Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献_第4页

Factors Influencing Rehospitalisation of Patients with Schizophrenia in Japan: A 1-year Longitudinal Study 影响日本精神分裂症患者再住院的因素:一项为期1年的纵向研究

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.002

Takeshi Shimada , Ai Nishi , Tomotaka Yoshida , Sachie Tanaka , Masayoshi Kobayashi

Objective/Background

This longitudinal study explored factors influencing the rehospitalisation of patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

Methods

Participants comprised patients with schizophrenia who were discharged from a psychiatric hospital in Japan. The investigations were conducted at the time of discharge and one year later. Demographics and clinical characteristics included the following: the type of occupational therapy (OT) interventions (group and individualized or group only); the assessment scales’ scores on hospitalisation; the community living conditions after discharge; and the contents of outpatient treatment (outpatient OT, day-care treatment, home-visit nursing, and adherence to outpatient treatment and medication). All variables were examined in a binomial logistic regression analysis to identify the factors for rehospitalisation.

Results

The rehospitalisation rate was 31.8%, as 14 of 44 participants were rehospitalised within one year after discharge. The type of OT interventions (OR = 7.05, 95% CI = 1.36–36.69, p = .020) and the adherence to outpatient treatment and medication (OR = 9.48, 95% CI = 1.82–49.33, p = .008) were significant contributing factors to rehospitalisation.

Conclusion

This study provided preliminary support for the finding that individualized occupational therapy and proper adherence to outpatient treatment and medication are associated with reducing the rehospitalisation of patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

目的/背景本纵向研究探讨影响日本精神分裂症患者再住院的因素。方法研究对象为从日本一家精神病院出院的精神分裂症患者。调查分别在出院时和一年后进行。人口统计学和临床特征包括以下内容:职业治疗(OT)干预的类型(组和个体化或仅限组);评估量表住院得分;出院后的社区生活状况;门诊治疗内容(门诊OT、日托治疗、家访护理、门诊治疗依从性及用药依从性)。所有变量在二项逻辑回归分析中进行检查，以确定再住院的因素。结果44例患者出院后1年内再住院14例，再住院率为31.8%。OT干预类型(OR = 7.05, 95% CI = 1.36-36.69, p = 0.020)和门诊治疗及药物依从性(OR = 9.48, 95% CI = 1.82-49.33, p = 0.008)是再住院的显著影响因素。结论本研究初步支持日本精神分裂症患者个体化职业治疗和适当坚持门诊治疗和药物治疗与减少再住院相关的研究结果。

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引用次数: 8

Reliability and Validity of the Activity Participation Assessment for School-age Children in Korea 韩国学龄儿童活动参与评估的信度与效度

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.08.001

Se-Yun Kim , Eun-Young Yoo , Min-Ye Jung , Soo-Hyun Park , Jae-Shin Lee , Ji-Yeon Lee

Objective

This pilot study examined the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity of the Activity Participation Assessment (APA) for school-age children in Korea.

Methods

The construct validity of the APA was first established by factor analysis on the response of 134 nondisabled children. Internal consistency was evaluated for each of the factors. A test–retest study was conducted on 22 nondisabled children. Discriminant validity was established by comparing the participation of 56 nondisabled children and 56 children with intellectual disabilities and examining sex differences of 61 boys and 61 girls.

Results

Analysis of the APA revealed five factors, which were labeled as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and school activities, social activities, and personal care. The factors showed acceptable levels of internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .63–.89). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the five factors were all in the good range (ICC = .86–.92). We found statistically significant difference between nondisabled children and children with intellectual disabilities in five factors. We also found that girls participated in significantly more IADL, hobbies and school activities, and social activities. However, boys participated in significantly more sports and outdoor activities.

Conclusion

The APA shows good internal reliability, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity, and construct validity. However, evidence of psychometric properties was limited by a small sample size. Psychometric properties such as interrater reliability as well as concurrent validity and construct validity need to be tested using a larger sample size with representative demographics.

目的本初步研究检验韩国学龄儿童活动参与评估(APA)的内部一致性、重测信度、结构效度和判别效度。方法通过对134名非残疾儿童的反应进行因子分析，初步确定APA的结构效度。对每个因素进行内部一致性评价。对22名非残疾儿童进行了复试研究。通过比较56名非残疾儿童和56名智力残疾儿童的参与情况，并考察61名男孩和61名女孩的性别差异，建立了判别效度。结果APA分析显示了日常生活工具性活动(instrumental activities of daily living, IADL)、体育与户外活动、爱好与学校活动、社会活动和个人护理五个因素。这些因素显示出可接受的内部信度水平(Cronbach's alpha = 0.63 - 0.89)。5个因子的类内相关系数(ICC)均在良好范围内(ICC = 0.86 ~ 0.92)。我们发现非残疾儿童和智力残疾儿童在五个因素上有统计学上的显著差异。我们还发现，女孩明显更多地参与日常生活，爱好和学校活动，以及社会活动。然而，男孩参加的运动和户外活动明显更多。结论APA具有良好的内部信度、重测信度、判别效度和结构效度。然而，心理测量特性的证据受到小样本量的限制。心理测量特性，如互译者信度、并发效度和结构效度，需要使用具有代表性的人口统计学的更大样本量进行测试。

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引用次数: 6

Tactile Perception for Stroke Induce Changes in Electroencephalography 触感诱发脑卒中的脑电图变化

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.10.001

Si-Nae Ahn , Jeong-Weon Lee , Sujin Hwang

Objective/Background

Tactile perception is a basic way to obtain and evaluate information about an object. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tactile perception on brain activation using two different tactile explorations, passive and active touches, in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.

Methods

Twenty patients who were diagnosed with stroke (8 right brain damaged, 12 left brain damaged) participated in this study. The tactile perception was conducted using passive and active explorations in a sitting position. To determine the neurological changes in the brain, this study measured the brain waves of the participants using electroencephalography (EEG).

Results

The relative power of the sensory motor rhythm on the right prefrontal lobe and right parietal lobe was significantly greater during the active tactile exploration compared to the relative power during the passive exploration in the left damaged hemisphere. Most of the measured brain areas showed nonsignificantly higher relative power of the sensory motor rhythm during the active tactile exploration, regardless of which hemisphere was damaged.

Conclusion

The results of this study provided a neurophysiological evidence on tactile perception in individuals with chronic stroke. Occupational therapists should consider an active tactile exploration as a useful modality on occupational performance in rehabilitation training.

目标/背景触觉感知是获取和评价物体信息的基本途径。本研究的目的是研究触觉感知对慢性偏瘫中风患者大脑激活的影响，采用两种不同的触觉探索，被动和主动触摸。方法对20例脑卒中患者(右脑损伤8例，左脑损伤12例)进行研究。触觉感知是通过坐姿的被动和主动探索来进行的。为了确定大脑的神经变化，这项研究使用脑电图(EEG)测量了参与者的脑电波。结果左侧损伤半球在主动触觉探索时，右侧前额叶和顶叶的感觉运动节律的相对功率显著高于被动探索时的相对功率。在主动触觉探索过程中，无论哪个半球受损，大多数测量的脑区都显示出相对较高的感觉运动节律强度。结论本研究结果为慢性脑卒中患者的触觉知觉提供了神经生理学依据。在康复训练中，职业治疗师应考虑将主动触觉探索作为提高职业表现的一种有效方式。

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引用次数: 7

Effectiveness of Earmuffs and Noise-cancelling Headphones for Coping with Hyper-reactivity to Auditory Stimuli in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study 耳罩和降噪耳机对自闭症谱系障碍儿童听觉刺激高反应性的影响:初步研究

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.001

Nobuhiko Ikuta , Ryoichiro Iwanaga , Akiko Tokunaga , Hideyuki Nakane , Koji Tanaka , Goro Tanaka

Objective/Background

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of standard earmuffs and noise-cancelling (NC) headphones in controlling behavioural problems related to hyper-reactivity to auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods

Twenty-one children with ASD aged 4–16 years (16 boys and 5 girls), after a 2-week nonwearing baseline period, were asked to use standard earmuffs and NC headphones for 2 weeks, in a random order. Parents or teachers rated participants' behaviours that were related to their reaction to auditory stimuli.

Results

Four participants refused to wear either the earmuffs or the NC headphones. It was found that the T-score on the Goal Attainment Scaling was significantly higher during the earmuff period than that in the baseline period (Z = 2.726, p = .006). The behaviours of 5 children with ASD improved during the NC headphone period as compared with those in the baseline period; there were no differences in the T-scores on the Goal Attainment Scaling between the NC headphone period and the baseline period (Z = 1.689, p = .091) and between the earmuff and NC headphone periods (Z = −0.451, p = .678).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of standard earmuffs and NC headphones in helping children with ASD to cope with problem behaviours related to hyper-reactivity to auditory stimuli, therefore, children with ASD could use earmuffs to help to deal with unpleasant sensory auditory stimuli.

目的/背景本初步研究的目的是检验标准耳罩和降噪耳机在控制自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童与听觉刺激超反应性相关的行为问题方面的有效性。方法21名4-16岁的ASD儿童(男孩16名，女孩5名)，在2周的不佩戴基线期后，随机选择使用标准耳罩和NC耳机2周。家长或老师对参与者的行为与他们对听觉刺激的反应进行打分。结果四名参与者拒绝戴耳罩或NC耳机。结果发现，耳罩期目标实现量表t得分显著高于基线期(Z = 2.726, p = 0.006)。5例ASD患儿在使用NC耳机期间的行为较基线期有所改善;在目标实现量表上，NC耳机组与基线组(Z = 1.689, p = 0.091)、耳罩组与NC耳机组(Z = - 0.451, p = 0.678)的t得分均无差异。结论标准耳罩和NC耳机在帮助ASD儿童应对听觉刺激超反应性问题行为方面是有效的，因此，ASD儿童可以使用耳罩来帮助应对不愉快的感觉听觉刺激。

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引用次数: 26

Theory of Mind Deficit Is Associated with Pretend Play Performance, but Not Playfulness, in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 自闭症谱系障碍儿童的心理理论缺陷与假装游戏表现有关，但与游戏无关

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002

Ping-Chen Chan , Cheng-Te Chen , Hua Feng , Ya-Chen Lee , Kuan-Lin Chen

Objective/Background

This study aimed to examine the relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to both pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods

Twenty children with ASD aged between 3 years and 7.11 years were assessed with the ToM test, and then placed in a free play condition and a pretend play condition to assess pretend play and playfulness with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Test of Playfulness, respectively. In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test—second edition, respectively.

Results

The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (R² = .158, p = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (R² = .175, p = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (R² = .075, p = .034), as well as the internal control (R² = .125, p = .006) and framing (R² = .071, p = .039) variables of playfulness.

Conclusion

The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity.

目的/背景本研究旨在探讨自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的心理理论(ToM)与假装游戏和玩性的关系。方法对20例3 ~ 7.11岁的ASD儿童进行ToM测试，并将其分为自由游戏环境和假装游戏环境，分别采用儿童主动假装游戏评估法和游戏性测试法对儿童的假装游戏和游戏性进行评估。此外，还分别用儿童自闭症评定量表(CARS)和接受和表达词汇测试(第二版)对儿童的ASD症状严重程度和语言能力进行了评估。结果回归分析结果证实，ToM对模拟游戏变量“物体替换次数”(R2 = .158, p = .002)和“模仿动作次数”(R2 = .175, p = .001)有显著预测作用，但对“可玩性”无显著预测作用。CARS分数是模拟游戏中复杂模拟游戏动作百分比(R2 = 0.075, p = 0.034)以及游戏性的内部控制(R2 = 0.125, p = 0.006)和框架(R2 = 0.071, p = 0.039)变量的显著预测因子。结论这些发现支持了这样的观点，即具有较好ToM的ASD儿童可能能够发展更好的假装游戏，但不是更好的游戏性，这可能与他们的自闭症严重程度有更强的关系。

{"title":"Theory of Mind Deficit Is Associated with Pretend Play Performance, but Not Playfulness, in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Ping-Chen Chan , Cheng-Te Chen , Hua Feng , Ya-Chen Lee , Kuan-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>This study aimed to examine the relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to both pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty children with ASD aged between 3 years and 7.11 years were assessed with the ToM test, and then placed in a free play condition and a pretend play condition to assess pretend play and playfulness with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Test of Playfulness, respectively. In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test—second edition, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .158, <em>p</em> = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .175, <em>p</em> = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .075, <em>p</em> = .034), as well as the internal control (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .125, <em>p</em> = .006) and framing (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .071, <em>p</em> = .039) variables of playfulness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36463826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Rehabilitation Interventions for Poststroke Hand Oedema: A Systematic Review 脑卒中后手水肿的康复干预:一项系统综述

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.03.002

Thuy Anh Giang , Alan Wei Guang Ong , Karthikeyan Krishnamurthy , Kenneth N.K. Fong

Objective/Background

To review the evidence of rehabilitation interventions for the management of poststroke hand oedema.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of research articles in electronic databases published in English between 1999 and 2015. Two investigators working independently retrieved articles from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL, Springer (MetaPress), ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE Journals Online, EBSCO, and Web of Science. Only controlled trials with outcome measures and interventions for poststroke hand oedema were included. Three investigators critically appraised the selected studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale.

Results

Of the 189 articles identified, nine (5 randomized controlled trials, 3 nonrandomized controlled trials, and 1 crossover controlled trial) were selected. These studies are heterogeneous in terms of design and types of intervention for poststroke hand oedema. The interventions reducing hand oedema are Lycra pressure garments with glove splints, bilateral passive motion upper-limb exercises, laser therapy, and acupressure. However, due to these studies' short intervention periods and the fact that hand oedema is not their primary outcome measure, it is not possible to draw a firm conclusion on their clinical significance for managing poststroke hand oedema.

Conclusion

Further study needs to focus solely on interventions for poststroke hand oedema and their long-term effects. No conclusion can be made on the most effective management of poststroke hand oedema until much more evidence is available.

目的/背景回顾康复干预治疗脑卒中后手部水肿的证据。方法对1999 - 2015年发表的英文电子数据库研究论文进行系统回顾。两位独立工作的研究者从Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, Taylor &Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL, b施普林格(MetaPress)， ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE Journals Online, EBSCO和Web of Science。仅纳入了卒中后手部水肿的结果测量和干预措施的对照试验。三位研究者使用物理治疗证据数据库量表对选定的研究进行了批判性评价。结果共纳入189篇文献，共选择9篇(5篇随机对照试验，3篇非随机对照试验，1篇交叉对照试验)。这些研究在卒中后手部水肿干预的设计和类型方面存在差异。减少手部水肿的干预措施是莱卡压力服配手套夹板，双侧被动上肢运动，激光治疗和指压。然而，由于这些研究的干预期较短，且手部水肿并非其主要结局指标，因此尚不能确定其对脑卒中后手部水肿治疗的临床意义。结论脑卒中后手水肿的干预措施及其远期效果有待进一步研究。在获得更多的证据之前，尚不能对中风后手部水肿的最有效治疗作出结论。

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引用次数: 4

Adolescents with Cancer and Occupational Deprivation in Hospital Settings: A Qualitative Study 青少年癌症和职业剥夺在医院设置:一个定性研究

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.05.001

Pedro Moruno Miralles , Nieves Cedenilla Ramón , Sandra Aranda Valero

Objective/Background

The aim of this article was to analyze the needs of hospitalized adolescents with cancer in relation to the performance of meaningful activities as well as to explore the possible scenarios of occupational deprivation in hospital paediatric wards.

Methods

The study follows an ethnographical research approach using two techniques: participant observation and in-depth interviews, with constant comparison by data triangulation. Eight adolescents diagnosed with cancer aged between 15 years and 19 years (5 males and 3 females) were recruited from Toledo and Madrid in Spain.

Results

Five themes revealing the needs of adolescents with cancer in hospital environments were identified: (a) educational needs, (b) leisure needs, (c) physical space of the rooms, (d) interaction with medical personnel, and (e) lack of specific wards for adolescents.

Conclusion

The lack of variety and availability of educational activities and leisure, and the subsequent changes of the individual physical, social, and cultural environments could cause situations of occupational deprivation, and also affect the health and quality of life of the individuals.

目的/背景本文的目的是分析住院的青少年癌症患者在有意义的活动表现方面的需求，并探讨医院儿科病房职业剥夺的可能情况。方法采用民族志研究方法，采用两种技术:参与式观察和深度访谈，并通过数据三角测量进行持续比较。从西班牙托莱多和马德里招募了8名年龄在15至19岁之间被诊断患有癌症的青少年(5名男性和3名女性)。结果确定了五个主题，揭示了癌症青少年在医院环境中的需求:(a)教育需求，(b)休闲需求，(c)房间的物理空间，(d)与医务人员的互动，以及(e)缺乏专门的青少年病房。结论教育活动和休闲活动的多样性和可获得性的缺乏，以及随之而来的个人身体、社会和文化环境的变化，可能导致职业剥夺的情况，也会影响个人的健康和生活质量。

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引用次数: 13

Relationships Between Depression and Stress Factors in Housework and Paid Work Among Japanese Women 日本女性家务劳动与有偿工作中抑郁与压力因素的关系

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.03.001

Aiko Hoshino , Shigeaki Amano , Kunifumi Suzuki , Mami Suwa

Objective/Background

The prevalence of depression in women is two times as much as that in men. However, the rehabilitation programme for return to work for patients with depression in Japan mainly focuses on male individuals. Japanese working women usually have the central role in housework in addition to paid work. Therefore, we hypothesized that Japanese working women with depression need a support programme for housework as well as paid work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress factors relevant to the existence of depression, in both paid work and housework, among working women.

Methods

This study recruited 35 women with depression and 35 women without depression. We carried out a cross-sectional investigation with two questionnaires having the same structure: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (for paid work) and the NIOSH Generic Housekeeping Labor Stress Questionnaire (for housework). We extracted the stress factors contributing to the existence of depression using logistic regression.

Results

Three stress factors were found—two in housework, and one in paid work. In housework, variance in workload and underutilization of abilities were associated with the presence of depression. In paid work, interpersonal conflict was an associated factor.

Conclusion

Rehabilitation programmes involving variance in workload and under self-evaluation in housework, and interpersonal conflict in paid work must be adequately addressed to support working women with depression.

目的/背景女性抑郁症的患病率是男性的两倍。然而，日本的抑郁症患者重返工作岗位的康复方案主要侧重于男性个体。日本的职业女性除了有报酬的工作外，通常在家务中扮演核心角色。因此，我们假设患有抑郁症的日本职业女性需要家务和有偿工作的支持计划。本研究旨在探讨职业女性在有偿工作和家务劳动中与抑郁存在相关的压力因素。方法本研究招募了35名女性抑郁症患者和35名女性非抑郁症患者。我们采用两份结构相同的问卷进行横断面调查:美国国家职业安全与卫生研究所(NIOSH)通用工作压力问卷(有偿工作)和NIOSH通用家务劳动压力问卷(家务劳动)。我们使用逻辑回归提取导致抑郁存在的压力因素。结果发现3个压力因素，2个来自家务劳动，1个来自有偿工作。在家务劳动中，工作量的差异和能力的未充分利用与抑郁的存在有关。在有偿工作中，人际冲突是一个相关因素。结论应充分解决家务劳动工作量差异、自我评价不足、有偿工作人际冲突等因素对职业女性抑郁症患者的康复支持。

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引用次数: 19

Awareness and Knowledge of Occupational Therapy Among Nigerian Medical and Health Sciences Undergraduates 尼日利亚医学和健康科学本科生对职业治疗的认识和知识

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.02.001

Olumide Ayoola Olaoye, Anne A.I. Emechete, Ayodele Teslim Onigbinde, Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada

Objective/Background

Consequent to the introduction of occupational therapy (OT) training programmes in Nigeria in the past decade, this study sought to assess the awareness and knowledge of Nigerian medical and other health career undergraduates about OT.

Methods

Three hundred and eighty-one undergraduates and students of other health disciplines from the College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria responded to a validated three section questionnaire assessing their awareness and knowledge about OT. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and percentages and inferential statistics of chi-square test of association.

Results

The mean age of the respondents was 20.96 ± 2.88 years. Over 80% of the respondents were aware of the OT profession, with higher rates among male respondents (83.7%), students in the 2nd year of study (94.7%), and those in the medical rehabilitation programme (99.1%). Amongst the respondents, < 40% had good knowledge of OT while a majority had knowledge ranging from poor to moderate (62.7%). Respondents' course of study and level of study were significantly associated with awareness and knowledge about OT.

Conclusion

Nigerian medical and health sciences undergraduates had high awareness, but poor to moderate knowledge about the OT profession, roles, and work settings. Level of awareness and knowledge about OT were significantly influenced by the rehabilitation-related course of study and lower level of study. Replication of similar studies in countries with different cultural backgrounds is suggested.

在过去的十年中，尼日利亚引入了职业治疗(OT)培训项目，本研究试图评估尼日利亚医学和其他卫生职业本科生对职业治疗的认识和知识。方法尼日利亚奥巴费米·阿沃洛沃大学(OAU)健康科学学院的381名本科生和其他卫生学科的学生填写了一份经验证的三部分问卷，以评估他们对OT的认识和知识。对收集到的资料进行均值、百分比描述性统计和关联卡方检验的推理统计分析。结果调查对象的平均年龄为20.96±2.88岁。超过80%的回答者知道护理专业，其中男性回答者(83.7%)、二年级学生(94.7%)和医疗康复专业学生(99.1%)的比例较高。在受访者中，<40%的人对OT有良好的了解，而大多数人(62.7%)对OT的了解从差到中等不等。被调查者的学习课程和学习水平与OT的意识和知识显著相关。结论尼日利亚医学卫生专业大学生对职业、角色、工作环境的认知程度较高，但知识水平较低。康复相关的学习课程和较低的学习水平对OT的认知和知识水平有显著影响。建议在不同文化背景的国家进行类似的研究。

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引用次数: 20

Enhancing Occupational Therapy Students' Knowledge, Competence, Awareness, and Interest in Accessibility 提高职业治疗学生对可及性的知识、能力、意识和兴趣

IF 0.4 4区医学 Q2 Health Professions

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.04.001

Michal Avrech Bar, Navah Z. Ratzon

Objective/Background

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the incorporation of an environmental assessment for accessibility, as part of an “Activity Analysis” course, would enhance new students' knowledge, competence, awareness, and interest in accessibility issues for people with disabilities.

Methods

In this research, we included an out-of-class training of environmental assessment for accessibility. One hundred and two 1st-year occupational therapy students at Tel Aviv University participated in this research. Of the 102 participants, 56 experienced the training and 46 did not but attended the regular Activity Analysis course. The students explored a typical community environment, during which a specific checklist was used for assessing levels of accessibility. The “Accessibility-Knowledge Competence Awareness and Interests” questionnaire was administered before and after the course to both groups.

Results

Students who participated in the out-of-class training showed significant increases in their knowledge, competence, and partial awareness of accessibility and also had better grades in two separate courses that required knowledge of accessibility. There was no significant difference in the results of the Accessibility-Knowledge Competence Awareness and Interests before and after the Activity Analysis course in the control group.

Conclusion

The findings of the current study support the contribution of teaching 1st-year occupational therapy students the principles and practices of accessibility for people with disabilities, by improving their knowledge and level of competence at this early stage of their professional lives. Further studies are needed, however, to determine the optimal course of implementation in order to enhance awareness and interest in the subject of accessibility.

目的/背景本研究的目的是评估在“活动分析”课程中加入无障碍环境评估，是否会提高新生对残疾人士无障碍问题的知识、能力、意识和兴趣。方法在本研究中，我们纳入了可达性环境评价的校外培训。特拉维夫大学职业治疗专业的102名一年级学生参与了这项研究。在102名参与者中，56人参加了培训，46人没有参加，但参加了定期的活动分析课程。学生们探索了一个典型的社区环境，在此期间使用了一个特定的清单来评估可访问性的水平。课前、课后分别对两组学生进行“可达性-知识、能力、意识和兴趣”问卷调查。结果参加课外培训的学生在无障碍知识、能力和部分无障碍意识方面均有显著提高，在两门需要无障碍知识的课程中成绩也有所提高。对照组学生在活动分析课程前后的可达性-知识、能力意识和兴趣测验结果无显著差异。结论本研究结果支持职业治疗一年级学生在职业生涯的早期阶段，通过提高他们的知识和能力水平，对残疾人无障碍原则和实践进行教学的贡献。但是，需要进一步的研究来确定最佳的执行过程，以便提高对无障碍问题的认识和兴趣。

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引用次数: 2