Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1939775
S. McLoughlin, V. Vajda, T. Topper, J. Crowley, Fan Liu, Ove Johansson, C. Skovsted
ABSTRACT Nineteen ichnotaxa, together with algal and invertebrate remains, and various pseudo-traces and sedimentary structures are described from the Torneträsk Formation exposed near Lake Torneträsk, Lapland, Sweden, representing a marked increase in the diversity of biotic traces recorded from this unit. The “lower siltstone” interval of the Torneträsk Formation contains mostly simple pascichnia, fodinichnia and domichnia burrows and trails of low-energy shoreface to intertidal settings. The assemblage has very few forms characteristic of high-energy, soft-sediment, foreshore or upper shoreface environments (representative of the Skolithos ichnofacies). Uranium-lead (U-Pb) LA-ICPMS analysis of zircon from a thin claystone layer within the “lower siltstone” interval yielded a maximum depositional age of 584 ± 13 Ma, mid-Ediacaran. Most of the zircon is represented by rounded detrital grains that yield dates between 3.3 and 1.0 Ga. Although the age of the basal sandstone-dominated interval of the Torneträsk Formation remains elusive owing to the absence of fossils, the ichnofossil suite from the overlying “lower siltstone” interval lacks deep arthropod trackways, such as Rusophycus and Cruziana, and is suggestive of a very early (Terreneuvian, possibly Fortunian) Cambrian age. The ichnofauna is otherwise similar to early Cambrian trace fossil assemblages from other parts of Baltica, regions further south in modern Europe, and from Greenland.
{"title":"Trace fossils, algae, invertebrate remains and new U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology from the lower Cambrian Torneträsk Formation, northern Sweden","authors":"S. McLoughlin, V. Vajda, T. Topper, J. Crowley, Fan Liu, Ove Johansson, C. Skovsted","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1939775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1939775","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nineteen ichnotaxa, together with algal and invertebrate remains, and various pseudo-traces and sedimentary structures are described from the Torneträsk Formation exposed near Lake Torneträsk, Lapland, Sweden, representing a marked increase in the diversity of biotic traces recorded from this unit. The “lower siltstone” interval of the Torneträsk Formation contains mostly simple pascichnia, fodinichnia and domichnia burrows and trails of low-energy shoreface to intertidal settings. The assemblage has very few forms characteristic of high-energy, soft-sediment, foreshore or upper shoreface environments (representative of the Skolithos ichnofacies). Uranium-lead (U-Pb) LA-ICPMS analysis of zircon from a thin claystone layer within the “lower siltstone” interval yielded a maximum depositional age of 584 ± 13 Ma, mid-Ediacaran. Most of the zircon is represented by rounded detrital grains that yield dates between 3.3 and 1.0 Ga. Although the age of the basal sandstone-dominated interval of the Torneträsk Formation remains elusive owing to the absence of fossils, the ichnofossil suite from the overlying “lower siltstone” interval lacks deep arthropod trackways, such as Rusophycus and Cruziana, and is suggestive of a very early (Terreneuvian, possibly Fortunian) Cambrian age. The ichnofauna is otherwise similar to early Cambrian trace fossil assemblages from other parts of Baltica, regions further south in modern Europe, and from Greenland.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"103 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44082550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1913761
Léa Devaere, C. Skovsted
ABSTRACT The Camenellan tommotiid Lapworthella bornholmiensis is systematically revised based on the original type material and collections of Small Shelly Fossils at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. The species is clearly differentiated from all other species of Lapworthella by its unique surface ornamentation. Variability in sclerite shape is analyzed among the 39 specimens and four sclerite morphotypes are recognized: bilaterally subsymmetrical A sclerites with straight apertural margin and subrectangular to subelliptical cross-section; asymmetrical B sclerites with oblique to curved apertural margin and subrectangular to subelliptical cross-section; asymmetrical C sclerites with one concave surface resulting in elliptical to sub-triangular cross section; elongated asymmetrical D sclerites with subcircular cross section. The C sclerites are further divided into two sub-types. The sclerite morphotypes of Lapworthella bornholmiensis allow a detailed comparison with other lapworthellid taxa and we identify a pattern of recurring sclerite morphotypes across a range of species, allowing a new understanding of the lapworthellid scleritome structure. The stratigraphic range of Lapworthella bornholmiensis includes the Cambrian Stage 4 Gislöv Formation, the Wuliuan-Drumian Forsemölla and Exsulans Limestones in the Alum Shale Formation and Guzhangian limestone fill in Proterozoic basement fissures in Bohuslän, making this long ranging species the youngest known tommotiid in the fossil record.
{"title":"The youngest known tommotiid: Lapworthella bornholmiensis (Poulsen, 1942) from Cambrian Stage 4 to Guzhangian (Miaolingian) strata of Bornholm and southern Sweden","authors":"Léa Devaere, C. Skovsted","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1913761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1913761","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Camenellan tommotiid Lapworthella bornholmiensis is systematically revised based on the original type material and collections of Small Shelly Fossils at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. The species is clearly differentiated from all other species of Lapworthella by its unique surface ornamentation. Variability in sclerite shape is analyzed among the 39 specimens and four sclerite morphotypes are recognized: bilaterally subsymmetrical A sclerites with straight apertural margin and subrectangular to subelliptical cross-section; asymmetrical B sclerites with oblique to curved apertural margin and subrectangular to subelliptical cross-section; asymmetrical C sclerites with one concave surface resulting in elliptical to sub-triangular cross section; elongated asymmetrical D sclerites with subcircular cross section. The C sclerites are further divided into two sub-types. The sclerite morphotypes of Lapworthella bornholmiensis allow a detailed comparison with other lapworthellid taxa and we identify a pattern of recurring sclerite morphotypes across a range of species, allowing a new understanding of the lapworthellid scleritome structure. The stratigraphic range of Lapworthella bornholmiensis includes the Cambrian Stage 4 Gislöv Formation, the Wuliuan-Drumian Forsemölla and Exsulans Limestones in the Alum Shale Formation and Guzhangian limestone fill in Proterozoic basement fissures in Bohuslän, making this long ranging species the youngest known tommotiid in the fossil record.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"151 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1913761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303
C. Skovsted, T. Topper, S. McLoughlin, Ove Johansson, Fan Liu, V. Vajda
ABSTRACT New fossil discoveries are reported from the Grammajukku Formation at Luobákte south of Lake Torneträsk in northern Swedish Lapland, including a fauna of Small Shelly Fossils (SSF) from a limestone bed in the uppermost part of the formation and new occurrences of brachiopods and trilobites in siltstones of the lower part of the formation. The moderately diverse SSF fauna is the first of its kind reported from the Swedish Caledonides and includes the first record of the tommotiid Lapworthella schodackensis and the bradoriid spine Mongolitubulus spinosus from Baltica, together with fragmentary specimens of Bradoria sp. and remains of one additional bradoriid arthropod, a protoconodont and a helcionelloid mollusc. In addition, the limestone bed yields abundant specimens of the brachiopods Botsfordia cf. caelata and Eoobolus cf. priscus and an unidentified ellipsocephalid trilobite. Lower down in the Grammajukku Formation, specimens of both brachiopod taxa, orthothecid hyoliths, the trilobite Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi and an unidentified holmiid trilobite were found at several levels in a siltstone, previously regarded as unfossiliferous. These discoveries markedly increase the known diversity of the palaeobiota from the Grammajukku Formation in northern Lapland and provide new insights into the biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the lower Cambrian in Scandinavia and the palaeobiogeography of Cambrian faunas in general.
{"title":"First discovery of Small Shelly Fossils and new occurrences of brachiopods and trilobites from the early Cambrian (Stage 4) of the Swedish Caledonides, Lapland","authors":"C. Skovsted, T. Topper, S. McLoughlin, Ove Johansson, Fan Liu, V. Vajda","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New fossil discoveries are reported from the Grammajukku Formation at Luobákte south of Lake Torneträsk in northern Swedish Lapland, including a fauna of Small Shelly Fossils (SSF) from a limestone bed in the uppermost part of the formation and new occurrences of brachiopods and trilobites in siltstones of the lower part of the formation. The moderately diverse SSF fauna is the first of its kind reported from the Swedish Caledonides and includes the first record of the tommotiid Lapworthella schodackensis and the bradoriid spine Mongolitubulus spinosus from Baltica, together with fragmentary specimens of Bradoria sp. and remains of one additional bradoriid arthropod, a protoconodont and a helcionelloid mollusc. In addition, the limestone bed yields abundant specimens of the brachiopods Botsfordia cf. caelata and Eoobolus cf. priscus and an unidentified ellipsocephalid trilobite. Lower down in the Grammajukku Formation, specimens of both brachiopod taxa, orthothecid hyoliths, the trilobite Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi and an unidentified holmiid trilobite were found at several levels in a siltstone, previously regarded as unfossiliferous. These discoveries markedly increase the known diversity of the palaeobiota from the Grammajukku Formation in northern Lapland and provide new insights into the biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the lower Cambrian in Scandinavia and the palaeobiogeography of Cambrian faunas in general.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"134 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47506589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442
Ashley Krüger, S. Slater, V. Vajda
ABSTRACT Several shark species produce egg cases as protective casings in which their embryos develop. These casings are composed of multiple layers of collagen and are extremely durable, making them prone to fossilisation. Here we document Palaeoxyris (Spirangium) ‒ fossil shark egg cases from Lower Jurassic successions of southern Sweden. We present high-resolution 3D images of Palaeoxyris based on microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) of seven specimens, including fossils that were embedded within a sandstone matrix. Our examination of the internal structure of the egg cases revealed the possible remnants of a yolk and foetus in one specimen. The cases were most likely produced by hybodont sharks, as outlined in previous studies, and the occurrence of hybodont teeth from Lower Jurassic successions of Sweden support this. Palynological analysis of the matrix from one of the specimens hosting Palaeoxyris, indicates an early Hettangian age. The high percentage of spores (c. 60%) reveals that the egg cases were laid during the Transitional Spore Spike Interval following the end-Triassic mass extinction. The egg cases are found in conjunction with fossil horsetails; with the broader palynological and sedimentological evidence, this suggests an estuarine depositional setting, and potentially indicates that newborn sharks were living in habitats comparable to modern mangroves, as is often the case today.
{"title":"3D imaging of shark egg cases (Palaeoxyris) from Sweden with new insights into Early Jurassic shark ecology","authors":"Ashley Krüger, S. Slater, V. Vajda","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several shark species produce egg cases as protective casings in which their embryos develop. These casings are composed of multiple layers of collagen and are extremely durable, making them prone to fossilisation. Here we document Palaeoxyris (Spirangium) ‒ fossil shark egg cases from Lower Jurassic successions of southern Sweden. We present high-resolution 3D images of Palaeoxyris based on microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) of seven specimens, including fossils that were embedded within a sandstone matrix. Our examination of the internal structure of the egg cases revealed the possible remnants of a yolk and foetus in one specimen. The cases were most likely produced by hybodont sharks, as outlined in previous studies, and the occurrence of hybodont teeth from Lower Jurassic successions of Sweden support this. Palynological analysis of the matrix from one of the specimens hosting Palaeoxyris, indicates an early Hettangian age. The high percentage of spores (c. 60%) reveals that the egg cases were laid during the Transitional Spore Spike Interval following the end-Triassic mass extinction. The egg cases are found in conjunction with fossil horsetails; with the broader palynological and sedimentological evidence, this suggests an estuarine depositional setting, and potentially indicates that newborn sharks were living in habitats comparable to modern mangroves, as is often the case today.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"229 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44379061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1907443
T. Denk, J. Bouchal
ABSTRACT Diospyros is a large genus of woody flowering plants with a predominantly subtropical and tropical modern distribution. Fossils attributed to Diospyros are mainly leaf impressions from Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata across the Northern Hemisphere. However, it is difficult to assign such fossils to Diospyros because genus-diagnostic leaf characteristics remain to be identified. Unequivocal fossil records of Diospyros are few, including staminate flowers with in situ pollen from the late Eocene of South Australia and dispersed pollen from Cenozoic strata in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we investigated dispersed pollen and calyx remains from Miocene deposits of Denmark using a combined scanning electron/light microscopy approach. Tricolporate, relatively large pollen with lalongate pori and long bow-shaped colpi and a distinctive micro/nanorugulate exine ornamentation together with persistent 4-lobed flower calyces allow unambiguous identification of the genus. Based on the large size of the calyx, we describe a new fossil-species of Diospyros. Further, a review of the fossil pollen record of Diospyros shows that, in addition to the Australian record, the genus was present in South China, western North America and Europe during the Eocene and in East and South Africa and Central Asia during the Oligo-Miocene. Although still scanty, the pollen record can contribute vital information for time-calibrated molecular phylogenies to resolve conflicting biogeographic inferences. A thorough description of the historical biogeography of Diospyros is still in its infancy. While we initiate such a study here, development of a comprehensive picture will require further studies of dispersed pollen grains with high taxonomic resolution.
{"title":"Dispersed pollen and calyx remains of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the middle Miocene “Plant beds” of Søby, Denmark","authors":"T. Denk, J. Bouchal","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1907443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907443","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Diospyros is a large genus of woody flowering plants with a predominantly subtropical and tropical modern distribution. Fossils attributed to Diospyros are mainly leaf impressions from Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata across the Northern Hemisphere. However, it is difficult to assign such fossils to Diospyros because genus-diagnostic leaf characteristics remain to be identified. Unequivocal fossil records of Diospyros are few, including staminate flowers with in situ pollen from the late Eocene of South Australia and dispersed pollen from Cenozoic strata in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we investigated dispersed pollen and calyx remains from Miocene deposits of Denmark using a combined scanning electron/light microscopy approach. Tricolporate, relatively large pollen with lalongate pori and long bow-shaped colpi and a distinctive micro/nanorugulate exine ornamentation together with persistent 4-lobed flower calyces allow unambiguous identification of the genus. Based on the large size of the calyx, we describe a new fossil-species of Diospyros. Further, a review of the fossil pollen record of Diospyros shows that, in addition to the Australian record, the genus was present in South China, western North America and Europe during the Eocene and in East and South Africa and Central Asia during the Oligo-Miocene. Although still scanty, the pollen record can contribute vital information for time-calibrated molecular phylogenies to resolve conflicting biogeographic inferences. A thorough description of the historical biogeography of Diospyros is still in its infancy. While we initiate such a study here, development of a comprehensive picture will require further studies of dispersed pollen grains with high taxonomic resolution.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"292 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44158971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1895302
M. Ivarsson, H. Drake, A. Neubeck, O. Snoeyenbos-West, V. Belivanova, S. Bengtson
ABSTRACT A growing literature of deep but also surficial fossilized remains of lithobiological life, often associated with igneous rocks, necessitates the unfolding of a sub-discipline within paleobiology. Here, we introduce the term paleolithobiology as the new auxiliary sub-discipline under which fossilized lithobiology should be handled. We present key criteria that distinguish the paleolithobiological archive from the traditional one and discuss sample strategies as well as scientific perspectives. A majority of paleolithobiological material consists of deep biosphere fossils, and in order to highlight the relevance of these, we present new data on fungal fossils from the Lockne impact crater. Fungal fossils in the Lockne drill cores have been described previously but here we provide new insights into the presence of reproductive structures that indicate the fungi to be indigenous. We also show that these fungi frequently dissolve and penetrate secondary calcite, delineating the role lithobionts plays in geobiological cycles. We hope that the formalization of the sub-discipline paleolithobiology will not only highlight an overlooked area of paleobiology as well as simplify future studies of endo- and epilithic fossil material, but also improve our understanding of the history of the deep biosphere.
{"title":"Introducing palaeolithobiology","authors":"M. Ivarsson, H. Drake, A. Neubeck, O. Snoeyenbos-West, V. Belivanova, S. Bengtson","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1895302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1895302","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A growing literature of deep but also surficial fossilized remains of lithobiological life, often associated with igneous rocks, necessitates the unfolding of a sub-discipline within paleobiology. Here, we introduce the term paleolithobiology as the new auxiliary sub-discipline under which fossilized lithobiology should be handled. We present key criteria that distinguish the paleolithobiological archive from the traditional one and discuss sample strategies as well as scientific perspectives. A majority of paleolithobiological material consists of deep biosphere fossils, and in order to highlight the relevance of these, we present new data on fungal fossils from the Lockne impact crater. Fungal fossils in the Lockne drill cores have been described previously but here we provide new insights into the presence of reproductive structures that indicate the fungi to be indigenous. We also show that these fungi frequently dissolve and penetrate secondary calcite, delineating the role lithobionts plays in geobiological cycles. We hope that the formalization of the sub-discipline paleolithobiology will not only highlight an overlooked area of paleobiology as well as simplify future studies of endo- and epilithic fossil material, but also improve our understanding of the history of the deep biosphere.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"305 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1895302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42366663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1923060
Jungang Peng, S. Slater, V. Vajda
ABSTRACT Here we investigate megaspores from 10 Triassic‒Jurassic localities of southern Sweden and Bornholm, Denmark, based on collections housed in the Swedish Museum of Natural History. We identify and describe 19 megaspore taxa belonging to three stratigraphically constrained assemblages, representing the Rhaetian, Hettangian and Pliensbachian, respectively. Megaspores are abundant and diverse (12 taxa) in the Rhaetian assemblage. Diversity markedly decreases across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (TJB), with species richness reducing from 12 to two taxa. The Hettangian assemblage is well-preserved but depauperate, and is overwhelmingly dominated by Nathorstisporites hopliticus. A subsequent recovery of lycopsid diversity followed, recorded by an increase in richness to six taxa in the Pliensbachian assemblage. The disappearance of the hygrophilous and diverse heterosporous lycophyte communities across the TJB, suggests a shift to drier conditions in the earliest Jurassic. This is supported by lithological changes from coal-forming environments in the Rhaetian to sandstone-dominated fluvial-estuarine facies in the Hettangian. Throughout this study, we analysed the megaspores using fluorescence microscopy, which revealed detailed morphological features on specimens that were otherwise opaque under visible light. This non-destructive technique is particularly useful for examining opaque megaspores embedded in permanent mounting media, such as epoxy resin, and may provide new insights into historical megaspore collections elsewhere.
{"title":"Megaspores from the Late Triassic‒Early Jurassic of southern Scandinavia: taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications","authors":"Jungang Peng, S. Slater, V. Vajda","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1923060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1923060","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Here we investigate megaspores from 10 Triassic‒Jurassic localities of southern Sweden and Bornholm, Denmark, based on collections housed in the Swedish Museum of Natural History. We identify and describe 19 megaspore taxa belonging to three stratigraphically constrained assemblages, representing the Rhaetian, Hettangian and Pliensbachian, respectively. Megaspores are abundant and diverse (12 taxa) in the Rhaetian assemblage. Diversity markedly decreases across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (TJB), with species richness reducing from 12 to two taxa. The Hettangian assemblage is well-preserved but depauperate, and is overwhelmingly dominated by Nathorstisporites hopliticus. A subsequent recovery of lycopsid diversity followed, recorded by an increase in richness to six taxa in the Pliensbachian assemblage. The disappearance of the hygrophilous and diverse heterosporous lycophyte communities across the TJB, suggests a shift to drier conditions in the earliest Jurassic. This is supported by lithological changes from coal-forming environments in the Rhaetian to sandstone-dominated fluvial-estuarine facies in the Hettangian. Throughout this study, we analysed the megaspores using fluorescence microscopy, which revealed detailed morphological features on specimens that were otherwise opaque under visible light. This non-destructive technique is particularly useful for examining opaque megaspores embedded in permanent mounting media, such as epoxy resin, and may provide new insights into historical megaspore collections elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"202 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1923060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46884181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1968198
V. Vajda, C. Skovsted
This special issue aims to highlight the value of historical paleontological collections at museums in general, and at Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM) in particular, providing a glimpse into our national fossil archives in the light of modern science and technology. Museums worldwide house fossil material collected over a time span of hundreds of years, in many cases from sedimentary successions that are no longer accessible. The paleontological collections at the NRM comprise over two million specimens that were contributed to the museum over the past 200 years, by pioneers, such as Nordenskiöld, Angelin, Holm, Stensiö, Nathorst, Halle and Lundblad. In more recent times, donations from other institutes and private persons have enriched our collections and a new generation of scientists and curators are continuously adding valuable material. For the purpose of this special issue, we focus mainly on our Swedish collections, focusing on scientifically important specimens not described previously, but also new material investigated with the latest technologies. Research highlighted in this issue covers most of the Phanerozoic eon incorporating macroand microfossil data from marine and continental successions. We wish to show the reader that the collections represent an invaluable national resource and a great asset for both Swedish and international researchers long into the future.
{"title":"Advances in Swedish palaeontology; the importance of fossils in natural history collections - The Department of Palaeobiology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History","authors":"V. Vajda, C. Skovsted","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1968198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1968198","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue aims to highlight the value of historical paleontological collections at museums in general, and at Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM) in particular, providing a glimpse into our national fossil archives in the light of modern science and technology. Museums worldwide house fossil material collected over a time span of hundreds of years, in many cases from sedimentary successions that are no longer accessible. The paleontological collections at the NRM comprise over two million specimens that were contributed to the museum over the past 200 years, by pioneers, such as Nordenskiöld, Angelin, Holm, Stensiö, Nathorst, Halle and Lundblad. In more recent times, donations from other institutes and private persons have enriched our collections and a new generation of scientists and curators are continuously adding valuable material. For the purpose of this special issue, we focus mainly on our Swedish collections, focusing on scientifically important specimens not described previously, but also new material investigated with the latest technologies. Research highlighted in this issue covers most of the Phanerozoic eon incorporating macroand microfossil data from marine and continental successions. We wish to show the reader that the collections represent an invaluable national resource and a great asset for both Swedish and international researchers long into the future.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"93 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1896574
S. McLoughlin, A. Halamski, C. Mays, J. Kvaček
ABSTRACT Neutron tomographic reconstructions, macrophotography, transmitted light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are employed to assess the quality of organic preservation, determine organ associations, identify insect damage, and document fungal interactions with selected Santonian–lower Campanian plant fossils from the northern Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden. Fricia nathorstii (Conwentz) comb. nov., is proposed for a composite fossil comprising an anatomically preserved (permineralized) cupressacean conifer cone and its subtending, concealed, leafy axis (preserved as a mould) in the Ryedal Sandstone. Several other impressions of conifer and angiosperm leaf-bearing axes and isolated leaves are described under open nomenclature. Three cuticle types are described from the non-marine plant-bearing beds in the basal part of the succession exposed at Åsen, but these are only assigned to informal morphotypes pending a comprehensive review of the extensive fossil cuticle flora. Two species of ascomycote epiphyllous fungi from Åsen are established: Stomiopeltites ivoeensis sp. nov. (Micropeltidales) and Meliolinites scanicus sp. nov. (Meliolales). The latter provides an important calibration point for dating the divergence of Meliolales, being the first pre-Cenozoic representative of the order. Various additional fungal remains, including thyriothecia, scolecospores, chlamydospores, putative germlings, and hyphae, are described from the cuticular surfaces of conifer and angiosperm leaves from Åsen. Insect herbivory is expressed in the form of both margin-feeding and piercing-and-sucking damage on angiosperm leaves. The Santonian–early Campanian vegetation is inferred to have grown in strongly humid, mid-latitude, coastal plain settings based on the depositional context of the assemblages, leaf morphology, and the pervasive distribution of epiphyllous fungi.
{"title":"Neutron tomography, fluorescence and transmitted light microscopy reveal new insect damage, fungi and plant organ associations in the Late Cretaceous floras of Sweden","authors":"S. McLoughlin, A. Halamski, C. Mays, J. Kvaček","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1896574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1896574","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Neutron tomographic reconstructions, macrophotography, transmitted light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are employed to assess the quality of organic preservation, determine organ associations, identify insect damage, and document fungal interactions with selected Santonian–lower Campanian plant fossils from the northern Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden. Fricia nathorstii (Conwentz) comb. nov., is proposed for a composite fossil comprising an anatomically preserved (permineralized) cupressacean conifer cone and its subtending, concealed, leafy axis (preserved as a mould) in the Ryedal Sandstone. Several other impressions of conifer and angiosperm leaf-bearing axes and isolated leaves are described under open nomenclature. Three cuticle types are described from the non-marine plant-bearing beds in the basal part of the succession exposed at Åsen, but these are only assigned to informal morphotypes pending a comprehensive review of the extensive fossil cuticle flora. Two species of ascomycote epiphyllous fungi from Åsen are established: Stomiopeltites ivoeensis sp. nov. (Micropeltidales) and Meliolinites scanicus sp. nov. (Meliolales). The latter provides an important calibration point for dating the divergence of Meliolales, being the first pre-Cenozoic representative of the order. Various additional fungal remains, including thyriothecia, scolecospores, chlamydospores, putative germlings, and hyphae, are described from the cuticular surfaces of conifer and angiosperm leaves from Åsen. Insect herbivory is expressed in the form of both margin-feeding and piercing-and-sucking damage on angiosperm leaves. The Santonian–early Campanian vegetation is inferred to have grown in strongly humid, mid-latitude, coastal plain settings based on the depositional context of the assemblages, leaf morphology, and the pervasive distribution of epiphyllous fungi.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"248 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47329626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/11035897.2021.1896573
Alexander Lewerentz, M. Ripa, G. Morris
ABSTRACT Metavolcanic rocks in the area north and northwest of Falun, Bergslagen, Sweden host numerous mineralisations and historic mines. The stratigraphy and formation ages of these metavolcanic rocks however remains unresolved on the local scale. This study aims to add at least some pieces to that puzzle by exploring age-constrains for the deposition of a metavolcaniclastic rock at Byngsbodberget, c. 15 km west-northwest of Falun. U-Pb SIMS analyses were conducted on zircon, from which a concordia age is calculated at 1900 ± 9 Ma and interpreted as the age of the main volcanic event that contributed material to the studied volcaniclastic rock. Based on observations of way-up indicators, this is thought to mark the lower parts of the local volcanic stratigraphy.
{"title":"Time constraints on the deposition of a mineralisation-proximal metavolcaniclastic rock at Byngsbodberget, northwest of Falun, Bergslagen, Sweden","authors":"Alexander Lewerentz, M. Ripa, G. Morris","doi":"10.1080/11035897.2021.1896573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1896573","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Metavolcanic rocks in the area north and northwest of Falun, Bergslagen, Sweden host numerous mineralisations and historic mines. The stratigraphy and formation ages of these metavolcanic rocks however remains unresolved on the local scale. This study aims to add at least some pieces to that puzzle by exploring age-constrains for the deposition of a metavolcaniclastic rock at Byngsbodberget, c. 15 km west-northwest of Falun. U-Pb SIMS analyses were conducted on zircon, from which a concordia age is calculated at 1900 ± 9 Ma and interpreted as the age of the main volcanic event that contributed material to the studied volcaniclastic rock. Based on observations of way-up indicators, this is thought to mark the lower parts of the local volcanic stratigraphy.","PeriodicalId":55094,"journal":{"name":"Gff","volume":"143 1","pages":"321 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11035897.2021.1896573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46844065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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