existing goal-oriented joint sampling and transmission policies, with respect to a set of performance metrics. Specifically, we study the real-time reconstruction error, the cost of actuation error, the consecutive error, and a new metric, coined importance-aware consecutive error. In addition, we formulate and solve a constrained optimization problem that aims to obtain the optimal sampling probabilities that minimize the average cost of actuation error. Our results show that in the scenario of constrained sampling generation, the optimal state-aware randomized stationary policy outperforms all other sampling policies for fast evolving sources, and, under certain conditions, for slowly varying sources. Otherwise, a semantics-aware policy performs better only when the source is slowly varying.
本文研究了双态马尔可夫过程的实时远程跟踪与重构问题。发射器通过不可靠的无线信道将样本从观察到的信息源发送到远程监视器。接收器依次根据重构源的状态执行动作。考虑到信息源不同状态的重要性及其对通信目标的影响,提出了一种状态感知的随机平稳采样和传输策略。然后,我们分析了所提出策略的性能,并将其与现有的面向目标的联合采样和传输策略进行了比较,并给出了一组性能指标。具体来说,我们研究了实时重建误差、驱动成本误差、连续误差以及一个新的度量,即重要性感知连续误差。此外,我们制定并解决了一个约束优化问题,旨在获得使驱动误差平均代价最小的最优采样概率。我们的研究结果表明,在约束采样生成的场景中,对于快速进化的源,以及在某些条件下,对于缓慢变化的源,最优状态感知随机平稳策略优于所有其他采样策略。否则,只有当源缓慢变化时,语义感知策略才会执行得更好。
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引用次数: 0
Fresh multiple access: A unified framework based on large models and mean-field approximations 新的多址访问:基于大模型和平均场近似的统一框架
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.000044
Haiming Hui;Shuqi Wei;Wei Chen
Information freshness has attracted increasingly attention in the past decade as it plays a critical role in the emerging real-time applications. Age of information (Aol) holds the promise of effectively characterizing the information freshness, hence widely considered as a fundamental performance metric. However, in multiple-device scenarios, most existing works focus on the analysis and optimization of AoI based on queueing systems. The study for a unified approach for general multiple access control scheme in freshness-oriented scenarios remains open. In this paper, we take into consideration the combination of the fundamental freshness metric AoI and multiple access control schemes to achieve efficient cross-layer analysis and optimization in freshness-oriented scenarios, which is referred to as fresh multiple access. To this end, we build a unified framework with a discrete-time tandem queue model for fresh multiple access. The unified framework enables the analysis and optimization for general multiple access protocols in fresh multiple access. To handle the high dimension framework embedded in fresh multiple access, we introduce large model approaches for the Markov chain formulation in AoI oriented scenarios. Two typical AoI-based metric are studied including age of incorrect information (AoII) and peak AoII. Moreover, to address the computational complexity of the large model, we present mean-field approximations which significantly reduces the dimension of the Markov chain model by approximating the integral affect of massive devices in fresh multiple access.
信息新鲜度在新兴的实时应用中起着至关重要的作用,在过去的十年中越来越受到人们的关注。信息时代(Aol)有望有效地表征信息的新鲜度,因此被广泛认为是一个基本的性能指标。然而,在多设备场景下,现有的工作大多集中在基于排队系统的AoI分析和优化上。在面向新鲜度的场景下,通用多址访问控制方案的统一方法的研究仍然是开放的。在本文中,我们考虑将基本新鲜度度量AoI与多访问控制方案相结合,在面向新鲜度的场景中实现高效的跨层分析和优化,即新鲜度多访问。为此,我们建立了一个统一的框架,采用离散时间串列队列模型进行新鲜多址访问。统一的框架可以对新多址下的通用多址协议进行分析和优化。为了处理嵌入在新鲜多址中的高维框架,我们引入了面向AoI场景的马尔可夫链公式的大模型方法。研究了两种典型的基于aoi的度量,包括错误信息年龄(AoII)和AoII峰值。此外,为了解决大型模型的计算复杂性,我们提出了平均场近似,通过近似大量设备在新多址中的积分影响,显着降低了马尔可夫链模型的维数。
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引用次数: 0
GaMiCO: Game-slicing based multi-interface computation offloading in 5G vehicular networks GaMiCO:基于游戏切片的5G车载网络多接口计算卸载
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.000027
Suhwan Jung;Hyoil Kim;Xinyu Zhang;Sujit Dey
Smart vehicles require constantly running heavy vehicular computations with their limited computation/energy resources. 5G vehicular networks have potential to resolve the issue, by letting the vehicular tasks offloaded to 5G mobile edge computing (MEC) servers. To better support vehicular computation offloading, this paper proposes a road-side 5G infrastructure consisting of multiple millimeter-wave (mmWave) small-cell base stations (BSs) and a cellular mid-band based macro-cell BS where each BS is equipped with an MEC server. Then, the vehicles with mmWave/mid-band dual interfaces can decide which BS to choose for offloading. We propose a decentralized offloading decision mechanism where each vehicle tries to minimize the time-energy joint cost with three choices: local computing, offloading to a small-cell MEC, offloading to a macro-cell MEC. In particular, we model the problem as an ordinal potential game, derive its potential function to ensure the existence of and finite-time convergence to a Nash equilibrium (NE), analyze its Price-of-Anarchy, and develop an iterative offloading decision update algorithm. In doing so, we also consider slicing the global game into multiple non-overlapping smaller games and running them in parallel, to investigate the best slicing strategy. Our extensive simulations show the game's real-time convergence to an NE, reveal the NE's near-optimal performance, and present the efficacy of the proposed game slicing.
智能车辆需要以其有限的计算/能源资源不断运行繁重的车辆计算。5G车载网络有可能通过将车载任务卸载到5G移动边缘计算(MEC)服务器来解决这个问题。为了更好地支持车辆计算卸载,本文提出了一种路边5G基础设施,该基础设施由多个毫米波(mmWave)小小区基站(BS)和基于蜂窝中频的宏小区基站组成,其中每个基站都配备有MEC服务器。然后,具有毫米波/中频双接口的车辆可以决定选择哪个BS进行卸载。我们提出了一种分散的卸载决策机制,其中每辆车都试图通过三种选择来最小化时间-能量联合成本:本地计算、卸载到小小区MEC、卸载到宏小区MEC。特别地,我们将该问题建模为有序势对策,推导其势函数以确保纳什均衡(NE)的存在性和有限时间收敛性,分析其无政府价格,并开发迭代卸载决策更新算法。在这样做的过程中,我们还考虑将全局游戏切片为多个不重叠的较小游戏,并并行运行它们,以研究最佳切片策略。我们的大量模拟显示了游戏对网元的实时收敛性,揭示了网元接近最优的性能,并展示了所提出的游戏切片的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Spectrum cartography based on dynamic compressed sensing by using multiple domains information 基于多域信息动态压缩感知的频谱制图
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.000028
Haiyang Xia;Song Zha;Jijun Huang;Jibin Liu;Peiguo Liu
Radio maps have experienced their success in applications of wireless communications for years by offering metrics of radio frequency (RF) information, e.g., power spectral density (PSD), within a geographical region of interest. Spectrum cartography technique constructs radio maps to expand the abilities of RF awareness. However, seldom of existing methods aim at constructing radio maps by utilizing multiple domains information. In this paper, a novel framework inspired by dynamic compressed sensing (DCS) has been proposed firstly to solve this problem. This flexible framework first to apply joint group-Lasso for PSD map construction based on the different sparse patterns between space and frequency domains as well as innovatively utilizes transmitters' mobility patterns for support prediction of DCS. Simulation experiments have been processed to assess the performance of methods within the proposed framework and framework's superiority has been proven.
多年来,无线电地图通过在感兴趣的地理区域内提供射频(RF)信息的度量,例如功率谱密度(PSD),在无线通信的应用中取得了成功。频谱制图技术构建无线电地图以扩展射频感知能力。然而,现有的方法很少旨在通过利用多域信息来构建无线电地图。为了解决这一问题,本文首先提出了一种受动态压缩传感(DCS)启发的新框架。该灵活的框架首先基于空间域和频域之间的不同稀疏模式,将联合组Lasso应用于PSD地图构建,并创新性地利用发射机的移动性模式来支持DCS的预测。已经进行了仿真实验来评估所提出的框架内的方法的性能,并且已经证明了框架的优越性。
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引用次数: 0
Information for authors 作者信息
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.100029
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引用次数: 0
Open access publishing agreement 开放获取出版协议
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.100030
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引用次数: 0
Efficient end-to-end failure probing matrix construction in data center networks 数据中心网络中有效的端到端故障探测矩阵构建
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.000029
Zequn Jia;Qiang Liu;Ying He;Qianqian Wu;Ren Ping Liu;Yantao Sun
Data centers play an essential role in the functioning of modern society. However, failures are unavoidable in data center networks (DCN) and will lead to negative impact on all applications. Therefore, researchers are interested in the rapid detection and localization of failures in DCNs. In this paper, we present a theoretical model to analyze the end-to-end failure detection methods in data center networks. Our numerical results verify that the proposed theoretical model is accurate. In addition, we propose an algorithm to construct probing matrices based on an enhanced probing path selection indicator. We also introduce deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method to solve the problem and propose a DRL-based probing matrix construction algorithm. Our experimental results show that both of the proposed algorithms for constructing probing matrices achieve better performance in detection accuracy than existing methods. We discussed different scenarios that the algorithms are applicable to that can improve detection accuracy or construction speed performance.
数据中心在现代社会的运作中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,在数据中心网络(DCN)中,故障是不可避免的,并将对所有应用程序产生负面影响。因此,研究人员对DCN中故障的快速检测和定位感兴趣。在本文中,我们提出了一个理论模型来分析数据中心网络中的端到端故障检测方法。数值结果验证了所提出的理论模型的准确性。此外,我们提出了一种基于增强型探测路径选择指示符的探测矩阵构造算法。我们还引入了深度强化学习(DRL)方法来解决这个问题,并提出了一种基于DRL的探测矩阵构造算法。实验结果表明,两种构造探测矩阵的算法在检测精度上都比现有方法有更好的性能。我们讨论了算法适用的不同场景,这些场景可以提高检测精度或构建速度性能。
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引用次数: 0
Joint association and resource allocation for multi-hop integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network 多跳综合接入回程(IAB)网络的联合关联与资源分配
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2022.000041
Byungju Lim;Ju-Hyung Lee;Jae-Hong Kwon;Ki-Hun Kim;Jong-Man Lee;Hyun Park;Young-Seok Ha;Young-Jin Han;Young-Chai Ko
Integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network is envisioned as a novel network architecture for increasing the network capacity and coverage. To facilitate the IAB network, the appropriate methods of wireless link association and resource management are required. In this paper, we investigate the joint optimization problem of association and resource allocation in terms of subchannel and power for IAB network. In particular, we handle the association and resource allocation problems for wireless backhaul and access links considering multi-hop backhauling. Since the optimization problem for IAB network is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP), we divide it into three subproblems for association, subchannel allocation, and power allocation, respectively, and these subproblems are solved alternatively to obtain a local optimal solution. For the association problem, we adopt the Lagrangian duality approach to configure the backhaul and access links and successive convex approximation (SCA) approach is used to solve the subchannel and power allocation problems efficiently. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than single-hop (SH) backhauling based network and enhances the capacity and coverage by configuring the multi-hop (MH) backhauling.
集成接入和回程(IAB)网络被设想为一种用于增加网络容量和覆盖范围的新型网络架构。为了促进IAB网络,需要适当的无线链路关联和资源管理方法。在本文中,我们从子信道和功率的角度研究了IAB网络的关联和资源分配的联合优化问题。特别地,我们处理考虑多跳回程的无线回程和接入链路的关联和资源分配问题。由于IAB网络的优化问题被公式化为混合整数非线性规划(MINLP),我们将其分为三个子问题,分别用于关联、子信道分配和功率分配,并交替求解这些子问题以获得局部最优解。对于关联问题,我们采用拉格朗日对偶方法来配置回程和接入链路,并使用逐次凸近似(SCA)方法来有效地解决子信道和功率分配问题。仿真结果表明,该算法比基于单跳(SH)回程的网络具有更好的性能,并通过配置多跳(MH)回程来提高容量和覆盖率。
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引用次数: 2
A novel group management scheme of clustered federated learning for mobile traffic prediction in mobile edge computing systems 一种新的基于聚类联邦学习的移动流量预测组管理方案
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.000025
Faranaksadat Solat;Tae Yeon Kim;Joohyung Lee
This study developed a novel group management scheme based on clustered federated learning (FL) for mobile traffic prediction (referred to as FedGM) in mobile edge computing (MEC) systems. In FedGM, to improve the convergence time during the FL procedure, we considered multiple MEC servers to first be clustered based on their geographic locations and augmented data patterns as references for clustering. In each cluster, by alleviating the straggler impact owing to the heterogeneity of MEC servers, we then designed a group management scheme that optimizes i) the number of groups to be created and ii) the group association of the MEC servers by minimizing their average idle time and group creation cost. For this purpose, we rigorously formulated analytical models for the computation time for local training and estimated the average idle time by applying different frequencies of local training over the MEC servers. The optimization problem was designed using a non-convex problem, and thus a genetic-based heuristic approach was devised for determining a suboptimal solution. By reducing the average idle time, thereby increasing the workload of the MEC servers, the experimental results for two real-world mobile traffic datasets show that FedGM surpasses previous state-of-the-art methods in terms of convergence speed with an acceptable accuracy loss.
本研究开发了一种新的基于集群联合学习(FL)的群组管理方案,用于移动边缘计算(MEC)系统中的移动流量预测(简称FedGM)。在FedGM中,为了提高FL过程中的收敛时间,我们考虑首先根据多个MEC服务器的地理位置和增强的数据模式对其进行聚类,作为聚类的参考。在每个集群中,通过减轻MEC服务器异构性造成的掉队者影响,我们设计了一个组管理方案,该方案通过最小化MEC服务器的平均空闲时间和组创建成本来优化i)要创建的组的数量和ii)MEC服务器的组关联。为此,我们严格制定了本地训练计算时间的分析模型,并通过在MEC服务器上应用不同频率的本地训练来估计平均空闲时间。优化问题是使用非凸问题设计的,因此设计了一种基于遗传的启发式方法来确定次优解。通过减少平均空闲时间,从而增加MEC服务器的工作量,两个真实世界移动流量数据集的实验结果表明,FedGM在收敛速度方面超过了以前最先进的方法,但精度损失可接受。
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引用次数: 0
A pluggable module for enabling a trusted edge device management system based on microservice 一个可插拔模块,用于启用基于微服务的可信边缘设备管理系统
IF 3.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2023.000023
Shih-Hsiung Lee;Jue-Zhi Liu
In the development of the intelligent Internet of things, edge computing plays a key role. Not only that it has the characteristics of a quick response, but it can also effectively reduce the burden of cloud computing. In addition, it can also extend the application of network edge through the coexistence and collaboration with the cloud system. However, with a large number of edge devices being deployed, the previous remote device management system will face the challenges of resource constraints and software firmware compatibility. In addition, implementing remote fault management, configuration management, accounting management, performance management, and security management through edge device management is a key task. Therefore, this study has designed and implemented a trusted edge device management system based on a microservice and a plug-and-play hardware management device. The running state of the edge device, the functions of remote device control, and system restart are monitored remotely by in- and out-of-band management modes. In addition, in terms of data transmission security, the design concept of a trusted platform module is introduced to realize data encryption and authentication, and ensure security and reliability. In this paper, the operational feasibility of management services based on containerized microservice in edge devices is verified with system benchmarking tools without affecting system performance. According to the experimental results, the proposed architecture in this study can be effective in edge device management.
在智能物联网的发展中,边缘计算起着关键的作用。它不仅具有快速响应的特点,还可以有效地减轻云计算的负担。此外,它还可以通过与云系统的共存和协作来扩展网络边缘的应用。然而,随着边缘设备的大量部署,以往的远程设备管理系统将面临资源限制和软件固件兼容性的挑战。此外,通过边缘设备管理实现远程故障管理、配置管理、计费管理、性能管理和安全管理是关键任务。因此,本研究设计并实现了一个基于微服务和即插即用硬件管理设备的可信边缘设备管理系统。通过带内和带外管理方式远程监控边缘设备的运行状态、远程设备控制功能和系统重启。此外,在数据传输安全方面,引入可信平台模块的设计理念,实现数据的加密和认证,保证数据的安全可靠。本文在不影响系统性能的前提下,利用系统基准测试工具验证了基于容器化微服务的管理服务在边缘设备中的运行可行性。实验结果表明,本文提出的架构能够有效地管理边缘设备。
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引用次数: 0
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