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A hierarchical assessment of resilience engineering indicators in petrochemical industries using AHP and TOPSIS 基于AHP和TOPSIS的石化行业弹性工程指标的层次评价
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20980
Gh. A. Shirali, P. Rashnoudi, V. Salehi, S. Ghanbari

Resilience engineering (RE) is a proactive approach that enables complex systems to deal with adverse events and improve safety management by enhancing structural and organizational capabilities. A methodological examination of RE-related studies showed that they had only focused on some major indicators so that subindicators have been mostly neglected. This study aims to present a hierarchical analysis to identify the importance degree of indicators and subindicators of RE using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a petrochemical plant. To accomplish this, a pairwise comparison matrix of the indicators and subindicators was used to collect the data required for AHP approach. To demonstrate the applicability of the AHP results, this study ranks the units of the petrochemical plant using the technique for the order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach based on the importance degree of RE indicators. A questionnaire was used to gather data related to RE indicators so we could use the TOPSIS method. The results of the AHP showed that management commitment, buffering capacity, and reporting culture were the most influential RE indicators. In addition, anticipation had the lowest impact on RE. The most important subindicators of the RE indicators were also identified using a hierarchical analysis through AHP. The results of TOPSIS provided a best–worst analysis of the units of the petrochemical plant. The findings of this study could help safety managers formulate better-targeted safety policies by investing in influential indicators and subindicators of RE.

弹性工程(RE)是一种积极主动的方法,使复杂系统能够处理不良事件,并通过增强结构和组织能力来改进安全管理。对RE相关研究的方法学检查表明,它们只关注一些主要指标,因此子指标大多被忽视。本研究旨在利用层次分析法(AHP)对石化厂可再生能源指标和子指标的重要性进行层次分析。为此,使用指标和子指标的成对比较矩阵来收集AHP方法所需的数据。为了证明AHP结果的适用性,本研究使用基于RE指标重要性的理想解相似性排序技术(TOPSIS)对石化厂的单元进行了排名。调查问卷用于收集与可再生能源指标相关的数据,以便我们可以使用TOPSIS方法。AHP的结果表明,管理承诺、缓冲能力和报告文化是最具影响力的RE指标。此外,预期对RE的影响最小。通过AHP的层次分析,还确定了RE指标中最重要的子指标。TOPSIS的结果提供了石化厂装置的最佳-最差分析。这项研究的结果可以通过投资RE的有影响力的指标和子指标来帮助安全管理者制定更有针对性的安全政策。
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引用次数: 1
Neural mechanisms behind semantic congruity of construction safety signs: An EEG investigation on construction workers 建筑安全标志语义一致性背后的神经机制——对建筑工人的脑电图调查
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20979
Jinchun Wu, Xiaoxi Du, Mu Tong, Qi Guo, Junkai Shao, Annette Chabebe, Chengqi Xue

Accurate comprehension of safety signs plays a critical part in warning construction workers of potential work hazards. However, existing studies have rarely investigated construction workers' comprehension of safety signs at construction sites. Moreover, existing evaluation methods are generally based on subjective behavior tests, questionnaires, and interviews. Therefore, this study examined the effects of semantic congruity on the comprehension of safety signs, including two sign types (prohibition vs. warning signs) and two conditions (semantic congruence vs. incongruence), combining event-related potentials and time-frequency analysis measurements. Adopting the S1-S2 paradigm, electroencephalogram data were recorded when participants decided whether S1 and S2 were semantically congruent or not. Results showed that the semantically incongruent safety sign-word pairs elicited larger N400 amplitudes and increased theta (3–8 Hz) power in 300–420 ms. The amplitude of N400 in the semantically incongruent condition of the warning sign-word pairs was more negative than that for the prohibition sign-word pairs, while there were no significant differences between the prohibition and warning sign-word pairs in the semantically congruent condition. A greater late positive potential (LPP) (550–750 ms) was also elicited in the semantically incongruent safety sign-word pairs, which was different from previous studies that observed larger LPP in congruent conditions. These results suggest complicated cognitive mechanisms of safety sign comprehension in construction workers. This study extends safety sign comprehension research by using electrophysiological approaches and provides useful indicators for researchers or safety engineers to measure the semantic congruity of proposed sign designs.

准确理解安全标志对于警告施工人员潜在的工作危险起着至关重要的作用。然而,现有的研究很少调查建筑工人对建筑工地安全标志的理解。此外,现有的评估方法通常基于主观行为测试、问卷调查和访谈。因此,本研究结合事件相关电位和时频分析测量,考察了语义一致性对安全标志理解的影响,包括两种标志类型(禁止与警告标志)和两种条件(语义一致与不一致)。采用S1-S2范式,当参与者决定S1和S2在语义上是否一致时,记录脑电图数据。结果表明,语义不一致的安全标志词对引发了更大的N400振幅和增加的θ(3-8 Hz)功率,300–420 警告标志词对的语义不一致条件下N400的幅度比禁止标志词对更负,而在语义一致条件下禁止标志词和警告标志词之间没有显著差异。更大的后期正电位(LPP)(550–750 ms)也在语义不一致的安全符号-词对中引发,这与先前在一致条件下观察到较大LPP的研究不同。这些结果表明建筑工人理解安全标志的认知机制是复杂的。本研究通过使用电生理方法扩展了安全标志理解研究,并为研究人员或安全工程师测量拟议标志设计的语义一致性提供了有用的指标。
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引用次数: 3
Coordination-behavior patterns of control crews in digital nuclear power plants during emergencies from a network perspective: An exploratory study 网络视角下数字核电站控制人员应急协调行为模式的探索性研究
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20978
Junxiu Zhang, Dunxing Wang, Qin Gao, Zhizhong Li

This study aims to investigate the coordination-behavior patterns of control crews in digital nuclear power plants (NPPs) during emergencies from a network perspective. We observed and coded 12 coordination processes (each from one crew) of handling simulated emergencies on a full-scope dynamic simulator in Tianwan NPP of China. By calculating the proportion of coordination breakdowns and referring to the subjective evaluation of instructors, these control crews (all male) were classified into two performance levels (high and low). To compare the coordination-behavior patterns between high- and low-performing crews, we conducted social network analysis based on the number and direction of coordination behaviors. By examining intracrew relations in team coordination, this study indicated that high-performing crews exhibited higher cohesion and more balanced behavioral patterns in team coordination than low-performing ones. By investigating coordination-behavior patterns from the hierarchical structure of relations in the team, this study revealed that high-performing crews exhibited higher degree of team autonomy and self-management among junior operators, as well as reactor operator (RO)-centered pattern, whereas the low-performing crews exhibited senior reactor operator-centered pattern. For researchers, the results advance the understanding of the team coordination mechanism in NPP control rooms during emergencies and enrich team coordination theory in process control industries from the network perspective. In practice, this study suggested that the team coordination training of NPP control crews might be centered around junior operators (especially RO), with focuses on facilitating information sharing and mutual assistance between junior operators and enhancing the awareness of active cooperation of crew members. The results of the study provide nuclear instructors with practical reference to team coordination training and processes optimization.

本研究旨在从网络角度研究数字核电站控制人员在紧急情况下的协调行为模式。我们在中国田湾核电站的全范围动态模拟器上观察并编码了12个处理模拟紧急情况的协调过程(每个协调过程来自一个机组)。通过计算协调故障的比例并参考教员的主观评价,将这些控制人员(均为男性)分为两个绩效水平(高和低)。为了比较高绩效和低绩效船员的协调行为模式,我们根据协调行为的数量和方向进行了社交网络分析。通过考察团队协调中的团队内部关系,本研究表明,与表现不佳的团队相比,表现出色的团队在团队协调中表现出更高的凝聚力和更平衡的行为模式。通过从团队关系的层次结构中调查协调行为模式,本研究表明,高绩效团队在初级操作员中表现出更高程度的团队自主性和自我管理,以及以反应堆操作员为中心的模式,而低绩效团队则表现出以高级反应堆操作员为核心的模式。对于研究人员来说,研究结果从网络的角度促进了对核电厂控制室在紧急情况下团队协调机制的理解,丰富了过程控制行业的团队协调理论。在实践中,本研究表明,核电厂控制人员的团队协调培训可能以初级操作员(尤其是RO)为中心,重点是促进初级操作员之间的信息共享和互助,提高机组成员的积极合作意识。研究结果为核教员团队协调培训和流程优化提供了实际参考。
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引用次数: 1
Reclaimed water systems in office buildings: Perceptions of building facilities managers 办公楼中水系统:建筑设施管理人员的看法
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20977
Lucy Phiri, Anita Etale, Andrew Thatcher

By the year 2050, 67% of the global population will be living in cities where water demand is projected to outstrip supply. This shortage calls for identifying ways through which urban residents and commercial interests can adapt to water stress. As commercial buildings contribute significantly to water consumption in cities, building facilities managers (BFMs) have a significant role in formulation and implementation of the adaptation approaches. Their perceptions of alternative water sources, including reclaimed water, are, therefore, important. In this study, the perceptions of 40 BFMs on reclaimed water use in buildings were analyzed using Q-methodology. Analysis correlated the responses of different people, factoring out the groups of people who hold similar viewpoints. Results showed that participants could be categorized under four factors. Participants in Factor 1 perceived reclaimed water as being healthy and a worthy investment. Those in Factor 2, however, had negative perceptions and did not trust local governments to appropriately manage the treatment process, thus presenting health concerns. They also found reclaimed water repulsive. Participants in Factor 3 were also less willing to adopt reclaimed water, but felt that its use for non-potable purposes would be acceptable. The final group, those in Factor 4 focused more on the cost efficiency and sustainability of reclaimed water, finding it acceptable on those grounds. However, they thought that decisions on its use should be the building owners' prerogative rather than the BFMs. The implications of these findings with respect to encouraging reclaimed water use in commercial office buildings are discussed.

到2050年,全球67%的人口将生活在水需求超过供应的城市。这种短缺需要确定城市居民和商业利益能够适应水压力的方式。由于商业建筑对城市用水的贡献很大,建筑设施管理人员在制定和实施适应方法方面发挥着重要作用。因此,他们对包括再生水在内的替代水源的看法很重要。在本研究中,使用Q方法分析了40个BFM对建筑物中水使用的看法。分析将不同人群的反应联系起来,将持有相似观点的人群考虑在内。结果表明,参与者可以分为四个因素。因子1的参与者认为再生水是健康的,是一项有价值的投资。然而,因子2中的人有负面看法,不相信地方政府会妥善管理治疗过程,从而引发健康问题。他们还发现再生水令人反感。因素3的参与者也不太愿意采用再生水,但认为将其用于非饮用目的是可以接受的。最后一组,即因子4中的那些人,更关注再生水的成本效益和可持续性,并认为基于这些理由它是可以接受的。然而,他们认为,对其使用的决定应该是建筑业主的特权,而不是BFM。讨论了这些发现对鼓励商业办公楼使用再生水的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The future of manufacturing: Utopia or dystopia? 制造业的未来:乌托邦还是反乌托邦?
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20976
Adrian Marinescu, Elizabeth M. Argyle, Joshua Duvnjak, Max L. Wilson, Glyn Lawson, Sarah Sharples, Ella-Mae Hubbard, Laura Justham

Digital manufacturing technologies (DMTs) have the potential to transform industry productivity, but their introduction into the workplace is often a complex process, requiring not only technical expertise but also an awareness of ethical and societal challenges surrounding human–system integration. Concerns about the introduction of new technology have been prevalent throughout history, and exploring public perceptions of these technologies can provide insight to help address such cultural anxieties. However, evaluating user perceptions of futuristic technology is difficult, requiring novel approaches to provide context and understanding. To explore users' perceptions of future DMTs, we applied the ContraVision technique in a questionnaire-based study. Participants viewed films, representing fictionalized utopic and dystopic visions of what the future of these DMTs might involve, and a questionnaire probed the perceptions of the technologies afterward. Findings showed that irrespective of the way technology was portrayed, participants had concerns about the ethical and responsible implementation of these tools. Participant responses were analyzed to identify key challenges for policy surrounding DMT implementation in the future of manufacturing.

数字制造技术(DMT)有可能改变行业生产力,但将其引入工作场所往往是一个复杂的过程,不仅需要技术专业知识,还需要意识到围绕人与系统集成的道德和社会挑战。对引入新技术的担忧在历史上一直很普遍,探索公众对这些技术的看法可以提供见解,帮助解决这种文化焦虑。然而,评估用户对未来技术的感知是困难的,需要新的方法来提供上下文和理解。为了探索用户对未来DMT的看法,我们在一项基于问卷的研究中应用了ContraVision技术。参与者观看了电影,代表了这些DMT未来可能涉及的虚构的乌托邦和反乌托邦愿景,随后一份问卷调查了对这些技术的看法。研究结果表明,无论技术的描述方式如何,参与者都对这些工具的道德和负责任的实施表示担忧。对参与者的反应进行了分析,以确定未来制造业DMT实施政策面临的主要挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Quantifying and comparing the effects of human and organizational factors in electric maloperation accidents with HFACS–CatBoost and SHAP 用HFACS–CatBoost和SHAP量化和比较电气误操作事故中人为和组织因素的影响
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20975
Chuan Lin, Qifeng Xu, Yifan Huang

The proportion of electric maloperation accidents (EMAs) in substations caused by human and organizational factors (HOFs) has gradually increased. Although there has been some research into the factors affecting EMAs in substations, the available results are insufficient to support the interpretation of HOFs in EMAs. This article explores the relationships between the HOFs and EMAs using Human Factors Analysis and Classification System-gradient boosting with categorical features support (HFACS–CatBoost) and Shapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) methods. First, the HFACS framework was introduced to identify 135 EMAs in the Southern Power Grid risk causation. CatBoost was used to construct an accident classification model to analyze the important relationship between accidents and HOFs and to compare and analyze with the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and the binary logistic regression (BLR) to verify the superiority of CatBoost. Finally, to solve the problem of inadequate interpretation of the CatBoost black-box model, the SHAP value plot was applied to express the contribution degree relationship between accidents and HOFs. The results show that the above method can explore and explain the importance and contribution of HOFs in EMAs. And from this, it is concluded that poor psychological state, poor communication and coordination, inadequate supervision, and inadequate training and education are highly correlated with the occurrence of EMAs. The findings will help substation operations and maintenance staff to develop safety measures to address the confusion of HOFs in substations and prevent the occurrence of EMAs.

由人为和组织因素(HOF)引起的变电站电气误操作事故(EMA)的比例逐渐增加。尽管已经对影响变电站EMA的因素进行了一些研究,但现有的结果不足以支持对EMA中HOF的解释。本文使用人因分析和分类系统梯度增强与分类特征支持(HFACS–CatBoost)和Shapley加性预测(SHAP)方法探讨了HOF和EMA之间的关系。首先,引入HFACS框架来确定南方电网中135个EMA的风险原因。使用CatBoost构建事故分类模型,分析事故与HOF之间的重要关系,并与极限梯度提升(XGBoost)和二元逻辑回归(BLR)进行比较分析,验证CatBoost的优越性。最后,为了解决CatBoost黑箱模型解释不充分的问题,应用SHAP值图来表达事故与HOF之间的贡献度关系。结果表明,上述方法可以探索和解释HOFs在EMA中的重要性和贡献。由此得出结论,心理状态差、沟通协调差、监督不力、培训教育不足与EMA的发生高度相关。这些发现将有助于变电站运营和维护人员制定安全措施,以解决变电站HOF的混乱问题,并防止EMA的发生。
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引用次数: 1
Maladaptation in air traffic management: Development of a Human Factors methods framework 空中交通管理中的适应不良:人为因素方法框架的发展
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20974
Craig J. Foster, Katherine L. Plant, Neville A. Stanton

Human Factors methods play a key role in challenging assumptions, analyzing interactions, and informing decision-making in complex sociotechnical systems and organizations that manage safety risks. Structured methodological approaches also have a role to play in better understanding properties of systems such as adaptation. Adaptation is increasingly recognized as being an important feature that supports the production of safety in complex sociotechnical systems. A safety management intervention, introduced to address a real risk in UK air traffic control but which resulted in unanticipated, maladaptive, and emergent effects, is analyzed using the Hierarchical Task Analysis, Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes, Functional Resonance Analysis Method, Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, Cognitive Work Analysis, Critical Decision Method, and Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Methods. The results from the application of each of the methods are presented and the different perspectives on adaptation that the methods provide are compared. A methodological framework is presented that has the potential to explore the factors of adaptation across the organizational hierarchy and assist safety practitioners in supporting decision makers in safety-related organizations.

在管理安全风险的复杂社会技术系统和组织中,人为因素方法在挑战假设、分析相互作用和为决策提供信息方面发挥着关键作用。结构化的方法论方法在更好地理解适应等系统的特性方面也可以发挥作用。适应越来越被认为是支持复杂社会技术系统安全生产的一个重要特征。采用层次任务分析、系统论事故模型和过程、功能共振分析方法、人为因素分析和分类系统、认知工作分析等方法,分析了一种安全管理干预措施,该措施旨在解决英国空中交通管制中的一个实际风险,但会产生意想不到的、不适应的和突发的影响,关键决策方法和系统团队工作方法的事件分析。介绍了每种方法的应用结果,并比较了这些方法提供的不同适应视角。提出了一个方法框架,该框架有可能探索整个组织层次的适应因素,并帮助安全从业者支持安全相关组织的决策者。
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引用次数: 0
A comfort evaluation method based on an intelligent car cockpit 一种基于智能座舱的舒适性评价方法
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20973
Jian-Jun Yang, Yi-Meng Chen, Shan-Shan Xing, Rui-Zhi Qiu

With the rapid development of automobiles, car cockpits are becoming more and more intelligent and advanced, and the intelligent requirements of automobile cockpits are gradually increasing. However, the real value of intelligence can only be realized when it makes passengers in a cockpit feel comfortable. In this study, seven factors that affect passenger comfort in intelligent cockpits are defined. Under these factors, a total of 33 evaluation indicators were developed. The core of the method was to determine the dissatisfaction indicators and degree of dissatisfaction in the intelligent cockpit by analyzing the relationship between people's perceived performance and their expectations. This method was used to evaluate the Tesla Model 3, and it was found in the results that the higher the degree of dissatisfaction with the indicator, the more subjective feedback it had, which in turn proved the effectiveness of the model. According to the degree of dissatisfaction, the indicators affecting comfort were also divided into three levels. This hierarchical division helps clarify which indicators should be prioritized for improvement. Generally, this method has a certain feasibility, which is helpful for the development and redesign of an intelligent car cockpit, and provides some reference strategies for other transportation fields.

随着汽车的快速发展,汽车驾驶舱越来越智能化、先进化,对汽车驾驶舱的智能化要求也逐渐提高。然而,只有当智能让驾驶舱内的乘客感到舒适时,才能实现智能的真正价值。在本研究中,定义了影响智能驾驶舱乘客舒适度的七个因素。根据这些因素,共制定了33项评价指标。该方法的核心是通过分析人们的感知表现与期望之间的关系来确定智能座舱中的不满指标和不满程度。该方法被用于评估特斯拉Model 3,结果发现,对该指标的不满程度越高,其主观反馈就越多,这反过来证明了该模型的有效性。根据不满程度,影响舒适度的指标也分为三个级别。这种层级划分有助于明确哪些指标应优先改进。总的来说,这种方法具有一定的可行性,有助于智能汽车驾驶舱的开发和重新设计,并为其他交通领域提供一些参考策略。
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引用次数: 1
Accimap and crowd flow in urban infrastructure: Case study of Elphinstone road railway station tragedy, Mumbai, India Accimap与城市基础设施中的人群流动——以印度孟买Elphinstone路火车站悲剧为例
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20972
Vivek Kant, Aishwary Khobragade

The aim of this article is to show how Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) methods can be used to improve urban public infrastructure systems in densely populated countries, such as India. In this case, we use Accimap analysis with crowd flow approaches to inform safety and policy. We demonstrate the need for sociotechnical systemic safety by a case study of accident analysis of the Elphinstone Road railway station stampede. On September 29, 2017, the Elphinstone Road, Mumbai, India, railway platform bridge stampede killed at least 23 and injured 39 other commuters who traveled through the Mumbai Suburban railway. In this study, we understand the accident as it is presented in newspaper articles. We analyze the accident by a sociotechnical accident analysis method called the Accimap. The Accimap method helps by identification of various stakeholders and their interactions in the different levels of hierarchy in a sociotechnical system. This ensures moving away from individualistic and blame-based accounts of media reporting to a coherent sociotechnical account based on understanding the dynamics of the situation. The findings from the Accimap analysis identify the problem areas in the commuter transit system and provide recommendations. These recommendations range from commuter flow management to enforcement of rules for supporting pedestrian flow. The article concludes with an emphasis on the development of the sociotechnical dimension of public safety and infrastructure from a human factors perspective, above and beyond what is currently practiced in India.

本文的目的是展示如何使用人为因素和工效学(HFE)方法来改善人口稠密国家(如印度)的城市公共基础设施系统。在这种情况下,我们使用Accimap分析和人群流动方法来告知安全和政策。我们通过对埃尔芬斯通路火车站踩踏事故分析的案例研究,证明了社会技术系统安全的必要性。2017年9月29日,印度孟买Elphinstone路铁路站台桥踩踏事件造成至少23人死亡,39名其他途经孟买郊区铁路的通勤者受伤。在这项研究中,我们理解了报纸文章中所描述的事故。我们通过一种称为Accimap的社会技术事故分析方法来分析事故。Accimap方法有助于识别社会技术系统中不同层次的利益相关者及其互动。这确保了从个人主义和基于指责的媒体报道转变为基于对局势动态的理解的连贯的社会技术报道。Accimap分析的结果确定了通勤交通系统中的问题区域,并提出了建议。这些建议的范围从通勤流量管理到支持行人流量的规则的执行。文章最后强调了从人为因素的角度发展公共安全和基础设施的社会技术层面,超越了印度目前的做法。
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引用次数: 1
Case studies of robots and automation as health/safety interventions in small manufacturing enterprises 机器人和自动化作为小型制造企业健康/安全干预措施的案例研究
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/hfm.20971
Brian D. Lowe, Marie Hayden, James Albers, Steven Naber

This article reviews the experiences of 63 case studies of small businesses (<250 employees) with manufacturing automation equipment acquired through a health/safety intervention grant program. The review scope included equipment technologies classified as industrial robots (n = 17), computer numerical control (CNC) machining (n = 29), or other programmable automation systems (n = 17). Descriptions of workers' compensation (WC) claim injuries and identified risk factors that motivated the acquisition of the equipment were extracted from grant applications. Other aspects of the employer experiences, including qualitative and quantitative assessment of effects on risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), effects on productivity, and employee acceptance of the intervention were summarized from the case study reports. Case studies associated with a combination of large reduction in risk factors, lower cost per affected employee, and reported increases in productivity were CNC stone cutting system, CNC/vertical machining system, automated system for bottling, CNC/routing system for plastics products manufacturing, and a CNC/Cutting system for vinyl/carpet. Six case studies of industrial robots reported quantitative reductions in MSD risk factors in these diverse manufacturing industries: snack foods; photographic film, paper, plate, and chemical; machine shops; leather goods and allied products; plastic products; and iron and steel forging. This review of health/safety intervention case studies indicates that advanced (programmable) manufacturing automation, including industrial robots, reduced workplace musculoskeletal risk factors, and improved process productivity in most cases.

本文回顾了63个小型企业(250名员工)的案例研究经验,这些企业通过健康/安全干预资助计划获得了制造自动化设备。审查范围包括工业机器人(n = 17)、计算机数控(CNC)加工(n = 29)或其他可编程自动化系统(n = 17)等设备技术。从拨款申请中提取了工人赔偿(WC)索赔伤害的描述和确定的促使购买设备的风险因素。从案例研究报告中总结了雇主经验的其他方面,包括对肌肉骨骼疾病(MSD)风险因素影响的定性和定量评估,对生产力的影响以及员工对干预的接受程度。与风险因素大幅降低、受影响员工人均成本降低以及生产率提高相结合的案例研究包括CNC石材切割系统、CNC/垂直加工系统、装瓶自动化系统、塑料产品制造的CNC/路由系统以及乙烯基/地毯的CNC/切割系统。工业机器人的六个案例研究报告了这些不同制造业中MSD风险因素的定量减少:休闲食品;照相胶片、纸张、底片、化学制品;机器商店;皮革制品及相关产品;塑料制品;以及钢铁锻造。对健康/安全干预案例研究的回顾表明,先进的(可编程的)制造自动化,包括工业机器人,在大多数情况下减少了工作场所肌肉骨骼危险因素,并提高了过程生产率。
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引用次数: 0
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