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Semantic Segmentation of High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images with Improved U-Net Based on Transfer Learning 基于迁移学习的改进U-Net高分辨率遥感图像语义分割
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00364-w
Hua Zhang, Zhengang Jiang, Guoxun Zheng, Xuekun Yao
Abstract Semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images has emerged as one of the foci of research in the remote sensing field, which can accurately identify objects on the ground and determine their localization. In contrast, the traditional deep learning-based semantic segmentation, on the other hand, requires a large amount of annotated data, which is unsuitable for high-resolution remote sensing tasks with limited resources. It is therefore important to build a semantic segmentation method for high-resolution remote sensing images. In this paper, it is proposed an improved U-Net model based on transfer learning to solve the semantic segmentation problem of high-resolution remote sensing images. The model is based on the symmetric encoder–decoder structure of U-Net. For the encoder, transfer learning is applied and VGG16 is used as the backbone of the feature extraction network, and in the decoder, after upsampling using bilinear interpolation, it is performed multiscale fusion with the feature maps of the corresponding layers of the encoder in turn and is finally obtained the predicted value of each pixel to achieve precise localization. To verify the efficacy of the proposed network, experiments are performed on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset. The experiments show that the applied method has achieved high-quality semantic segmentation results on the high-resolution remote sensing dataset, and the MIoU is 1.70%, 2.20%, and 2.33% higher on the training, validation, and test sets, respectively, and the IoU is 4.26%, 6.89%, and 5.44% higher for the automotive category compared to the traditional U-Net.
高分辨率遥感图像的语义分割能够准确识别地面目标并确定其定位,已成为遥感领域的研究热点之一。另一方面,传统的基于深度学习的语义分割需要大量的标注数据,不适合资源有限的高分辨率遥感任务。因此,建立高分辨率遥感图像的语义分割方法具有重要意义。针对高分辨率遥感图像的语义分割问题,提出了一种基于迁移学习的改进U-Net模型。该模型基于U-Net的对称编码器-解码器结构。编码器采用迁移学习,以VGG16作为特征提取网络的主干,解码器采用双线性插值上采样后,依次与编码器对应层的特征图进行多尺度融合,最终得到每个像素的预测值,实现精确定位。为了验证该网络的有效性,在ISPRS Vaihingen数据集上进行了实验。实验表明,该方法在高分辨率遥感数据集上取得了高质量的语义分割结果,在训练集、验证集和测试集上的MIoU分别提高了1.70%、2.20%和2.33%,在汽车类别上的IoU分别提高了4.26%、6.89%和5.44%。
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引用次数: 0
OBGESS: Automating Original Bender Gestalt Test Based on One Stage Deep Learning 基于单阶段深度学习的原始弯曲格式塔测试自动化
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00353-z
Maryam Fathi Ahmadsaraei, Azam Bastanfard, Amineh Amini
Abstract Hand sketch psychological data are mysterious and can be used to detect mental disorders early and prevent them from getting worse and with irreversible consequences. The Original Bender Gestalt Test is a psychology test based on hand-sketched patterns. Mental disorders require an automated scoring system. Unfortunately, there is no automatic scoring system for the Original Bender Gestalt test for adults and children with high accuracy. Automating the Original Bender Gestalt test requires 3 phases: Phase 1, collecting a comprehensive Original Bender Gestalt dataset called OBGET. Phase 2, classifying patterns by a proposed method called MYOLO V5; and Phase 3, scoring classified patterns according to associated rules of psychological standard criteria. This research reviews a comprehensive OBGET dataset that includes 817 samples, labeling samples for mental disorders by a psychologist, statistical analysis, the proposed semi-automatic labeling of patterns, patterns classification applied the proposed modified YOLO V5 called MYOLO V5, and automatic scoring of drawing patterns. MYOLO V5 accuracy is 95% and the accuracy of the proposed method called OBGESS as a mental disorder detection is 90%. In this research, a new automatic computer-aided psychological hand sketch drawing test has been proposed.
摘要手绘心理数据具有神秘性,可用于早期发现精神障碍,防止其恶化并造成不可逆转的后果。原始本德格式塔测试是一个基于手绘图案的心理测试。精神障碍需要一个自动评分系统。不幸的是,没有自动评分系统的原始本德格式塔测试为成人和儿童高精度。自动化原始Bender格式塔测试需要三个阶段:第一阶段,收集一个全面的原始Bender格式塔数据集,称为OBGET。第二阶段,使用MYOLO V5方法对模式进行分类;第三阶段,根据心理标准的相关规则对模式进行评分。本研究回顾了一个包含817个样本的综合OBGET数据集,由心理学家对精神障碍样本进行标记,统计分析,提出的模式半自动标记,应用改进的YOLO V5 (MYOLO V5)进行模式分类,以及绘制模式的自动评分。MYOLO V5的准确率为95%,而OBGESS作为精神障碍检测方法的准确率为90%。本研究提出了一种新的计算机辅助心理手绘测试方法。
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引用次数: 0
Revolutionizing Education: Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Precision Recommendation of Top-Quality Instructional Materials 革命性的教育:先进的机器学习技术精确推荐高质量的教学材料
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00361-z
Xiaoliang Xu
Abstract The integration of educational technology in the modern classroom has transformed the way students learn yet challenges in providing high-quality materials persist. To address this, we propose a novel support vector-based long short-term memory (LSTM) recommendation model. Our model combines support vector machines (SVM) and LSTM networks to enhance accuracy. The SVM analyzes material content, identifying key features for topic relevance. Meanwhile, the LSTM assesses word sequences to predict material relevance to the topic. We conducted experiments on a diverse instructional dataset, demonstrating superior performance in accuracy and relevance compared to existing models. Our model adapts to new data and continuously improves based on user feedback. Therefore, our Support Vector-based LSTM recommendation model can revolutionize instructional material recommendations. Its accuracy and relevance enhance student engagement and learning outcomes, optimizing the educational experience.
教育技术与现代课堂的融合改变了学生的学习方式,但在提供高质量教材方面仍然存在挑战。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种新的基于支持向量的长短期记忆推荐模型。我们的模型结合了支持向量机(SVM)和LSTM网络来提高准确率。支持向量机分析材料内容,识别主题相关性的关键特征。同时,LSTM评估词序列以预测材料与主题的相关性。我们在不同的教学数据集上进行了实验,与现有模型相比,在准确性和相关性方面表现优异。我们的模型适应新的数据,并根据用户反馈不断改进。因此,我们基于支持向量的LSTM推荐模型可以彻底改变教材推荐。它的准确性和相关性提高了学生的参与度和学习成果,优化了教育体验。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of Using Boosting-Based Machine Learning Algorithms for IoT Network Intrusion Detection 基于增强的机器学习算法在物联网网络入侵检测中的比较研究
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00355-x
Mohamed Saied, Shawkat Guirguis, Magda Madbouly
Abstract The Internet-of-Things (IoT) environment has revolutionized the quality of living standards by enabling seamless connectivity and automation. However, the widespread adoption of IoT has also brought forth significant security challenges for manufacturers and consumers alike. Detecting network intrusions in IoT networks using machine learning techniques shows promising potential. However, selecting an appropriate machine learning algorithm for intrusion detection poses a considerable challenge. Improper algorithm selection can lead to reduced detection accuracy, increased risk of network infection, and compromised network security. This article provides a comparative evaluation to six state-of-the-art boosting-based algorithms for detecting intrusions in IoT. The methodology overview involves benchmarking the performance of the selected boosting-based algorithms in multi-class classification. The evaluation includes a comprehensive classification performance analysis includes accuracy, precision, detection rate, F1 score, as well as a temporal performance analysis includes training and testing times.
物联网(IoT)环境通过实现无缝连接和自动化,彻底改变了生活质量。然而,物联网的广泛采用也给制造商和消费者带来了重大的安全挑战。利用机器学习技术检测物联网网络中的网络入侵显示出巨大的潜力。然而,为入侵检测选择合适的机器学习算法是一个相当大的挑战。算法选择不当会降低检测精度,增加网络感染风险,危及网络安全。本文对用于检测物联网入侵的六种最先进的基于增强的算法进行了比较评估。方法概述包括对多类分类中选择的基于提升的算法的性能进行基准测试。评估包括综合分类性能分析,包括准确性、精密度、检出率、F1分数,以及时间性能分析,包括训练和测试时间。
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引用次数: 1
Adversarial Distillation Adaptation Model with Sentiment Contrastive Learning for Zero-Shot Stance Detection 基于情感对比学习的零射击姿态检测对抗蒸馏自适应模型
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00359-7
Yu Zhang, Chunling Wang, Jia Wang
Abstract Zero-shot stance detection is both crucial and challenging because it demands detecting the stances of previously unseen targets in the inference stage. Learning transferable target invariant features effectively from training data is crucial for zero-shot stance detection. This paper proposes an adversarial adaptation approach for zero-shot stance detection, which applies an adversarial discriminative domain adaptation network to transfer knowledge efficiently. Specifically, the proposed model applies knowledge distillation to prevent overfitting the destination data and forgetting the learned source knowledge. Moreover, stance contrastive learning is applied to enhance the quality of feature representation for superior generalization, and sentiment information is extracted to assist with stance detection. The experimental results indicate that our model performs competitively on two benchmark datasets.
摘要零弹姿态检测是一项重要而又具有挑战性的任务,因为它需要在推理阶段检测到先前未见目标的姿态。从训练数据中有效地学习可转移目标不变特征是零射击姿态检测的关键。提出了一种针对零射击姿态检测的对抗自适应方法,该方法采用了一种对抗判别域自适应网络来有效地传递知识。具体来说,该模型采用知识蒸馏的方法来防止目标数据的过拟合和学习到的源知识的遗忘。此外,利用姿态对比学习提高特征表示的质量,实现更好的泛化,并提取情感信息辅助姿态检测。实验结果表明,我们的模型在两个基准数据集上具有竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Spark-Based Label Diffusion and Label Selection Community Detection Algorithm for Metagenome Sequence Clustering 基于spark的宏基因组序列聚类标记扩散和标记选择社区检测算法
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00348-w
Zhengjiang Wu, Xuyang Wu, Junwei Luo
Abstract It is a challenge to assemble an enormous amount of metagenome data in metagenomics. Usually, metagenome cluster sequence before assembly accelerates the whole process. In SpaRC, sequences are defined as nodes and clustered by a parallel label propagation algorithm (LPA). To address the randomness of label selection from the parallel LPA during clustering and improve the completeness of metagenome sequence clustering, Spark-based parallel label diffusion and label selection community detection algorithm is proposed in the paper to obtain more accurate clustering results. In this paper, the importance of sequence is defined based on the Jaccard similarity coefficient and its degree. The core sequence is defined as the one with the largest importance in its located community. Three strategies are formulated to reduce the randomness of label selection. Firstly, the core sequence label diffuses over its located cluster and becomes the initial label of other sequences. Those sequences that do not receive an initial label will select the sequence label with the highest importance in the neighbor sequences. Secondly, we perform improved label propagation in order of label frequency and sequence importance to reduce the randomness of label selection. Finally, a merge small communities step is added to increase the completeness of clustered clusters. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the randomness of label selection, improve the purity, completeness, and F-Measure and reduce the runtime of metagenome sequence clustering.
在宏基因组学中,如何收集海量的宏基因组数据是一个挑战。通常,宏基因组在组装前的聚类序列加快了整个过程。在SpaRC中,序列被定义为节点,并通过并行标签传播算法(LPA)聚类。为了解决并行LPA在聚类过程中标签选择的随机性,提高宏基因组序列聚类的完整性,本文提出了基于spark的并行标签扩散和标签选择社区检测算法,以获得更准确的聚类结果。本文根据Jaccard相似系数及其程度来定义序列的重要度。核心序列被定义为在其所在社区中最重要的序列。制定了三种策略来降低标签选择的随机性。首先,核心序列标签在其定位的聚类上扩散,并成为其他序列的初始标签。那些没有收到初始标签的序列将在邻居序列中选择最重要的序列标签。其次,我们按照标签频率和序列重要性的顺序进行改进的标签传播,以减少标签选择的随机性。最后,增加了合并小社区的步骤,以提高群集的完整性。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法能够有效降低标签选择的随机性,提高标记的纯度、完整性和F-Measure,缩短宏基因组序列聚类的运行时间。
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引用次数: 0
Unmanned Vehicle Fusion Positioning Technology Based on “5G + Beidou” and 3D Point Cloud Image 基于“5G +北斗”和三维点云图的无人车融合定位技术
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00352-0
Siyong Fu, Qinghua Zhao, Zhen Fan, Qiuxiang Tao, Hesheng Liu
Abstract Unmanned vehicles need to know their location and direction information accurately to plan and navigate their paths. However, the positioning system is susceptible to interference from a variety of factors, which leads to increased positioning errors, thereby affecting the accuracy of unmanned vehicle positioning. An unmanned vehicle fusion positioning technology based on the "5G + Beidou" integrated positioning system was proposed. While using the "5G + Beidou" base station for positioning, the 3D point cloud image was fused, and the high-precision real-time positioning was carried out through the vehicle's autonomous navigation algorithm. This paper first analyzed the current situation and characteristics of GNSS technology and studied the key technologies and principles of the "5G + Beidou" integrated positioning system. Then, aiming at the difficulty of 5G base station deployment, the GNSS system parameter optimization scheme based on a multidimensional fusion structure was designed. Finally, in the experiment, it was verified that the fusion system could achieve higher precision positioning results compared with traditional single-dimensional GNSS and multi-dimensional GNSS. The technical advantages of "5G + Beidou" were used for data fusion processing of unmanned vehicles, and a positioning method based on the combination of 3D point cloud image and high-precision map was proposed. Through some experiments, it was concluded that the fusion location method could control the error below 0.1, which showed the accuracy of the fusion location.
无人驾驶车辆需要准确地了解自身的位置和方向信息,以规划和导航其路径。然而,定位系统容易受到多种因素的干扰,导致定位误差增大,从而影响无人车的定位精度。提出了一种基于“5G +北斗”综合定位系统的无人车融合定位技术。在使用“5G +北斗”基站进行定位时,融合三维点云图像,通过车辆自主导航算法进行高精度实时定位。本文首先分析了GNSS技术的现状和特点,研究了“5G +北斗”组合定位系统的关键技术和原理。然后,针对5G基站部署的难点,设计了基于多维融合结构的GNSS系统参数优化方案。最后,在实验中验证了融合系统与传统的一维GNSS和多维GNSS相比,可以获得更高精度的定位结果。利用“5G +北斗”的技术优势,对无人驾驶车辆进行数据融合处理,提出了一种基于三维点云图与高精度地图相结合的定位方法。实验结果表明,融合定位方法可以将误差控制在0.1以下,显示了融合定位的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Recognition Method with Deep Contrastive Learning and Improved Transformer for 3D Human Motion Pose 基于深度对比学习和改进变形的三维人体运动姿态识别方法
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00351-1
Datian Liu, Haitao Yang, Zhang Lei
Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) human pose recognition techniques based on spatial data have gained attention. However, existing models and algorithms fail to achieve desired precision. We propose a 3D human motion pose recognition method using deep contrastive learning and an improved Transformer. The improved Transformer removes noise between human motion RGB and depth images, addressing orientation correlation in 3D models. Two-dimensional (2D) pose features are extracted from de-noised RGB images using a kernel generation module in a graph convolutional network (GCN). Depth features are extracted from de-noised depth images. The 2D pose features and depth features are fused using a regression module in the GCN to obtain 3D pose recognition results. The results demonstrate that the proposed method captures RGB and depth images, achieving high recognition accuracy and fast speed. The proposed method demonstrates good accuracy in 3D human motion pose recognition.
基于空间数据的三维人体姿态识别技术已受到广泛关注。然而,现有的模型和算法无法达到预期的精度。提出了一种基于深度对比学习和改进Transformer的三维人体运动姿态识别方法。改进的Transformer消除了人体运动RGB和深度图像之间的噪声,解决了3D模型中的方向相关性。使用图卷积网络(GCN)中的核生成模块从去噪的RGB图像中提取二维(2D)姿态特征。从去噪的深度图像中提取深度特征。利用GCN中的回归模块融合二维姿态特征和深度特征,得到三维姿态识别结果。结果表明,该方法能够捕获RGB和深度图像,识别精度高,速度快。该方法在三维人体运动姿态识别中具有良好的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Implementation of Physical Education Teaching Management System Based on Multi-agent Model 基于多智能体模型的体育教学管理系统设计与实现
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00349-9
Shaokang Xie, Jiayun Xu
Abstract The traditional physical education (PE) teaching management system is usually controlled and managed by a single center, which cannot meet the diversified and personalized teaching needs. Therefore, the research of PE teaching management system based on multi-agent mode has become an important direction. The purpose of this paper was to discuss how to improve the effect and quality of PE teaching and enhance students' learning enthusiasm and initiative through the design of multi-agent mode PE teaching management system. The PE teaching management system based on multi-agent mode provides more flexible and personalized teaching management services by utilizing the cooperation and interaction between agents, realizes the information exchange between teachers and students, provides real-time teaching feedback and evaluation, and promotes the sharing and collaboration of teaching resources. Therefore, the operating efficiency of the conventional physical education management system was the highest at 75% and the lowest at 67%, according to the experimental findings of this paper. The multi-agent model-based management system for physical education had a 95 percent maximum operating efficiency and an 88% minimum operational efficiency. The minimum difference between the two was 21%, and the maximum difference was 20%. It can be seen that the operation efficiency of the physical education management system based on the multi-agent model is more advantageous and more stable.
传统的体育教学管理系统通常由单一中心控制和管理,无法满足多样化和个性化的教学需求。因此,研究基于多主体模式的体育教学管理系统已成为一个重要的方向。本文旨在探讨如何通过设计多主体模式的体育教学管理系统,提高体育教学的效果和质量,增强学生学习的积极性和主动性。基于多主体模式的体育教学管理系统,利用主体之间的合作与互动,提供更加灵活、个性化的教学管理服务,实现师生之间的信息交流,提供实时的教学反馈与评价,促进教学资源的共享与协作。因此,根据本文的实验结果,传统体育管理系统的运行效率最高为75%,最低为67%。基于多智能体模型的体育管理系统最大运行效率为95%,最小运行效率为88%。两者之间的最小差异为21%,最大差异为20%。由此可见,基于多智能体模型的体育管理系统运行效率更有利、更稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Schweizer–Sklar Power Aggregation Operators Based on Complex Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information for Multi-attribute Decision-Making 基于复杂区间值直觉模糊信息的多属性决策Schweizer-Sklar功率聚合算子
4区 计算机科学 Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00343-1
Umme Kalsoom, Kifayat Ullah, Maria Akram, Dragan Pamucar, Tapan Senapati, Muhammad Naeem, Francesco Pilla, Sarbast Moslem
Abstract This manuscript proposes the concept of Schweizer–Sklar operational laws under the consideration of the complex interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (CIVIF) set theory, where the Schweizer–Sklar norms are the essential and valuable modification of many norms, such as algebraic, Hamacher, and Lukasiewicz norms. Moreover, keeping the dominancy of the presented laws, we derive the concept of CIVIF Schweizer–Sklar power averaging (CIVIFSSPA), CIVIF Schweizer–Sklar power ordered averaging (CIVIFSSPOA), CIVIF Schweizer–Sklar power geometric (CIVIFSSPG), and CIVIF Schweizer–Sklar power ordered geometric (CIVIFSSPOG) operators, which are the combination of the three different structures for evaluating three different problems. Further, some reliable and feasible properties and results for derived work are also invented. Additionally, we also illustrate an application, called multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) scenario for evaluating some real-world problems with the help of discovered operators for showing the reliability and stability of the evaluated operators. Finally, we compare our mentioned operators with various prevailing operators for enhancing the worth and stability of the evaluated approaches.
本文在复区间值直觉模糊(CIVIF)集合理论的基础上,提出了Schweizer-Sklar运算律的概念,其中Schweizer-Sklar范数是代数范数、Hamacher范数和Lukasiewicz范数的本质和有价值的修正。在此基础上,我们提出了civf Schweizer-Sklar幂平均算子(CIVIFSSPA)、CIVIF Schweizer-Sklar幂有序平均算子(CIVIFSSPOA)、CIVIF Schweizer-Sklar幂有序几何算子(CIVIFSSPG)和CIVIF Schweizer-Sklar幂有序几何算子(CIVIFSSPOG)的概念,它们是三种不同结构的组合,用于评估三个不同的问题。此外,还提出了一些可靠、可行的性质和结果。此外,我们还举例说明了一个应用程序,称为多属性决策(MADM)场景,用于帮助发现算子来评估一些现实问题,以显示评估算子的可靠性和稳定性。最后,我们将所提到的算子与各种常用算子进行比较,以提高所评估方法的价值和稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems
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