Abstract. Freshwater mussels are essential for the integrity of freshwater ecosystems but numbers of these organisms are declining rapidly at regional and global scales. The phylogenetic and biogeographic aspects of the rich unionoid fauna of the Indo-Burma region are becoming increasingly well understood. Guangxi is part of the Chinese portion of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot but regional studies of the freshwater mussel diversity are scarce. In this study, we report a new genus and species of freshwater mussel from Guangxi, China. Genetic datasets including three genes (COI, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and complete maternal mitogenomes were compiled to infer the phylogenetic history of the group. Molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species formed a monophyletic group and was closely related to Obovalis and Ptychorhynchus in the tribe Gonideini of the subfamily Gonideinae. Morphological and molecular evidence supported that these specimens represent an undescribed genus and species that we describe as Postolata guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The discovery of this new taxon adds to the known level of endemism of freshwater mussels in Guangxi and a detailed survey of uncharted areas should reveal new diversity in the future. We also suggest that complete mitogenomes or even genome-scale nuclear data should be used for phylogenetic reconstructions when proposing major taxonomic changes. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:76FC5A1D-7507-4F26-A12C-EC08AB333274
{"title":"Multilocus and mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses reveal a new genus and species of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from Guangxi, China","authors":"Yu-Ting Dai, Xiao‐Chen Huang, Chengxi Wu, Zhongming Chen, Liang Guo, Feng-yue Shu, S. Ouyang, Xiaoping Wu","doi":"10.1071/IS22048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Freshwater mussels are essential for the integrity of freshwater ecosystems but numbers of these organisms are declining rapidly at regional and global scales. The phylogenetic and biogeographic aspects of the rich unionoid fauna of the Indo-Burma region are becoming increasingly well understood. Guangxi is part of the Chinese portion of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot but regional studies of the freshwater mussel diversity are scarce. In this study, we report a new genus and species of freshwater mussel from Guangxi, China. Genetic datasets including three genes (COI, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and complete maternal mitogenomes were compiled to infer the phylogenetic history of the group. Molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species formed a monophyletic group and was closely related to Obovalis and Ptychorhynchus in the tribe Gonideini of the subfamily Gonideinae. Morphological and molecular evidence supported that these specimens represent an undescribed genus and species that we describe as Postolata guangxiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The discovery of this new taxon adds to the known level of endemism of freshwater mussels in Guangxi and a detailed survey of uncharted areas should reveal new diversity in the future. We also suggest that complete mitogenomes or even genome-scale nuclear data should be used for phylogenetic reconstructions when proposing major taxonomic changes. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:76FC5A1D-7507-4F26-A12C-EC08AB333274","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"152 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48039148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Huber, Guanliang Meng, N. Dupérré, M. Herrera, Diego J. Inclán, B. Wipfler
Abstract. Males of the South American spider genus Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893 are characterised by a dorsally ‘inflated’ prosoma or hump. Here we describe the first representatives of the genus from Ecuador. A phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequence data suggests that the new species are part of an Amazonian-West Indian clade. Whether this clade is sister to ‘true’ (northern Venezuelan) Mecolaesthus or not remains unclear. The two clades occupy different major Neotropical biogeographic regions. Our phylogenetic reanalysis of Mecolaesthus and related genera greatly expands the taxon sampling compared to previous analyses (from 9 to 46 species representing the ‘Venezuelan clade’ of genera) but remains ambiguous regarding the monophyly of Mecolaesthus. In addition, we present first micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) data of the unique prosoma ‘inflation’, showing that these ‘inflations’ are tightly packed with muscles inserted at the leg coxae, mainly of legs 2 and 3. Male (but not female) leg length is negatively correlated with body size and this is highly unusual in Pholcidae. We predict that male–male fights in Mecolaesthus rely on powerful leg movements of legs 2 and 3 rather than on using legs 1 to assess the opponent’s body size. Finally, we document structural genital asymmetry in females of three of the four new species and in M. putumayo Huber, 2000 (of which the female is newly described). This constitutes the fourth known case of structural genital asymmetry in Pholcidae. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3110BCD6-BA65-45E2-A758-71F2767BD6E4
{"title":"Humpback spiders from Ecuador: relationships, prosoma ‘inflation’ and genital asymmetry (Araneae: Pholcidae: Mecolaesthus)","authors":"B. Huber, Guanliang Meng, N. Dupérré, M. Herrera, Diego J. Inclán, B. Wipfler","doi":"10.1071/IS22052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Males of the South American spider genus Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893 are characterised by a dorsally ‘inflated’ prosoma or hump. Here we describe the first representatives of the genus from Ecuador. A phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequence data suggests that the new species are part of an Amazonian-West Indian clade. Whether this clade is sister to ‘true’ (northern Venezuelan) Mecolaesthus or not remains unclear. The two clades occupy different major Neotropical biogeographic regions. Our phylogenetic reanalysis of Mecolaesthus and related genera greatly expands the taxon sampling compared to previous analyses (from 9 to 46 species representing the ‘Venezuelan clade’ of genera) but remains ambiguous regarding the monophyly of Mecolaesthus. In addition, we present first micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) data of the unique prosoma ‘inflation’, showing that these ‘inflations’ are tightly packed with muscles inserted at the leg coxae, mainly of legs 2 and 3. Male (but not female) leg length is negatively correlated with body size and this is highly unusual in Pholcidae. We predict that male–male fights in Mecolaesthus rely on powerful leg movements of legs 2 and 3 rather than on using legs 1 to assess the opponent’s body size. Finally, we document structural genital asymmetry in females of three of the four new species and in M. putumayo Huber, 2000 (of which the female is newly described). This constitutes the fourth known case of structural genital asymmetry in Pholcidae. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3110BCD6-BA65-45E2-A758-71F2767BD6E4","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"117 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45803870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Riccieri, Emilia Capogna, J. D. Pinto, M. Bologna
Abstract. Nemognathinae is the most widespread subfamily of Meloidae, with ~600 species, and includes the only blister beetles distributed in Australia and on islands of the western Pacific. Four tribes are recognised based on morphology: Stenoderini, Palaestrini, Horiini and Nemognathini. Using two mitochondrial (16S, COI) and three nuclear markers (CAD, 28S, ITS2), and both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, this study describes the evolutionary history of Nemognathinae based on molecular data for the first time. We provided a fossil-calibrated phylogeny that unravels the phylogenetic relationships among the tribes and among most of the genera, and a reconstruction of the biogeographic history using a parametric approach. Our results recognised the four tribes that were described previously based on morphology and revealed the presence of another well-differentiated clade corresponding to the genus Zoltanzonitis. Phylogenetic relationships among the tribes are well supported, with Stenoderini as the most ancient lineage, followed by Zoltanzonitini, Palaestrini, Horiini and Nemognathini. A few long-standing genera within Nemognathini (Nemognatha, Zonitis, Stenoria) and the nominate subgenus Stenodera (Stenodera) were recovered as polyphyletic. In addition, biogeographic analyses revealed the origin of the subfamily in the Old World during the Eocene, and the associated diversification into the five tribes astride the Eocene and Oligocene between 46 and 30 Ma. Based on these results we propose the new tribe Zoltanzonitini, and the elevation of the subgenus Pronemognatha to genus level, new status. In addition, Zonitoschema breveapicalis new comb., Z. curticeps new comb. and Z. pulchella new status are proposed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:72EECC6D-36A6-4DD7-B4DB-D0692034E775.
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny, systematics and biogeography of the subfamily Nemognathinae (Coleoptera, Meloidae)","authors":"A. Riccieri, Emilia Capogna, J. D. Pinto, M. Bologna","doi":"10.1071/IS22056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nemognathinae is the most widespread subfamily of Meloidae, with ~600 species, and includes the only blister beetles distributed in Australia and on islands of the western Pacific. Four tribes are recognised based on morphology: Stenoderini, Palaestrini, Horiini and Nemognathini. Using two mitochondrial (16S, COI) and three nuclear markers (CAD, 28S, ITS2), and both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, this study describes the evolutionary history of Nemognathinae based on molecular data for the first time. We provided a fossil-calibrated phylogeny that unravels the phylogenetic relationships among the tribes and among most of the genera, and a reconstruction of the biogeographic history using a parametric approach. Our results recognised the four tribes that were described previously based on morphology and revealed the presence of another well-differentiated clade corresponding to the genus Zoltanzonitis. Phylogenetic relationships among the tribes are well supported, with Stenoderini as the most ancient lineage, followed by Zoltanzonitini, Palaestrini, Horiini and Nemognathini. A few long-standing genera within Nemognathini (Nemognatha, Zonitis, Stenoria) and the nominate subgenus Stenodera (Stenodera) were recovered as polyphyletic. In addition, biogeographic analyses revealed the origin of the subfamily in the Old World during the Eocene, and the associated diversification into the five tribes astride the Eocene and Oligocene between 46 and 30 Ma. Based on these results we propose the new tribe Zoltanzonitini, and the elevation of the subgenus Pronemognatha to genus level, new status. In addition, Zonitoschema breveapicalis new comb., Z. curticeps new comb. and Z. pulchella new status are proposed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:72EECC6D-36A6-4DD7-B4DB-D0692034E775.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"101 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43240931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuan-Kong Jiang, W. Shear, Li-ping Ye, Hui-Ming Chen, Z. Xie
ABSTRACT The millipede subfamily Pericambalinae Silvestri, 1909 is poorly understood and the taxonomic status remains controversial. Pericambalinae was regarded as either a subfamily of Cambalopsidae or an independent family. To address this issue, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis and a morphological revision, and the genera and species from China are also revised. The results support the recovery of the family status, Pericambalidae, stat. nov. The morphological differences between Bilingulus Zhang & Li, 1981 and Parabilingulus Zhang & Li, 1981 are shown to be caused by post-embryonic development (anamorphosis and non-systemic metamorphosis) and both of these should be junior synonyms of Pericambala Silvestri, 1909 (Pericambala = Bilingulus, syn. nov. = Parabilingulus, syn. nov.). Three new combinations are proposed: Pericambala simplicia (Mauriès & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1997), comb. nov., Pericambala aramula (Zhang & Li, 1981), comb. nov. and Pericambala sinica (Zhang & Li, 1981), comb. nov. The mature specimens of Pericambala simplicia, comb. nov. and Pericambala aramula, comb. nov. were collected from the type localities and are described for the first time. A new species, Pericambala cordata, sp. nov. is described. After revision, Pericambalidae contains two genera and six species with one genus and four species recorded from China. Due to a deficiency in outgroup sampling, the phylogenetic status of Pericambalidae in the suborder Cambalidea remains uncertain. Variation of the gnathochilarium in Cambalidea is discussed and a key to the species of Pericambala in China is also provided. This research lays a foundation for further revision of Cambalidea in the future. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BDA46BCE-102B-45FE-A963-47F029A09E76.
{"title":"Recovery of the family status of Pericambalidae Silvestri, 1909, stat. nov. (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidea), with a revision of the genera and species from China","authors":"Xuan-Kong Jiang, W. Shear, Li-ping Ye, Hui-Ming Chen, Z. Xie","doi":"10.1071/IS22044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The millipede subfamily Pericambalinae Silvestri, 1909 is poorly understood and the taxonomic status remains controversial. Pericambalinae was regarded as either a subfamily of Cambalopsidae or an independent family. To address this issue, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis and a morphological revision, and the genera and species from China are also revised. The results support the recovery of the family status, Pericambalidae, stat. nov. The morphological differences between Bilingulus Zhang & Li, 1981 and Parabilingulus Zhang & Li, 1981 are shown to be caused by post-embryonic development (anamorphosis and non-systemic metamorphosis) and both of these should be junior synonyms of Pericambala Silvestri, 1909 (Pericambala = Bilingulus, syn. nov. = Parabilingulus, syn. nov.). Three new combinations are proposed: Pericambala simplicia (Mauriès & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1997), comb. nov., Pericambala aramula (Zhang & Li, 1981), comb. nov. and Pericambala sinica (Zhang & Li, 1981), comb. nov. The mature specimens of Pericambala simplicia, comb. nov. and Pericambala aramula, comb. nov. were collected from the type localities and are described for the first time. A new species, Pericambala cordata, sp. nov. is described. After revision, Pericambalidae contains two genera and six species with one genus and four species recorded from China. Due to a deficiency in outgroup sampling, the phylogenetic status of Pericambalidae in the suborder Cambalidea remains uncertain. Variation of the gnathochilarium in Cambalidea is discussed and a key to the species of Pericambala in China is also provided. This research lays a foundation for further revision of Cambalidea in the future. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BDA46BCE-102B-45FE-A963-47F029A09E76.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"78 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47085421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Karla Araujo, M. Pola, M. A. Malaquias, Fabio Vitale, J. L. Cervera
ABSTRACT Owing to the small size and cryptic morphology, runcinids are among the most difficult marine heterobranchs to study and consequently one of the groups about which little is known. Only recently were molecular tools and phylogenetics first employed to study the systematics. The charismatic European reddish-brown species Runcina ferruginea Kress, 1977, first described from Plymouth, UK, is a paradigm of the challenges facing the taxonomy of these slugs. Due to similarities between R. ferruginea and the Croatian species R. zavodniki described by Thompson, 1980, the latter has been considered as a junior synonym. However, molecular phylogenetics revealed the occurrence of a complex of four species masked under the name R. ferruginea. Through an integrative approach, combining multi-locus (COI, 16S rRNA and histone H3) molecular phylogenetics and morpho-anatomical characters (shape and colouration of body, radula, gizzard plates and reproductive systems) based on specimens from south-western UK, and the central and western Mediterranean Sea (Spain, France, Italy and Croatia), we redescribe R. ferruginea proper and confirm R. zavodniki as a valid species. Also, two new species are described, one belonging to the genus Runcina (R. lupiaensis sp. nov.) and the other to the new genus Pseudoruncina gen. nov. (Pseudoruncina marinae gen. et sp. nov.). Our study exposes the occurrence of cryptic diversity among runcinids and stresses the need for additional work to understand the diversity of this group of minute molluscs. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611EF7D-7762-40CE-BD04-B6D9AB70F2AA.
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy reveals that not all European reddish runcinids are the same: the case of the Runcina ferruginea Kress, 1977 (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Runcinida) species-complex, with the description of a new genus","authors":"Ana Karla Araujo, M. Pola, M. A. Malaquias, Fabio Vitale, J. L. Cervera","doi":"10.1071/IS22014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Owing to the small size and cryptic morphology, runcinids are among the most difficult marine heterobranchs to study and consequently one of the groups about which little is known. Only recently were molecular tools and phylogenetics first employed to study the systematics. The charismatic European reddish-brown species Runcina ferruginea Kress, 1977, first described from Plymouth, UK, is a paradigm of the challenges facing the taxonomy of these slugs. Due to similarities between R. ferruginea and the Croatian species R. zavodniki described by Thompson, 1980, the latter has been considered as a junior synonym. However, molecular phylogenetics revealed the occurrence of a complex of four species masked under the name R. ferruginea. Through an integrative approach, combining multi-locus (COI, 16S rRNA and histone H3) molecular phylogenetics and morpho-anatomical characters (shape and colouration of body, radula, gizzard plates and reproductive systems) based on specimens from south-western UK, and the central and western Mediterranean Sea (Spain, France, Italy and Croatia), we redescribe R. ferruginea proper and confirm R. zavodniki as a valid species. Also, two new species are described, one belonging to the genus Runcina (R. lupiaensis sp. nov.) and the other to the new genus Pseudoruncina gen. nov. (Pseudoruncina marinae gen. et sp. nov.). Our study exposes the occurrence of cryptic diversity among runcinids and stresses the need for additional work to understand the diversity of this group of minute molluscs. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611EF7D-7762-40CE-BD04-B6D9AB70F2AA.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"61 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. C. Rodríguez-Flores, Charlotte A. Seid, G. Rouse, Gonzalo Giribet
ABSTRACT Munidopsid squat lobsters are among the most abundant decapods at abyssal depths and the most diverse squat lobster group in the East Pacific region. During recent cruises along the East Pacific, many deep-sea squat lobsters were collected. Among these, we described five new munidopsid species supported both by morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics: Munidopsis girguisi sp. nov., M. nautilus sp. nov., M. testuda sp. nov., M. cortesi sp. nov. and M. hendrickxi sp. nov. We also report new records of several Munidopsis species across the East Pacific that increase the species distribution ranges. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the East Pacific species in relation to other Galatheoidea using one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragment(s); we also performed single locus species delimitation analyses to explore the species status of various East Pacific munidopsid taxa. The new taxa were photographed, illustrated and imaged with micro-computed tomography. The phylogenetic results show that: (1) Janetogalathea californiensis, previously included in the family Galatheidae, nests within Munidopsidae; (2) the phylogenetic position of Phylladiorhynchus and Coralliogalathea as belonging in Galatheidae is not supported; and (3) Munidopsis is paraphyletic, agreeing with recent systematic hypotheses. Short genetic distances and species delimitation analyses suggested that a clade mostly constituted by abyssal species might include fewer species than currently considered, as species show a wider geographic range than previously considered, conforming with traditional hypotheses of cosmopolitanisms in abyssal species. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CED9EB18-7061-47A7-B2FF-7F1DAFCC7B12.
{"title":"Cosmopolitan abyssal lineages? A systematic study of East Pacific deep-sea squat lobsters (Decapoda: Galatheoidea: Munidopsidae)","authors":"P. C. Rodríguez-Flores, Charlotte A. Seid, G. Rouse, Gonzalo Giribet","doi":"10.1071/IS22030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Munidopsid squat lobsters are among the most abundant decapods at abyssal depths and the most diverse squat lobster group in the East Pacific region. During recent cruises along the East Pacific, many deep-sea squat lobsters were collected. Among these, we described five new munidopsid species supported both by morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics: Munidopsis girguisi sp. nov., M. nautilus sp. nov., M. testuda sp. nov., M. cortesi sp. nov. and M. hendrickxi sp. nov. We also report new records of several Munidopsis species across the East Pacific that increase the species distribution ranges. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the East Pacific species in relation to other Galatheoidea using one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragment(s); we also performed single locus species delimitation analyses to explore the species status of various East Pacific munidopsid taxa. The new taxa were photographed, illustrated and imaged with micro-computed tomography. The phylogenetic results show that: (1) Janetogalathea californiensis, previously included in the family Galatheidae, nests within Munidopsidae; (2) the phylogenetic position of Phylladiorhynchus and Coralliogalathea as belonging in Galatheidae is not supported; and (3) Munidopsis is paraphyletic, agreeing with recent systematic hypotheses. Short genetic distances and species delimitation analyses suggested that a clade mostly constituted by abyssal species might include fewer species than currently considered, as species show a wider geographic range than previously considered, conforming with traditional hypotheses of cosmopolitanisms in abyssal species. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CED9EB18-7061-47A7-B2FF-7F1DAFCC7B12.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"14 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43521600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genevieve L. Theron, B. Anderson, Ruth J. Cozien, A. Ellis, F. Grenier, S. Johnson, E. Newman, A. Pauw, T. van der Niet
ABSTRACT Nemestrinidae (tangle-veined flies) are important pollinators of numerous southern African plant species. Despite their known ecological importance, the family has received little taxonomic attention in recent years and the systematics of the group is poorly understood. In this study we aimed to assess the phylogenetic relationships and species diversity among three southern African nemestrinid genera from the Nemestrininae subfamily: Prosoeca, Moegistorhynchus and Stenobasipteron, with a specific focus on the largest among these, Prosoeca. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny using both mitochondrial and nuclear (COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and CAD) DNA sequence data. Both morphology and molecular species delimitation methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and the Bayesian Poisson Tree Process) were used to estimate species diversity. The topology from the combined analysis places a monophyletic Moegistorhynchus as the sister group to a paraphyletic Prosoeca with Stenobasipteron nested inside Prosoeca. In all three genera, almost half of the putative species sampled did not match the concept of described species based on morphology. Analysis of phylogenetic diversity showed that undescribed putative species make a substantial contribution to the overall phylogenetic diversity among the sampled species. Comparisons among biogeographic regions suggested that diversity is concentrated in multiple biodiversity hotspots and biomes, particularly in Fynbos and Grassland biomes. The numerous undescribed species and paraphyly of Prosoeca both emphasise the need for increased taxonomic attention for this ecologically important group of flies in particular, and for southern African insect taxa in general.
{"title":"We don’t know the half of it: morphological and molecular evidence reveal dramatic underestimation of diversity in a key pollinator group (Nemestrinidae)","authors":"Genevieve L. Theron, B. Anderson, Ruth J. Cozien, A. Ellis, F. Grenier, S. Johnson, E. Newman, A. Pauw, T. van der Niet","doi":"10.1071/IS22023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nemestrinidae (tangle-veined flies) are important pollinators of numerous southern African plant species. Despite their known ecological importance, the family has received little taxonomic attention in recent years and the systematics of the group is poorly understood. In this study we aimed to assess the phylogenetic relationships and species diversity among three southern African nemestrinid genera from the Nemestrininae subfamily: Prosoeca, Moegistorhynchus and Stenobasipteron, with a specific focus on the largest among these, Prosoeca. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny using both mitochondrial and nuclear (COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and CAD) DNA sequence data. Both morphology and molecular species delimitation methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and the Bayesian Poisson Tree Process) were used to estimate species diversity. The topology from the combined analysis places a monophyletic Moegistorhynchus as the sister group to a paraphyletic Prosoeca with Stenobasipteron nested inside Prosoeca. In all three genera, almost half of the putative species sampled did not match the concept of described species based on morphology. Analysis of phylogenetic diversity showed that undescribed putative species make a substantial contribution to the overall phylogenetic diversity among the sampled species. Comparisons among biogeographic regions suggested that diversity is concentrated in multiple biodiversity hotspots and biomes, particularly in Fynbos and Grassland biomes. The numerous undescribed species and paraphyly of Prosoeca both emphasise the need for increased taxonomic attention for this ecologically important group of flies in particular, and for southern African insect taxa in general.","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42215783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerasimos Cassis, Geoff B. Monteith, Anthony Postle
ABSTRACT The discovery of a remarkable new palm bug species on Norfolk Island brings into question its systematic position within the family Thaumastocoridae, and the validity and biogeography of the three extant subfamilies. Latebracoris norfolcensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from remote Norfolk Island in the Southwest Pacific. The species was found on the native Norfolk Island palm Rhopalostylis baueri. The formal description of the species includes fine details of external non-genitalic and genitalic characters, supported with images from light and scanning electron microscopy. Details of the egg are described, including the shape and micropylar configuration. All nymphal stages are diagnosed morphologically and morphometrically, with the segregation of the five instars using the Brooks–Dyar Rule. The natural history of the Norfolk Island Palm Bug is documented, including the oviposition site of eggs, and microhabitat of nymphs and adults on palm infructescences, with hypotheses about development in relation to reproductive succession of the palm host. The systematic position of the Norfolk Island Palm Bug is assessed through a phylogenetic analysis of a selection of taxa of the superfamily Miroidea, using the parsimony criterion. The phylogenetic analyses were partitioned into Recent and fossil taxa, revealing monophyly of the Thaumastocoridae, and the subfamilies Thaumastocorinae and Xylastodorinae, with synapomorphy and significant resampling support. The Thaicorinae are verified as synonymous with the Xylastodorinae. The monotypic fossil subfamily Thaumastotinginae is removed from the Thaumastocoridae and treated as incertae familiae. Suprageneric relationships were corroborated in the two taxon partition analyses. An overview of host associations is given verifying palm specialism for the Xylastodorinae. The natural history, palm specialism, biogeography, morphology and systematics of the Xylastodorinae and allies are discussed in light of the discovery of Latebracoris norfolcensis. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40A20DE4-6489-4B67-BF2E-0B7256BA1CD1
{"title":"Hiding among the palms: the remarkable discovery of a new palm bug genus and species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae: Xylastodorinae) from remote Norfolk Island; systematics, natural history, palm specialism and biogeography","authors":"Gerasimos Cassis, Geoff B. Monteith, Anthony Postle","doi":"10.1071/is23040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/is23040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The discovery of a remarkable new palm bug species on Norfolk Island brings into question its systematic position within the family Thaumastocoridae, and the validity and biogeography of the three extant subfamilies. Latebracoris norfolcensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from remote Norfolk Island in the Southwest Pacific. The species was found on the native Norfolk Island palm Rhopalostylis baueri. The formal description of the species includes fine details of external non-genitalic and genitalic characters, supported with images from light and scanning electron microscopy. Details of the egg are described, including the shape and micropylar configuration. All nymphal stages are diagnosed morphologically and morphometrically, with the segregation of the five instars using the Brooks–Dyar Rule. The natural history of the Norfolk Island Palm Bug is documented, including the oviposition site of eggs, and microhabitat of nymphs and adults on palm infructescences, with hypotheses about development in relation to reproductive succession of the palm host. The systematic position of the Norfolk Island Palm Bug is assessed through a phylogenetic analysis of a selection of taxa of the superfamily Miroidea, using the parsimony criterion. The phylogenetic analyses were partitioned into Recent and fossil taxa, revealing monophyly of the Thaumastocoridae, and the subfamilies Thaumastocorinae and Xylastodorinae, with synapomorphy and significant resampling support. The Thaicorinae are verified as synonymous with the Xylastodorinae. The monotypic fossil subfamily Thaumastotinginae is removed from the Thaumastocoridae and treated as incertae familiae. Suprageneric relationships were corroborated in the two taxon partition analyses. An overview of host associations is given verifying palm specialism for the Xylastodorinae. The natural history, palm specialism, biogeography, morphology and systematics of the Xylastodorinae and allies are discussed in light of the discovery of Latebracoris norfolcensis. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40A20DE4-6489-4B67-BF2E-0B7256BA1CD1","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily McLaren, Omri Bronstein, Andreas Kroh, Viola Winkler, Ashley Miskelly, Brigitte Sommer, Maria Byrne
Accurate taxonomy and descriptions of species are key to understanding biodiversity. The echinoid genus Tripneustes is an ecologically and commercially important taxon that includes the tropical Tripneustes gratilla gratilla and the recently described T. kermadecensis from Australia and New Zealand. While examining the Australian Museum collections to clarify the distributions of these two species in eastern Australia we found potential senior type material for T. kermadecensis. These specimens from Sydney Harbour were originally described in 1878 as Evechinus australiae by Tenison-Woods but neither illustrated nor redescribed in any subsequent report. We undertook molecular and morphological analysis of these specimens to determine whether T. kermadecensis and E. australiae represent two distinct taxa or not. This included micro-computed tomography, quantification of test traits and molecular genetic analysis. The COI sequence and morphology of Evechinus australiae matched that of Tripneustes kermadecensis. As such, T. kermadecensis is a junior synonym of Evechinus australiae. The correct designation of this taxon is therefore Tripneustes australiae (Tenison-Woods, 1878). ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B9E685C‐9C1C‐4645‐A799‐D97969BAA033
{"title":"Hidden in plain sight: Tripneustes kermadecensis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) is a junior synonym of the eastern Australian sea urchin Evechinus australiae described in 1878","authors":"Emily McLaren, Omri Bronstein, Andreas Kroh, Viola Winkler, Ashley Miskelly, Brigitte Sommer, Maria Byrne","doi":"10.1071/is23038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/is23038","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate taxonomy and descriptions of species are key to understanding biodiversity. The echinoid genus Tripneustes is an ecologically and commercially important taxon that includes the tropical Tripneustes gratilla gratilla and the recently described T. kermadecensis from Australia and New Zealand. While examining the Australian Museum collections to clarify the distributions of these two species in eastern Australia we found potential senior type material for T. kermadecensis. These specimens from Sydney Harbour were originally described in 1878 as Evechinus australiae by Tenison-Woods but neither illustrated nor redescribed in any subsequent report. We undertook molecular and morphological analysis of these specimens to determine whether T. kermadecensis and E. australiae represent two distinct taxa or not. This included micro-computed tomography, quantification of test traits and molecular genetic analysis. The COI sequence and morphology of Evechinus australiae matched that of Tripneustes kermadecensis. As such, T. kermadecensis is a junior synonym of Evechinus australiae. The correct designation of this taxon is therefore Tripneustes australiae (Tenison-Woods, 1878). ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B9E685C‐9C1C‐4645‐A799‐D97969BAA033","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assassin snail genus Anentome is widely distributed in South East Asia. In Thailand, the genus comprises at least six species, one of which is Anentome wykoffi, a species that may act as an intermediate host of parasitic trematodes. Recent fieldwork has shown that A. wykoffi is far more common and widespread in Thailand than has been assumed, yet the taxonomy remains poorly known. Therefore, this study explores morphological and DNA sequence (COI and 28S rRNA) variation in A. wykoffi to verify and finetune the taxonomic interpretation of this species. To this end, 12 populations of A. wykoffi were sampled in Thailand. This survey allowed us to preliminarily distinguish three putatively cryptic morphotypes. Shell shape measurements and geometric morphometric analyses revealed significant differences between these morphotypes, whereas SEM observations of the shell sculpture and radula confirmed the consistent separation of the three morphotypes. Finally, a combined phylogenetic and species delimitation analysis of COI and 28S rRNA sequence data showed that the three morphotypes represent three well-supported clades, one of which is sister group to A. cambojiensis. As such, the three morphotypes as defined by (1) the presence or absence of a carinated shoulder, (2) the number of spiral lines on the spira and (3) the pattern of the central cusps on the central radular tooth, are interpreted as three different species under the morphological and phylogenetic species concepts but also likely under the biological species concept, viz. A. wykoffi (sensu stricto), A. longispira sp. nov. and A. khelangensis sp. nov. The three cryptic species are (re)described and the implications of separation are briefly discussed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B39722E6-C915-4FA4-B03B-C15836B0DCAE
{"title":"Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand","authors":"Nithinan Chomchoei, Thierry Backeljau, Piyatida Pimvichai, Ting Hui Ng, Nattawadee Nantarat","doi":"10.1071/is23019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/is23019","url":null,"abstract":"The assassin snail genus Anentome is widely distributed in South East Asia. In Thailand, the genus comprises at least six species, one of which is Anentome wykoffi, a species that may act as an intermediate host of parasitic trematodes. Recent fieldwork has shown that A. wykoffi is far more common and widespread in Thailand than has been assumed, yet the taxonomy remains poorly known. Therefore, this study explores morphological and DNA sequence (COI and 28S rRNA) variation in A. wykoffi to verify and finetune the taxonomic interpretation of this species. To this end, 12 populations of A. wykoffi were sampled in Thailand. This survey allowed us to preliminarily distinguish three putatively cryptic morphotypes. Shell shape measurements and geometric morphometric analyses revealed significant differences between these morphotypes, whereas SEM observations of the shell sculpture and radula confirmed the consistent separation of the three morphotypes. Finally, a combined phylogenetic and species delimitation analysis of COI and 28S rRNA sequence data showed that the three morphotypes represent three well-supported clades, one of which is sister group to A. cambojiensis. As such, the three morphotypes as defined by (1) the presence or absence of a carinated shoulder, (2) the number of spiral lines on the spira and (3) the pattern of the central cusps on the central radular tooth, are interpreted as three different species under the morphological and phylogenetic species concepts but also likely under the biological species concept, viz. A. wykoffi (sensu stricto), A. longispira sp. nov. and A. khelangensis sp. nov. The three cryptic species are (re)described and the implications of separation are briefly discussed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B39722E6-C915-4FA4-B03B-C15836B0DCAE","PeriodicalId":54927,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Systematics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134890985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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