The aim of this study was to assess the leisure-time physical activity of Polish white-collar workers in relation to various health recommendations.
Methods
The study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 482 white-collar workers from Poland. Researchers recorded the leisure-time physical activity logs for 7 consecutive days of the week. Physical activity level was interpreted in relation to the World Health Organization and the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations.
Results
Among the workers, 42% of women and 53% of men declared moderate physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week, but only 23% of women and 18% men undertook activity in at least 5 days.
Conclusion
The results of the physical activity identified were significantly different from the American College of Sports Medicine and World Health Organization recommendations. The lower percentage of workers who met American College of Sports Medicine recommendations was caused by insufficient frequency of physical efforts.
目的/背景本研究的目的是评估波兰白领的休闲时间体力活动与各种健康建议的关系。方法采用横断面设计，选取482名波兰白领为方便样本。研究人员记录了每周连续7天的休闲时间体育活动日志。身体活动水平是根据世界卫生组织和美国运动医学学院的建议来解释的。结果:42%的女性和53%的男性每周至少进行150分钟的适度体育锻炼，但只有23%的女性和18%的男性至少进行5天的体育锻炼。结论所确定的体力活动结果与美国运动医学学院和世界卫生组织的推荐值存在显著差异。达到美国运动医学学院(American College of Sports Medicine)建议标准的员工比例较低是由于运动量不足造成的。
{"title":"Leisure-time Physical Activity of Polish White-collar Workers: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Agnieszka Nawrocka , Arkadiusz Mynarski , Jarosław Cholewa , Wiesław Garbaciak","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2017.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2017.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/background</h3><p>The aim of this study was to assess the leisure-time physical activity of Polish white-collar workers in relation to various health recommendations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 482 white-collar workers from Poland. Researchers recorded the leisure-time physical activity logs for 7 consecutive days of the week. Physical activity level was interpreted in relation to the World Health Organization and the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the workers, 42% of women and 53% of men declared moderate physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week, but only 23% of women and 18% men undertook activity in at least 5 days.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results of the physical activity identified were significantly different from the American College of Sports Medicine and World Health Organization recommendations. The lower percentage of workers who met American College of Sports Medicine recommendations was caused by insufficient frequency of physical efforts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Pages 19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2017.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36463829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.001
Yu-ting Zhang , Cecilia W.P. Li-Tsang , Ricky K.C. Au
Objective/Background
To review the effect of mechanical stretch on hypertrophic scars after burn injuries.
Methods
A systematic review of all controlled trials related to the effect of mechanical stretch on post burn hypertrophic scars was conducted. Studies of conservative scar managements that applied mechanical forces parallel to the scar surface, including stretching exercise, massage, and splinting, were appraised. Eligible studies published in English between 1995 and 2016 were extracted from The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science direct, SPORTDiscus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale (PEDro). The journals were further screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria. PEDro was selected for further analysis and appraisal.
Results
There were 853 articles identified. After a standardized screening mechanism stipulated, only nine full-text articles were selected for critical appraisal using PEDro. There were five articles of high quality, two of fair quality, and two of poor quality. Detailed training regime and outcomes of nine studies were summarised, including two studies with stretching exercise, six studies with massage, and one study with splinting. The physical parameters of scar assessments and the range of motion on affected areas were compared.
Conclusion
From extensive literature search, there was no strong evidence indicating the positive effect of mechanical stretch using stretching exercise, massage, or splinting on hypertrophic scars. A firm conclusion cannot be drawn for the discrepancy of outcome measures and varied effectiveness. Most of the included studies lacked objective evaluation or control group for comparison. Further high quality studies with larger sample size and using standardized measurements are needed.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Effect of Mechanical Stretch on Hypertrophic Scars after Burn Injuries","authors":"Yu-ting Zhang , Cecilia W.P. Li-Tsang , Ricky K.C. Au","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>To review the effect of mechanical stretch on hypertrophic scars after burn injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic review of all controlled trials related to the effect of mechanical stretch on post burn hypertrophic scars was conducted. Studies of conservative scar managements that applied mechanical forces parallel to the scar surface, including stretching exercise, massage, and splinting, were appraised. Eligible studies published in English between 1995 and 2016 were extracted from The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science direct, SPORTDiscus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale (PEDro). The journals were further screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria. PEDro was selected for further analysis and appraisal.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 853 articles identified. After a standardized screening mechanism stipulated, only nine full-text articles were selected for critical appraisal using PEDro. There were five articles of high quality, two of fair quality, and two of poor quality. Detailed training regime and outcomes of nine studies were summarised, including two studies with stretching exercise, six studies with massage, and one study with splinting. The physical parameters of scar assessments and the range of motion on affected areas were compared.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>From extensive literature search, there was no strong evidence indicating the positive effect of mechanical stretch using stretching exercise, massage, or splinting on hypertrophic scars. A firm conclusion cannot be drawn for the discrepancy of outcome measures and varied effectiveness. Most of the included studies lacked objective evaluation or control group for comparison. Further high quality studies with larger sample size and using standardized measurements are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"29 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36463827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.002
Andy S.K. Cheng , Lauren O.C. Lau , Yvonne N.H. Ma , Rain H. Ngai , Sanne S.L. Fong
Objective/Background
Employed breast cancer survivors (BCS) may experience residual symptoms that can impact their work productivity and quality of life (QoL), but it is unclear whether such associations exist among BCS in Hong Kong. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the symptom burden (cognitive limitation and psychological distress) of employed BCS in HK, and to investigate whether such factors are related to work productivity and QoL.
Methods
A cross-sectional study including employed BCS (n= 30), women with musculoskeletal conditions (n= 30), and healthy women (n= 30) was conducted. Participants completed a questionnaire covering their sociodemographics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cognitive Symptom Checklist, Work Limitation Questionnaire, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30.
Results
The self-perceived cognitive limitations at work of BCS were significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (5.33 vs. 2.60; p< .05). The cognitive limitations in BCS were significantly associated with their QoL (β = –0.320; p= .032). A negative relationship between depression and QoL in BCS was also observed in this study.
Conclusion
This exploratory study provides local evidence that BCS experience greater work-task related cognitive limitations and that is related to QoL. Similar to findings in other countries, this provides insight for the consideration of early identification of cognitive problems in this particular patient group. Further studies may be needed to further substantiate such findings and to examine the effectiveness of potential cognitive interventions.
{"title":"Impact of Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms on Work Productivity and Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors in Hong Kong","authors":"Andy S.K. Cheng , Lauren O.C. Lau , Yvonne N.H. Ma , Rain H. Ngai , Sanne S.L. Fong","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>Employed breast cancer survivors (BCS) may experience residual symptoms that can impact their work productivity and quality of life (QoL), but it is unclear whether such associations exist among BCS in Hong Kong. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the symptom burden (cognitive limitation and psychological distress) of employed BCS in HK, and to investigate whether such factors are related to work productivity and QoL.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study including employed BCS (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> 30), women with musculoskeletal conditions (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> 30), and healthy women (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> 30) was conducted. Participants completed a questionnaire covering their sociodemographics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cognitive Symptom Checklist, Work Limitation Questionnaire, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The self-perceived cognitive limitations at work of BCS were significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (5.33 vs. 2.60; <em>p</em> <em><</em> .05). The cognitive limitations in BCS were significantly associated with their QoL (β <em>=</em> –0.320; <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .032). A negative relationship between depression and QoL in BCS was also observed in this study.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This exploratory study provides local evidence that BCS experience greater work-task related cognitive limitations and that is related to QoL. Similar to findings in other countries, this provides insight for the consideration of early identification of cognitive problems in this particular patient group. Further studies may be needed to further substantiate such findings and to examine the effectiveness of potential cognitive interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"28 ","pages":"Pages 15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36463823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.002
Takeshi Shimada , Ai Nishi , Tomotaka Yoshida , Sachie Tanaka , Masayoshi Kobayashi
Objective/Background
This longitudinal study explored factors influencing the rehospitalisation of patients with schizophrenia in Japan.
Methods
Participants comprised patients with schizophrenia who were discharged from a psychiatric hospital in Japan. The investigations were conducted at the time of discharge and one year later. Demographics and clinical characteristics included the following: the type of occupational therapy (OT) interventions (group and individualized or group only); the assessment scales’ scores on hospitalisation; the community living conditions after discharge; and the contents of outpatient treatment (outpatient OT, day-care treatment, home-visit nursing, and adherence to outpatient treatment and medication). All variables were examined in a binomial logistic regression analysis to identify the factors for rehospitalisation.
Results
The rehospitalisation rate was 31.8%, as 14 of 44 participants were rehospitalised within one year after discharge. The type of OT interventions (OR = 7.05, 95% CI = 1.36–36.69, p = .020) and the adherence to outpatient treatment and medication (OR = 9.48, 95% CI = 1.82–49.33, p = .008) were significant contributing factors to rehospitalisation.
Conclusion
This study provided preliminary support for the finding that individualized occupational therapy and proper adherence to outpatient treatment and medication are associated with reducing the rehospitalisation of patients with schizophrenia in Japan.
目的/背景本纵向研究探讨影响日本精神分裂症患者再住院的因素。方法研究对象为从日本一家精神病院出院的精神分裂症患者。调查分别在出院时和一年后进行。人口统计学和临床特征包括以下内容:职业治疗(OT)干预的类型(组和个体化或仅限组);评估量表住院得分;出院后的社区生活状况;门诊治疗内容(门诊OT、日托治疗、家访护理、门诊治疗依从性及用药依从性)。所有变量在二项逻辑回归分析中进行检查，以确定再住院的因素。结果44例患者出院后1年内再住院14例，再住院率为31.8%。OT干预类型(OR = 7.05, 95% CI = 1.36-36.69, p = 0.020)和门诊治疗及药物依从性(OR = 9.48, 95% CI = 1.82-49.33, p = 0.008)是再住院的显著影响因素。结论本研究初步支持日本精神分裂症患者个体化职业治疗和适当坚持门诊治疗和药物治疗与减少再住院相关的研究结果。
{"title":"Factors Influencing Rehospitalisation of Patients with Schizophrenia in Japan: A 1-year Longitudinal Study","authors":"Takeshi Shimada , Ai Nishi , Tomotaka Yoshida , Sachie Tanaka , Masayoshi Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>This longitudinal study explored factors influencing the rehospitalisation of patients with schizophrenia in Japan.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants comprised patients with schizophrenia who were discharged from a psychiatric hospital in Japan. The investigations were conducted at the time of discharge and one year later. Demographics and clinical characteristics included the following: the type of occupational therapy (OT) interventions (group and individualized or group only); the assessment scales’ scores on hospitalisation; the community living conditions after discharge; and the contents of outpatient treatment (outpatient OT, day-care treatment, home-visit nursing, and adherence to outpatient treatment and medication). All variables were examined in a binomial logistic regression analysis to identify the factors for rehospitalisation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The rehospitalisation rate was 31.8%, as 14 of 44 participants were rehospitalised within one year after discharge. The type of OT interventions (OR = 7.05, 95% CI = 1.36–36.69, <em>p</em> = .020) and the adherence to outpatient treatment and medication (OR = 9.48, 95% CI = 1.82–49.33, <em>p</em> = .008) were significant contributing factors to rehospitalisation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provided preliminary support for the finding that individualized occupational therapy and proper adherence to outpatient treatment and medication are associated with reducing the rehospitalisation of patients with schizophrenia in Japan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"28 ","pages":"Pages 7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36465483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.001
Si-Nae Ahn , Jeong-Weon Lee , Sujin Hwang
Objective/Background
Tactile perception is a basic way to obtain and evaluate information about an object. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tactile perception on brain activation using two different tactile explorations, passive and active touches, in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.
Methods
Twenty patients who were diagnosed with stroke (8 right brain damaged, 12 left brain damaged) participated in this study. The tactile perception was conducted using passive and active explorations in a sitting position. To determine the neurological changes in the brain, this study measured the brain waves of the participants using electroencephalography (EEG).
Results
The relative power of the sensory motor rhythm on the right prefrontal lobe and right parietal lobe was significantly greater during the active tactile exploration compared to the relative power during the passive exploration in the left damaged hemisphere. Most of the measured brain areas showed nonsignificantly higher relative power of the sensory motor rhythm during the active tactile exploration, regardless of which hemisphere was damaged.
Conclusion
The results of this study provided a neurophysiological evidence on tactile perception in individuals with chronic stroke. Occupational therapists should consider an active tactile exploration as a useful modality on occupational performance in rehabilitation training.
{"title":"Tactile Perception for Stroke Induce Changes in Electroencephalography","authors":"Si-Nae Ahn , Jeong-Weon Lee , Sujin Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>Tactile perception is a basic way to obtain and evaluate information about an object. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tactile perception on brain activation using two different tactile explorations, passive and active touches, in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty patients who were diagnosed with stroke (8 right brain damaged, 12 left brain damaged) participated in this study. The tactile perception was conducted using passive and active explorations in a sitting position. To determine the neurological changes in the brain, this study measured the brain waves of the participants using electroencephalography (EEG).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The relative power of the sensory motor rhythm on the right prefrontal lobe and right parietal lobe was significantly greater during the active tactile exploration compared to the relative power during the passive exploration in the left damaged hemisphere. Most of the measured brain areas showed nonsignificantly higher relative power of the sensory motor rhythm during the active tactile exploration, regardless of which hemisphere was damaged.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results of this study provided a neurophysiological evidence on tactile perception in individuals with chronic stroke. Occupational therapists should consider an active tactile exploration as a useful modality on occupational performance in rehabilitation training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"28 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36465482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.08.001
Se-Yun Kim , Eun-Young Yoo , Min-Ye Jung , Soo-Hyun Park , Jae-Shin Lee , Ji-Yeon Lee
Objective
This pilot study examined the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity of the Activity Participation Assessment (APA) for school-age children in Korea.
Methods
The construct validity of the APA was first established by factor analysis on the response of 134 nondisabled children. Internal consistency was evaluated for each of the factors. A test–retest study was conducted on 22 nondisabled children. Discriminant validity was established by comparing the participation of 56 nondisabled children and 56 children with intellectual disabilities and examining sex differences of 61 boys and 61 girls.
Results
Analysis of the APA revealed five factors, which were labeled as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and school activities, social activities, and personal care. The factors showed acceptable levels of internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .63–.89). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the five factors were all in the good range (ICC = .86–.92). We found statistically significant difference between nondisabled children and children with intellectual disabilities in five factors. We also found that girls participated in significantly more IADL, hobbies and school activities, and social activities. However, boys participated in significantly more sports and outdoor activities.
Conclusion
The APA shows good internal reliability, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity, and construct validity. However, evidence of psychometric properties was limited by a small sample size. Psychometric properties such as interrater reliability as well as concurrent validity and construct validity need to be tested using a larger sample size with representative demographics.
{"title":"Reliability and Validity of the Activity Participation Assessment for School-age Children in Korea","authors":"Se-Yun Kim , Eun-Young Yoo , Min-Ye Jung , Soo-Hyun Park , Jae-Shin Lee , Ji-Yeon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This pilot study examined the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity of the Activity Participation Assessment (APA) for school-age children in Korea.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The construct validity of the APA was first established by factor analysis on the response of 134 nondisabled children. Internal consistency was evaluated for each of the factors. A test–retest study was conducted on 22 nondisabled children. Discriminant validity was established by comparing the participation of 56 nondisabled children and 56 children with intellectual disabilities and examining sex differences of 61 boys and 61 girls.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Analysis of the APA revealed five factors, which were labeled as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and school activities, social activities, and personal care. The factors showed acceptable levels of internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .63–.89). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the five factors were all in the good range (ICC = .86–.92). We found statistically significant difference between nondisabled children and children with intellectual disabilities in five factors. We also found that girls participated in significantly more IADL, hobbies and school activities, and social activities. However, boys participated in significantly more sports and outdoor activities.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The APA shows good internal reliability, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity, and construct validity. However, evidence of psychometric properties was limited by a small sample size. Psychometric properties such as interrater reliability as well as concurrent validity and construct validity need to be tested using a larger sample size with representative demographics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"28 ","pages":"Pages 33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36463825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of standard earmuffs and noise-cancelling (NC) headphones in controlling behavioural problems related to hyper-reactivity to auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods
Twenty-one children with ASD aged 4–16 years (16 boys and 5 girls), after a 2-week nonwearing baseline period, were asked to use standard earmuffs and NC headphones for 2 weeks, in a random order. Parents or teachers rated participants' behaviours that were related to their reaction to auditory stimuli.
Results
Four participants refused to wear either the earmuffs or the NC headphones. It was found that the T-score on the Goal Attainment Scaling was significantly higher during the earmuff period than that in the baseline period (Z = 2.726, p = .006). The behaviours of 5 children with ASD improved during the NC headphone period as compared with those in the baseline period; there were no differences in the T-scores on the Goal Attainment Scaling between the NC headphone period and the baseline period (Z = 1.689, p = .091) and between the earmuff and NC headphone periods (Z = −0.451, p = .678).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of standard earmuffs and NC headphones in helping children with ASD to cope with problem behaviours related to hyper-reactivity to auditory stimuli, therefore, children with ASD could use earmuffs to help to deal with unpleasant sensory auditory stimuli.
目的/背景本初步研究的目的是检验标准耳罩和降噪耳机在控制自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童与听觉刺激超反应性相关的行为问题方面的有效性。方法21名4-16岁的ASD儿童(男孩16名，女孩5名)，在2周的不佩戴基线期后，随机选择使用标准耳罩和NC耳机2周。家长或老师对参与者的行为与他们对听觉刺激的反应进行打分。结果四名参与者拒绝戴耳罩或NC耳机。结果发现，耳罩期目标实现量表t得分显著高于基线期(Z = 2.726, p = 0.006)。5例ASD患儿在使用NC耳机期间的行为较基线期有所改善;在目标实现量表上，NC耳机组与基线组(Z = 1.689, p = 0.091)、耳罩组与NC耳机组(Z = - 0.451, p = 0.678)的t得分均无差异。结论标准耳罩和NC耳机在帮助ASD儿童应对听觉刺激超反应性问题行为方面是有效的，因此，ASD儿童可以使用耳罩来帮助应对不愉快的感觉听觉刺激。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Earmuffs and Noise-cancelling Headphones for Coping with Hyper-reactivity to Auditory Stimuli in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Nobuhiko Ikuta , Ryoichiro Iwanaga , Akiko Tokunaga , Hideyuki Nakane , Koji Tanaka , Goro Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of standard earmuffs and noise-cancelling (NC) headphones in controlling behavioural problems related to hyper-reactivity to auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-one children with ASD aged 4–16 years (16 boys and 5 girls), after a 2-week nonwearing baseline period, were asked to use standard earmuffs and NC headphones for 2 weeks, in a random order. Parents or teachers rated participants' behaviours that were related to their reaction to auditory stimuli.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four participants refused to wear either the earmuffs or the NC headphones. It was found that the T-score on the Goal Attainment Scaling was significantly higher during the earmuff period than that in the baseline period (Z = 2.726, <em>p</em> = .006). The behaviours of 5 children with ASD improved during the NC headphone period as compared with those in the baseline period; there were no differences in the T-scores on the Goal Attainment Scaling between the NC headphone period and the baseline period (Z = 1.689, <em>p</em> = .091) and between the earmuff and NC headphone periods (Z = −0.451, <em>p</em> = .678).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrated the effectiveness of standard earmuffs and NC headphones in helping children with ASD to cope with problem behaviours related to hyper-reactivity to auditory stimuli, therefore, children with ASD could use earmuffs to help to deal with unpleasant sensory auditory stimuli.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"28 ","pages":"Pages 24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36463824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to examine the relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to both pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods
Twenty children with ASD aged between 3 years and 7.11 years were assessed with the ToM test, and then placed in a free play condition and a pretend play condition to assess pretend play and playfulness with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Test of Playfulness, respectively. In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test—second edition, respectively.
Results
The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (R2 = .158, p = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (R2 = .175, p = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (R2 = .075, p = .034), as well as the internal control (R2 = .125, p = .006) and framing (R2 = .071, p = .039) variables of playfulness.
Conclusion
The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity.
目的/背景本研究旨在探讨自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的心理理论(ToM)与假装游戏和玩性的关系。方法对20例3 ~ 7.11岁的ASD儿童进行ToM测试，并将其分为自由游戏环境和假装游戏环境，分别采用儿童主动假装游戏评估法和游戏性测试法对儿童的假装游戏和游戏性进行评估。此外，还分别用儿童自闭症评定量表(CARS)和接受和表达词汇测试(第二版)对儿童的ASD症状严重程度和语言能力进行了评估。结果回归分析结果证实，ToM对模拟游戏变量“物体替换次数”(R2 = .158, p = .002)和“模仿动作次数”(R2 = .175, p = .001)有显著预测作用，但对“可玩性”无显著预测作用。CARS分数是模拟游戏中复杂模拟游戏动作百分比(R2 = 0.075, p = 0.034)以及游戏性的内部控制(R2 = 0.125, p = 0.006)和框架(R2 = 0.071, p = 0.039)变量的显著预测因子。结论这些发现支持了这样的观点，即具有较好ToM的ASD儿童可能能够发展更好的假装游戏，但不是更好的游戏性，这可能与他们的自闭症严重程度有更强的关系。
{"title":"Theory of Mind Deficit Is Associated with Pretend Play Performance, but Not Playfulness, in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Ping-Chen Chan , Cheng-Te Chen , Hua Feng , Ya-Chen Lee , Kuan-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>This study aimed to examine the relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to both pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty children with ASD aged between 3 years and 7.11 years were assessed with the ToM test, and then placed in a free play condition and a pretend play condition to assess pretend play and playfulness with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Test of Playfulness, respectively. In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test—second edition, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .158, <em>p</em> = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .175, <em>p</em> = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .075, <em>p</em> = .034), as well as the internal control (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .125, <em>p</em> = .006) and framing (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .071, <em>p</em> = .039) variables of playfulness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"28 ","pages":"Pages 43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36463826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.03.002
Thuy Anh Giang , Alan Wei Guang Ong , Karthikeyan Krishnamurthy , Kenneth N.K. Fong
Objective/Background
To review the evidence of rehabilitation interventions for the management of poststroke hand oedema.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of research articles in electronic databases published in English between 1999 and 2015. Two investigators working independently retrieved articles from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL, Springer (MetaPress), ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE Journals Online, EBSCO, and Web of Science. Only controlled trials with outcome measures and interventions for poststroke hand oedema were included. Three investigators critically appraised the selected studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale.
Results
Of the 189 articles identified, nine (5 randomized controlled trials, 3 nonrandomized controlled trials, and 1 crossover controlled trial) were selected. These studies are heterogeneous in terms of design and types of intervention for poststroke hand oedema. The interventions reducing hand oedema are Lycra pressure garments with glove splints, bilateral passive motion upper-limb exercises, laser therapy, and acupressure. However, due to these studies' short intervention periods and the fact that hand oedema is not their primary outcome measure, it is not possible to draw a firm conclusion on their clinical significance for managing poststroke hand oedema.
Conclusion
Further study needs to focus solely on interventions for poststroke hand oedema and their long-term effects. No conclusion can be made on the most effective management of poststroke hand oedema until much more evidence is available.
目的/背景回顾康复干预治疗脑卒中后手部水肿的证据。方法对1999 - 2015年发表的英文电子数据库研究论文进行系统回顾。两位独立工作的研究者从Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, Taylor &Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL, b施普林格(MetaPress)， ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE Journals Online, EBSCO和Web of Science。仅纳入了卒中后手部水肿的结果测量和干预措施的对照试验。三位研究者使用物理治疗证据数据库量表对选定的研究进行了批判性评价。结果共纳入189篇文献，共选择9篇(5篇随机对照试验，3篇非随机对照试验，1篇交叉对照试验)。这些研究在卒中后手部水肿干预的设计和类型方面存在差异。减少手部水肿的干预措施是莱卡压力服配手套夹板，双侧被动上肢运动，激光治疗和指压。然而，由于这些研究的干预期较短，且手部水肿并非其主要结局指标，因此尚不能确定其对脑卒中后手部水肿治疗的临床意义。结论脑卒中后手水肿的干预措施及其远期效果有待进一步研究。在获得更多的证据之前，尚不能对中风后手部水肿的最有效治疗作出结论。
{"title":"Rehabilitation Interventions for Poststroke Hand Oedema: A Systematic Review","authors":"Thuy Anh Giang , Alan Wei Guang Ong , Karthikeyan Krishnamurthy , Kenneth N.K. Fong","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>To review the evidence of rehabilitation interventions for the management of poststroke hand oedema.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a systematic review of research articles in electronic databases published in English between 1999 and 2015. Two investigators working independently retrieved articles from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL, Springer (MetaPress), ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE Journals Online, EBSCO, and Web of Science. Only controlled trials with outcome measures and interventions for poststroke hand oedema were included. Three investigators critically appraised the selected studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 189 articles identified, nine (5 randomized controlled trials, 3 nonrandomized controlled trials, and 1 crossover controlled trial) were selected. These studies are heterogeneous in terms of design and types of intervention for poststroke hand oedema. The interventions reducing hand oedema are Lycra pressure garments with glove splints, bilateral passive motion upper-limb exercises, laser therapy, and acupressure. However, due to these studies' short intervention periods and the fact that hand oedema is not their primary outcome measure, it is not possible to draw a firm conclusion on their clinical significance for managing poststroke hand oedema.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further study needs to focus solely on interventions for poststroke hand oedema and their long-term effects. No conclusion can be made on the most effective management of poststroke hand oedema until much more evidence is available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"27 ","pages":"Pages 7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36465477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article was to analyze the needs of hospitalized adolescents with cancer in relation to the performance of meaningful activities as well as to explore the possible scenarios of occupational deprivation in hospital paediatric wards.
Methods
The study follows an ethnographical research approach using two techniques: participant observation and in-depth interviews, with constant comparison by data triangulation. Eight adolescents diagnosed with cancer aged between 15 years and 19 years (5 males and 3 females) were recruited from Toledo and Madrid in Spain.
Results
Five themes revealing the needs of adolescents with cancer in hospital environments were identified: (a) educational needs, (b) leisure needs, (c) physical space of the rooms, (d) interaction with medical personnel, and (e) lack of specific wards for adolescents.
Conclusion
The lack of variety and availability of educational activities and leisure, and the subsequent changes of the individual physical, social, and cultural environments could cause situations of occupational deprivation, and also affect the health and quality of life of the individuals.
{"title":"Adolescents with Cancer and Occupational Deprivation in Hospital Settings: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Pedro Moruno Miralles , Nieves Cedenilla Ramón , Sandra Aranda Valero","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>The aim of this article was to analyze the needs of hospitalized adolescents with cancer in relation to the performance of meaningful activities as well as to explore the possible scenarios of occupational deprivation in hospital paediatric wards.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study follows an ethnographical research approach using two techniques: participant observation and in-depth interviews, with constant comparison by data triangulation. Eight adolescents diagnosed with cancer aged between 15 years and 19 years (5 males and 3 females) were recruited from Toledo and Madrid in Spain.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Five themes revealing the needs of adolescents with cancer in hospital environments were identified: (a) educational needs, (b) leisure needs, (c) physical space of the rooms, (d) interaction with medical personnel, and (e) lack of specific wards for adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The lack of variety and availability of educational activities and leisure, and the subsequent changes of the individual physical, social, and cultural environments could cause situations of occupational deprivation, and also affect the health and quality of life of the individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"27 ","pages":"Pages 26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36465479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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