Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3598837
G. Pascal Zachary
{"title":"Do Individuals Matter in the Shape and Direction of Technological Change?","authors":"G. Pascal Zachary","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3598837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3598837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 3","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11163585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3602205
{"title":"IEEE Membership","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3602205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3602205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 3","pages":"55-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11163559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3589117
Neha Chugh;Jon Fuller
This article examines the authentication of social media evidence in Canadian courts, focusing on the 2021 R v Aslami decision. It discusses the challenges of applying the Canada Evidence Act (CEA) and common law to rapidly evolving digital platforms. This article explores Lisa Silver’s argument for a rigorous judicial approach, advocating for expert voir dire in cases involving social media evidence. By analyzing Aslami, this article assesses whether the court’s approach aligns with Silver’s recommendations and considers the need for an adaptable legal framework as new types of digital evidence emerge.
{"title":"A Silver Lining to Social Media Evidence","authors":"Neha Chugh;Jon Fuller","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3589117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3589117","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the authentication of social media evidence in Canadian courts, focusing on the 2021 R v Aslami decision. It discusses the challenges of applying the Canada Evidence Act (CEA) and common law to rapidly evolving digital platforms. This article explores Lisa Silver’s argument for a rigorous judicial approach, advocating for expert voir dire in cases involving social media evidence. By analyzing Aslami, this article assesses whether the court’s approach aligns with Silver’s recommendations and considers the need for an adaptable legal framework as new types of digital evidence emerge.","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 3","pages":"70-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3582667
Aditya K. Sood;Sherali Zeadally
Trusted large language models (LLMs) inherit ethical guidelines to prevent generating harmful content, whereas malicious LLMs are engineered to enable the generation of unethical and toxic responses. Both trusted and malicious LLMs use guardrails in differential contexts per the requirements of the developers and attackers, respectively. We explore the multifaceted world of guardrails implementation in LLMs by conducting an empirical analysis to assess the effectiveness of guardrails using prompts. Our results revealed that guardrails deployed in the trusted LLMs could be bypassed using prompt manipulation techniques such as “pretend” and “persist” to generate harmful content. In addition, we also discovered that malicious LLMs still deploy weak guardrails to evade detection by generating human-like content. This empirical analysis provides insights into the design of the malicious and trusted LLMs. We also propose recommendations to defend against prompt manipulation and guardrails bypass while designing LLMs.
{"title":"The Unprecedented Surge in Generative AI: Empirical Analysis of Trusted and Malicious Large Language Models (LLMs)","authors":"Aditya K. Sood;Sherali Zeadally","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3582667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3582667","url":null,"abstract":"Trusted large language models (LLMs) inherit ethical guidelines to prevent generating harmful content, whereas malicious LLMs are engineered to enable the generation of unethical and toxic responses. Both trusted and malicious LLMs use guardrails in differential contexts per the requirements of the developers and attackers, respectively. We explore the multifaceted world of guardrails implementation in LLMs by conducting an empirical analysis to assess the effectiveness of guardrails using prompts. Our results revealed that guardrails deployed in the trusted LLMs could be bypassed using prompt manipulation techniques such as “pretend” and “persist” to generate harmful content. In addition, we also discovered that malicious LLMs still deploy weak guardrails to evade detection by generating human-like content. This empirical analysis provides insights into the design of the malicious and trusted LLMs. We also propose recommendations to defend against prompt manipulation and guardrails bypass while designing LLMs.","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 3","pages":"98-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By promoting solar-powered irrigation (SPI), governments around the world are aiming to make agriculture more sustainable, reduce carbon emissions, adapt to climate change, and foster rural development. Toward that aim, much of the effort to date has been put into improving access to solar technologies through innovation in technical infrastructure and financial investments. Despite these goals, there is no concurrent investment in the optimization of energy use generated through these SPI; promoters of SPI do not know the value that farmers can potentially generate if SPI is directed to productive usage—irrigation and otherwise. Our study conducted in one of the most in-demand solar irrigation sites in Nepal’s southern plains reveals that a significant amount of energy generated from SPI is not utilized and is “spilled/wasted.” The conventional emphasis given to the technocentric approach that Nepal’s solar energy promoters currently deploy needs to be refocused in favor of prioritizing policies to allow farmers to optimize the use of energy generated through these SPI systems and avoid “spill/waste.” This shift demands a new set of innovative approaches that are both technological and social in thinking so that the energy that is currently being spilled/wasted can be utilized for more productive end uses. Market-based solutions such as farmers selling “excess” electricity back to the grid through the arrangement of net metering and the introduction of an agricultural value chain can potentially expand opportunities for farmers to improve their livelihoods and generate jobs locally.
{"title":"Transcending Technocentric Approaches and Enhancing Productive Use of Solar-Powered Irrigation System: Case Study From Kuleni Village of Nepal","authors":"Netra Chhetri;Suraj Neupane;Nalini Chhetri;Jeevan Badiya;Sanjeev Pokhrel","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3569204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3569204","url":null,"abstract":"By promoting solar-powered irrigation (SPI), governments around the world are aiming to make agriculture more sustainable, reduce carbon emissions, adapt to climate change, and foster rural development. Toward that aim, much of the effort to date has been put into improving access to solar technologies through innovation in technical infrastructure and financial investments. Despite these goals, there is no concurrent investment in the optimization of energy use generated through these SPI; promoters of SPI do not know the value that farmers can potentially generate if SPI is directed to productive usage—irrigation and otherwise. Our study conducted in one of the most in-demand solar irrigation sites in Nepal’s southern plains reveals that a significant amount of energy generated from SPI is not utilized and is “spilled/wasted.” The conventional emphasis given to the technocentric approach that Nepal’s solar energy promoters currently deploy needs to be refocused in favor of prioritizing policies to allow farmers to optimize the use of energy generated through these SPI systems and avoid “spill/waste.” This shift demands a new set of innovative approaches that are both technological and social in thinking so that the energy that is currently being spilled/wasted can be utilized for more productive end uses. Market-based solutions such as farmers selling “excess” electricity back to the grid through the arrangement of net metering and the introduction of an agricultural value chain can potentially expand opportunities for farmers to improve their livelihoods and generate jobs locally.","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 3","pages":"56-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3549209
Genevieve Smith-Nunes
This article introduces AgileDBR, a new/novel hybrid framework that integrates Agile project management with design-based research (DBR) to overcome challenges in both methodologies. Agile focuses on iterative cycles of planning, execution, and evaluation, while DBR, used in learning sciences, involves designing and testing interventions to address specific problems. The AgileDBR framework is applied in a case study within postgraduate computing education (PGCE), highlighting its advantages in transparency, scalability, and collaboration through processes, practices, and product (artefact). By aligning Agile's structured, time-bound iterations with DBR's systematic and flexible research process, AgileDBR proved particularly effective in responding to disruptions caused by COVID-19. The case study, for illustrative purposes, demonstrates AgileDBR's adaptability-supported by methodological tools like the Vision Research Canvas and Test and Learn Cards- to facilitate research pivots and enhanced documentation. The outcome of this study showcases the benefits of AgileDBR making the research process efficient, transparent, adaptable, and scalable through documented iterative collaborative project management processes, practices, and visual tools.
{"title":"AgileDBR: Blending Industry and Academic Practice","authors":"Genevieve Smith-Nunes","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3549209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3549209","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces AgileDBR, a new/novel hybrid framework that integrates Agile project management with design-based research (DBR) to overcome challenges in both methodologies. Agile focuses on iterative cycles of planning, execution, and evaluation, while DBR, used in learning sciences, involves designing and testing interventions to address specific problems. The AgileDBR framework is applied in a case study within postgraduate computing education (PGCE), highlighting its advantages in transparency, scalability, and collaboration through processes, practices, and product (artefact). By aligning Agile's structured, time-bound iterations with DBR's systematic and flexible research process, AgileDBR proved particularly effective in responding to disruptions caused by COVID-19. The case study, for illustrative purposes, demonstrates AgileDBR's adaptability-supported by methodological tools like the Vision Research Canvas and Test and Learn Cards- to facilitate research pivots and enhanced documentation. The outcome of this study showcases the benefits of AgileDBR making the research process efficient, transparent, adaptable, and scalable through documented iterative collaborative project management processes, practices, and visual tools.","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 3","pages":"80-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3562464
{"title":"ISTAS 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3562464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3562464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11018450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3561774
G. Pascal Zachary
This essay examines the proposition that the pursuit of novelty is a primary and independent causal factor in technological change. By examining the role of novelty historically, both internally within engineered artifacts and externally, in the built world that humans inhabit, the author argues that when the pursuit of novelty merges with a resurgence in previously discarded or outdated tools and processes, it can challenge and even overturn common assumptions about technological change. These assumptions—that innovation progresses in a linear fashion and newer technologies are inherently superior, more advanced, desirable, powerful, or transformative—may be disrupted, complicated, or entirely undermined by the “novelty imperative.” The hunger for novelty, whether arising from the individual or collective psyches of society, is a persistent object of fascination and study for economists and historians of technological change. This essay draws on the rich example of the revival among classical musicians of so-called “authentic instruments” over the past 50 years and, in particular, the renewed enthusiasm for the fortepiano, which was supplanted by the modern piano about 200 years ago and is today providing a means of achieving novel expressions of technologically mediated music that clearly appeals to listeners and performers. The example of the fortepiano (and early instruments generally) enriches our understanding of the appeal of novel innovations, both from the standpoint of creators of tools and their consumers and in historical and contemporary settings.
{"title":"The “Novelty Imperative” and Its Discontents","authors":"G. Pascal Zachary","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3561774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3561774","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines the proposition that the pursuit of novelty is a primary and independent causal factor in technological change. By examining the role of novelty historically, both internally within engineered artifacts and externally, in the built world that humans inhabit, the author argues that when the pursuit of novelty merges with a resurgence in previously discarded or outdated tools and processes, it can challenge and even overturn common assumptions about technological change. These assumptions—that innovation progresses in a linear fashion and newer technologies are inherently superior, more advanced, desirable, powerful, or transformative—may be disrupted, complicated, or entirely undermined by the “novelty imperative.” The hunger for novelty, whether arising from the individual or collective psyches of society, is a persistent object of fascination and study for economists and historians of technological change. This essay draws on the rich example of the revival among classical musicians of so-called “authentic instruments” over the past 50 years and, in particular, the renewed enthusiasm for the fortepiano, which was supplanted by the modern piano about 200 years ago and is today providing a means of achieving novel expressions of technologically mediated music that clearly appeals to listeners and performers. The example of the fortepiano (and early instruments generally) enriches our understanding of the appeal of novel innovations, both from the standpoint of creators of tools and their consumers and in historical and contemporary settings.","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 2","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11018499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3566131
{"title":"Update Your IEEE Profile","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3566131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3566131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 2","pages":"50-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11018452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2025.3560364
A. David Wunsch
Presents reviews for the following list of books, (The Power of One: How I Found the Strength to Tell the Truth and Why I Blew the Whistle on Facebook).
{"title":"The Power of One: How I Found the Strength to Tell the Truth and Why I Blew the Whistle on Facebook—Frances Haugen (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2023, 323 pp.)","authors":"A. David Wunsch","doi":"10.1109/MTS.2025.3560364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2025.3560364","url":null,"abstract":"Presents reviews for the following list of books, (The Power of One: How I Found the Strength to Tell the Truth and Why I Blew the Whistle on Facebook).","PeriodicalId":55016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technology and Society Magazine","volume":"44 2","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11018456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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