Yueyang Wang, Yanjun Wang, Yan Wang, Chenxi Li, Q. Ju, Junliang Jin, Xiyuan Deng, Gaoxia Sun, Z. Bao
The Hydrologiska Byrans VattenbalansavdeIning (HBV) model is a catchment hydrological model that has been widely applied to hundreds of catchments worldwide. Taking the Nanjuma River Basin which is located in a semi-arid climate zone and has been highly regulated by human activities, as a case, the applicability of the HBV model to the basin was investigated. Results show that (1) due to environmental change, recorded stream flow of the Nanjuma River presented a significant decreasing trend, and the relationship between runoff and precipitation was changed as well, with the correlation coefficient decreasing from 0.58 in the natural period of 1961–1979 to 0.01 in a highly regulated period of 2000–2018. (2) The HBV model performs well on daily and monthly discharge simulation for the natural period with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients in calibration and validation periods of 0.63 and 0.81 for daily discharge simulation. (3) The HBV model's applicability would like to decrease when the Nanjuma River Basin was moderately and intensively regulated by human activities. The daily-scale NSEs in moderate-disturbance and intensive-disturbance phases are 0.42 and −0.3, which means the HBV model almost lost its capacity in capturing hydrological features for a highly regulated catchment.
{"title":"Applicability of the HBV model to a human-influenced catchment in northern China","authors":"Yueyang Wang, Yanjun Wang, Yan Wang, Chenxi Li, Q. Ju, Junliang Jin, Xiyuan Deng, Gaoxia Sun, Z. Bao","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Hydrologiska Byrans VattenbalansavdeIning (HBV) model is a catchment hydrological model that has been widely applied to hundreds of catchments worldwide. Taking the Nanjuma River Basin which is located in a semi-arid climate zone and has been highly regulated by human activities, as a case, the applicability of the HBV model to the basin was investigated. Results show that (1) due to environmental change, recorded stream flow of the Nanjuma River presented a significant decreasing trend, and the relationship between runoff and precipitation was changed as well, with the correlation coefficient decreasing from 0.58 in the natural period of 1961–1979 to 0.01 in a highly regulated period of 2000–2018. (2) The HBV model performs well on daily and monthly discharge simulation for the natural period with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients in calibration and validation periods of 0.63 and 0.81 for daily discharge simulation. (3) The HBV model's applicability would like to decrease when the Nanjuma River Basin was moderately and intensively regulated by human activities. The daily-scale NSEs in moderate-disturbance and intensive-disturbance phases are 0.42 and −0.3, which means the HBV model almost lost its capacity in capturing hydrological features for a highly regulated catchment.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poyang and Dongting Lakes are two important river-connecting lakes with a complicated water system pattern in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Recently, extreme drought events occurred frequently in the two lakes. This study analyzed the characteristics and differences of hydrological droughts in Poyang and Dongting Lakes during the period of 1964–2016 and explored the correlation between drought and large-scale climate indices. The results showed that the hydrological droughts of Poyang and Dongting Lakes became increasingly serious. Especially after 2003, both lakes entered the dry season earlier and the intensity of drought was increased. The hydrological drought of Poyang Lake was more serious than that of Dongting Lake in spring (16.40%) and winter (14.26%), while the autumn drought in Dongting Lake (32.46%) was severer than that in Poyang Lake (27.65%). The spring droughts in the two lakes were significantly associated with droughts in their local catchments with the joint probabilities of 10.84 and 9.52%, while the autumn droughts were consistent with the hydrological droughts of the Yangtze River with large joint probabilities (26.39 and 27.76%). The changes in large-scale climate indices more significantly affected the drought in Poyang Lake than that in Dongting Lake, especially in autumn and winter.
{"title":"Hydrological drought in two largest river-connecting lakes in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China","authors":"Xianghu Li, Xu-chun Ye, Z. Li, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.2166/nh.2023.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Poyang and Dongting Lakes are two important river-connecting lakes with a complicated water system pattern in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Recently, extreme drought events occurred frequently in the two lakes. This study analyzed the characteristics and differences of hydrological droughts in Poyang and Dongting Lakes during the period of 1964–2016 and explored the correlation between drought and large-scale climate indices. The results showed that the hydrological droughts of Poyang and Dongting Lakes became increasingly serious. Especially after 2003, both lakes entered the dry season earlier and the intensity of drought was increased. The hydrological drought of Poyang Lake was more serious than that of Dongting Lake in spring (16.40%) and winter (14.26%), while the autumn drought in Dongting Lake (32.46%) was severer than that in Poyang Lake (27.65%). The spring droughts in the two lakes were significantly associated with droughts in their local catchments with the joint probabilities of 10.84 and 9.52%, while the autumn droughts were consistent with the hydrological droughts of the Yangtze River with large joint probabilities (26.39 and 27.76%). The changes in large-scale climate indices more significantly affected the drought in Poyang Lake than that in Dongting Lake, especially in autumn and winter.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42937178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The southeast Mediterranean region of the Gaza Strip is showing traces of evolving drought patterns driven by the impacts of climate change. The analysis of rainfall data at eight meteorological stations for a period extending over 48 years from 1974 to 2021 shows obvious variations in the spatiotemporal distribution of the rainfall over the Gaza Strip. The total monthly rainfall trend analysis for the wet months indicates a decreasing trend during February, March, April, and November with a ratio ranging between −16 and −62% and an increasing trend of about 35 and 141% through October at each of the meteorological stations. However, January shows an increasing trend of about 1–27% at all meteorological stations except Nussirat where a decline of about −7% is recorded while December refers to an increasing trend by about 5–27% in the north area of Gaza and declining trend of −2 to −17% over the southern region of the Gaza Strip. The drought analysis using the SPI indicator refers to a significant development of drought during the years 1990, 1999, 2010, and 2014 in the Gaza Strip with a major incident of occurrence where specifically, the monthly drought in term.
{"title":"Analysis of the climate change impact on the spatiotemporal drought in the Gaza region of the southeastern Mediterranean","authors":"Alaeddinne Eljamassi, Hassan Al-Najjar, Mahmoud Abdel latif, Ashraf Dweikat, Maher Aljamal","doi":"10.2166/nh.2022.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The southeast Mediterranean region of the Gaza Strip is showing traces of evolving drought patterns driven by the impacts of climate change. The analysis of rainfall data at eight meteorological stations for a period extending over 48 years from 1974 to 2021 shows obvious variations in the spatiotemporal distribution of the rainfall over the Gaza Strip. The total monthly rainfall trend analysis for the wet months indicates a decreasing trend during February, March, April, and November with a ratio ranging between −16 and −62% and an increasing trend of about 35 and 141% through October at each of the meteorological stations. However, January shows an increasing trend of about 1–27% at all meteorological stations except Nussirat where a decline of about −7% is recorded while December refers to an increasing trend by about 5–27% in the north area of Gaza and declining trend of −2 to −17% over the southern region of the Gaza Strip. The drought analysis using the SPI indicator refers to a significant development of drought during the years 1990, 1999, 2010, and 2014 in the Gaza Strip with a major incident of occurrence where specifically, the monthly drought in term.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42287872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydropower projects involve enormous investments that require an efficient cost–benefit framework and optimization model for proper development. Dams and hydropower plants have many impacts on the environment. These environmental impacts are often not included in the economic calculations and planning of the projects, which leads to the loss of natural resources. The primary purpose of this research is to incorporate environmental impacts into optimization and decision-making. A comprehensive simulation–optimization model is developed to optimize hydropower decisions. The positive and negative values of environmental impacts are incorporated into an economic objective function under different scenarios, and optimal design was done for each scenario. The results show that considering environmental economics affects the multipurpose hydropower project's NPV and decision outcomes. Considering environmental impacts compared to not considering them has reduced NPV of the project by 13.9%. The results emphasize the importance of including these impacts to achieve sustainable development and management.
{"title":"Sustainable planning of multipurpose hydropower reservoirs with environmental impacts in a simulation–optimization framework","authors":"A. Hatamkhani, A. Moridi, T. Randhir","doi":"10.2166/nh.2022.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydropower projects involve enormous investments that require an efficient cost–benefit framework and optimization model for proper development. Dams and hydropower plants have many impacts on the environment. These environmental impacts are often not included in the economic calculations and planning of the projects, which leads to the loss of natural resources. The primary purpose of this research is to incorporate environmental impacts into optimization and decision-making. A comprehensive simulation–optimization model is developed to optimize hydropower decisions. The positive and negative values of environmental impacts are incorporated into an economic objective function under different scenarios, and optimal design was done for each scenario. The results show that considering environmental economics affects the multipurpose hydropower project's NPV and decision outcomes. Considering environmental impacts compared to not considering them has reduced NPV of the project by 13.9%. The results emphasize the importance of including these impacts to achieve sustainable development and management.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44673689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and anthropogenic interventions have obviously altered the eco-hydrological regimes. A quantitative evaluation and attribution of the eco-hydrological alterations are urgently required. In this study, we evaluated the various attributions of eco-hydrological regimes in the Weihe River Basin (WRB). Firstly, the trends and change-point analysis of hydrological elements were examined, and the natural streamflow was reproduced based on the variable infiltration capacity model. Then, the most ecologically relevant hydrological indicators (ERHIs) were selected and combined with the eco-deficit and eco-surplus indicators to assess the degree of eco-hydrological regime alterations. Finally, the relative contributions to eco-hydrological alterations were quantified using the ‘simulated–observed comparison’ method. The results showed that (1) the streamflow of the WRB exhibited significant decreasing trends (p < 0.01), and a significant change point (p < 0.01) of the streamflow series was identified in 1990. (2) Seven representative indicators of hydrological alteration were selected as ERHIs. (3) During the human-induced period (1991–2017), human activities were the dominant factors in the eco-hydrological alterations as well as the variations of the ERHI indexes and the eco-deficit and eco-surplus metrics. Overall, the proposed framework may improve the understanding of the driving forces of eco-hydrological regime alterations under a changing environment.
{"title":"Quantifying the impact of climate change and human activities on the eco-hydrological regimes of the Weihe River Basin, Northwest China","authors":"Shanhu Jiang, Yating Liu, Menghao Wang, Yongwei Zhu, Hao Cui, Shu-Li Du, Chong-yu Xu","doi":"10.2166/nh.2022.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.194","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate change and anthropogenic interventions have obviously altered the eco-hydrological regimes. A quantitative evaluation and attribution of the eco-hydrological alterations are urgently required. In this study, we evaluated the various attributions of eco-hydrological regimes in the Weihe River Basin (WRB). Firstly, the trends and change-point analysis of hydrological elements were examined, and the natural streamflow was reproduced based on the variable infiltration capacity model. Then, the most ecologically relevant hydrological indicators (ERHIs) were selected and combined with the eco-deficit and eco-surplus indicators to assess the degree of eco-hydrological regime alterations. Finally, the relative contributions to eco-hydrological alterations were quantified using the ‘simulated–observed comparison’ method. The results showed that (1) the streamflow of the WRB exhibited significant decreasing trends (p < 0.01), and a significant change point (p < 0.01) of the streamflow series was identified in 1990. (2) Seven representative indicators of hydrological alteration were selected as ERHIs. (3) During the human-induced period (1991–2017), human activities were the dominant factors in the eco-hydrological alterations as well as the variations of the ERHI indexes and the eco-deficit and eco-surplus metrics. Overall, the proposed framework may improve the understanding of the driving forces of eco-hydrological regime alterations under a changing environment.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In May 2019, over 50 springs were identified at a sandur-lava field–wetland complex in Southeast Iceland and a subset was selected for further investigation including monitoring water levels, discharge, and water chemistry. Between May and September 2019, springs at the study site had relatively stable water levels and temperatures (4–5 °C), although heavy rains (>10 mm) corresponded with increased water levels and/or temperatures at some springs. Together, the water level, temperature, and stable isotope data suggest that the springs at the study site are fed by older groundwater from an aquifer that is recharged by precipitation. Spikes in water level indicated that at least one spring at the edge of the sandur also received floodwater and shallow subsurface flows from the glacial-fed Brunná River. One wetland spring was further monitored over the water year (October 2019 to October 2020). Like other springs, water levels and temperatures remained relatively stable, fluctuating with inputs of precipitation. Longer-term studies will be needed to gain an improved understanding of seasonal spring vulnerability to climate change and their role in the functioning of a coastal wetland in Southeast Iceland.
{"title":"Surface-groundwater exchange between a wetland, sandur, and lava field in southeastern Iceland","authors":"Aiesha Aggarwal, K. Young","doi":"10.2166/nh.2022.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.079","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In May 2019, over 50 springs were identified at a sandur-lava field–wetland complex in Southeast Iceland and a subset was selected for further investigation including monitoring water levels, discharge, and water chemistry. Between May and September 2019, springs at the study site had relatively stable water levels and temperatures (4–5 °C), although heavy rains (>10 mm) corresponded with increased water levels and/or temperatures at some springs. Together, the water level, temperature, and stable isotope data suggest that the springs at the study site are fed by older groundwater from an aquifer that is recharged by precipitation. Spikes in water level indicated that at least one spring at the edge of the sandur also received floodwater and shallow subsurface flows from the glacial-fed Brunná River. One wetland spring was further monitored over the water year (October 2019 to October 2020). Like other springs, water levels and temperatures remained relatively stable, fluctuating with inputs of precipitation. Longer-term studies will be needed to gain an improved understanding of seasonal spring vulnerability to climate change and their role in the functioning of a coastal wetland in Southeast Iceland.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41984188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenhang Jiang, Jiu-fu Liu, Anbang Peng, Guodong Liu, Rong Zhang
There are many sources of uncertainty in reservoir operation. The presence of these uncertainties might lead to operation risks, which directly affect the comprehensive benefit of reservoirs. This study developed a simple framework to quantify the uncertainty contribution arising from the inputs, model structures, model parameters, and their interaction in the reservoirs. We established a deterministic reservoir operations model with the intention of maximizing power generation, and the scheduling results with the inputs and optimal output datasets were used for data-driven models – artificial neural networks (ANNs). The time period, inflow, storage, and inflow in the last period were chosen as input, integrating with ANN models of different structures and parameters, to produce an ensemble of 10-day forecasts of power generation. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was applied to quantify the contribution of the uncertainty sources. The results demonstrated that the inputs were the predominating source of uncertainty in the reservoir operation, especially from May to October. In addition, the uncertainty caused by the interactions between the three sources of uncertainty was more considerable than that of the model structure or parameter in November–April, and the uncertainty contributions of the model structure or parameter were relatively marginal.
{"title":"Quantifying the contribution of uncertainty sources of artificial neural network models using ANOVA for reservoir power generation","authors":"Wenhang Jiang, Jiu-fu Liu, Anbang Peng, Guodong Liu, Rong Zhang","doi":"10.2166/nh.2022.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are many sources of uncertainty in reservoir operation. The presence of these uncertainties might lead to operation risks, which directly affect the comprehensive benefit of reservoirs. This study developed a simple framework to quantify the uncertainty contribution arising from the inputs, model structures, model parameters, and their interaction in the reservoirs. We established a deterministic reservoir operations model with the intention of maximizing power generation, and the scheduling results with the inputs and optimal output datasets were used for data-driven models – artificial neural networks (ANNs). The time period, inflow, storage, and inflow in the last period were chosen as input, integrating with ANN models of different structures and parameters, to produce an ensemble of 10-day forecasts of power generation. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was applied to quantify the contribution of the uncertainty sources. The results demonstrated that the inputs were the predominating source of uncertainty in the reservoir operation, especially from May to October. In addition, the uncertainty caused by the interactions between the three sources of uncertainty was more considerable than that of the model structure or parameter in November–April, and the uncertainty contributions of the model structure or parameter were relatively marginal.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47133399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Zhang, Bin Wang, Yishu Wang, Y. Pang, Chengchun Shi, Rongrong Xie
In the last 10 years, the Minjiang River, which is the longest river in the Fujian Province in Southeast China, has been facing a downward trend of dissolved oxygen (DO) and a frequent occurrence of hypoxia. In this study, the development of the continuous and short-term presence of low DO was investigated by using the water age concept and average DO consumption concept based on a three-dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code in the Minjiang River. The results revealed that the spatial distribution of DO was affected by temperature, runoff, pollution emission, tidal advection, and hypoxic water discharge from the reservoir bottom. The continuous low DO in the water of the North Channel occurred frequently when the enough pollutants were aerobically decomposed faster than the rate of oxygen reaeration during the high temperature and low river discharge period. In addition, the water age and reaeration time decreased with a rapid increase in the water flow from the Shuikou dam when the reservoir capacity was released via drainage. The results of this study provide scientific insights on the mechanism involved in the occurrence of hypoxia and suggest countermeasures for addressing hypoxic problems in estuaries.
{"title":"Causes of continuous and short-term hypoxia in rivers entering the sea: a case of Minjiang River in Fujian Province","authors":"Peng Zhang, Bin Wang, Yishu Wang, Y. Pang, Chengchun Shi, Rongrong Xie","doi":"10.2166/nh.2022.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the last 10 years, the Minjiang River, which is the longest river in the Fujian Province in Southeast China, has been facing a downward trend of dissolved oxygen (DO) and a frequent occurrence of hypoxia. In this study, the development of the continuous and short-term presence of low DO was investigated by using the water age concept and average DO consumption concept based on a three-dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code in the Minjiang River. The results revealed that the spatial distribution of DO was affected by temperature, runoff, pollution emission, tidal advection, and hypoxic water discharge from the reservoir bottom. The continuous low DO in the water of the North Channel occurred frequently when the enough pollutants were aerobically decomposed faster than the rate of oxygen reaeration during the high temperature and low river discharge period. In addition, the water age and reaeration time decreased with a rapid increase in the water flow from the Shuikou dam when the reservoir capacity was released via drainage. The results of this study provide scientific insights on the mechanism involved in the occurrence of hypoxia and suggest countermeasures for addressing hypoxic problems in estuaries.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43769684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rad, Dai Junfeng, Xu Jingxuan, Li Zitao, Pan Linyan, Zepeng Wan, Liao-Fan Lin
We analyzed the characteristics of three main karstic/non-karst reaches of the Lijiang River in south China to uncover the causes behind different flood behaviors by providing a better understanding of the flood formation process. Having 63 years of rainfall-runoff data and applying the Hydrologic Engineering Canter's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) flood forecasting model, the geo/hydrological features were investigated. The available reservoir capacity of karts (ARCK) was included in the model through soil moisture accounting loss data to assess the impact of this variable. In particular, the expected instantaneous peak discharge rates and times were found largely imbalanced with generated unit hydrographs. Moreover, there were significant gaps among the floods’ features in different subbasins in terms of required peak modifications (i.e., two to four times bigger for midstream and upstream subbasins, respectively), which were mainly associated with the unique karst structure and the initial condition due to various ARCK in rainy/dry seasons. Besides, notable dissimilarities between the wedge and prism storage volumes and the hydrograph's wave traveling/receding time were observed owing to the geomorphological conditions. Although the contribution rates of drivers in karst flood formation cannot be quantitatively modeled, however, based on our results the ARCK emerged to play a substantial role on the forecasted results compared.
{"title":"Lijiang flood characteristics and implication of karst storage through Muskingum flood routing via HEC-HMS, S. China","authors":"S. Rad, Dai Junfeng, Xu Jingxuan, Li Zitao, Pan Linyan, Zepeng Wan, Liao-Fan Lin","doi":"10.2166/nh.2022.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We analyzed the characteristics of three main karstic/non-karst reaches of the Lijiang River in south China to uncover the causes behind different flood behaviors by providing a better understanding of the flood formation process. Having 63 years of rainfall-runoff data and applying the Hydrologic Engineering Canter's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) flood forecasting model, the geo/hydrological features were investigated. The available reservoir capacity of karts (ARCK) was included in the model through soil moisture accounting loss data to assess the impact of this variable. In particular, the expected instantaneous peak discharge rates and times were found largely imbalanced with generated unit hydrographs. Moreover, there were significant gaps among the floods’ features in different subbasins in terms of required peak modifications (i.e., two to four times bigger for midstream and upstream subbasins, respectively), which were mainly associated with the unique karst structure and the initial condition due to various ARCK in rainy/dry seasons. Besides, notable dissimilarities between the wedge and prism storage volumes and the hydrograph's wave traveling/receding time were observed owing to the geomorphological conditions. Although the contribution rates of drivers in karst flood formation cannot be quantitatively modeled, however, based on our results the ARCK emerged to play a substantial role on the forecasted results compared.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43328275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estimating the streamflow driven by snowmelt in rugged mountain watersheds is difficult. Challenges are associated with the limited observations of hydrologic and meteorological datasets and inadequate implementation of the snow hydrology models. This study aims to improve streamflow prediction during the snowmelt season using a snow hydrology model aided by field observations. When the point-based weather forcing data and in-situ snowpit measurements exist in or near a small-scale (2–3 km2) watershed, the hydrologic model demonstrated an improved streamflow prediction during the snowmelt period. A snow hydrology model was applied to the Senator Beck Basin (SBB) in Colorado to improve the streamflow prediction. A temperature index method was implemented in the hydrological model to accommodate the snowmelt routine, which releases water as a multiplication factor for a grid temperature surplus above the melting point. The temperature index was adjusted using in-situ snowpit observations collected in the SBB by the NASA SnowEx Year-1 campaign in February 2017. Using the determined temperature index and weather forcing data from the nearby USDA snow observation telemetry station, the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of the simulated streamflow was elucidated with a value of 0.88 against the observed streamflow during April 1–22, 2017.
{"title":"Improvement of springtime streamflow prediction using a snow hydrology model aided with USDA SNOTEL and in-situ snowpit observations","authors":"D. Kang, Kyung-Seon Lee, Edward J. Kim","doi":"10.2166/nh.2022.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2022.180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Estimating the streamflow driven by snowmelt in rugged mountain watersheds is difficult. Challenges are associated with the limited observations of hydrologic and meteorological datasets and inadequate implementation of the snow hydrology models. This study aims to improve streamflow prediction during the snowmelt season using a snow hydrology model aided by field observations. When the point-based weather forcing data and in-situ snowpit measurements exist in or near a small-scale (2–3 km2) watershed, the hydrologic model demonstrated an improved streamflow prediction during the snowmelt period. A snow hydrology model was applied to the Senator Beck Basin (SBB) in Colorado to improve the streamflow prediction. A temperature index method was implemented in the hydrological model to accommodate the snowmelt routine, which releases water as a multiplication factor for a grid temperature surplus above the melting point. The temperature index was adjusted using in-situ snowpit observations collected in the SBB by the NASA SnowEx Year-1 campaign in February 2017. Using the determined temperature index and weather forcing data from the nearby USDA snow observation telemetry station, the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of the simulated streamflow was elucidated with a value of 0.88 against the observed streamflow during April 1–22, 2017.","PeriodicalId":55040,"journal":{"name":"Hydrology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46837535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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