Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10238387
S. Bader
Technological development has through time changed and improved the way measurements are being performed. Starting from entirely mechanical designs, today's measurement instruments are electronic, computerized and, in many cases, connected. This has enabled a largely automated collection of physical quantities with high resolution and reliability. The recorded data may be used as the basis for decision making or may be utilized in closed-loop process control.
{"title":"Instrumentation and Measurement Systems","authors":"S. Bader","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10238387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10238387","url":null,"abstract":"Technological development has through time changed and improved the way measurements are being performed. Starting from entirely mechanical designs, today's measurement instruments are electronic, computerized and, in many cases, connected. This has enabled a largely automated collection of physical quantities with high resolution and reliability. The recorded data may be used as the basis for decision making or may be utilized in closed-loop process control.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48228420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/mim.2023.10238374
{"title":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mim.2023.10238374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2023.10238374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135170464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10238365
L. Callegaro
Electrical engineers and technicians face today many professional challenges, but the problem of the choice of the measurement units and their conversion is not one of those. Our colleagues working in mechanics or thermal engineering have to deal with inches and metres, gallons and litres, calories, BTUs and joules. In electricity, everything is smoother: the voltage is always measured in volt, the resistance in ohm; one volt times one ohm gives one watt, and so on. No ambiguities occur, no calculations with weird conversion factors are needed.
{"title":"Fundamentals of Measurement","authors":"L. Callegaro","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10238365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10238365","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical engineers and technicians face today many professional challenges, but the problem of the choice of the measurement units and their conversion is not one of those. Our colleagues working in mechanics or thermal engineering have to deal with inches and metres, gallons and litres, calories, BTUs and joules. In electricity, everything is smoother: the voltage is always measured in volt, the resistance in ohm; one volt times one ohm gives one watt, and so on. No ambiguities occur, no calculations with weird conversion factors are needed.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45350174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10238389
S. Postolache, P.F.V. Sebastião, V. Viegas, J. Pereira, O. Postolache
Botanical gardens or public gardens are popular destinations for people seeking to enjoy the beauty and diversity of plant life and have an important role for biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity is defined as taxonomic, phylogenetic, or functional variability among living organisms and variability within and between ecosystems. A product of ecosystem functioning, the biodiversity is an element of human well-being and an environmental commodity, like clean air or water [1]. However, the visitors of botanical garden or public garden often view plants as static objects, rather than living organisms with their own needs and wellbeing. This perception can be changed by using monitoring technology to provide visitors with real-time data about the health and wellbeing of the plants in the garden.
{"title":"Empathizing with Plants in Tropical Botanical Garden Through IoT Instrumentation for Air and Soil Characteristics Monitoring","authors":"S. Postolache, P.F.V. Sebastião, V. Viegas, J. Pereira, O. Postolache","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10238389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10238389","url":null,"abstract":"Botanical gardens or public gardens are popular destinations for people seeking to enjoy the beauty and diversity of plant life and have an important role for biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity is defined as taxonomic, phylogenetic, or functional variability among living organisms and variability within and between ecosystems. A product of ecosystem functioning, the biodiversity is an element of human well-being and an environmental commodity, like clean air or water [1]. However, the visitors of botanical garden or public garden often view plants as static objects, rather than living organisms with their own needs and wellbeing. This perception can be changed by using monitoring technology to provide visitors with real-time data about the health and wellbeing of the plants in the garden.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46126890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10238361
S. Shirmohammadi
From the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers rushed to design Machine Learning (ML)-assisted diagnostic tools that could, supposedly, detect COVID-19 fast and reliably. ML seemed perfect for this job since we had access to many COVID-19 datasets, so a datadriven approach should have quickly yielded such diagnostic tools that could then be distributed to the masses. Unfortunately, the reality fell way short of the expectations. In an extensive study, Wynants and colleagues screened 126,978 relevant titles in the literature and found 412 studies describing 731 such ML-based COVID-19 diagnostic tools, but their conclusion was that “most published prediction model studies were poorly reported and at high risk of bias such that their reported predictive performances are probably optimistic” [1]. Only 29 models had low risk of bias and “should be validated before clinical implementation.” This was confirmed by another study that identified 2,212 such tools, of which 415 were included after initial screening, and 62 were systematically reviewed. The result? “Our review finds that none of the models identified are of potential clinical use due to methodological flaws and/or underlying biases” [2]. There were several problems with the proposed tools, but the one that relates to our article is summarized in the following remedial recommendation of the authors: “When reporting results, it is important to include confidence intervals to reflect the uncertainty in the estimate, especially when training models on the small sample sizes commonly seen with COVID-19 data.”
{"title":"Measurement Methodology","authors":"S. Shirmohammadi","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10238361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10238361","url":null,"abstract":"From the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers rushed to design Machine Learning (ML)-assisted diagnostic tools that could, supposedly, detect COVID-19 fast and reliably. ML seemed perfect for this job since we had access to many COVID-19 datasets, so a datadriven approach should have quickly yielded such diagnostic tools that could then be distributed to the masses. Unfortunately, the reality fell way short of the expectations. In an extensive study, Wynants and colleagues screened 126,978 relevant titles in the literature and found 412 studies describing 731 such ML-based COVID-19 diagnostic tools, but their conclusion was that “most published prediction model studies were poorly reported and at high risk of bias such that their reported predictive performances are probably optimistic” [1]. Only 29 models had low risk of bias and “should be validated before clinical implementation.” This was confirmed by another study that identified 2,212 such tools, of which 415 were included after initial screening, and 62 were systematically reviewed. The result? “Our review finds that none of the models identified are of potential clinical use due to methodological flaws and/or underlying biases” [2]. There were several problems with the proposed tools, but the one that relates to our article is summarized in the following remedial recommendation of the authors: “When reporting results, it is important to include confidence intervals to reflect the uncertainty in the estimate, especially when training models on the small sample sizes commonly seen with COVID-19 data.”","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48120990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10238388
Amin Eidi
Mass sensors based on MEMS resonators are widely used to detect and measure the amount of specific molecules. Also, electrostatic actuators are widely used to actuate resonators. The resonance frequency depends on the applied alternating voltage. Electrostatic capacitors can be used as sensing elements to record the mechanical resonance frequency. The mechanical displacement in the resonator changes the sensing element capacitance level proportional to the alternating voltage. In this work, actuators based on comb drive capacitors are optimized using high dielectric material. The proposed sensor can be fabricated in different scales, according to any application. The performance of the sensor and its quality are evaluated by finite element simulation. Also, the proposed sensor is fabricated and analyzed by experimental test to determine its mass sensitivity which is reported in the range of 0.01 ng.
{"title":"Design, Simulation and Fabrication of an Optimized Mass Sensor Based on Electromechanical Resonator for Molecules Detection and Measurement","authors":"Amin Eidi","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10238388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10238388","url":null,"abstract":"Mass sensors based on MEMS resonators are widely used to detect and measure the amount of specific molecules. Also, electrostatic actuators are widely used to actuate resonators. The resonance frequency depends on the applied alternating voltage. Electrostatic capacitors can be used as sensing elements to record the mechanical resonance frequency. The mechanical displacement in the resonator changes the sensing element capacitance level proportional to the alternating voltage. In this work, actuators based on comb drive capacitors are optimized using high dielectric material. The proposed sensor can be fabricated in different scales, according to any application. The performance of the sensor and its quality are evaluated by finite element simulation. Also, the proposed sensor is fabricated and analyzed by experimental test to determine its mass sensitivity which is reported in the range of 0.01 ng.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45622705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the ages, osteoarthritis has always been a chronic disease of huge concern because it brings great suffering to lots of people. According to the survey results of the Framingham Osteoarthritis study, the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly has been on the rise, and the incidence of women is higher than that of men [1]. The disease rate increases as age increases, with respect to the age distribution of patients. Among those over 60 years of age in the United States, the prevalence of tibiofemoral radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) and symptomatic RKOA are as high as 37.4% and 12.1%, respectively, and the latter affects more than 10% of Americans [2]. In addition, recent statistics show that this disease is rapidly spreading to younger people, and it is imperative to find the cause of arthritis and prevent it.
{"title":"A Wearable Joint Moment Real-Time Monitoring System: Joint Moment Analysis and Injury Prevention in Human Activities","authors":"Jiabo Zhao, Jiasong Wang, Weihuang Yang, Yuanbin Mu, Jiagen Cheng, Mengyi Hu, Haixia Yan, Chaoran Liu, Linxi Dong","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10238362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10238362","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the ages, osteoarthritis has always been a chronic disease of huge concern because it brings great suffering to lots of people. According to the survey results of the Framingham Osteoarthritis study, the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly has been on the rise, and the incidence of women is higher than that of men [1]. The disease rate increases as age increases, with respect to the age distribution of patients. Among those over 60 years of age in the United States, the prevalence of tibiofemoral radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) and symptomatic RKOA are as high as 37.4% and 12.1%, respectively, and the latter affects more than 10% of Americans [2]. In addition, recent statistics show that this disease is rapidly spreading to younger people, and it is imperative to find the cause of arthritis and prevent it.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45690201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10238391
Bruce Wallace, F. Knoefel, R. Goubran, H. Sveistrup, N. Thomas
Most people as they age, wish to do so with as much independence as possible, to remain in their homes and communities with the health and social services required [1]. This is known as aging-in-place, and it has many benefits for the aging adult as they remain connected to the places and people they know. With aging-in-place, older adults are more likely to be socially, cognitively and physically active. For many healthcare systems, this can also be a benefit by delaying or avoiding institutional residential care with a subsequent reduction in system demand. Aging-in-place does not come without a cost or challenges as many aging adults need the support of formal and informal caregivers. For the latter, this tends to be family members [2].
{"title":"Measurement and Applications","authors":"Bruce Wallace, F. Knoefel, R. Goubran, H. Sveistrup, N. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10238391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10238391","url":null,"abstract":"Most people as they age, wish to do so with as much independence as possible, to remain in their homes and communities with the health and social services required [1]. This is known as aging-in-place, and it has many benefits for the aging adult as they remain connected to the places and people they know. With aging-in-place, older adults are more likely to be socially, cognitively and physically active. For many healthcare systems, this can also be a benefit by delaying or avoiding institutional residential care with a subsequent reduction in system demand. Aging-in-place does not come without a cost or challenges as many aging adults need the support of formal and informal caregivers. For the latter, this tends to be family members [2].","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43030360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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