Gynecologie Obstetrique & Fertilite最新文献

The number of children born through gamete donation grows by the conceptions made abroad. All the couples engaging in this process do not benefit from of the same support around the issues raised by the information to the child and its terms. Through a literature review, the authors explore the data on information intentions from parents to child and to entourage, the influence of the issue of anonymity, the effective rate information, the influences of the age of the child, the terms information and links with family dynamics. The quantitative findings underscore the complexity of this task, since 10–90 % of couples report an intention to inform their child from conception through donation, while 5–30 % actually inform them after birth. Fifty-nine to 93 % of the relatives are nevertheless informed. The authors will highlight the psychopathological tracks that support the possibility of narration for parents: the internalization of their infertility, the representation of the gift, the development of rivalry towards donors, the secrecy and privacy. The objective of this article is to enable carers to accompany this reflection among future parents, a better listening of the issues raise by the couples allowing shoring their process.

This pictorial essay will initially present the origin, definitions, objectives and main principles of the segmental approach to congenital heart diseases. Then, through ultrasound scans iconography we will consider its practical applications to prenatal screening. Eventually, through both ultrasound and MRI cases, we will discuss its potential use in fetal diagnostic evaluation.

Objectives

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs in 2% to 5.6% of pregnancies achieved by assisted reproductive technology (ART). EP treatment options include medical treatment by uses of methotrexate (MTX) systemic injection. The objective of this study was to compare MTX treatment effectiveness for EP occurring spontaneously or following ART.

Methods

A case-control study performed in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at a tertiary health care center in France. Twenty EP achieved by ART (ART group) and 60 spontaneous EP (SEP group) received MTX treatment between January 2002 and May 2012. The main outcome measures were MTX treatment failure rates, number of MTX injections administered and recovery time.

Results

MTX treatment failure rates observed in ART and SEP groups were similar (3/20 [15%] versus 10/60 [17%]: OR = 0.88 [0.22–3.58]). Mean duration of recovery time in patients with successful MTX treatment did not differ between ART and SEP groups (33 ± 14 days versus 28 ± 13 days, P = 0.39). A second MTX injection was required more frequently in ART group than in SEP group (10/20 [50%] versus 10/60 [17%]: OR = 5 [1.65–15.15]).

Conclusions

It is concluded that MTX treatment is equally effective for spontaneous EP and EP achieved by ART, two injections of MTX being more frequently required in case of ART.

Endometriosis, defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, is a common but often under diagnosed pathology. The clinical manifestations are varied (chronic pelvic pain, urinary or gastrointestinal symptoms) and can sometimes be very frustrated, delaying the diagnosis. This delay in diagnosis can be a high source of stress responsible for an important psychological impact in these patients, having a sense of misunderstanding and neglect of the medical profession. This climate of stress and anxiety can cause alteration of behavior including sexual disorders. In addition, endometriosis can be revealed as part of an infertility evaluation, and the patient and the couple can already be affected by this situation. The clinical and psychological impact of endometriosis inevitably leads to an impairment of patient's quality of life and sexuality. The objective of this article is to show the psychological consequences of endometriosis and its impact on sexuality, in order to highlight this essential aspect for a comprehensive care of patients.

Objectives

To assess the impact of smear test in the fight against cervix uteri cancer in Senegal.

Methods

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1836 Pap smears performed in patients over 15 years during several screening campaigns in Senegal conducted between June 2010 and June 2012. We analyzed epidemiological data, pathological smears, and the proposed management.

Results

In 69% of cases, the women were less than 45 years old. They were mostly multiparous and did not use contraceptive methods before. The smears were interpreted in 91.4% (n = 1661) and were pathological in 5.2% of cases. They revealed mainly atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, squamous intraepithelial low-grade lesions, and squamous intraepithelial high-grade lesions, respectively in 2.5% (n = 46), 1.7% (n = 30) and 1% (n = 19) of cases. Multiparity, early marriages were the main risk factors. Patients with pathological smars had colposcopy with cryotherapy (23 cases), and colposcopy and biopsy (13 cases). A hysterectomy was performed in 4 cases.

Conclusion

The pathological smear rate found in this study confirms the interest to continue cervical cancer screening with this practice. Strengthening of its geographical and financial access through a national prevention program will effectively help to lower cases of cervical cancer.

Objective

A newborn may present acidemia on the umbilical artery blood which can result from respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis or be of mixed origin. Currently, in the absence of a satisfactory definition, the challenge is to determine the most accurate marker for metabolic acidosis, which can be deleterious for the neonate.

Methods

We reviewed the methodological and physiological aspects of the perinatal literature to search for the best marker of NMA.

Results

Base deficit and pH have been criticized as the standard criteria to predict outcome. The proposed threshold of pathogenicity is not based on convincing studies. The algorithms of various blood gas analyzers differ and do not take into account the specific neonatal acid–base profile.

Conclusion

Birth-related neonatal eucapnic pH is described as the most pertinent marker of NMA at birth. The various means of calculating this value and the level below which it seems to play a possible pathogenic role are presented.