Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2024.000018
Mariana Baracat de Mello;Luciano Leonel Mendes;Daniely Gomes Silva;Paulo Ricardo Branco da Silva;Tiago Cardoso Barbosa
In remote rural areas, it is not possible to employ massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), small cells, and ultra-dense networks (UDNs) with the aim of increasing throughput. A solution is to improve the waveform spectral efficiency, integrating faster than Nyquist (FTN) signaling with generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM). However, this presents high self-interference in the time and frequency domains, requiring dedicated detectors for performance loss mitigation. Hard decision detection schemes primarily designed for MIMO have been adapted to detect FTN-GFDM signals without degradation of the uncoded bit error rate (BER), but these schemes are suboptimal in terms of capacity as they do not provide all the information contained in log-likelihood ratios (LLRs). We design and evaluate in this paper a soft sphere detector (SD) algorithm for FTN-GFDM that can be integrated with state-of-the-art forward error control (FEC) decoders for good BER performance over mobile channels. The SD detector is combined with polar codes, and the BER and complexity are evaluated for different channel models. The results show that FTN-GFDM can provide high spectrum efficiency gains without significant coded BER losses and with affordable complexity on the receiver side, which makes this waveform an interesting candidate for mobile networks in remote areas.
{"title":"FTN-GFDM detection based on reduced-complexity soft sphere decoding integrated with polar codes","authors":"Mariana Baracat de Mello;Luciano Leonel Mendes;Daniely Gomes Silva;Paulo Ricardo Branco da Silva;Tiago Cardoso Barbosa","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000018","url":null,"abstract":"In remote rural areas, it is not possible to employ massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), small cells, and ultra-dense networks (UDNs) with the aim of increasing throughput. A solution is to improve the waveform spectral efficiency, integrating faster than Nyquist (FTN) signaling with generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM). However, this presents high self-interference in the time and frequency domains, requiring dedicated detectors for performance loss mitigation. Hard decision detection schemes primarily designed for MIMO have been adapted to detect FTN-GFDM signals without degradation of the uncoded bit error rate (BER), but these schemes are suboptimal in terms of capacity as they do not provide all the information contained in log-likelihood ratios (LLRs). We design and evaluate in this paper a soft sphere detector (SD) algorithm for FTN-GFDM that can be integrated with state-of-the-art forward error control (FEC) decoders for good BER performance over mobile channels. The SD detector is combined with polar codes, and the BER and complexity are evaluated for different channel models. The results show that FTN-GFDM can provide high spectrum efficiency gains without significant coded BER losses and with affordable complexity on the receiver side, which makes this waveform an interesting candidate for mobile networks in remote areas.","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 3","pages":"284-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10579719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141495196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2024.000015
Toan-Van Nguyen;Thien Huynh-The;Vo-Nguyen Quoc Bao
In this paper, we study wireless energy transfer full-duplex (FD) Internet-of-things (IoT) networks, where multiple FD IoT relays are deployed to assist short-packet communications between a source and a robot destination with multiple antennas in automation factories. Considering two residual interference (RSI) models for FD relays, we propose a full relay selection (FRS) scheme to maximize the e2e signal-to-noise ratio of packet transmissions. We derive the closed-form expressions for the average block error rate (BLER) and throughput of the considered system, based on which the approximation analysis is also carried out. Towards real-time configurations, we design a deep learning framework based on the FRS scheme to accurately predict the average BLER and system throughput via a short inference process. Simulation results reveal the significant effects of RSI models on the performance of FD IoT networks. Furthermore, the CNN design achieves the lowest root-mean-squared error among other schemes such as the conventional CNN and deep neural network. Furthermore, the DL framework can estimate similar BLER and throughput values as the FRS scheme, but with significantly reduced complexity and execution time, showing the potential of DL design in dealing with complex scenarios of heterogeneous IoT networks.
{"title":"Short-packet communications in wireless energy transfer full-duplex IoT networks with deep learning design","authors":"Toan-Van Nguyen;Thien Huynh-The;Vo-Nguyen Quoc Bao","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000015","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study wireless energy transfer full-duplex (FD) Internet-of-things (IoT) networks, where multiple FD IoT relays are deployed to assist short-packet communications between a source and a robot destination with multiple antennas in automation factories. Considering two residual interference (RSI) models for FD relays, we propose a full relay selection (FRS) scheme to maximize the e2e signal-to-noise ratio of packet transmissions. We derive the closed-form expressions for the average block error rate (BLER) and throughput of the considered system, based on which the approximation analysis is also carried out. Towards real-time configurations, we design a deep learning framework based on the FRS scheme to accurately predict the average BLER and system throughput via a short inference process. Simulation results reveal the significant effects of RSI models on the performance of FD IoT networks. Furthermore, the CNN design achieves the lowest root-mean-squared error among other schemes such as the conventional CNN and deep neural network. Furthermore, the DL framework can estimate similar BLER and throughput values as the FRS scheme, but with significantly reduced complexity and execution time, showing the potential of DL design in dealing with complex scenarios of heterogeneous IoT networks.","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 3","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10579721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141495103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2024.000002
Julius Ssimbwa;Seok-Hyun Yoon;Yeongrok Lee;Young-Chai Ko
In the pursuit of a highly reliable and low-latency-enabled 5G-advanced new radio unlicensed (NR-U) system, addressing the challenge of high error rates and high signaling overhead transmissions remains key to improving network performance. In this context, to reduce error rates, mechanisms such as retransmissions can be employed. However, performing multiple retransmissions comes at the cost of utilizing extra transmission resources, which in turn affects the spectral efficiency of the network. This would further necessitate proper scheduling to alleviate resource wastage and undesirable collisions during data transmission. In this article, we provide an overview of the design specifications of the long-term evolution-license assisted access (LTE-LAA) technology and the prospective enhancements to enable NR-U operation in bands beyond 7 GHz. Additionally, we examine the configurations of selected design features to enable NR-U scheduling. Specifically, we illustrate the benefits and the limitations of the choice of the switching pattern under the frame structure, the feedback value type under the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) procedure, and the timing parameters under the radio link control (RLC) layer. Besides, we present simulation results to depict the impact of the configurations mentioned above on the performance of NR-U.
{"title":"Towards 5G-advanced NR-unlicensed systems: Physical layer design and performance","authors":"Julius Ssimbwa;Seok-Hyun Yoon;Yeongrok Lee;Young-Chai Ko","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000002","url":null,"abstract":"In the pursuit of a highly reliable and low-latency-enabled 5G-advanced new radio unlicensed (NR-U) system, addressing the challenge of high error rates and high signaling overhead transmissions remains key to improving network performance. In this context, to reduce error rates, mechanisms such as retransmissions can be employed. However, performing multiple retransmissions comes at the cost of utilizing extra transmission resources, which in turn affects the spectral efficiency of the network. This would further necessitate proper scheduling to alleviate resource wastage and undesirable collisions during data transmission. In this article, we provide an overview of the design specifications of the long-term evolution-license assisted access (LTE-LAA) technology and the prospective enhancements to enable NR-U operation in bands beyond 7 GHz. Additionally, we examine the configurations of selected design features to enable NR-U scheduling. Specifically, we illustrate the benefits and the limitations of the choice of the switching pattern under the frame structure, the feedback value type under the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) procedure, and the timing parameters under the radio link control (RLC) layer. Besides, we present simulation results to depict the impact of the configurations mentioned above on the performance of NR-U.","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 2","pages":"207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10522523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2024.000004
Benedetta Picano;Romano Fantacci
The advent of sixth-generation networks has given rise to numerous challenges, requiring the synergistic exploitation of both ground and air edge computing facilities. This paper considers an integrated ground-air edge computing scenario where the computation offloading of a set of delay sensitive tasks has to be performed in a context where ground and air computational facilities are already involved in monitoring and control proceduers in a remote area under an unpredictable overload of computation requests, e.g., related to the management of an emergency situation. In this reference, a matching game is proposed to assign tasks to the most suitable computation nodes, in order to minimize the outage probability of the newly arrived tasks, i.e., the probability with which tasks experience a completion time greater than the corresponding deadline. To this regard, we have considered that new allocated task suffer for a waiting time due to the time needed to complete the service of all the tasks already in the ground or air computation node. As a consequence, to statistically characterize such waiting time, under proper assumptions, we have resorted to the G/G/1 queuing system model and the Lindley's integral equation approach to define a suitable metric to formulate a tasks allocation procedure based on the matching theory. Furthermore, matching stability has been theoretically proved for the proposed approach. Finally, numerical results have been provided in order to highlight the better behavior of the proposed task allocation scheme in comparison with different state-of-the-art alternatives.
{"title":"An efficient tasks offloading procedure for an integrated edge-computing architecture","authors":"Benedetta Picano;Romano Fantacci","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000004","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of sixth-generation networks has given rise to numerous challenges, requiring the synergistic exploitation of both ground and air edge computing facilities. This paper considers an integrated ground-air edge computing scenario where the computation offloading of a set of delay sensitive tasks has to be performed in a context where ground and air computational facilities are already involved in monitoring and control proceduers in a remote area under an unpredictable overload of computation requests, e.g., related to the management of an emergency situation. In this reference, a matching game is proposed to assign tasks to the most suitable computation nodes, in order to minimize the outage probability of the newly arrived tasks, i.e., the probability with which tasks experience a completion time greater than the corresponding deadline. To this regard, we have considered that new allocated task suffer for a waiting time due to the time needed to complete the service of all the tasks already in the ground or air computation node. As a consequence, to statistically characterize such waiting time, under proper assumptions, we have resorted to the G/G/1 queuing system model and the Lindley's integral equation approach to define a suitable metric to formulate a tasks allocation procedure based on the matching theory. Furthermore, matching stability has been theoretically proved for the proposed approach. Finally, numerical results have been provided in order to highlight the better behavior of the proposed task allocation scheme in comparison with different state-of-the-art alternatives.","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 2","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10522525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2024.000021
{"title":"Open access publishing agreement","authors":"","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 2","pages":"279-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10522520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2024.000019
{"title":"Information for authors","authors":"","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 2","pages":"274-278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10522522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
System performance analysis is a vital issue in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communications, which is widely adopted for the design and estimation of wireless communication systems before deployments. To this end, the versatile system performance expressions that can be used under various conditions are of significant importance. This paper investigates the symbol error rate (SER) performance over the generalized κ — μ and η — μ fading channels, whereby the SER expressions in this case are versatile and can characterize the performance under various wireless channel models. To address the computational complexity associated with high-order trigonometric integration, we present the closed-form SER expressions with arbitrary small errors. Monte Carlo-based simulations demonstrate the validity of our derivation and analysis. Simulation results also show that: 1) the closed-form solutions we derived for SER yield minimal errors upon variations in the truncation factor T and are computationally more efficient, in which T can be set to a minimal value to attain precise outcomes or be optimally chosen contingent on the channel parameters; 2) elevating the values of parameters κ, μ and η results in decreased SER, with μ exerting a more significant impact than κ and η; and 3) our approximate expressions have superior accuracy compared to the previous estimated expressions.
系统性能分析是第五代（5G）及以后无线通信领域的一个重要问题，被广泛用于无线通信系统部署前的设计和估算。为此，可在各种条件下使用的通用系统性能表达式具有重要意义。本文研究了广义κ - μ和η - μ衰减信道上的符号错误率（SER）性能，在这种情况下，SER表达式具有多样性，可以表征各种无线信道模型下的性能。为了解决与高阶三角积分相关的计算复杂性问题，我们提出了具有任意小误差的闭式 SER 表达式。基于蒙特卡罗的仿真证明了我们的推导和分析的有效性。模拟结果还表明1) 我们推导出的 SER 闭式解在截断因子 T 变化时误差最小，计算效率更高，其中 T 可设置为最小值以获得精确结果，或根据信道参数进行优化选择；2) 提高参数 κ、μ 和 η 的值会降低 SER，其中 μ 比 κ 和 η 的影响更大；3) 与之前的估计表达式相比，我们的近似表达式具有更高的精确度。
{"title":"SER performance analysis of generalized κ — μ and η — μ fading channels","authors":"Jingjing Guo;Di Zhang;Li You;Xuewan Zhang;Shahid Mumtaz","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000005","url":null,"abstract":"System performance analysis is a vital issue in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communications, which is widely adopted for the design and estimation of wireless communication systems before deployments. To this end, the versatile system performance expressions that can be used under various conditions are of significant importance. This paper investigates the symbol error rate (SER) performance over the generalized κ — μ and η — μ fading channels, whereby the SER expressions in this case are versatile and can characterize the performance under various wireless channel models. To address the computational complexity associated with high-order trigonometric integration, we present the closed-form SER expressions with arbitrary small errors. Monte Carlo-based simulations demonstrate the validity of our derivation and analysis. Simulation results also show that: 1) the closed-form solutions we derived for SER yield minimal errors upon variations in the truncation factor T and are computationally more efficient, in which T can be set to a minimal value to attain precise outcomes or be optimally chosen contingent on the channel parameters; 2) elevating the values of parameters κ, μ and η results in decreased SER, with μ exerting a more significant impact than κ and η; and 3) our approximate expressions have superior accuracy compared to the previous estimated expressions.","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 2","pages":"193-206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10522516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2024.000014
Tyson Baptist D. Cunha;Kiran Manjappa
In this work, a static random access memory-physical unclonable function (SRAM-PUF) based device security framework is proposed which uses the trending blockchain technology for securing the device credentials. The proposed framework produces a unique fingerprint called PUF key for each device based on its hardware characteristics which will act as an authenticating parameter for the devices during the authentication and re-authentication phase. The proposed work uses both consortium and private blockchains for storing device credentials and authentication, unlike the current trend of using either a secured database or only a public blockchain. The consortium blockchain is used for first-time authentication, while the private blockchain is used for repeated authentication which saves the time incurred in accessing the consortium blockchain during repeated authentication. The proposed protocol also includes mutual authentication between the entities involved and thus provides dual security (device authentication and mutual authentication) to the proposed protocol making the system more secure and robust against attacks. Security analysis of the proposed protocol is done using the Scyther tool and the protocol is also theoretically proven to be stable under various attacks using threat analysis and the real-or-random model (ROR). The performance analysis of the protocol is done by analyzing the computation and communication cost of the proposed protocol against other state-of-the-art protocols. Further, the proposed protocol is also evaluated in the blockchain testbed which includes Raspberry PI and Arduino components. The results conveyed that the introduction of a private blockchain reduces the time incurred in the device re-authentication.
{"title":"Private and consortium blockchain-based authentication protocol for IoT devices using PUF","authors":"Tyson Baptist D. Cunha;Kiran Manjappa","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000014","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a static random access memory-physical unclonable function (SRAM-PUF) based device security framework is proposed which uses the trending blockchain technology for securing the device credentials. The proposed framework produces a unique fingerprint called PUF key for each device based on its hardware characteristics which will act as an authenticating parameter for the devices during the authentication and re-authentication phase. The proposed work uses both consortium and private blockchains for storing device credentials and authentication, unlike the current trend of using either a secured database or only a public blockchain. The consortium blockchain is used for first-time authentication, while the private blockchain is used for repeated authentication which saves the time incurred in accessing the consortium blockchain during repeated authentication. The proposed protocol also includes mutual authentication between the entities involved and thus provides dual security (device authentication and mutual authentication) to the proposed protocol making the system more secure and robust against attacks. Security analysis of the proposed protocol is done using the Scyther tool and the protocol is also theoretically proven to be stable under various attacks using threat analysis and the real-or-random model (ROR). The performance analysis of the protocol is done by analyzing the computation and communication cost of the proposed protocol against other state-of-the-art protocols. Further, the proposed protocol is also evaluated in the blockchain testbed which includes Raspberry PI and Arduino components. The results conveyed that the introduction of a private blockchain reduces the time incurred in the device re-authentication.","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 2","pages":"166-181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10522519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is an essential component for fully autonomous vehicles in future intelligent transportation systems, and cellular-V2X (C-V2X) is a standard that allows vehicles to communicate with its surroundings using cellular technology. Among the resource allocation modes of C-V2X, Mode 4 is a distributed scheme in which each vehicle independently selects a radio resource using the sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SB-SPS) algorithm. However, it is susceptible to resource conflicts especially with increased vehicle density or mobility, and the conflicts cannot be detected, leading to poor performance due to collisions and interference. To address this problem, this paper proposes a delivery rate estimation based probabilistic resource re-scheduling (EB-PRS) scheme. The delivery ratio is estimated using opportunistic bloom filter-based feedback on which vehicle's messages are received successfully. Based on the estimated delivery rate, EB-PRS carefully reselects resources probabilistically to maximize performance. EB-PRS is evaluated in highway and urban scenarios using WiLabV2Xsim simulator to show that it significantly improves upon the SB-SPS by reducing packet collisions.
{"title":"Probabilistic resource rescheduling for C-V2X based on delivery rate estimation","authors":"Doyeon Hyeon;Chaeyeong Lee;Heemin Kim;Sungrae Cho;Jeongyeup Paek;Ramesh Govindan","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000006","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is an essential component for fully autonomous vehicles in future intelligent transportation systems, and cellular-V2X (C-V2X) is a standard that allows vehicles to communicate with its surroundings using cellular technology. Among the resource allocation modes of C-V2X, Mode 4 is a distributed scheme in which each vehicle independently selects a radio resource using the sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SB-SPS) algorithm. However, it is susceptible to resource conflicts especially with increased vehicle density or mobility, and the conflicts cannot be detected, leading to poor performance due to collisions and interference. To address this problem, this paper proposes a delivery rate estimation based probabilistic resource re-scheduling (EB-PRS) scheme. The delivery ratio is estimated using opportunistic bloom filter-based feedback on which vehicle's messages are received successfully. Based on the estimated delivery rate, EB-PRS carefully reselects resources probabilistically to maximize performance. EB-PRS is evaluated in highway and urban scenarios using WiLabV2Xsim simulator to show that it significantly improves upon the SB-SPS by reducing packet collisions.","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 2","pages":"239-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10522524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2024.000007
Hui Zhi;Yaning Wang
Virtual network embedding (VNE) is an effective approach to solve the resource allocation problem in IoT networks. But most existing VNE methods are centralized methods, they not only impose an excessive burden on the central server but also result in significant communication overhead. Therefore, this paper proposes a distributed resource allocation method based on federated learning (DRAM-FL) to alleviate the computing and communication overhead, and improve network resource utilization. When utilizing DRAM-FL, it is essential to address the security challenges arising from the unreliable nature of IoT devices. So, we introduce blockchain into DRAM-FL, and propose a distributed resource allocation method based on blockchain and federated learning (DRAM-BFL). In DRAM-BFL, a dual-chain structure is designed to facilitate reliable information exchange among nodes, a node reliability assessment method and EPBFT-NRA consensus algorithm are proposed to improve the security of VNE. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with other methods, DRAM-BFL can increase the VN acceptance rate and long-term average revenue-to-expenditure ratio while improving system security. In addition, DRAM-BFL exhibits good scalability, and has superior throughput and delay performance in IoT with malicious nodes.
{"title":"Network resource allocation method based on blockchain and federated learning in IoT","authors":"Hui Zhi;Yaning Wang","doi":"10.23919/JCN.2024.000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCN.2024.000007","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual network embedding (VNE) is an effective approach to solve the resource allocation problem in IoT networks. But most existing VNE methods are centralized methods, they not only impose an excessive burden on the central server but also result in significant communication overhead. Therefore, this paper proposes a distributed resource allocation method based on federated learning (DRAM-FL) to alleviate the computing and communication overhead, and improve network resource utilization. When utilizing DRAM-FL, it is essential to address the security challenges arising from the unreliable nature of IoT devices. So, we introduce blockchain into DRAM-FL, and propose a distributed resource allocation method based on blockchain and federated learning (DRAM-BFL). In DRAM-BFL, a dual-chain structure is designed to facilitate reliable information exchange among nodes, a node reliability assessment method and EPBFT-NRA consensus algorithm are proposed to improve the security of VNE. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with other methods, DRAM-BFL can increase the VN acceptance rate and long-term average revenue-to-expenditure ratio while improving system security. In addition, DRAM-BFL exhibits good scalability, and has superior throughput and delay performance in IoT with malicious nodes.","PeriodicalId":54864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"26 2","pages":"225-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10522527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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