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Understanding the Role of Technology in Society 了解技术在社会中的作用
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3457100
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引用次数: 0
Social and Environmental Impact of a Plant Disease Analysis Method Based on Object Extraction 基于对象提取的植物病害分析方法对社会和环境的影响
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3455110
François Xavier Sikounmo;Cedric Deffo;Clémentin Tayou Djamegni
Plant leaf infections are a common threat to global production in both the long and short terms, affecting not only many farmers but also consumers around the world. Early detection and treatment of plant leaf diseases are essential to promote healthy plant growth in agriculture and ensure sufficient supply and health security for the world’s geometric (population) growth. Detection of plant leaf diseases using computer-aided technologies is widespread today. In the first part of this thesis, we describe an artificial intelligence (AI) model that enables image analysis to facilitate disease detection and then present its contribution at the societal level. We used images of maize leaves and images of apples in fields from the standard PlantVillage repository for object localization. An efficient deep learning (DL) modified mask region convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) is proposed for autonomous segmentation and detection of the object to be analyzed in this research. The proposed work exploited the features learned by the Mask R-CNN model at various processing hierarchies. We achieved improved code generation of singular images of the detected objects and an overall accuracy of 98.89% on the validation sets. In the rest of our research, we wanted to show the impact of our solution at a social level while highlighting the important aspects that characterize good development. The specificity of this approach is to present the different AI solutions used for the analysis of agricultural crops, with the aim of highlighting their benefits and their impact on human activities.
无论从长期还是短期来看,植物叶片感染都是对全球生产的一种常见威胁,不仅影响到许多农民,也影响到世界各地的消费者。植物叶片病害的早期检测和治疗对于促进农业植物的健康生长、确保世界几何(人口)增长所需的充足供应和健康安全至关重要。如今,利用计算机辅助技术检测植物叶片病害已十分普遍。在本论文的第一部分,我们介绍了一种人工智能(AI)模型,该模型可通过图像分析促进病害检测,然后介绍其在社会层面的贡献。我们使用标准 PlantVillage 资源库中的玉米叶片图像和田间苹果图像进行对象定位。本研究提出了一种高效的深度学习(DL)修正掩膜区域卷积神经网络(Mask R-CNN),用于自主分割和检测待分析对象。所提出的工作利用了掩码 R-CNN 模型在不同处理层次上学习到的特征。我们改进了检测对象奇异图像的代码生成,在验证集上的总体准确率达到 98.89%。在接下来的研究中,我们希望展示我们的解决方案在社会层面的影响,同时强调良好发展的重要方面。这种方法的特殊性在于介绍用于分析农作物的不同人工智能解决方案,目的是突出它们的优势及其对人类活动的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Harvesting Insights: Sentiment Analysis on Smart Farming YouTube Comments for User Engagement and Agricultural Innovation 收获洞察:对智能农业 YouTube 评论进行情感分析,促进用户参与和农业创新
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3455754
Abhishek Kaushik;Sargam Yadav;Shubham Sharma;Kevin McDaid
Standard farming procedures have been enhanced with the integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as sensors and wireless sensor networks (WSNs), to improve efficiency. This study delves into the observations derived from comments made on YouTube channels pertaining to the topic of smart farming. We further investigate the utilization of machine learning techniques to automate the analysis of comments. In addition, this work utilizes four feature vectorization techniques and nine machine learning models to perform sentiment analysis on a data set of comments. The support vector machine radial basis function (SVM-R) classifier, when combined with the term frequency (TF) vectorizer, gets the highest macro-F1 score of 0.6683. The explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technique, called local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIMEs), has been utilized to gain insights into the outcomes of the highest-performing model.
随着传感器和无线传感器网络(WSN)等信息和通信技术(ICTs)的集成,标准耕作程序得到了加强,从而提高了效率。本研究深入研究了从 YouTube 频道上有关智能农业主题的评论中得出的观察结果。我们进一步研究了如何利用机器学习技术自动分析评论。此外,本研究还利用四种特征向量技术和九种机器学习模型对评论数据集进行情感分析。支持向量机径向基函数(SVM-R)分类器与词频(TF)向量器相结合,获得了最高的 0.6683 宏-F1 分数。可解释的人工智能(XAI)技术,即本地可解释的模型-不可知解释(LIMEs),被用来深入了解表现最好的模型的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Intermittent Light Scheduling for Energy Cost Reduction in Vertical Farming 间歇性光照调度降低垂直种植的能源成本
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3455103
Giulia Robbiani;Eric Törn
The work discusses intermittent light scheduling for energy cost reduction in vertical farming, specifically for growing salad crops (Lactuca Sativa). The study explores how dynamically adjusting lighting schedules based on day-ahead energy prices can improve energy efficiency and reduce operational costs. The research uses a growth chamber equipped with LED lights, controlled environmental factors, and real-time data from the Nord Pool energy market to optimize energy use. The results show that intermittent lighting schedules, aligned with cheaper energy periods, lead to higher crop yields and significant energy cost savings compared to continuous lighting. The findings suggest that such adaptive lighting strategies can make vertical farming more economically viable and sustainable by optimizing resource use, aligning with global sustainability goals. The study also highlights the potential of vertical farms to act as flexible power consumers, adjusting their energy usage based on renewable energy availability.
该研究讨论了在垂直耕作中,特别是在种植沙拉作物(Lactuca Sativa)时,如何通过间歇性光照调度来降低能源成本。该研究探讨了根据日前能源价格动态调整照明计划如何提高能源效率和降低运营成本。研究利用配备 LED 灯的生长室、可控的环境因素和来自 Nord Pool 能源市场的实时数据来优化能源使用。结果表明,与连续照明相比,与能源价格较低的时段相一致的间歇性照明计划可提高作物产量,并显著节约能源成本。研究结果表明,这种自适应照明策略可以通过优化资源利用,使垂直农业更具经济可行性和可持续性,从而与全球可持续发展目标保持一致。研究还强调了垂直农场作为灵活用电者的潜力,可根据可再生能源的可用性调整能源使用。
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引用次数: 0
Smart Farming Adoption in Europe 欧洲智能农业的采用情况
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3443542
Konstantinos Kiropoulos;Stamatia Bibi
The Population of the world is now eight billion people, but it is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 due to ongoing population growth [1]. A population of this size confronts several challenges, the most significant being the requirement for expanded global food production to meet nutritional demands. Due to the inefficient use of natural resources that overburdens the ecosystem, traditional agricultural practices are thought to be unable to meet these demands [2]. We are, thus, forced to adopt more ecologically friendly agricultural methods. By lowering the need for external inputs and assisting farmers in coping with unfavorable weather, which is becoming more frequent due to climate change, smart farming technologies (SFTs) can increase crop output in a sustainable manner, enhancing its resilience and lowering carbon dioxide emissions. The United States had a $91 %$ acceptance rate for SFT as of 2020 [3], with Canada, Australia, and other European nations lagging behind as the most adopting nations. A wider use of SFT is needed to achieve the objective of feeding the world’s population sustainably, even if certain emerging nations are accelerating their adoption rates.
目前世界人口为 80 亿,但由于人口持续增长,预计到 2050 年将达到 97 亿[1]。如此规模的人口面临着若干挑战,其中最重要的是需要扩大全球粮食生产,以满足营养需求。由于自然资源的低效利用给生态系统造成了过重的负担,传统的农业生产方式被认为无法满足这些需求 [2]。因此,我们不得不采用更有利于生态的农业方法。通过降低对外部投入的需求,协助农民应对因气候变化而日益频繁的不利天气,智能农业技术(SFTs)能够以可持续的方式提高作物产量,增强作物的抗逆性,降低二氧化碳排放量。截至 2020 年,美国对智能农业技术的接受率为 91% 美元[3],而加拿大、澳大利亚和其他欧洲国家则落在后面,成为采用智能农业技术最多的国家。要实现以可持续方式养活世界人口的目标,需要更广泛地使用可持续渔业,即使某些新兴国家正在加快采用率。
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引用次数: 0
River Network Biological Monitoring With AI 利用人工智能进行河网生物监测
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3443465
Abdullah Caliskan;Joseph Walsh;Daniel Riordan
Effective Management And use of water resources are important in many respects, including sustaining life, agriculture, economic activities, ecosystem health, public health, climate regulation, energy production, cultural and recreational value, conflict, and cooperation. However, increasing population and rapid industrialization have put water resources under serious threat. Worldwide, while water resources are increasingly under threat, pollution and overexploitation areas have large effects on rivers, lakes, and groundwater. This situation is causing problems both in providing drinking water for people and in vital activities such as irrigation of agricultural areas [1].
水资源的有效管理和利用在许多方面都很重要,包括维持生命、农业、经济活动、生态系统健康、公共卫生、气候调节、能源生产、文化和娱乐价值、冲突与合作。然而,人口的增加和快速工业化使水资源受到严重威胁。在世界范围内,水资源日益受到威胁,污染和过度开发地区对河流、湖泊和地下水造成了巨大影响。这种情况给人们的饮用水供应和农业灌溉等重要活动都带来了问题[1]。
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引用次数: 0
Covert Radio Agents, 1939–1945: Signal From Behind Enemy Lines—David Hebditch (Barnsley, U.K.: Pen and Sword Military, 2021, 311 pp.) 秘密无线电特工,1939-1945 年:来自敌后的信号--David Hebditch(英国巴恩斯利:Pen and Sword Military,2021 年,311 页)。
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3401769
Eric P. Wenaas
The subject of covert radio agents operating behind enemy lines during World War II has recently taken on a life of its own. In the last five years, there have been no fewer than 16 books written on the subject. It is difficult to pinpoint the reason for the lingering popularity of this genre. Perhaps it is the mystery associated with spies, secrets, clandestine radios, and sabotage, which has been the grist of historical novels and movies for over 80 years. It may also be the fact that highly classified files and documents have been slowly released to the public over the years. Several of the recent authors cite in the prefaces of their books that they are using original information recently uncovered or unclassified.
二战期间在敌后行动的秘密无线电特工这一主题最近有了自己的生命力。在过去五年中,有关这一主题的书籍不下 16 本。很难说清这一题材持续走红的原因。也许是因为与间谍、秘密、秘密电台和破坏活动有关的神秘色彩,80 多年来,这些一直是历史小说和电影的素材。也可能是因为多年来高度机密的档案和文件慢慢向公众公开。最近的几位作者在他们的书的序言中提到,他们使用的是最近发现的或未分类的原始信息。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing the Editorial Board—Part II 介绍编辑委员会--第二部分
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3408890
Ketra Schmitt;Diana M. Bowman;Safiya U. Noble;Stephen Cranefield;A. David Wunsch;Peter Lewis
Welcome to the second installment of “Meet the Editorial Board.” We are delighted to introduce you to some more members of the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine’s editorial board. If you missed the first installment of this series, please check out the March 2024 issue of the magazine [1]. In this first piece, we talked about how our associate editors contribute to broader academic research and societal good through their work on technology and societal issues. Here we will discuss their contributions to civil society, scholarship, and service to the magazine. Academic editing seems pretty distant from pressing social concerns. However, we submit that the work of the magazine, and our parent society, the IEEE Society for the Social Implications of Technology, is vital to identifying and promoting workable solutions for our most critical social challenges. The interdisciplinary approaches that we highlight, and the interdisciplinary board that we introduce here, use a critical lens to evaluate technological and social solutions. We take a little space here to introduce you to more of the hard-working people who make this magazine work.
欢迎阅读第二期 "认识编委会"。我们很高兴向您介绍《IEEE 技术与社会》杂志编委会的更多成员。如果您错过了本系列的第一篇,请查阅 2024 年 3 月刊 [1]。在第一篇文章中,我们谈到了我们的副主编如何通过他们在技术和社会问题上的工作为更广泛的学术研究和社会公益做出贡献。在这里,我们将讨论他们对公民社会、学术研究和杂志服务的贡献。学术编辑似乎与紧迫的社会问题相距甚远。然而,我们认为,杂志和我们的母学会--IEEE 技术的社会影响学会--的工作对于确定和促进解决我们最关键的社会挑战的可行方案至关重要。我们所强调的跨学科方法以及我们在此介绍的跨学科委员会,都使用批判性的视角来评估技术和社会解决方案。在此,我们将用一点篇幅向您介绍更多的辛勤工作的人们,是他们让这本杂志得以运作。
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引用次数: 0
Rainbow Mirrors: Technology and Our Collective Moral Imagination 彩虹镜:技术与我们的集体道德想象力
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3398738
Mathew Mytka;Alja Isakovic
Recent narratives about technology and the future have been dominated by dystopian futures, limiting our collective imagination. This is not merely a product of technology itself but is deeply rooted in the bio-psycho-social dynamics of our historical context. Humans have a natural tendency to focus on problems, often exhibiting a negativity bias that is exacerbated by the relentless pace and stressors of modern life and the pervasive exposure to stress-inducing media. While Antonio Gramsci’s notion of cultural hegemony [1] illuminates how dominant societal forces can shape our perceptions and values, the prevalence of dystopian views about technology also reflects broader societal concerns. These range from genuine fears about privacy and autonomy to anxieties about technology’s role in widening social inequalities. Such dynamics do not merely reinforce fear and anxiety but also create a fertile ground for “dark mirrors”—narratives in our cultural imagination that reflect our deepest fears and foster cycles of pessimism about the role of technology in our future.
最近关于技术和未来的叙述一直以乌托邦式的未来为主,限制了我们的集体想象力。这不仅仅是技术本身的产物,而是深深植根于我们历史背景下的生物-心理-社会动力。人类有一种关注问题的自然倾向,往往表现出一种消极的偏见,而现代生活的无情节奏和压力以及无处不在的诱导压力的媒体又加剧了这种偏见。安东尼奥-葛兰西(Antonio Gramsci)的文化霸权概念[1]揭示了占主导地位的社会力量如何塑造我们的观念和价值观,而关于技术的歇斯底里观点的盛行也反映了更广泛的社会关切。这些担忧既包括对隐私和自主权的真正恐惧,也包括对技术在扩大社会不平等方面所起作用的焦虑。这种动态不仅强化了恐惧和焦虑,还为 "黑暗镜像 "创造了肥沃的土壤--我们文化想象中的叙事反映了我们内心深处的恐惧,并助长了对技术在我们未来中的作用的悲观循环。
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引用次数: 0
Charged: A History of Batteries and Lessons for a Clean Energy Future— James Morton Turner (Seattle, WA, USA: Univ. Washington Press, 2022, 256 pp.) 充电:电池的历史和对未来清洁能源的启示--詹姆斯-莫顿-特纳(美国华盛顿州西雅图:华盛顿大学出版社,2022 年,256 页)。
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2024.3367382
Eric P. Wenaas
The focus of the book Charged is on the battery, what else? James Morton Turner claims the battery is vitally important to unlocking a clean energy future. He says that his book explores the relationship between environmentalism, sustainability, and technology at a moment when such technological optimism is ascendant. Just as I believed this was going to be a “good news” book about the future of clean energy, supported by the production of lithium-ion batteries, Turner points out that skeptics believe batteries have “a dirty little secret”: “Although batteries may make it possible to scale up renewable energy sources, this transition risks trading one set of resource dependencies and environmental injustices for another.” So, just what message is Turner trying to convey?
充电》一书的重点是电池,还有什么呢?詹姆斯-莫顿-特纳声称,电池对于开启清洁能源的未来至关重要。他说,在技术乐观主义盛行的当下,他的书探讨了环保主义、可持续发展和技术之间的关系。就在我相信这将是一本关于清洁能源未来的 "好消息 "书时,特纳却指出,怀疑论者认为电池有一个 "肮脏的小秘密":"虽然电池可能使可再生能源的规模扩大成为可能,但这种过渡有可能以一种资源依赖性和环境不公正换取另一种资源依赖性和环境不公正"。那么,特纳到底想传达什么信息呢?
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引用次数: 0
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