Ana Karla Araujo, M. Pola, M. A. Malaquias, Fabio Vitale, J. L. Cervera
ABSTRACT Owing to the small size and cryptic morphology, runcinids are among the most difficult marine heterobranchs to study and consequently one of the groups about which little is known. Only recently were molecular tools and phylogenetics first employed to study the systematics. The charismatic European reddish-brown species Runcina ferruginea Kress, 1977, first described from Plymouth, UK, is a paradigm of the challenges facing the taxonomy of these slugs. Due to similarities between R. ferruginea and the Croatian species R. zavodniki described by Thompson, 1980, the latter has been considered as a junior synonym. However, molecular phylogenetics revealed the occurrence of a complex of four species masked under the name R. ferruginea. Through an integrative approach, combining multi-locus (COI, 16S rRNA and histone H3) molecular phylogenetics and morpho-anatomical characters (shape and colouration of body, radula, gizzard plates and reproductive systems) based on specimens from south-western UK, and the central and western Mediterranean Sea (Spain, France, Italy and Croatia), we redescribe R. ferruginea proper and confirm R. zavodniki as a valid species. Also, two new species are described, one belonging to the genus Runcina (R. lupiaensis sp. nov.) and the other to the new genus Pseudoruncina gen. nov. (Pseudoruncina marinae gen. et sp. nov.). Our study exposes the occurrence of cryptic diversity among runcinids and stresses the need for additional work to understand the diversity of this group of minute molluscs. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611EF7D-7762-40CE-BD04-B6D9AB70F2AA.
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy reveals that not all European reddish runcinids are the same: the case of the Runcina ferruginea Kress, 1977 (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Runcinida) species-complex, with the description of a new genus","authors":"Ana Karla Araujo, M. Pola, M. A. Malaquias, Fabio Vitale, J. L. Cervera","doi":"10.1071/IS22014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Owing to the small size and cryptic morphology, runcinids are among the most difficult marine heterobranchs to study and consequently one of the groups about which little is known. Only recently were molecular tools and phylogenetics first employed to study the systematics. The charismatic European reddish-brown species Runcina ferruginea Kress, 1977, first described from Plymouth, UK, is a paradigm of the challenges facing the taxonomy of these slugs. Due to similarities between R. ferruginea and the Croatian species R. zavodniki described by Thompson, 1980, the latter has been considered as a junior synonym. However, molecular phylogenetics revealed the occurrence of a complex of four species masked under the name R. ferruginea. Through an integrative approach, combining multi-locus (COI, 16S rRNA and histone H3) molecular phylogenetics and morpho-anatomical characters (shape and colouration of body, radula, gizzard plates and reproductive systems) based on specimens from south-western UK, and the central and western Mediterranean Sea (Spain, France, Italy and Croatia), we redescribe R. ferruginea proper and confirm R. zavodniki as a valid species. Also, two new species are described, one belonging to the genus Runcina (R. lupiaensis sp. nov.) and the other to the new genus Pseudoruncina gen. nov. (Pseudoruncina marinae gen. et sp. nov.). Our study exposes the occurrence of cryptic diversity among runcinids and stresses the need for additional work to understand the diversity of this group of minute molluscs. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611EF7D-7762-40CE-BD04-B6D9AB70F2AA.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"61 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. C. Rodríguez-Flores, Charlotte A. Seid, G. Rouse, Gonzalo Giribet
ABSTRACT Munidopsid squat lobsters are among the most abundant decapods at abyssal depths and the most diverse squat lobster group in the East Pacific region. During recent cruises along the East Pacific, many deep-sea squat lobsters were collected. Among these, we described five new munidopsid species supported both by morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics: Munidopsis girguisi sp. nov., M. nautilus sp. nov., M. testuda sp. nov., M. cortesi sp. nov. and M. hendrickxi sp. nov. We also report new records of several Munidopsis species across the East Pacific that increase the species distribution ranges. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the East Pacific species in relation to other Galatheoidea using one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragment(s); we also performed single locus species delimitation analyses to explore the species status of various East Pacific munidopsid taxa. The new taxa were photographed, illustrated and imaged with micro-computed tomography. The phylogenetic results show that: (1) Janetogalathea californiensis, previously included in the family Galatheidae, nests within Munidopsidae; (2) the phylogenetic position of Phylladiorhynchus and Coralliogalathea as belonging in Galatheidae is not supported; and (3) Munidopsis is paraphyletic, agreeing with recent systematic hypotheses. Short genetic distances and species delimitation analyses suggested that a clade mostly constituted by abyssal species might include fewer species than currently considered, as species show a wider geographic range than previously considered, conforming with traditional hypotheses of cosmopolitanisms in abyssal species. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CED9EB18-7061-47A7-B2FF-7F1DAFCC7B12.
{"title":"Cosmopolitan abyssal lineages? A systematic study of East Pacific deep-sea squat lobsters (Decapoda: Galatheoidea: Munidopsidae)","authors":"P. C. Rodríguez-Flores, Charlotte A. Seid, G. Rouse, Gonzalo Giribet","doi":"10.1071/IS22030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Munidopsid squat lobsters are among the most abundant decapods at abyssal depths and the most diverse squat lobster group in the East Pacific region. During recent cruises along the East Pacific, many deep-sea squat lobsters were collected. Among these, we described five new munidopsid species supported both by morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics: Munidopsis girguisi sp. nov., M. nautilus sp. nov., M. testuda sp. nov., M. cortesi sp. nov. and M. hendrickxi sp. nov. We also report new records of several Munidopsis species across the East Pacific that increase the species distribution ranges. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the East Pacific species in relation to other Galatheoidea using one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragment(s); we also performed single locus species delimitation analyses to explore the species status of various East Pacific munidopsid taxa. The new taxa were photographed, illustrated and imaged with micro-computed tomography. The phylogenetic results show that: (1) Janetogalathea californiensis, previously included in the family Galatheidae, nests within Munidopsidae; (2) the phylogenetic position of Phylladiorhynchus and Coralliogalathea as belonging in Galatheidae is not supported; and (3) Munidopsis is paraphyletic, agreeing with recent systematic hypotheses. Short genetic distances and species delimitation analyses suggested that a clade mostly constituted by abyssal species might include fewer species than currently considered, as species show a wider geographic range than previously considered, conforming with traditional hypotheses of cosmopolitanisms in abyssal species. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CED9EB18-7061-47A7-B2FF-7F1DAFCC7B12.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"14 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43521600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genevieve L. Theron, B. Anderson, Ruth J. Cozien, A. Ellis, F. Grenier, S. Johnson, E. Newman, A. Pauw, T. van der Niet
ABSTRACT Nemestrinidae (tangle-veined flies) are important pollinators of numerous southern African plant species. Despite their known ecological importance, the family has received little taxonomic attention in recent years and the systematics of the group is poorly understood. In this study we aimed to assess the phylogenetic relationships and species diversity among three southern African nemestrinid genera from the Nemestrininae subfamily: Prosoeca, Moegistorhynchus and Stenobasipteron, with a specific focus on the largest among these, Prosoeca. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny using both mitochondrial and nuclear (COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and CAD) DNA sequence data. Both morphology and molecular species delimitation methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and the Bayesian Poisson Tree Process) were used to estimate species diversity. The topology from the combined analysis places a monophyletic Moegistorhynchus as the sister group to a paraphyletic Prosoeca with Stenobasipteron nested inside Prosoeca. In all three genera, almost half of the putative species sampled did not match the concept of described species based on morphology. Analysis of phylogenetic diversity showed that undescribed putative species make a substantial contribution to the overall phylogenetic diversity among the sampled species. Comparisons among biogeographic regions suggested that diversity is concentrated in multiple biodiversity hotspots and biomes, particularly in Fynbos and Grassland biomes. The numerous undescribed species and paraphyly of Prosoeca both emphasise the need for increased taxonomic attention for this ecologically important group of flies in particular, and for southern African insect taxa in general.
{"title":"We don’t know the half of it: morphological and molecular evidence reveal dramatic underestimation of diversity in a key pollinator group (Nemestrinidae)","authors":"Genevieve L. Theron, B. Anderson, Ruth J. Cozien, A. Ellis, F. Grenier, S. Johnson, E. Newman, A. Pauw, T. van der Niet","doi":"10.1071/IS22023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nemestrinidae (tangle-veined flies) are important pollinators of numerous southern African plant species. Despite their known ecological importance, the family has received little taxonomic attention in recent years and the systematics of the group is poorly understood. In this study we aimed to assess the phylogenetic relationships and species diversity among three southern African nemestrinid genera from the Nemestrininae subfamily: Prosoeca, Moegistorhynchus and Stenobasipteron, with a specific focus on the largest among these, Prosoeca. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny using both mitochondrial and nuclear (COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and CAD) DNA sequence data. Both morphology and molecular species delimitation methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and the Bayesian Poisson Tree Process) were used to estimate species diversity. The topology from the combined analysis places a monophyletic Moegistorhynchus as the sister group to a paraphyletic Prosoeca with Stenobasipteron nested inside Prosoeca. In all three genera, almost half of the putative species sampled did not match the concept of described species based on morphology. Analysis of phylogenetic diversity showed that undescribed putative species make a substantial contribution to the overall phylogenetic diversity among the sampled species. Comparisons among biogeographic regions suggested that diversity is concentrated in multiple biodiversity hotspots and biomes, particularly in Fynbos and Grassland biomes. The numerous undescribed species and paraphyly of Prosoeca both emphasise the need for increased taxonomic attention for this ecologically important group of flies in particular, and for southern African insect taxa in general.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42215783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerasimos Cassis, Geoff B. Monteith, Anthony Postle
ABSTRACT The discovery of a remarkable new palm bug species on Norfolk Island brings into question its systematic position within the family Thaumastocoridae, and the validity and biogeography of the three extant subfamilies. Latebracoris norfolcensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from remote Norfolk Island in the Southwest Pacific. The species was found on the native Norfolk Island palm Rhopalostylis baueri. The formal description of the species includes fine details of external non-genitalic and genitalic characters, supported with images from light and scanning electron microscopy. Details of the egg are described, including the shape and micropylar configuration. All nymphal stages are diagnosed morphologically and morphometrically, with the segregation of the five instars using the Brooks–Dyar Rule. The natural history of the Norfolk Island Palm Bug is documented, including the oviposition site of eggs, and microhabitat of nymphs and adults on palm infructescences, with hypotheses about development in relation to reproductive succession of the palm host. The systematic position of the Norfolk Island Palm Bug is assessed through a phylogenetic analysis of a selection of taxa of the superfamily Miroidea, using the parsimony criterion. The phylogenetic analyses were partitioned into Recent and fossil taxa, revealing monophyly of the Thaumastocoridae, and the subfamilies Thaumastocorinae and Xylastodorinae, with synapomorphy and significant resampling support. The Thaicorinae are verified as synonymous with the Xylastodorinae. The monotypic fossil subfamily Thaumastotinginae is removed from the Thaumastocoridae and treated as incertae familiae. Suprageneric relationships were corroborated in the two taxon partition analyses. An overview of host associations is given verifying palm specialism for the Xylastodorinae. The natural history, palm specialism, biogeography, morphology and systematics of the Xylastodorinae and allies are discussed in light of the discovery of Latebracoris norfolcensis. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40A20DE4-6489-4B67-BF2E-0B7256BA1CD1
{"title":"Hiding among the palms: the remarkable discovery of a new palm bug genus and species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae: Xylastodorinae) from remote Norfolk Island; systematics, natural history, palm specialism and biogeography","authors":"Gerasimos Cassis, Geoff B. Monteith, Anthony Postle","doi":"10.1071/is23040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/is23040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The discovery of a remarkable new palm bug species on Norfolk Island brings into question its systematic position within the family Thaumastocoridae, and the validity and biogeography of the three extant subfamilies. Latebracoris norfolcensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from remote Norfolk Island in the Southwest Pacific. The species was found on the native Norfolk Island palm Rhopalostylis baueri. The formal description of the species includes fine details of external non-genitalic and genitalic characters, supported with images from light and scanning electron microscopy. Details of the egg are described, including the shape and micropylar configuration. All nymphal stages are diagnosed morphologically and morphometrically, with the segregation of the five instars using the Brooks–Dyar Rule. The natural history of the Norfolk Island Palm Bug is documented, including the oviposition site of eggs, and microhabitat of nymphs and adults on palm infructescences, with hypotheses about development in relation to reproductive succession of the palm host. The systematic position of the Norfolk Island Palm Bug is assessed through a phylogenetic analysis of a selection of taxa of the superfamily Miroidea, using the parsimony criterion. The phylogenetic analyses were partitioned into Recent and fossil taxa, revealing monophyly of the Thaumastocoridae, and the subfamilies Thaumastocorinae and Xylastodorinae, with synapomorphy and significant resampling support. The Thaicorinae are verified as synonymous with the Xylastodorinae. The monotypic fossil subfamily Thaumastotinginae is removed from the Thaumastocoridae and treated as incertae familiae. Suprageneric relationships were corroborated in the two taxon partition analyses. An overview of host associations is given verifying palm specialism for the Xylastodorinae. The natural history, palm specialism, biogeography, morphology and systematics of the Xylastodorinae and allies are discussed in light of the discovery of Latebracoris norfolcensis. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40A20DE4-6489-4B67-BF2E-0B7256BA1CD1","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily McLaren, Omri Bronstein, Andreas Kroh, Viola Winkler, Ashley Miskelly, Brigitte Sommer, Maria Byrne
Accurate taxonomy and descriptions of species are key to understanding biodiversity. The echinoid genus Tripneustes is an ecologically and commercially important taxon that includes the tropical Tripneustes gratilla gratilla and the recently described T. kermadecensis from Australia and New Zealand. While examining the Australian Museum collections to clarify the distributions of these two species in eastern Australia we found potential senior type material for T. kermadecensis. These specimens from Sydney Harbour were originally described in 1878 as Evechinus australiae by Tenison-Woods but neither illustrated nor redescribed in any subsequent report. We undertook molecular and morphological analysis of these specimens to determine whether T. kermadecensis and E. australiae represent two distinct taxa or not. This included micro-computed tomography, quantification of test traits and molecular genetic analysis. The COI sequence and morphology of Evechinus australiae matched that of Tripneustes kermadecensis. As such, T. kermadecensis is a junior synonym of Evechinus australiae. The correct designation of this taxon is therefore Tripneustes australiae (Tenison-Woods, 1878). ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B9E685C‐9C1C‐4645‐A799‐D97969BAA033
{"title":"Hidden in plain sight: Tripneustes kermadecensis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) is a junior synonym of the eastern Australian sea urchin Evechinus australiae described in 1878","authors":"Emily McLaren, Omri Bronstein, Andreas Kroh, Viola Winkler, Ashley Miskelly, Brigitte Sommer, Maria Byrne","doi":"10.1071/is23038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/is23038","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate taxonomy and descriptions of species are key to understanding biodiversity. The echinoid genus Tripneustes is an ecologically and commercially important taxon that includes the tropical Tripneustes gratilla gratilla and the recently described T. kermadecensis from Australia and New Zealand. While examining the Australian Museum collections to clarify the distributions of these two species in eastern Australia we found potential senior type material for T. kermadecensis. These specimens from Sydney Harbour were originally described in 1878 as Evechinus australiae by Tenison-Woods but neither illustrated nor redescribed in any subsequent report. We undertook molecular and morphological analysis of these specimens to determine whether T. kermadecensis and E. australiae represent two distinct taxa or not. This included micro-computed tomography, quantification of test traits and molecular genetic analysis. The COI sequence and morphology of Evechinus australiae matched that of Tripneustes kermadecensis. As such, T. kermadecensis is a junior synonym of Evechinus australiae. The correct designation of this taxon is therefore Tripneustes australiae (Tenison-Woods, 1878). ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B9E685C‐9C1C‐4645‐A799‐D97969BAA033","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assassin snail genus Anentome is widely distributed in South East Asia. In Thailand, the genus comprises at least six species, one of which is Anentome wykoffi, a species that may act as an intermediate host of parasitic trematodes. Recent fieldwork has shown that A. wykoffi is far more common and widespread in Thailand than has been assumed, yet the taxonomy remains poorly known. Therefore, this study explores morphological and DNA sequence (COI and 28S rRNA) variation in A. wykoffi to verify and finetune the taxonomic interpretation of this species. To this end, 12 populations of A. wykoffi were sampled in Thailand. This survey allowed us to preliminarily distinguish three putatively cryptic morphotypes. Shell shape measurements and geometric morphometric analyses revealed significant differences between these morphotypes, whereas SEM observations of the shell sculpture and radula confirmed the consistent separation of the three morphotypes. Finally, a combined phylogenetic and species delimitation analysis of COI and 28S rRNA sequence data showed that the three morphotypes represent three well-supported clades, one of which is sister group to A. cambojiensis. As such, the three morphotypes as defined by (1) the presence or absence of a carinated shoulder, (2) the number of spiral lines on the spira and (3) the pattern of the central cusps on the central radular tooth, are interpreted as three different species under the morphological and phylogenetic species concepts but also likely under the biological species concept, viz. A. wykoffi (sensu stricto), A. longispira sp. nov. and A. khelangensis sp. nov. The three cryptic species are (re)described and the implications of separation are briefly discussed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B39722E6-C915-4FA4-B03B-C15836B0DCAE
{"title":"Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand","authors":"Nithinan Chomchoei, Thierry Backeljau, Piyatida Pimvichai, Ting Hui Ng, Nattawadee Nantarat","doi":"10.1071/is23019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/is23019","url":null,"abstract":"The assassin snail genus Anentome is widely distributed in South East Asia. In Thailand, the genus comprises at least six species, one of which is Anentome wykoffi, a species that may act as an intermediate host of parasitic trematodes. Recent fieldwork has shown that A. wykoffi is far more common and widespread in Thailand than has been assumed, yet the taxonomy remains poorly known. Therefore, this study explores morphological and DNA sequence (COI and 28S rRNA) variation in A. wykoffi to verify and finetune the taxonomic interpretation of this species. To this end, 12 populations of A. wykoffi were sampled in Thailand. This survey allowed us to preliminarily distinguish three putatively cryptic morphotypes. Shell shape measurements and geometric morphometric analyses revealed significant differences between these morphotypes, whereas SEM observations of the shell sculpture and radula confirmed the consistent separation of the three morphotypes. Finally, a combined phylogenetic and species delimitation analysis of COI and 28S rRNA sequence data showed that the three morphotypes represent three well-supported clades, one of which is sister group to A. cambojiensis. As such, the three morphotypes as defined by (1) the presence or absence of a carinated shoulder, (2) the number of spiral lines on the spira and (3) the pattern of the central cusps on the central radular tooth, are interpreted as three different species under the morphological and phylogenetic species concepts but also likely under the biological species concept, viz. A. wykoffi (sensu stricto), A. longispira sp. nov. and A. khelangensis sp. nov. The three cryptic species are (re)described and the implications of separation are briefly discussed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B39722E6-C915-4FA4-B03B-C15836B0DCAE","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134890985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethan P. Beaver, Michael F. Braby, Richard V. Glatz, D. Andy Young
Lycaenid butterflies of the Ogyris idmo species group are endemic to Australia and obligatorily associated with Camponotus ants. Several species are threatened with extinction, but there are considerable uncertainties with the present classification. Here, the taxonomy of the species group is revised based on molecular and morphological data. Mitochondrial sequence data were obtained from GenBank for Ogyris Angas, 1847, from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) (total of 1203bp), and a phylogeny of the genus was reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood methods. Based on these molecular data, adult morphology and other evidence, the following eight taxa are recognised in this species group: Ogyris otanes (C. & R. Felder, 1865), Ogyris arcana M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 stat. rev., Ogyris arcana arcana M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 comb. nov., Ogyris arcana sublustris M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 comb. nov., Ogyris halmaturia (Tepper, 1890), Ogyris halmaturia halmaturia (Tepper, 1890), Ogyris halmaturia waterhouseri (Bethune-Baker, 1905) stat. rev., Ogyris idmo (Hewitson, 1862), Ogyris subterrestris Field, 1999 and Ogyris petrina Field, 1999 stat. rev. The female of Ogyris halmaturia halmaturia is described for the first time. Phylogenetic relationships among the six species are as follows: (O. otanes + O. arcana) + (O. halmaturia + (O. idmo + (O. subterrestris + O. petrina))). The life history switch from phytophagy (O. otanes and O. arcana) to entomophagy (suspected myrmecophagy) within this species group has led to diversification of four species, a most unusual evolutionary pattern within the Lycaenidae globally. The taxonomic changes proposed herein affect some of the most threatened Australian butterflies and their conservation status is discussed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B9A6F558-DD47-47DF-AC9C-A71270B6EE09
{"title":"Systematic revision of the Ogyris idmo (Hewitson, 1862) species group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): implications for the conservation management of Australia’s most threatened butterflies","authors":"Ethan P. Beaver, Michael F. Braby, Richard V. Glatz, D. Andy Young","doi":"10.1071/is23032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/is23032","url":null,"abstract":"Lycaenid butterflies of the Ogyris idmo species group are endemic to Australia and obligatorily associated with Camponotus ants. Several species are threatened with extinction, but there are considerable uncertainties with the present classification. Here, the taxonomy of the species group is revised based on molecular and morphological data. Mitochondrial sequence data were obtained from GenBank for Ogyris Angas, 1847, from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) (total of 1203bp), and a phylogeny of the genus was reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood methods. Based on these molecular data, adult morphology and other evidence, the following eight taxa are recognised in this species group: Ogyris otanes (C. & R. Felder, 1865), Ogyris arcana M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 stat. rev., Ogyris arcana arcana M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 comb. nov., Ogyris arcana sublustris M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 comb. nov., Ogyris halmaturia (Tepper, 1890), Ogyris halmaturia halmaturia (Tepper, 1890), Ogyris halmaturia waterhouseri (Bethune-Baker, 1905) stat. rev., Ogyris idmo (Hewitson, 1862), Ogyris subterrestris Field, 1999 and Ogyris petrina Field, 1999 stat. rev. The female of Ogyris halmaturia halmaturia is described for the first time. Phylogenetic relationships among the six species are as follows: (O. otanes + O. arcana) + (O. halmaturia + (O. idmo + (O. subterrestris + O. petrina))). The life history switch from phytophagy (O. otanes and O. arcana) to entomophagy (suspected myrmecophagy) within this species group has led to diversification of four species, a most unusual evolutionary pattern within the Lycaenidae globally. The taxonomic changes proposed herein affect some of the most threatened Australian butterflies and their conservation status is discussed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B9A6F558-DD47-47DF-AC9C-A71270B6EE09","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Semisulcospira is a freshwater snail genus highly divergent in the ancient Lake Biwa, Japan, with a history of ~4 million years. Although the shell morphology, karyotype and molecular phylogeny of the genus have been well studied, the systematic status of several non-monophyletic species remains uncertain. In this study, we have evaluated the taxonomic accounts of the species previously identified as Semisulcospira decipiens, S. habei and relatives. We examined the genetic relationships using genome-wide SNP data and elucidated morphological variation among these using Random Forest classification. Morphological relationships between the name-bearing type of S. decipiens and the newly collected specimens were also evaluated. Morphological characteristics effectively discriminated between the nine genetic clusters, and the correlation among morphology and substrates was elucidated. We revised taxonomic accounts of S. decipiens, S. habei, S. arenicola, S. nakasekoae and S. ourensis and synonymised S. multigranosa, S. habei yamaguchi, S. dilatata under S. decipiens and S. fluvialis under S. nakasekoae. We also described two new species, Semisulcospira elongata sp. nov. and Semisulcospira cryptica sp. nov., and redefined two phylogroups of the lacustrine species as the Semisulcospira niponica-group and the Semisulcospira nakasekoae-group. Traits of the species examined exhibiting intraspecific variation in the different substrates and flow velocity may indicate the morphological and trophic adaptations. The habitat-related variation has certainly caused the taxonomic confusion of the lacustrine species. Lake drainage contributes to increasing the species diversity of the genus, generating ecological isolation between the riverine and lacustrine habitats.
{"title":"Systematic revision of the Japanese freshwater snail Semisulcospira decipiens (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae): implications for diversification in the ancient Lake Biwa","authors":"Naoto Sawada, Yusuke Fuke","doi":"10.1071/IS22042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Semisulcospira is a freshwater snail genus highly divergent in the ancient Lake Biwa, Japan, with a history of ~4 million years. Although the shell morphology, karyotype and molecular phylogeny of the genus have been well studied, the systematic status of several non-monophyletic species remains uncertain. In this study, we have evaluated the taxonomic accounts of the species previously identified as Semisulcospira decipiens, S. habei and relatives. We examined the genetic relationships using genome-wide SNP data and elucidated morphological variation among these using Random Forest classification. Morphological relationships between the name-bearing type of S. decipiens and the newly collected specimens were also evaluated. Morphological characteristics effectively discriminated between the nine genetic clusters, and the correlation among morphology and substrates was elucidated. We revised taxonomic accounts of S. decipiens, S. habei, S. arenicola, S. nakasekoae and S. ourensis and synonymised S. multigranosa, S. habei yamaguchi, S. dilatata under S. decipiens and S. fluvialis under S. nakasekoae. We also described two new species, Semisulcospira elongata sp. nov. and Semisulcospira cryptica sp. nov., and redefined two phylogroups of the lacustrine species as the Semisulcospira niponica-group and the Semisulcospira nakasekoae-group. Traits of the species examined exhibiting intraspecific variation in the different substrates and flow velocity may indicate the morphological and trophic adaptations. The habitat-related variation has certainly caused the taxonomic confusion of the lacustrine species. Lake drainage contributes to increasing the species diversity of the genus, generating ecological isolation between the riverine and lacustrine habitats.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"36 1","pages":"1139 - 1177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41635408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) consists of minute soil-dwelling species, with several genera within this clade being based solely upon males, including Yavnella Kugler. The dissociation of males and workers has resulted in taxonomic confusion for the Leptanillinae. We here describe the worker caste of Yavnella, facilitated by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference from 473 partitioned ultra-conserved element loci, this dataset including 49 other leptanilline species, both described and undescribed. Yavnella laventa sp. nov. is described from seven worker specimens collected in south-western Iran from the Milieu Souterrain Superficiel, a subterranean microhabitat consisting of air-filled cavities among rock and soil fragments, which is subject to similar environmental conditions as caves. This species has bizarrely elongated appendages, which suggests that it is confined to cavities, in contrast with the soil-dwelling behaviour observed in other leptanilline ants. Based on its gracile phenotype relative to other Leptanillinae, Y. laventa shows remarkable adaptations for subterranean life, making it one of a very few examples of this syndrome among the ants. Moreover, the discovery of the worker caste of Yavnella expands our morphological knowledge of the leptanilline ants. We provide worker- and male-based diagnoses of Yavnella, along with a key to the genera of the Leptanillinae for which workers are known. The worker caste of Yavnella as known from this species is immediately recognisable, but the possibility must be noted that described workers of Leptanilla may in fact belong to Yavnella. Further molecular sampling is required to test this hypothesis.
{"title":"A remarkable troglomorphic ant, Yavnella laventa sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae), identified as the first known worker of Yavnella Kugler by phylogenomic inference","authors":"Zachary H. Griebenow, M. Isaia, M. Moradmand","doi":"10.1071/IS22035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22035","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) consists of minute soil-dwelling species, with several genera within this clade being based solely upon males, including Yavnella Kugler. The dissociation of males and workers has resulted in taxonomic confusion for the Leptanillinae. We here describe the worker caste of Yavnella, facilitated by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference from 473 partitioned ultra-conserved element loci, this dataset including 49 other leptanilline species, both described and undescribed. Yavnella laventa sp. nov. is described from seven worker specimens collected in south-western Iran from the Milieu Souterrain Superficiel, a subterranean microhabitat consisting of air-filled cavities among rock and soil fragments, which is subject to similar environmental conditions as caves. This species has bizarrely elongated appendages, which suggests that it is confined to cavities, in contrast with the soil-dwelling behaviour observed in other leptanilline ants. Based on its gracile phenotype relative to other Leptanillinae, Y. laventa shows remarkable adaptations for subterranean life, making it one of a very few examples of this syndrome among the ants. Moreover, the discovery of the worker caste of Yavnella expands our morphological knowledge of the leptanilline ants. We provide worker- and male-based diagnoses of Yavnella, along with a key to the genera of the Leptanillinae for which workers are known. The worker caste of Yavnella as known from this species is immediately recognisable, but the possibility must be noted that described workers of Leptanilla may in fact belong to Yavnella. Further molecular sampling is required to test this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"36 1","pages":"1118 - 1138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Guidetti, I. Giovannini, Valeria Del Papa, T. Ekrem, D. Nelson, L. Rebecchi, M. Cesari
ABSTRACT The peculiar family Murrayidae, comprising the genera Murrayon, Dactylobiotus and Macroversum, contains relatively rare species living in hydrophilic and freshwater habitats on all continents, and contains two of the six exclusively freshwater tardigrade genera. This family probably represents an example of the evolution and persistence of an asexual lineage that differentiated into several taxa without sexual reproduction. Analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial genes (18S, 28S, ITS2 and cox1), and the increase of five taxa to the phylogenetic analyses of Murrayidae led us to infer that Murrayon is polyphyletic, being composed of two ‘species groups’ that also find morphological supports: the ‘dianeae group’ characterised by peculiar egg processes (rod-shaped and covered with a cuticular layer), animals with large, evident epicuticular pillars and small claws; and the ‘pullari group’ characterised by conical egg processes, animals with very small epicuticular pillars, and proportionally larger and longer claws. This latter group is a sister group to Dactylobiotus. Murrayon hastatus is the only species within the genus that has an uncertain position with eggs of the ‘dianeae group’ and animals of the ‘pullari group’. We propose the erection of Paramurrayon gen. nov. (for the ‘dianeae group’ of species), the emendation of Murrayon, and new taxonomic keys for both genera. Possible scenarios of the evolution of taxa within Murrayidae are hypothesised based on synapomorphic characters. Paramurrayon meieri sp. nov. from Norway is described with an integrative approach. Photographs of type material of Murrayon stellatus, Murrayon nocentiniae, Murrayon ovoglabellus and Macroversum mirum are shown for the first time, together with descriptions of new characters. Murrayon hibernicus is considered as nomen dubium and Murrayon hyperoncus is transferred to Macrobiotus pending further analyses.
{"title":"Phylogeny of the asexual lineage Murrayidae (Macrobiotoidea, Eutardigrada) with the description of Paramurrayon gen. nov. and Paramurrayon meieri sp. nov.","authors":"R. Guidetti, I. Giovannini, Valeria Del Papa, T. Ekrem, D. Nelson, L. Rebecchi, M. Cesari","doi":"10.1071/IS22031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The peculiar family Murrayidae, comprising the genera Murrayon, Dactylobiotus and Macroversum, contains relatively rare species living in hydrophilic and freshwater habitats on all continents, and contains two of the six exclusively freshwater tardigrade genera. This family probably represents an example of the evolution and persistence of an asexual lineage that differentiated into several taxa without sexual reproduction. Analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial genes (18S, 28S, ITS2 and cox1), and the increase of five taxa to the phylogenetic analyses of Murrayidae led us to infer that Murrayon is polyphyletic, being composed of two ‘species groups’ that also find morphological supports: the ‘dianeae group’ characterised by peculiar egg processes (rod-shaped and covered with a cuticular layer), animals with large, evident epicuticular pillars and small claws; and the ‘pullari group’ characterised by conical egg processes, animals with very small epicuticular pillars, and proportionally larger and longer claws. This latter group is a sister group to Dactylobiotus. Murrayon hastatus is the only species within the genus that has an uncertain position with eggs of the ‘dianeae group’ and animals of the ‘pullari group’. We propose the erection of Paramurrayon gen. nov. (for the ‘dianeae group’ of species), the emendation of Murrayon, and new taxonomic keys for both genera. Possible scenarios of the evolution of taxa within Murrayidae are hypothesised based on synapomorphic characters. Paramurrayon meieri sp. nov. from Norway is described with an integrative approach. Photographs of type material of Murrayon stellatus, Murrayon nocentiniae, Murrayon ovoglabellus and Macroversum mirum are shown for the first time, together with descriptions of new characters. Murrayon hibernicus is considered as nomen dubium and Murrayon hyperoncus is transferred to Macrobiotus pending further analyses.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"36 1","pages":"1099 - 1117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49212231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：