Land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes can impact hydrological conditions such as land surface coefficient, runoff, and infiltration. This study investigates the changes in LULC and its impact on water resources of the Wabi Shebele basin using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) and a separation method. Surface and groundwater parameters in the northwestern; and soil and surface parameters in the eastern highland and southern lowland parts of the basin are identified as sensitive parameters in water production. The coverage of cropland was increased by 48.63% while forest and woodland decreased by 49.14 and 14.76%, respectively, between the 1980s and 2010. Streamflow simulated during this period indicates increases in those watersheds showing significant cropland increases and forest coverage decreases particularly in Wabi at Dodola, Maribo, Robe, and Erer watersheds. Flood indices (i.e., AMAX, SMW, SMSp, and SMSu) calculated from simulated daily streamflow under different LULC map indicates an increase in the middle and northwestern watersheds up to 1.83 and 0.44%, respectively. The impact level of LULC change on flood discharge shows a comparable level with climate change impact on flood hazard particularly in the middle part of the basin.
{"title":"Land-use and land-cover change and its impact on flood hazard occurrence in Wabi Shebele River Basin of Ethiopia","authors":"Fraol Abebe Wudineh","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes can impact hydrological conditions such as land surface coefficient, runoff, and infiltration. This study investigates the changes in LULC and its impact on water resources of the Wabi Shebele basin using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) and a separation method. Surface and groundwater parameters in the northwestern; and soil and surface parameters in the eastern highland and southern lowland parts of the basin are identified as sensitive parameters in water production. The coverage of cropland was increased by 48.63% while forest and woodland decreased by 49.14 and 14.76%, respectively, between the 1980s and 2010. Streamflow simulated during this period indicates increases in those watersheds showing significant cropland increases and forest coverage decreases particularly in Wabi at Dodola, Maribo, Robe, and Erer watersheds. Flood indices (i.e., AMAX, SMW, SMSp, and SMSu) calculated from simulated daily streamflow under different LULC map indicates an increase in the middle and northwestern watersheds up to 1.83 and 0.44%, respectively. The impact level of LULC change on flood discharge shows a comparable level with climate change impact on flood hazard particularly in the middle part of the basin.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41260758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Ashikur Rahman Joy, Sharfan Upaul, K. Fatema, F. Amin
Analysing the morphometric parameters is the most expedient and parsimonious way of representing the hydrologic and physiographic attributes of river basins. The present study attempts to measure the morphometric parameters for assessing the understanding of morphological, hydrological, and physiographic properties of the south-western part of Ganges delta. Parameters were analysed from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission's (SRTM) maps and total of eight linear, six areal, eight relief, and five drainage texture parameters have taken with hypsometric analysis for the four major rivers and two tributary river basins. The values of linear parameter denote that most of the streams (82%) fall in first order, and other orders have homogeneous underline materials. The aerial parameters represent low peak discharge and the upper region is less vulnerable to flood. The relief parameter values show that the entire basin has low surface runoff and they are less erosional (slope < 3.97°). The drainage density indicates the coarser nature and circularity ratio (0.08) represents the elongated shape. The southern portion of the basin has a greater flood potential and hypsometric index (0.49) shows the entire basin is in mature stage of formation. These results would be helpful for reckoning the watersheds for drainage management and environmental planning for ecological management and sustainable development.
{"title":"Application of GIS and remote sensing in morphometric analysis of river basin at the south-western part of great Ganges delta, Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Ashikur Rahman Joy, Sharfan Upaul, K. Fatema, F. Amin","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Analysing the morphometric parameters is the most expedient and parsimonious way of representing the hydrologic and physiographic attributes of river basins. The present study attempts to measure the morphometric parameters for assessing the understanding of morphological, hydrological, and physiographic properties of the south-western part of Ganges delta. Parameters were analysed from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission's (SRTM) maps and total of eight linear, six areal, eight relief, and five drainage texture parameters have taken with hypsometric analysis for the four major rivers and two tributary river basins. The values of linear parameter denote that most of the streams (82%) fall in first order, and other orders have homogeneous underline materials. The aerial parameters represent low peak discharge and the upper region is less vulnerable to flood. The relief parameter values show that the entire basin has low surface runoff and they are less erosional (slope < 3.97°). The drainage density indicates the coarser nature and circularity ratio (0.08) represents the elongated shape. The southern portion of the basin has a greater flood potential and hypsometric index (0.49) shows the entire basin is in mature stage of formation. These results would be helpful for reckoning the watersheds for drainage management and environmental planning for ecological management and sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42081862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soheil Zehsaz, João L. M. P. de Lima, Jorge M. G. P. Isidoro, M. P. D. de Lima, Ricardo Martins
This study presents techniques based on the use of fluorescent quinine as a visual tracer for surface flows, to assess surface flow velocities in channels and streams under low luminosity conditions. Fieldwork was conducted in three open channels, with different hydraulic characteristics. A quinine solution, in both liquid and solid (ice cube) forms, was applied on the water flow surface and an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) was used to record the movement of the fluorescent quinine. The results were compared to the velocities estimated using the thermal tracer technique and flowmeter-based velocity maps. The findings show that the quinine solution, in both liquid and solid forms, can be used to estimate open-channel surface flow velocities under low luminosity conditions. While the solid form of the quinine tracer was applied in a smaller volume than the liquid tracer, its fluorescence effect persisted longer. By comparison, the liquid tracer had the advantage of continual availability and was devoid of the constraint of melting.
{"title":"Fluorescent quinine-based tracking techniques for measurement of open-channel surface flow velocities under low luminosity conditions using a UAS","authors":"Soheil Zehsaz, João L. M. P. de Lima, Jorge M. G. P. Isidoro, M. P. D. de Lima, Ricardo Martins","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study presents techniques based on the use of fluorescent quinine as a visual tracer for surface flows, to assess surface flow velocities in channels and streams under low luminosity conditions. Fieldwork was conducted in three open channels, with different hydraulic characteristics. A quinine solution, in both liquid and solid (ice cube) forms, was applied on the water flow surface and an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) was used to record the movement of the fluorescent quinine. The results were compared to the velocities estimated using the thermal tracer technique and flowmeter-based velocity maps. The findings show that the quinine solution, in both liquid and solid forms, can be used to estimate open-channel surface flow velocities under low luminosity conditions. While the solid form of the quinine tracer was applied in a smaller volume than the liquid tracer, its fluorescence effect persisted longer. By comparison, the liquid tracer had the advantage of continual availability and was devoid of the constraint of melting.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44391598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Agbotui, A. Ewusi, J. Seidu, Mark Brookman-Amissah., A. Woode, Bright Aforla
In Ghana, crystalline rock aquifers with secondary hydraulic features and preferential flow pathways serve as very important aquifers. Protecting and managing these geological porous media require identifying preferential flow pathways and hydraulic characteristics. In this study, preferential flow pathways and hydraulic parameters were characterised for two boreholes (Hilly and Valley) located in Tarkwa, Ghana via the integrated use of borehole dilution testing (BDT), slug testing, and geological mapping. The geological fieldwork mapped a relatively sparsely fractured Sandstone Unit overlying a heavily foliated and fissile Phyllite Unit. Geology influenced groundwater flow in boreholes. The BDT confirmed the geology by showing a stratified flow system with preferential flow pathways. The Hilly/recharge area borehole shows relatively low downward flow, whereas the Valley/transition area borehole is dominated by the concentrated diffuse horizontal flow. These flow patterns are in agreement with the borehole locations and their dominant geologies. The estimated hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage coefficient ranged between 5.1 × 10−4–7.7 × 10−2 m/d, 4.0 × 10−2–3.2 m2/d, and 10−7–10−5, respectively. The cheap integrated hydrogeophysical methods used in this study are applicable for characterising, protecting, and managing other crystalline aquifers in the West African sub-region and other tropical terrains.
{"title":"Delineation of preferential flow pathways in a tropical crystalline rock aquifer in Tarkwa, Ghana using integrated hydrogeophysical methods","authors":"P. Agbotui, A. Ewusi, J. Seidu, Mark Brookman-Amissah., A. Woode, Bright Aforla","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Ghana, crystalline rock aquifers with secondary hydraulic features and preferential flow pathways serve as very important aquifers. Protecting and managing these geological porous media require identifying preferential flow pathways and hydraulic characteristics. In this study, preferential flow pathways and hydraulic parameters were characterised for two boreholes (Hilly and Valley) located in Tarkwa, Ghana via the integrated use of borehole dilution testing (BDT), slug testing, and geological mapping. The geological fieldwork mapped a relatively sparsely fractured Sandstone Unit overlying a heavily foliated and fissile Phyllite Unit. Geology influenced groundwater flow in boreholes. The BDT confirmed the geology by showing a stratified flow system with preferential flow pathways. The Hilly/recharge area borehole shows relatively low downward flow, whereas the Valley/transition area borehole is dominated by the concentrated diffuse horizontal flow. These flow patterns are in agreement with the borehole locations and their dominant geologies. The estimated hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage coefficient ranged between 5.1 × 10−4–7.7 × 10−2 m/d, 4.0 × 10−2–3.2 m2/d, and 10−7–10−5, respectively. The cheap integrated hydrogeophysical methods used in this study are applicable for characterising, protecting, and managing other crystalline aquifers in the West African sub-region and other tropical terrains.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46449045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. R. Ávila-Carrasco, M. A. Hernández-Hernández, G. Herrera, G. Hernández-García
Collection, processing, and analysis of GIS and satellite data were performed in this work to estimate temporal groundwater recharge changes, which are needed as input in numerical groundwater-flow models. Layers of geological alignments, land use, drainage network, lithology, topography, and precipitation were collected. This information was spatialized, and then layer importance was calculated using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on infiltration capacity to define potential recharge (PR) regions. A water budget equation was used to calculate PR volumes. The analysis was done every 5 years from 1970 to 2019, considering average urban area changes. For all study periods, an increase in urban area was calculated from 16 to 28% of the total study area, while potential recharge decreased from 23 to 19% of the mean precipitation values for each 5-year period. The most significant urban expansion was from 1980 to 1994 and 2010 to 2019, which match periods of potential recharge decrease. However, a slight increase in PR from 2000 to 2009, unrelated to urban area change, may be due to temperature variations. The results account for the spatial and temporal dynamics of the recharge in the study area and can be used as input data to calibrate the actual recharge in a groundwater numerical model.
{"title":"Urbanization effects on the groundwater potential recharge of the aquifers in the Southern part of the Basin of Mexico","authors":"J. R. Ávila-Carrasco, M. A. Hernández-Hernández, G. Herrera, G. Hernández-García","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Collection, processing, and analysis of GIS and satellite data were performed in this work to estimate temporal groundwater recharge changes, which are needed as input in numerical groundwater-flow models. Layers of geological alignments, land use, drainage network, lithology, topography, and precipitation were collected. This information was spatialized, and then layer importance was calculated using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on infiltration capacity to define potential recharge (PR) regions. A water budget equation was used to calculate PR volumes. The analysis was done every 5 years from 1970 to 2019, considering average urban area changes. For all study periods, an increase in urban area was calculated from 16 to 28% of the total study area, while potential recharge decreased from 23 to 19% of the mean precipitation values for each 5-year period. The most significant urban expansion was from 1980 to 1994 and 2010 to 2019, which match periods of potential recharge decrease. However, a slight increase in PR from 2000 to 2009, unrelated to urban area change, may be due to temperature variations. The results account for the spatial and temporal dynamics of the recharge in the study area and can be used as input data to calibrate the actual recharge in a groundwater numerical model.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrological simulation in karst areas is of great importance and challenge. It is a practical way to enhance the performance of existing hydrological models in karst areas by coupling karst modules that represent hydrological processes in these areas. The near-surface critical zone structure affects runoff generation in karst areas significantly and its complex hydrological processes could be simplified with threshold behaviors. This study proposed a three-thresholds-based karst runoff generation module (3T-KRGM), which used three reservoirs to represent water storage in the soil zone, soil–epikarst interface, and epikarst zone. The 3T-KRGM is coupled with Xinanjiang (XAJ) model to extend the applicability of the model to karst areas. Both the improved XAJ model and the original XAJ model were used in the Shibantang watershed, which is a typical karst watershed located in southwest China. The results indicate that the performance of daily discharge simulations was obviously improved by introducing the 3T-KRGM. In addition, both the parameter sensitivity analysis and baseflow simulation demonstrate that the 3T-KRGM is rational in structure. The 3T-KRGM could also be easily coupled into other hydrological models, thus benefiting the hydrological simulation in karst areas.
{"title":"A karst runoff generation module based on the near-surface critical zone structure and threshold behaviors","authors":"JianFei Zhao, Guofang Li, Yanan Duan, Yiming Hu, Binquan Li, Zhongmin Liang","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.135","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrological simulation in karst areas is of great importance and challenge. It is a practical way to enhance the performance of existing hydrological models in karst areas by coupling karst modules that represent hydrological processes in these areas. The near-surface critical zone structure affects runoff generation in karst areas significantly and its complex hydrological processes could be simplified with threshold behaviors. This study proposed a three-thresholds-based karst runoff generation module (3T-KRGM), which used three reservoirs to represent water storage in the soil zone, soil–epikarst interface, and epikarst zone. The 3T-KRGM is coupled with Xinanjiang (XAJ) model to extend the applicability of the model to karst areas. Both the improved XAJ model and the original XAJ model were used in the Shibantang watershed, which is a typical karst watershed located in southwest China. The results indicate that the performance of daily discharge simulations was obviously improved by introducing the 3T-KRGM. In addition, both the parameter sensitivity analysis and baseflow simulation demonstrate that the 3T-KRGM is rational in structure. The 3T-KRGM could also be easily coupled into other hydrological models, thus benefiting the hydrological simulation in karst areas.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
River ice-jams can create severe flooding along many rivers in cold regions. While ice-jams often form during the spring breakup, the mid-winter breakup can cause ice-jamming and flooding. Although many studies have already been focused on forecasting spring ice-jam flooding, studies related to forecasting mid-winter breakup jamming and flooding severity are sparse. The main purpose of this research is to develop a stochastic framework to forecast the severity of mid-winter ice-jam flooding along the transborder (New Brunswick/Maine) Saint John River of North America. A combination of hydrological (MESH) and hydraulic model (RIVICE) simulations was applied to develop the stochastic framework. A mid-winter breakup along the river that occurred in 2018 has been hindcasted as a case study. The result shows that the modelling framework can capture the real-time ice-jam severity. The results of this research will help to improve the capacity of ice-jam flood management in cold regions.
{"title":"Development of an ice-jam flood forecasting modelling framework for freeze-up/winter breakup","authors":"A. Das, S. Budhathoki, K. Lindenschmidt","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 River ice-jams can create severe flooding along many rivers in cold regions. While ice-jams often form during the spring breakup, the mid-winter breakup can cause ice-jamming and flooding. Although many studies have already been focused on forecasting spring ice-jam flooding, studies related to forecasting mid-winter breakup jamming and flooding severity are sparse. The main purpose of this research is to develop a stochastic framework to forecast the severity of mid-winter ice-jam flooding along the transborder (New Brunswick/Maine) Saint John River of North America. A combination of hydrological (MESH) and hydraulic model (RIVICE) simulations was applied to develop the stochastic framework. A mid-winter breakup along the river that occurred in 2018 has been hindcasted as a case study. The result shows that the modelling framework can capture the real-time ice-jam severity. The results of this research will help to improve the capacity of ice-jam flood management in cold regions.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42194987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan Wu, Donglai Jiao, Xiaoli Yang, Zhouyu Cui, Hanshuo Zhang, Yuhang Wang
Global climate models (GCMs) are state-of-the-art tools for understanding climate change and predicting the future. However, little research has been reported on the latest NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 product in China. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the simulated performance and drought capture utility of the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 over China. First, the simulation skills of the 16 GCMs in NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 were evaluated by the ‘DISO’ (Distance between Indices of Simulation and Observation), a big data evaluation method. Second, the DISO framework for drought identification was constructed by coupling the correlation coefficient (CC), false alarm rate (FAR) and probability of detection (POD). Then, it was combined with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) to evaluate the drought detection capability of NEX-GDDP-CMIP6. The result shows that (1) NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 can reproduce the spatial distribution pattern of historical precipitation and temperature, which performs well in simulating warming trends but fails to capture precipitation's fluctuation characteristics; (2) The best-performing model in precipitation is ACCESS-CM2 (DISO 1.630) and in temperature is CESM2 (DISO 3.246); (3) The multi-mode ensembles (16MME) perform better than the best single model, indicating that a multi-model ensemble can effectively reduce the uncertainty inherent in models. (4) The SPEI calculated by 16MME identifies drought well in arid, while the SPI is recommended for other climate classifications in China.
{"title":"Evaluation of NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 in simulation performance and drought capture utility over China – based on DISO","authors":"Fan Wu, Donglai Jiao, Xiaoli Yang, Zhouyu Cui, Hanshuo Zhang, Yuhang Wang","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Global climate models (GCMs) are state-of-the-art tools for understanding climate change and predicting the future. However, little research has been reported on the latest NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 product in China. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the simulated performance and drought capture utility of the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 over China. First, the simulation skills of the 16 GCMs in NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 were evaluated by the ‘DISO’ (Distance between Indices of Simulation and Observation), a big data evaluation method. Second, the DISO framework for drought identification was constructed by coupling the correlation coefficient (CC), false alarm rate (FAR) and probability of detection (POD). Then, it was combined with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) to evaluate the drought detection capability of NEX-GDDP-CMIP6. The result shows that (1) NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 can reproduce the spatial distribution pattern of historical precipitation and temperature, which performs well in simulating warming trends but fails to capture precipitation's fluctuation characteristics; (2) The best-performing model in precipitation is ACCESS-CM2 (DISO 1.630) and in temperature is CESM2 (DISO 3.246); (3) The multi-mode ensembles (16MME) perform better than the best single model, indicating that a multi-model ensemble can effectively reduce the uncertainty inherent in models. (4) The SPEI calculated by 16MME identifies drought well in arid, while the SPI is recommended for other climate classifications in China.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42469295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Characteristics of rainfall are changing due to several reasons and change/trend detection is required. The literature survey reveals many relevant studies whose outcomes are divergent. A possible reason is that different data series have been used and different methodologies have been applied. This paper presents a critical appraisal of past studies and methodologies for trend analysis. Results of trend analysis of Indian rainfall data are presented. Data for all of India and for five homogenous regions (North-West, Central North-East, North-East, West Central, and Peninsular India) for 1871–2016 were used. The Pettitt change point test, regression, Mann–Kendall (MK), and Wavelet Decomposition were used to study different aspects of changes. Results of the change point test showed that most rainfall series had change points around 1957–65, possibly due to large-scale land use, cultivation, irrigation, and industrial changes in this period. Generally, rainfall for most homogenous regions and sub-divisions show falling trends; some are statistically significant. Series was also decomposed by the wavelet method. Approximate and detailed components of some decomposed series showed a significant declining trend. This work has focused on the magnitude of rainfalls; trends in rainfall intensities are also important. It is necessary to establish denser observation networks to collect short-term data and analyze.
{"title":"Change analysis of All India and regional rainfall data series at annual and monsoon scales","authors":"S. Jain, Chong-yu Xu, Yanlai Zhou","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Characteristics of rainfall are changing due to several reasons and change/trend detection is required. The literature survey reveals many relevant studies whose outcomes are divergent. A possible reason is that different data series have been used and different methodologies have been applied. This paper presents a critical appraisal of past studies and methodologies for trend analysis. Results of trend analysis of Indian rainfall data are presented. Data for all of India and for five homogenous regions (North-West, Central North-East, North-East, West Central, and Peninsular India) for 1871–2016 were used. The Pettitt change point test, regression, Mann–Kendall (MK), and Wavelet Decomposition were used to study different aspects of changes. Results of the change point test showed that most rainfall series had change points around 1957–65, possibly due to large-scale land use, cultivation, irrigation, and industrial changes in this period. Generally, rainfall for most homogenous regions and sub-divisions show falling trends; some are statistically significant. Series was also decomposed by the wavelet method. Approximate and detailed components of some decomposed series showed a significant declining trend. This work has focused on the magnitude of rainfalls; trends in rainfall intensities are also important. It is necessary to establish denser observation networks to collect short-term data and analyze.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43502010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Zakir, M. Kahlown, J. Punthakey, G. Shabir, M. Aziz, Muhammad Sultan, Hadeed Ashraf, Qurrat ul ain Nawaz, Faiz F. Majeed
Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) in Pakistan is the backbone of agriculture in the country. The IBIS provides irrigation support to agricultural lands across the country; however, hydraulic efficiency of the water conveyance system is impacted due to seepage losses. The lining of irrigation channels is considered a potential solution for improving hydraulic efficiency. Therefore, this study explores the impact of canal lining on the hydraulic efficiency of the canals in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Overall, 14 channels/distributaries/minors (total length 226 km) were monitored in terms of hydraulic performance in different irrigation zones. The hydraulic, geometrical, and socioeconomic parameters of channel/ distributaries/ minors including roughness coefficient, sediments, flow velocity, wetter perimeter, breaches, theft cases, bed, side slope, water surface profile, hydraulic radius, crop yield, and vegetation growth area have been experimentally observed. The obtained results have been compared with the design and pre-lining data. Ten seepage tests using the inflow–outflow method and eight seepage tests using the ponding method were conducted to estimate seepage losses. Results indicate that almost all the parameters varied from the design values. A detailed comparison of the socioeconomic parameters has been carried out. The reported results from the seepage tests show that approximately 78% reduction in losses.
{"title":"Evaluation of hydraulic efficiency of lined irrigation channels – a case study from Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"G. Zakir, M. Kahlown, J. Punthakey, G. Shabir, M. Aziz, Muhammad Sultan, Hadeed Ashraf, Qurrat ul ain Nawaz, Faiz F. Majeed","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) in Pakistan is the backbone of agriculture in the country. The IBIS provides irrigation support to agricultural lands across the country; however, hydraulic efficiency of the water conveyance system is impacted due to seepage losses. The lining of irrigation channels is considered a potential solution for improving hydraulic efficiency. Therefore, this study explores the impact of canal lining on the hydraulic efficiency of the canals in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Overall, 14 channels/distributaries/minors (total length 226 km) were monitored in terms of hydraulic performance in different irrigation zones. The hydraulic, geometrical, and socioeconomic parameters of channel/ distributaries/ minors including roughness coefficient, sediments, flow velocity, wetter perimeter, breaches, theft cases, bed, side slope, water surface profile, hydraulic radius, crop yield, and vegetation growth area have been experimentally observed. The obtained results have been compared with the design and pre-lining data. Ten seepage tests using the inflow–outflow method and eight seepage tests using the ponding method were conducted to estimate seepage losses. Results indicate that almost all the parameters varied from the design values. A detailed comparison of the socioeconomic parameters has been carried out. The reported results from the seepage tests show that approximately 78% reduction in losses.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42861437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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