Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1913760
W. Schwarzhans, T. Mörs
ABSTRACT The first fossil otolith association from the middle Paleocene (Selandian) of Scania, southern Sweden is described. Forty-seven otoliths were retrieved from shallow wells representing 14 teleost taxa. Many specimens are small and/or eroded and, therefore, not identifiable to species level. Nevertheless, our findings indicate the potential for further fossil otolith discoveries in the region. The Scanian otolith-based fauna greatly resembles the better-known coeval association from Copenhagen, Denmark, but is relatively rich and diverse in perciform otoliths. The fauna records the first occurrence of Serranus? caribbaeus from the European Paleocene, and of Archaemacruroides ornatus from the Selandian of the North Sea Basin.
{"title":"Fish otoliths from the middle Paleocene (Selandian) of southern Sweden","authors":"W. Schwarzhans, T. Mörs","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1913760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1913760","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The first fossil otolith association from the middle Paleocene (Selandian) of Scania, southern Sweden is described. Forty-seven otoliths were retrieved from shallow wells representing 14 teleost taxa. Many specimens are small and/or eroded and, therefore, not identifiable to species level. Nevertheless, our findings indicate the potential for further fossil otolith discoveries in the region. The Scanian otolith-based fauna greatly resembles the better-known coeval association from Copenhagen, Denmark, but is relatively rich and diverse in perciform otoliths. The fauna records the first occurrence of Serranus? caribbaeus from the European Paleocene, and of Archaemacruroides ornatus from the Selandian of the North Sea Basin.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1913760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46384922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1900385
P. Jadwiszczak, M. Reguero, T. Mörs
ABSTRACT Here, we report on two tarsometatarsi assignable to relatively small-sized Eocene Antarctic penguins, housed in the palaeozoological collections of Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm. The Priabonian fossils were collected by museum staff during two joined Argentinean and Swedish expeditions from the Submeseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. One specimen represents a new early sphenisciform, Marambiornopsis sobrali gen. et sp. nov., the sixth small-sized tarsometatarsus-based penguin species known from the Antarctic Eocene. Micro-CT scanning revealed the presence of quite large and essentially empty metatarsal medullary cavities. The second fossil can unequivocally be assigned to Mesetaornis polaris. The specimen represents only the second record of this species and supposedly a relatively young bird. Micro-CT scanning showed that in M. polaris the metatarsal medullary cavities are less developed than in M. sobrali – the cortical and trabecular bone tissues left rather little room for significant hollow spaces. Both specimens also differ in overall density of their trabecular networks.Genus name: LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:604F02AA-DD0C-4789-B4D6-85EA68A39A68 Species name: LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:477F0FC5-D07B-4A92-97FD-3C4805BAF503
在此，我们报告了两个相对较小的始新世南极企鹅的tarsometatarsi，它们位于斯德哥尔摩国立瑞典自然历史博物馆的古动物收藏中。博物馆工作人员在南极半岛西摩岛的Submeseta组进行了两次阿根廷和瑞典的联合探险，收集了普利亚伯尼亚化石。其中一个标本代表了一种新的早期蝶形，Marambiornopsis sobrali gen. et sp. nov.，这是南极始新世已知的第六种小型跗跖骨企鹅。显微ct扫描显示有相当大且基本空的跖骨髓腔。第二块化石可以明确地归为北极星中天龙。该标本只代表了该物种的第二个记录，据说是一只相对年轻的鸟。Micro-CT扫描显示，北极星的跖骨髓腔发育较弱，皮质和骨小梁组织留下的空间很少，没有明显的空心空间。两种标本在小梁网的总体密度上也有所不同。属名:LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:604F02AA-DD0C-4789-B4D6-85EA68A39A68种名:LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:477F0FC5-D07B-4A92-97FD-3C4805BAF503
{"title":"A new small-sized penguin from the late Eocene of Seymour Island with additional material of Mesetaornis polaris","authors":"P. Jadwiszczak, M. Reguero, T. Mörs","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1900385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1900385","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Here, we report on two tarsometatarsi assignable to relatively small-sized Eocene Antarctic penguins, housed in the palaeozoological collections of Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm. The Priabonian fossils were collected by museum staff during two joined Argentinean and Swedish expeditions from the Submeseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. One specimen represents a new early sphenisciform, Marambiornopsis sobrali gen. et sp. nov., the sixth small-sized tarsometatarsus-based penguin species known from the Antarctic Eocene. Micro-CT scanning revealed the presence of quite large and essentially empty metatarsal medullary cavities. The second fossil can unequivocally be assigned to Mesetaornis polaris. The specimen represents only the second record of this species and supposedly a relatively young bird. Micro-CT scanning showed that in M. polaris the metatarsal medullary cavities are less developed than in M. sobrali – the cortical and trabecular bone tissues left rather little room for significant hollow spaces. Both specimens also differ in overall density of their trabecular networks.Genus name: LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:604F02AA-DD0C-4789-B4D6-85EA68A39A68 Species name: LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:477F0FC5-D07B-4A92-97FD-3C4805BAF503","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1900385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43760109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1939775
S. McLoughlin, V. Vajda, T. Topper, J. Crowley, Fan Liu, Ove Johansson, C. Skovsted
ABSTRACT Nineteen ichnotaxa, together with algal and invertebrate remains, and various pseudo-traces and sedimentary structures are described from the Torneträsk Formation exposed near Lake Torneträsk, Lapland, Sweden, representing a marked increase in the diversity of biotic traces recorded from this unit. The “lower siltstone” interval of the Torneträsk Formation contains mostly simple pascichnia, fodinichnia and domichnia burrows and trails of low-energy shoreface to intertidal settings. The assemblage has very few forms characteristic of high-energy, soft-sediment, foreshore or upper shoreface environments (representative of the Skolithos ichnofacies). Uranium-lead (U-Pb) LA-ICPMS analysis of zircon from a thin claystone layer within the “lower siltstone” interval yielded a maximum depositional age of 584 ± 13 Ma, mid-Ediacaran. Most of the zircon is represented by rounded detrital grains that yield dates between 3.3 and 1.0 Ga. Although the age of the basal sandstone-dominated interval of the Torneträsk Formation remains elusive owing to the absence of fossils, the ichnofossil suite from the overlying “lower siltstone” interval lacks deep arthropod trackways, such as Rusophycus and Cruziana, and is suggestive of a very early (Terreneuvian, possibly Fortunian) Cambrian age. The ichnofauna is otherwise similar to early Cambrian trace fossil assemblages from other parts of Baltica, regions further south in modern Europe, and from Greenland.
{"title":"Trace fossils, algae, invertebrate remains and new U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology from the lower Cambrian Torneträsk Formation, northern Sweden","authors":"S. McLoughlin, V. Vajda, T. Topper, J. Crowley, Fan Liu, Ove Johansson, C. Skovsted","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1939775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1939775","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nineteen ichnotaxa, together with algal and invertebrate remains, and various pseudo-traces and sedimentary structures are described from the Torneträsk Formation exposed near Lake Torneträsk, Lapland, Sweden, representing a marked increase in the diversity of biotic traces recorded from this unit. The “lower siltstone” interval of the Torneträsk Formation contains mostly simple pascichnia, fodinichnia and domichnia burrows and trails of low-energy shoreface to intertidal settings. The assemblage has very few forms characteristic of high-energy, soft-sediment, foreshore or upper shoreface environments (representative of the Skolithos ichnofacies). Uranium-lead (U-Pb) LA-ICPMS analysis of zircon from a thin claystone layer within the “lower siltstone” interval yielded a maximum depositional age of 584 ± 13 Ma, mid-Ediacaran. Most of the zircon is represented by rounded detrital grains that yield dates between 3.3 and 1.0 Ga. Although the age of the basal sandstone-dominated interval of the Torneträsk Formation remains elusive owing to the absence of fossils, the ichnofossil suite from the overlying “lower siltstone” interval lacks deep arthropod trackways, such as Rusophycus and Cruziana, and is suggestive of a very early (Terreneuvian, possibly Fortunian) Cambrian age. The ichnofauna is otherwise similar to early Cambrian trace fossil assemblages from other parts of Baltica, regions further south in modern Europe, and from Greenland.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44082550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1913761
Léa Devaere, C. Skovsted
ABSTRACT The Camenellan tommotiid Lapworthella bornholmiensis is systematically revised based on the original type material and collections of Small Shelly Fossils at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. The species is clearly differentiated from all other species of Lapworthella by its unique surface ornamentation. Variability in sclerite shape is analyzed among the 39 specimens and four sclerite morphotypes are recognized: bilaterally subsymmetrical A sclerites with straight apertural margin and subrectangular to subelliptical cross-section; asymmetrical B sclerites with oblique to curved apertural margin and subrectangular to subelliptical cross-section; asymmetrical C sclerites with one concave surface resulting in elliptical to sub-triangular cross section; elongated asymmetrical D sclerites with subcircular cross section. The C sclerites are further divided into two sub-types. The sclerite morphotypes of Lapworthella bornholmiensis allow a detailed comparison with other lapworthellid taxa and we identify a pattern of recurring sclerite morphotypes across a range of species, allowing a new understanding of the lapworthellid scleritome structure. The stratigraphic range of Lapworthella bornholmiensis includes the Cambrian Stage 4 Gislöv Formation, the Wuliuan-Drumian Forsemölla and Exsulans Limestones in the Alum Shale Formation and Guzhangian limestone fill in Proterozoic basement fissures in Bohuslän, making this long ranging species the youngest known tommotiid in the fossil record.
{"title":"The youngest known tommotiid: Lapworthella bornholmiensis (Poulsen, 1942) from Cambrian Stage 4 to Guzhangian (Miaolingian) strata of Bornholm and southern Sweden","authors":"Léa Devaere, C. Skovsted","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1913761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1913761","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Camenellan tommotiid Lapworthella bornholmiensis is systematically revised based on the original type material and collections of Small Shelly Fossils at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. The species is clearly differentiated from all other species of Lapworthella by its unique surface ornamentation. Variability in sclerite shape is analyzed among the 39 specimens and four sclerite morphotypes are recognized: bilaterally subsymmetrical A sclerites with straight apertural margin and subrectangular to subelliptical cross-section; asymmetrical B sclerites with oblique to curved apertural margin and subrectangular to subelliptical cross-section; asymmetrical C sclerites with one concave surface resulting in elliptical to sub-triangular cross section; elongated asymmetrical D sclerites with subcircular cross section. The C sclerites are further divided into two sub-types. The sclerite morphotypes of Lapworthella bornholmiensis allow a detailed comparison with other lapworthellid taxa and we identify a pattern of recurring sclerite morphotypes across a range of species, allowing a new understanding of the lapworthellid scleritome structure. The stratigraphic range of Lapworthella bornholmiensis includes the Cambrian Stage 4 Gislöv Formation, the Wuliuan-Drumian Forsemölla and Exsulans Limestones in the Alum Shale Formation and Guzhangian limestone fill in Proterozoic basement fissures in Bohuslän, making this long ranging species the youngest known tommotiid in the fossil record.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1913761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442
Ashley Krüger, S. Slater, V. Vajda
ABSTRACT Several shark species produce egg cases as protective casings in which their embryos develop. These casings are composed of multiple layers of collagen and are extremely durable, making them prone to fossilisation. Here we document Palaeoxyris (Spirangium) ‒ fossil shark egg cases from Lower Jurassic successions of southern Sweden. We present high-resolution 3D images of Palaeoxyris based on microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) of seven specimens, including fossils that were embedded within a sandstone matrix. Our examination of the internal structure of the egg cases revealed the possible remnants of a yolk and foetus in one specimen. The cases were most likely produced by hybodont sharks, as outlined in previous studies, and the occurrence of hybodont teeth from Lower Jurassic successions of Sweden support this. Palynological analysis of the matrix from one of the specimens hosting Palaeoxyris, indicates an early Hettangian age. The high percentage of spores (c. 60%) reveals that the egg cases were laid during the Transitional Spore Spike Interval following the end-Triassic mass extinction. The egg cases are found in conjunction with fossil horsetails; with the broader palynological and sedimentological evidence, this suggests an estuarine depositional setting, and potentially indicates that newborn sharks were living in habitats comparable to modern mangroves, as is often the case today.
{"title":"3D imaging of shark egg cases (Palaeoxyris) from Sweden with new insights into Early Jurassic shark ecology","authors":"Ashley Krüger, S. Slater, V. Vajda","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several shark species produce egg cases as protective casings in which their embryos develop. These casings are composed of multiple layers of collagen and are extremely durable, making them prone to fossilisation. Here we document Palaeoxyris (Spirangium) ‒ fossil shark egg cases from Lower Jurassic successions of southern Sweden. We present high-resolution 3D images of Palaeoxyris based on microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) of seven specimens, including fossils that were embedded within a sandstone matrix. Our examination of the internal structure of the egg cases revealed the possible remnants of a yolk and foetus in one specimen. The cases were most likely produced by hybodont sharks, as outlined in previous studies, and the occurrence of hybodont teeth from Lower Jurassic successions of Sweden support this. Palynological analysis of the matrix from one of the specimens hosting Palaeoxyris, indicates an early Hettangian age. The high percentage of spores (c. 60%) reveals that the egg cases were laid during the Transitional Spore Spike Interval following the end-Triassic mass extinction. The egg cases are found in conjunction with fossil horsetails; with the broader palynological and sedimentological evidence, this suggests an estuarine depositional setting, and potentially indicates that newborn sharks were living in habitats comparable to modern mangroves, as is often the case today.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44379061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303
C. Skovsted, T. Topper, S. McLoughlin, Ove Johansson, Fan Liu, V. Vajda
ABSTRACT New fossil discoveries are reported from the Grammajukku Formation at Luobákte south of Lake Torneträsk in northern Swedish Lapland, including a fauna of Small Shelly Fossils (SSF) from a limestone bed in the uppermost part of the formation and new occurrences of brachiopods and trilobites in siltstones of the lower part of the formation. The moderately diverse SSF fauna is the first of its kind reported from the Swedish Caledonides and includes the first record of the tommotiid Lapworthella schodackensis and the bradoriid spine Mongolitubulus spinosus from Baltica, together with fragmentary specimens of Bradoria sp. and remains of one additional bradoriid arthropod, a protoconodont and a helcionelloid mollusc. In addition, the limestone bed yields abundant specimens of the brachiopods Botsfordia cf. caelata and Eoobolus cf. priscus and an unidentified ellipsocephalid trilobite. Lower down in the Grammajukku Formation, specimens of both brachiopod taxa, orthothecid hyoliths, the trilobite Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi and an unidentified holmiid trilobite were found at several levels in a siltstone, previously regarded as unfossiliferous. These discoveries markedly increase the known diversity of the palaeobiota from the Grammajukku Formation in northern Lapland and provide new insights into the biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the lower Cambrian in Scandinavia and the palaeobiogeography of Cambrian faunas in general.
{"title":"First discovery of Small Shelly Fossils and new occurrences of brachiopods and trilobites from the early Cambrian (Stage 4) of the Swedish Caledonides, Lapland","authors":"C. Skovsted, T. Topper, S. McLoughlin, Ove Johansson, Fan Liu, V. Vajda","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New fossil discoveries are reported from the Grammajukku Formation at Luobákte south of Lake Torneträsk in northern Swedish Lapland, including a fauna of Small Shelly Fossils (SSF) from a limestone bed in the uppermost part of the formation and new occurrences of brachiopods and trilobites in siltstones of the lower part of the formation. The moderately diverse SSF fauna is the first of its kind reported from the Swedish Caledonides and includes the first record of the tommotiid Lapworthella schodackensis and the bradoriid spine Mongolitubulus spinosus from Baltica, together with fragmentary specimens of Bradoria sp. and remains of one additional bradoriid arthropod, a protoconodont and a helcionelloid mollusc. In addition, the limestone bed yields abundant specimens of the brachiopods Botsfordia cf. caelata and Eoobolus cf. priscus and an unidentified ellipsocephalid trilobite. Lower down in the Grammajukku Formation, specimens of both brachiopod taxa, orthothecid hyoliths, the trilobite Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi and an unidentified holmiid trilobite were found at several levels in a siltstone, previously regarded as unfossiliferous. These discoveries markedly increase the known diversity of the palaeobiota from the Grammajukku Formation in northern Lapland and provide new insights into the biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the lower Cambrian in Scandinavia and the palaeobiogeography of Cambrian faunas in general.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47506589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1895302
M. Ivarsson, H. Drake, A. Neubeck, O. Snoeyenbos-West, V. Belivanova, S. Bengtson
ABSTRACT A growing literature of deep but also surficial fossilized remains of lithobiological life, often associated with igneous rocks, necessitates the unfolding of a sub-discipline within paleobiology. Here, we introduce the term paleolithobiology as the new auxiliary sub-discipline under which fossilized lithobiology should be handled. We present key criteria that distinguish the paleolithobiological archive from the traditional one and discuss sample strategies as well as scientific perspectives. A majority of paleolithobiological material consists of deep biosphere fossils, and in order to highlight the relevance of these, we present new data on fungal fossils from the Lockne impact crater. Fungal fossils in the Lockne drill cores have been described previously but here we provide new insights into the presence of reproductive structures that indicate the fungi to be indigenous. We also show that these fungi frequently dissolve and penetrate secondary calcite, delineating the role lithobionts plays in geobiological cycles. We hope that the formalization of the sub-discipline paleolithobiology will not only highlight an overlooked area of paleobiology as well as simplify future studies of endo- and epilithic fossil material, but also improve our understanding of the history of the deep biosphere.
{"title":"Introducing palaeolithobiology","authors":"M. Ivarsson, H. Drake, A. Neubeck, O. Snoeyenbos-West, V. Belivanova, S. Bengtson","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1895302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1895302","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A growing literature of deep but also surficial fossilized remains of lithobiological life, often associated with igneous rocks, necessitates the unfolding of a sub-discipline within paleobiology. Here, we introduce the term paleolithobiology as the new auxiliary sub-discipline under which fossilized lithobiology should be handled. We present key criteria that distinguish the paleolithobiological archive from the traditional one and discuss sample strategies as well as scientific perspectives. A majority of paleolithobiological material consists of deep biosphere fossils, and in order to highlight the relevance of these, we present new data on fungal fossils from the Lockne impact crater. Fungal fossils in the Lockne drill cores have been described previously but here we provide new insights into the presence of reproductive structures that indicate the fungi to be indigenous. We also show that these fungi frequently dissolve and penetrate secondary calcite, delineating the role lithobionts plays in geobiological cycles. We hope that the formalization of the sub-discipline paleolithobiology will not only highlight an overlooked area of paleobiology as well as simplify future studies of endo- and epilithic fossil material, but also improve our understanding of the history of the deep biosphere.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1895302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42366663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1907443
T. Denk, J. Bouchal
ABSTRACT Diospyros is a large genus of woody flowering plants with a predominantly subtropical and tropical modern distribution. Fossils attributed to Diospyros are mainly leaf impressions from Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata across the Northern Hemisphere. However, it is difficult to assign such fossils to Diospyros because genus-diagnostic leaf characteristics remain to be identified. Unequivocal fossil records of Diospyros are few, including staminate flowers with in situ pollen from the late Eocene of South Australia and dispersed pollen from Cenozoic strata in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we investigated dispersed pollen and calyx remains from Miocene deposits of Denmark using a combined scanning electron/light microscopy approach. Tricolporate, relatively large pollen with lalongate pori and long bow-shaped colpi and a distinctive micro/nanorugulate exine ornamentation together with persistent 4-lobed flower calyces allow unambiguous identification of the genus. Based on the large size of the calyx, we describe a new fossil-species of Diospyros. Further, a review of the fossil pollen record of Diospyros shows that, in addition to the Australian record, the genus was present in South China, western North America and Europe during the Eocene and in East and South Africa and Central Asia during the Oligo-Miocene. Although still scanty, the pollen record can contribute vital information for time-calibrated molecular phylogenies to resolve conflicting biogeographic inferences. A thorough description of the historical biogeography of Diospyros is still in its infancy. While we initiate such a study here, development of a comprehensive picture will require further studies of dispersed pollen grains with high taxonomic resolution.
{"title":"Dispersed pollen and calyx remains of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the middle Miocene “Plant beds” of Søby, Denmark","authors":"T. Denk, J. Bouchal","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1907443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907443","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Diospyros is a large genus of woody flowering plants with a predominantly subtropical and tropical modern distribution. Fossils attributed to Diospyros are mainly leaf impressions from Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata across the Northern Hemisphere. However, it is difficult to assign such fossils to Diospyros because genus-diagnostic leaf characteristics remain to be identified. Unequivocal fossil records of Diospyros are few, including staminate flowers with in situ pollen from the late Eocene of South Australia and dispersed pollen from Cenozoic strata in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we investigated dispersed pollen and calyx remains from Miocene deposits of Denmark using a combined scanning electron/light microscopy approach. Tricolporate, relatively large pollen with lalongate pori and long bow-shaped colpi and a distinctive micro/nanorugulate exine ornamentation together with persistent 4-lobed flower calyces allow unambiguous identification of the genus. Based on the large size of the calyx, we describe a new fossil-species of Diospyros. Further, a review of the fossil pollen record of Diospyros shows that, in addition to the Australian record, the genus was present in South China, western North America and Europe during the Eocene and in East and South Africa and Central Asia during the Oligo-Miocene. Although still scanty, the pollen record can contribute vital information for time-calibrated molecular phylogenies to resolve conflicting biogeographic inferences. A thorough description of the historical biogeography of Diospyros is still in its infancy. While we initiate such a study here, development of a comprehensive picture will require further studies of dispersed pollen grains with high taxonomic resolution.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44158971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1923060
Jungang Peng, S. Slater, V. Vajda
ABSTRACT Here we investigate megaspores from 10 Triassic‒Jurassic localities of southern Sweden and Bornholm, Denmark, based on collections housed in the Swedish Museum of Natural History. We identify and describe 19 megaspore taxa belonging to three stratigraphically constrained assemblages, representing the Rhaetian, Hettangian and Pliensbachian, respectively. Megaspores are abundant and diverse (12 taxa) in the Rhaetian assemblage. Diversity markedly decreases across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (TJB), with species richness reducing from 12 to two taxa. The Hettangian assemblage is well-preserved but depauperate, and is overwhelmingly dominated by Nathorstisporites hopliticus. A subsequent recovery of lycopsid diversity followed, recorded by an increase in richness to six taxa in the Pliensbachian assemblage. The disappearance of the hygrophilous and diverse heterosporous lycophyte communities across the TJB, suggests a shift to drier conditions in the earliest Jurassic. This is supported by lithological changes from coal-forming environments in the Rhaetian to sandstone-dominated fluvial-estuarine facies in the Hettangian. Throughout this study, we analysed the megaspores using fluorescence microscopy, which revealed detailed morphological features on specimens that were otherwise opaque under visible light. This non-destructive technique is particularly useful for examining opaque megaspores embedded in permanent mounting media, such as epoxy resin, and may provide new insights into historical megaspore collections elsewhere.
{"title":"Megaspores from the Late Triassic‒Early Jurassic of southern Scandinavia: taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications","authors":"Jungang Peng, S. Slater, V. Vajda","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1923060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1923060","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Here we investigate megaspores from 10 Triassic‒Jurassic localities of southern Sweden and Bornholm, Denmark, based on collections housed in the Swedish Museum of Natural History. We identify and describe 19 megaspore taxa belonging to three stratigraphically constrained assemblages, representing the Rhaetian, Hettangian and Pliensbachian, respectively. Megaspores are abundant and diverse (12 taxa) in the Rhaetian assemblage. Diversity markedly decreases across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (TJB), with species richness reducing from 12 to two taxa. The Hettangian assemblage is well-preserved but depauperate, and is overwhelmingly dominated by Nathorstisporites hopliticus. A subsequent recovery of lycopsid diversity followed, recorded by an increase in richness to six taxa in the Pliensbachian assemblage. The disappearance of the hygrophilous and diverse heterosporous lycophyte communities across the TJB, suggests a shift to drier conditions in the earliest Jurassic. This is supported by lithological changes from coal-forming environments in the Rhaetian to sandstone-dominated fluvial-estuarine facies in the Hettangian. Throughout this study, we analysed the megaspores using fluorescence microscopy, which revealed detailed morphological features on specimens that were otherwise opaque under visible light. This non-destructive technique is particularly useful for examining opaque megaspores embedded in permanent mounting media, such as epoxy resin, and may provide new insights into historical megaspore collections elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1923060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46884181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1968198
V. Vajda, C. Skovsted
This special issue aims to highlight the value of historical paleontological collections at museums in general, and at Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM) in particular, providing a glimpse into our national fossil archives in the light of modern science and technology. Museums worldwide house fossil material collected over a time span of hundreds of years, in many cases from sedimentary successions that are no longer accessible. The paleontological collections at the NRM comprise over two million specimens that were contributed to the museum over the past 200 years, by pioneers, such as Nordenskiöld, Angelin, Holm, Stensiö, Nathorst, Halle and Lundblad. In more recent times, donations from other institutes and private persons have enriched our collections and a new generation of scientists and curators are continuously adding valuable material. For the purpose of this special issue, we focus mainly on our Swedish collections, focusing on scientifically important specimens not described previously, but also new material investigated with the latest technologies. Research highlighted in this issue covers most of the Phanerozoic eon incorporating macroand microfossil data from marine and continental successions. We wish to show the reader that the collections represent an invaluable national resource and a great asset for both Swedish and international researchers long into the future.
{"title":"Advances in Swedish palaeontology; the importance of fossils in natural history collections - The Department of Palaeobiology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History","authors":"V. Vajda, C. Skovsted","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1968198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1968198","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue aims to highlight the value of historical paleontological collections at museums in general, and at Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM) in particular, providing a glimpse into our national fossil archives in the light of modern science and technology. Museums worldwide house fossil material collected over a time span of hundreds of years, in many cases from sedimentary successions that are no longer accessible. The paleontological collections at the NRM comprise over two million specimens that were contributed to the museum over the past 200 years, by pioneers, such as Nordenskiöld, Angelin, Holm, Stensiö, Nathorst, Halle and Lundblad. In more recent times, donations from other institutes and private persons have enriched our collections and a new generation of scientists and curators are continuously adding valuable material. For the purpose of this special issue, we focus mainly on our Swedish collections, focusing on scientifically important specimens not described previously, but also new material investigated with the latest technologies. Research highlighted in this issue covers most of the Phanerozoic eon incorporating macroand microfossil data from marine and continental successions. We wish to show the reader that the collections represent an invaluable national resource and a great asset for both Swedish and international researchers long into the future.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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